1. Mary Ellen Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines in the United States (Praeger, July 1998).
2. Tracy Seneca, “The History of Women’s Magazines: Magazines as Virtual Communities,” graduate thesis, New York Univeristy, Fall 1993, http://besser.tsoa.nyu.edu/impact/f93/students/tracy/tracy_hist.html.
3. Kristin H. Gerhard, “International Women’s Periodicals: Eighteenth Century to the Great Depression,” International Women’s Periodicals, Cornell University library archive online, http://iwp.library.cornell.edu/i/iwp/women_intro.html.
4. Seneca, “The History of Women’s Magazines.”
5. Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines, 3.
6. “Magazines and Publications II,” funtrivia.com, http://www.funtrivia.com/en/subtopics/Magazines-and-Publications-II-81154.html.
7. Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines, 46.
8. Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines, 48.
9. Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines, 51.
10. Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines, 88.
11. Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines, 117.
12. Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines, 205.
13. Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines, 108.
14. Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines, 138.
15. Ibid.
16. Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines, 146.
17. Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines, 55.
18. Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines, 93 – 95.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines, 208-209.
22. Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines, 219.
23. Zuckerman, A History of Popular Women’s Magazines, 220.
24. Ibid.
25. Michelle Tauber, “The War of the Rosies,” People magazine online, October 2, 2002, http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20138165,00.html.
26. Ibid.
27. Anne Moore, “Transformation 2010: A Message from Magazine Leaders,” opening remarks, Transformation 2010, American Association of Advertising Agencies, February 28, 2010, http://www.aaaa.org/events/transcripts/Pages/030110_MagLeadersAM.aspx.
1. Carol Kleiman, “Pink Collar Workers Fight to Leave ‘Ghetto,’” The Seattle Times online archive, January 8, 2006, http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2002727003_kleiman08.html?syndication=rss.
2. “The Devil Wears Prada?” All About Anna Wintour, blogspot, http://12-anna-wintour.blogspot.com/p/devil-wears-prada.html (accessed February 2012).
3. Melissa Kent, “In a High-Gloss, High-Heeled Hell, Maghag’s Blog is Baring Fashion’s Nasty Secrets,” The Age Newspaper online, May 8, 2008, http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/baring-fashions-nasty-secrets/2008/05/17/1210765260552.html?page=fullpage.
4. Linda Wells, “Letter from the Editor,” Allure magazine, May 2011.
5. Ibid.
6. Irin Carmen, “Sex Sells: The Cosmo-fication of Women’s Health,” Jezebel, December 11, 2009, http://jezebel.com/5424434/sex-sells-the-cosmo+fication-of-womens-health.
7. Samir Husni, “Simplify and 9 other tips I learned from the new Woman’s Day,” Mr. Magazine blog, June 4, 2007, http://mrmagazine.word-press.com/2007/06/page/2/.
8. Ibid.
9. Lucia Moses, “As Seventeen Goes Upscale, Can it Keep its Readers?” Adweek online, March 15, 2011, http://www.adweek.com/news/television/seventeen-goes-upscale-can-it-keep-its-readers-125996.
10. Nicole Breane, “40 Years Of Feminist Journalism Courtesy of Ms. Magazine,” Zelda Lilly blog, January 30, 2012, http://zeldalily.com/index.php/2012/01/40-years-of-feminist-journalism-courtesy-of-ms-magazine/.
11. Alicia Lukachko and Elizabeth M. Whelan, “Popular Women’s Magazines are Still Downplaying the Risks of Smoking,” American Council on Science and Health, March 1, 1999, http://www.acsh.org/publications/pubID.415/pub_detail.asp.
12. Nat Ives, “Lawmaker Who Attacked Mags Over Cig Ads Isn’t Happy With Response,” Ad Age online, August 16, 2007, http://adage.com/article/media/lawmaker-attacked-mags-cig-ads-happy-response/119899/.
13. Alison Stein Wellner, “Why Magazines Suck,” Media column, Huffington Post, January 16, 2009, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alison-stein-wellner/why-magazines-suck_b_158565.htm.
14. “Scent Research,” Whiff Solutions, AskTheWhiffGuys.com, 2008, http://www.whiffsolutions.com/research.html.
15. PRNewswire, “Size Does Matter Especially When Combined with Innovation and Creative Execution,” The Free Library online, February 26, 2007, http://www.thefreelibrary.com/New+GfK+Starch(R)+Report+Reveals+the+Power+of+;+%27Spectacular%27+Ads.-a0159792471.
16. “Impulse Selling through Package Smelling,” blog post by Liz, askthewhiffguys.com, May 27, 2008, http://askthewhiffguys.com/research/case-studies/impulse-selling-through-package-smelling-2/.
17. Bruce Horowitz, “Dollars and Scents: Some Magazines Are Rethinking Those Perfume Ads,” Los Angeles Times online, Marketing section, November 17, 1992, http://articles.latimes.com/1992-11-17/business/fi-603_1_perfume-ads.
18. P Kumar, et al, “Inhalation Challenge Effects of Perfume Scent Strips in Patients with Asthma,” Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 75, no. 5 (November 1995): 429-33.
19. “Fragrance & Cosmetic Advertisements in Periodicals Publications,” Customer Support Ruling, United States Postal Service, September 2005, http://pe.usps.com/text/csr/PS-273.htm.
20. BE Fisher, “Scents and Sensitivity,” Environmental Health Perspectives 106 (December 1998): 594-599, http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106a594.
21. Ibid.
1. “Beauty and Body Image in the Media,” report by the Media Awareness Network, 2006, http://www2.fiu.edu/~surisc/beauty%20and%20body%20image.pdf.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Mark Sweney, "L'Oréal's Julia Roberts and Christy Turlington Ad Campaigns Banned," July 26, 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/jul/27/loreal-julia-roberts-ad-banned.
6. Tara Parker Pope, “The French Rethink Thin,” the New York Times online, April 15, 2008, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/the-french-rethink-thin/.
7. “Kate Moss Mascara Ads Banned after Complaints Her Lashes Were False,” The Daily Mail online, October 3, 2007, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-485333/Kate-Moss-mascara-ads-banned-complaints-lashes-false.html#ixzz1zcJbO3xd.
8. The Subliminal Hypnotist, “Subliminal Advertising: Hoax or Truth,” How to Subliminal blog, http://www.howtosubliminal.com/subliminal-advertising-hoax-truth/.
9. Cheryl Wischhover, “The U.K. ASA Slams a Rachel Weisz for L’Oreal Ad for ‘Unrealistic Retouching,’” February 21, 2012, adhttp://fashionista.com/2012/02/the-uks-asa-slams-a-rachel-weisz-for-loreal-ad-for-unrealistic-retouching/.
10. Gloria Steinem, “Sex, Lies & Advertising,” Ms. Magazine, July/August 1990.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Joe Mandese, “Paid Product Placement Surges in Magazines, Newspapers, Other Media,” MediaDailyNews online, July 26, 2005, http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/32440/paid-product-placement-surges-in-magazines-newspa.html.
14. Ibid.
15. Julian Sivulka, Ad Women: How they Impact What We Need, Want, and Buy (Prometheus Books, November 2008), 228.
16. Abby Rourke, “The American Housewife: Television and Magazine Images of Middle-Class Women, 1950-1955,” graduate thesis, January 30, 2011, Siena College, New York, http://www.siena.edu/uploadedfiles/home/Academics/Schools_and_Departments/School_of_Liberal_Arts/History/Siena_Argus/A.%20Rourke%20Capstone-Final%20Copy.pdf.
17. Sivulka, Ad Women.
18. Sivulka, Ad Women.
19. Sivulka, Ad Women.
20. “Dodge La Femme—Never a Car More Distinctively Feminine,” Collector Car Ads blog, February 11, 2009, http://blog.collectorcarads.com/dodge-la-femme/02/2009/.
21. Ibid.
22. Sivulka, Ad Women, 342
23. Sivulka, Ad Women, 348.
24. Sivulka, Ad Women, 358.
1. Jim Edwards, “Why the FTC Should Sue Harper’s Bazaar over Its Fashion Spreads,” CBS News online, November 11, 2010, http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505123_162-42746549/why-the-ftc-should-sue-harpers-bazaar-over-its-fashion-spreads/.
2. Ibid.
3. Jennifer Craik, The Faces of Fashion: Cultural Studies in Fashion (Psychology Press, January 1994), 58.
4. Nat Ives, “Vogue’s September Issue Leads Fashion Pack with 584 Ad Pages,” Ad Age Media News online, July 20, 2011, http://adage.com/article/media/vogue-s-september-issue-leads-fashion-pack-584-ad-pages/228826/.
5. Joshua Levine, “Brand Anna,” Wall Street Journal online, March 23, 2011, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704893604576200722939264658.html.
6. Lauren Sherman, “Most Powerful Fashion Magazine Editors,” Forbes Magazine online, September 4, 2008, http://www.forbes.com/2008/09/04/style-editor-magazine-forbeslife-cx_ls_0904editors.html.
7. Ibid.
8. Eric Wilson, “Magazines Begin to Sell the Fashions they Review,” New York Times, September 25, 2011.
9. Angela Carrol, “Brand Communications in Fashion Categories, Using Celebrity Endorsement,” Journal of Brand Management 17 (September 12, 2008): 146 – 158.
10. Ariana Finlayson, “Jason Wu for Target Sells At Missoni-Like Speed,” US Weekly, February 6, 2012, http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-style/news/jason-wu-for-target-sells-at-missoni-like-speed-201262.
11. Ibid.
12. Christina Binkley, “How Can Jeans Cost $300?” Wall Street Journal online, July 7, 2011, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872.html.
13. Ksenia Kahnovich, “Fashion Talk: Coco Rocha Supports the Model Alliance Created by a Model Sara Ziff,” Top Fashion Style blog, February 6, 2012, http://topfashionstyle.com/fashion-news/fashion-talk-coco-ro-cha-supports-the-model-alliance-created-by-a-model-sara-ziff.
14. Sarah Ziff, Picture Me: A Model’s Diary, documentary film (Strand Releasing, January 11, 2011).
15. Ibid.
16. Amy Odell, “Anna Wintour, Michael Kors, and Natalia Vodianova Discussed Eating Disorders in Boston,” New York Magazine online, March 23, 2010, http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2010/03/anna_wintour_michael_kors_and.html.
17. Sarah Weir, “Cindy Crawford Pulls Plug on 10-Year-Old Daughter’s Modeling Career,” Yahoo! Shine fashion news, February 16, 2012, http://shine.yahoo.com/fashion/cindy-crawford-pulls-plug-ten-old-daughter-8217-183000108.html.
18. Olivia Bergen, “Dakota Fanning’s Oh, Lola! advert for Marc Jacobs is banned,” The Telegraph UK online, http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG8876913/Dakota-Fannings-Oh-Lola-advert-for-Marc-Jacobs-is-banned.html.
19. Nina Jones, “Marc Jacobs’ Oh, Lola Ad Banned in U.K.,” Women’s Wear Daily online, November 9, 2011, http://www.wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/fragrance/marc-jacobs-oh-lola-ad-banned-5358741.
20. Sheila Marikar, “Kate Upton: Sports Illustrated Darling, but Not Fit for Victoria’s Secret,” ABCNews.com, February 15, 2012, http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2012/02/kate-upton-sports-illustrated-darling-but-not-fit-for-victorias-secret/.
21. Emily Blaha, “The Portrayal of Women in Magazine Advertisements Across Four Different Women’s Magazines,” Journal for the Human Sciences Volume 5 (2006). http://www.kon.org/urc/v5/blaha.html.
22. “Statistics: Easting Disorders and their Precursors,” Fact Sheet, National Eating Disorders Association, 2005, http://www.sc.edu/healthycarolina/pdf/facstaffstu/eatingdisorders/EatingDisorderStatistics.pdf.
23. Alan, Wirzbicki, “Fashion Designers Need to Stop Blaming Models for the Industry’s Anorexia Problem,” The Angle blog, Boston Globe online, February 9, 2012, http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/blogs/the_angle/2012/02/fashion_designe.html.
24. A. Preti, et al, “Eating disorders among professional fashion models,” Journal of Psychiatry Research 159, no. 1-2 (May 30, 2008): 86–94.
25. Wirzbicki, “Fashion Designers Need to Stop Blaming Models,” Boston Globe.
26. Ian Sparks and Ben Tod, “‘She is a little too fat’: Karl Lagerfeld slates Adele’s size before backtracking on his comments about her image,” The Daily Mail online, February 8, 2012, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2097488/Karl-Lagerfeld-slates-Adeles-image-back-tracking-comments.html.
27. Jenna Sauers, “Karl Lagerfeld Is Very Sorry He Called Adele Fat,” Jezebel, February 8, 2012, http://jezebel.com/5883434/karl-lagerfeld-is-very-sorry-he-called-adele-fat.
1. Anna Holmes, “Memo To Women’s Magazine Editors: White Women Hate Themselves After Reading Your Magazines,” Jezebel, March 30, 2007, http://jezebel.com/248484/memo-to-womens-magazine-editors-white-women-hate-themselves-after-reading-your-magazines.
2. Rebecca Reisner, “The Diet Industry: A Big Fat Lie,” Businessweek online, The Debate Room blog, January 10, 2008, http://www.businessweek.com/debateroom/archives/2008/01/the_diet_indust.html.
3. “Healthy Weight: It’s Not a Diet, It’s a Lifestyle,” Fact Sheet, Center for Disease Control and Prevention online, http://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight/calories/index.html.
4. Roger Gould, MD, “Why Diets Fail,” Yahoo! Voices, Dieting and Weight Loss blog, December 18, 2007, http://voices.yahoo.com/why-diets-fail-725647.html.
5. Ibid.
6. Shaun Dreisbach, “Shocking Body-Image News: 97% of Women Will Be Cruel to Their Bodies Today,” Glamour online, February 18, 2011, http://www.glamour.com/health-fitness/2011/02/shocking-body-image-news-97-percent-of-women-will-be-cruel-to-their-bodies-today#ixzz1znerEjO32.
7. “Three Out Of Four American Women Have Disordered Eating, Survey Suggests,” ScienceDaily.com, April 8, 2008, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/04/080422202514.htm.
8. Susan Lundman, “What Happens to a Woman’s Body at 40?” LiveStrong.com, May 26, 2011, http://www.livestrong.com/article/363851-what-happens-to-a-womens-body-at-40/#ixzz1p8DQ6qqc.
9. Aisha Tyler, “I Don’t Want to Be Perfect,” Glamour, September 2005.
10. Lucy Danziger, “Do We Retouch? Yes!” Self online, Lucy’s Blog, August 10, 2009, http://www.self.com/magazine/blogs/lucysblog/2009/08/pictures-that-please-us.html.
11. “Glamour Responds to ‘Skinny Betty’ Charges!” Aaaay! Starlets blog, September 7, 2007, http://ayyyy.com/glamour-responds-to-skinny-betty-charges/.
12. “This Week in Kerfuffle: The Faith Hill/Redbook Controversy,” That Was Probably Awkward blog, July 24, 2007, http://probablyawkward.typepad.com/that_was_probably_awkward/2007/07/this-week-in-ke.html.
13. Anna Holmes, “Faith Hill’s ‘Redbook’ Photoshop Chop: Why We’re Pissed,” Jezebel, July 17, 2007, http://jezebel.com/279203/faith-hills-redbook-photoshop-chop-why-were-pissed.
14. Dreisbach, “Shocking Body Image News,” Glamour.
15. “As Mainstream Media Decline, Niche and Foreign Outlets Grow,” The Washington Press Corp: A Special Report, The Pew Center for Excellence in Journalism, July 16, 2009, http://www.journalism.org/analysis_report/new_washington_press_corps.
16. Rosie Molinary, author of Beautiful You: A Daily Guide to Radical Self-Acceptance (Seal Press, October 2010).
17. Jennifer Romolini, “Yay! French Elle’s Amazing No-Makeup Issue (and why American mags need to step it up),” Yahoo! Shine, April 14, 2009, http://shine.yahoo.com/fashion/yay-french-elles-amazing-no-makeup-issue-and-why-american-mags-need-to-step-it-up-446538.html.
18. Melinda Brodbeck and Erin Evans, “Dove Campaign for Real Beauty Case Study,” Public Relations Problems and Cases blog, Pennsylvania State University, March 5, 2007, http://psucomm473.blogspot.com/2007/03/dove-campaign-for-real-beauty-case.html.
19. Jessica Bennett, “Weighty Matters,” The Daily Beast, February 7, 2007, http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2007/02/07/weighty-matters.html.
20. Jessica Bennett, “Picture Perfect,” The Daily Beast, May 1, 2008, http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2008/05/01/picture-perfect.html.
21. Emma Brownell, “Dove’s Evolution Video Drives Debate,” iMedia-Connection.com, October 24, 2006, http://www.imediaconnection.com/content/11841.asp.
22. Lauren Collins, “Pixel Perfect: Pascal Danzig’s Virtual Reality,” The New Yorker, May 12, 2008.
23. “First Thing Women Notice About Other Women is How FAT They Are,” Daily Mail UK online, May 27, 2011, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1391477/Women-pass-judgement-20-seconds-meeting-them.html.
24. Collins, “Pixel Perfect,” The New Yorker.
25. Ibid.
26. Eric Kee and Hany Farid, “A Perceptual Metric for Photo Retouching,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, November 28, 2011, http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/11/21/1110747108.abstract.
27. Camilla Long, “Pascal Dangin: The Master Manipulator,” The Fashion Spot blog, May 18, 2008, http://forums.thefashionspot.com/f71/pascal-dangin-photo-retoucher-80052.html.
1. Theresa Ruth Howard, “Beauty and Body Image in the Media,” My Body My Image blog, February 13, 2012, http://www.mybodymyimage.com/beauty-and-body-image-in-the-media.
2. Stephanie Pappas, “Magazines’ Youthful Ideal Threatens Real Women’s Sexuality,” LiveScience, June 12, 2011, http://www.livescience.com/14562-fashion-magazines-vogue-older-women-sexuality.html.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. “U.S. Consumers Quest to Remain Forever Young Driving Growth in $12.4 Billion Cosmeceuticals Market, According to New Report,” Cosmetic Surgery News, January 18, 2008, http://www.cosmeticsurgery-news.com/article2385.html.
6. Mike Adams, “Quest for Eternal Youth Credited With Rising Cosmetic Sales,” NaturalNews.com, January 25, 2005, http://www.naturalnews.com/003802.html#ixzz1zr38zJoE.
7. “Surveys Find Many Young Women Begin Planning Plastic Surgeries in Teens,” The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, September 19, 2011, http://www.surgery.org/consumers/plastic-surgery-news-briefs/surveys-find-young-women-planning-plastic-surgeries-teens-1035572.
8. Ibid.
9. Wendy Felton, “InStyle’s Insane Ideas About Women’s Bodies,” Glossed Over blog post, September 9, 2008, http://www.glossedover.com/glossed_over/2008/09/instyles-insane.html.
10. Stephanie Clifford, “The Readers Are Over 40 (Don’t Tell Advertisers),” The New York Times, August 23, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/24/business/media/24more.html?pagewanted=all.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Jessica Bennett, “Generation Diva: How our Obsession with Beauty is Changing Our Kids,” The Daily Beast, March 29, 2009, http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/03/29/generation-diva.html
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Naomi Wolf, The Beauty Myth (Vintage Books, September 1991).
23. Susan Sontag, The Double Standard of Aging (Farrar, Straus, & Giroux, Inc; 1979).
24. Tom Chiarella, “What Is a Man?” Esquire, April 6, 2009, http://www.esquire.com/features/what-is-a-man-0509#ixzz1pFPitveg.
25. “How a Man Ages, or Should,” Esquire online, http://www.esquire.com/features/men-aging-well-0610#ixzz1pFV6XuB3 (accessed February 10, 2012).
26. Ibid.
27. Hillari Dowdle, “Natural Born Leaders,” Natural Health Magazine online, http://www.naturalhealthmag.com/mind-body/natural-born-leaders (accessed February 10, 2012).
28. Bim Adewunmi, “I’m Interested in All the Personal Stuff,” The Guardian UK newspaper online, June 9, 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/life-andstyle/2011/jun/10/jane-pratt-veteran-alternative-glossy.
29. Ibid.
1. Myrna Blyth, Spin Sisters: How The Women Of The Media Sell Unhappiness—And Liberalism—To The Women Of America (Macmillan, 2005), 45.
2. Barry Wigmore, “Just Why Are Women Unhappier Than Men?” The Daily Mail UK online, September 27, 2007, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-484134/Just-women-unhappier-men.html.
3. “Health Coverage in Popular Women’s Magazines Focuses on an Individual’s Initiative, Missouri Journalism Professor Suggests,” news release, Missouri School of Journalism, May 28, 2010, http://journalism.missouri.edu/2010/05/health-coverage-in-popular-womens-magazines-focuses-on-an-individuals-initiative-missouri-journalism-professor-suggests/.
4. Ibid.
5. Sherrill Sellman, “Osteoporosis—The Bones of Contention,” Health101. org, http://health101.org/art_osteo_bones.htm (accessed November 2011).
6. Lorraine Silver Wallace, PhD, and Joyce E. Ballard, PhD, “Osteoporosis Coverage in Selected Women’s Magazines and Newspapers, 1998-2001,” American Journal of Health Behavior vol. 27 no. 1 (2003): 75-83.
7. “Bone Health and Osteoporosis: A Report of the Surgeon General,” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, October 14, 2004, http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/bonehealth/chapter_4.html.
8. “The Nutrition Source: Calcium and Milk: What’s Best for Your Bones and Health?” The Harvard School of Public Health fact sheet, http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/calcium-full-story/ (accessed November 2011).
9. “Serial Murder: Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives for Investigators,” Reports and Publications, Federal Bureau of Investigation, http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/serial-murder (accessed November 2011).
10. Gwen Sharp, PhD, “Missing White Woman Syndrome and Fear of Crime,” School of Liberal Arts & Sciences online, Nevada State College, August 1, 2011, http://nsclas.blogspot.com/2011/08/missing-white-woman-syndrome-and-fear.html.
11. Ibid.
12. Barry Glasner, “Narrative Techniques of Fear Mongering,” Social Research Vol. 72, no. 4 (Winter 2004): 819-826.
13. Ronald Bailey, “Fear Itself,” Reason.com, April 12, 2011, http://reason.com/archives/2011/04/12/fear-itself.
1. Philo Wasburn, “Media Coverage of Women in Politics: The Curious Case of Sarah Palin,” Media Culture Society Vol. 33 no. 7 (October 2011): 1027—1041.
2. Jonathan Van Meter, “In Hillary’s Footsteps: Kirstin Gillibrand,” Vogue, October 2010.
3. Flannel Jesus, “Women and Leftism: An Interesting Google Search,” ILovePhilosophy.com, February 24, 2012, http://www.ilovephilosophy.com/viewtopic.php?t=178251.
4. Erin Hatten and Mary Nell Trautner, “Equal Opportunity Objectification? The Sexualization of Men and Women on the Cover of Rolling Stone,” The Journal of Sex and Culture Vol. 15, no. 3 (2011): 256–278.
5. John Koblin, “Can Todd Make a Mooseburger? Women’s Mags Scramble on Palin Coverage,” New York Observer, September 23, 2008.
6. Jennifer Siebel Newsom, Miss Representation, documentary produced by Girls Club Entertainment, October 2011, http://www.missrepresentation.org/the-film/.
7. “The United States Congress: Quick Facts,” ThisNation.com, http://thisnation.com/congress-facts.html (accessed February 2012).
8. Jack Demarest and Jeanette Garner, “The Representation of Women’s Roles in Women’s Magazines Over the Past 30 Years,” Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied Vol. 126, no. 4 (Jul 1992): 357–368.
9. Ibid.
10. Jenn Goddu, “‘Powerless, Public-Spirited Women,’ ‘Angry Feminists,’ and ‘The Muffin Lobby’: Newspaper and Magazine Coverage of the Canadian Advisory Council on the Status of Women, the National Action Committee on the Status of Women, and REAL Women of Canada,” Canadian Journal of Communication Vol. 24, no. 1 (1999).
11. “Details’ Peres On Which Women’s Mag He’d Edit: ‘I’m Waiting for Cindi to F*ck It All Up At Glamour,’” Mediabistro.com, Fishbowl New York, blog post by “Rebecca,” April 30, 2008, http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlny/details-peres-on-which-womens-mag-hed-edit-im-waiting-for-cindi-to-fck-it-all-up-at-glamour_b8601.
12. Elaine Ray, “Stanford Symposium, Exhibits, Talk by Gloria Steinem Commemorate Ms. Magazine’s 40 Years,” The Stanford Report, Stanford Univeristy, January 9, 2012, http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/january/stanford-ms-magazine-010912.html.
13. Sheila Weller, “Time to Have a Little Talk about Those Women’s Magazines,” Huffington Post, December 30, 2008, http://www.huffington-post.com/sheila-weller/time-to-have-a-little-tal_b_154223.html.
14. Arwa Aburawa, “Revisiting Marie Claire’s Coverage of Muslim Women,” Patheos.com, MuslimahMediaWatch blog, September 20, 2010, http://www.patheos.com/blogs/mmw/2010/09/finding-a-balance-between-critique-and-praise-revisiting-marie-claires-coverage-of-muslim-women/.
15. Ibid.
16. “American Mothers are Primary Influence on Women’s Political Behavior and Attitudes, Oxygen/Markle Pulse Finds,” news release, The Markle Foundation, June 30, 2000, http://www.markle.org/news-events/media-releases/american-mothers-are-primary-influence-womens-political-behavior-and-atti.
17. Kalia Doner, “Surely Life’s Not as Bad as the Magazine’s Say?” Chicago Tribune, August 22, 1993, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-08-22/features/9308220009_1_working-mother-working-woman-feminist-ideas.
18. “Women’s Magazines: A Liberal Pipeline to Soccer Moms,” special report, Media Research Center, November 21, 1996, http://archive.mrc.org/specialreports/1996/sr19961121.asp.
19. Blythe, Spin Sisters, 261-2.
20. “Women’s Magazines: A Liberal Pipeline,” Media Research Center (see no. 18).
21. “Record High 67 Percent See Political Bias in News Media,” blog post, Media Research Center, February 15, 2012, http://www.mrc.org/media-bias-101/exhibit-2-26-record-high-67-see-political-bias-news-media.
22. Linda Lowen, “Women Talk Politics: Friends Influence Friends,”About.com, Women’s Issues, http://womensissues.about.com/od/thepoliticalarena/a/discusspolitics_4.htm (accessed February 2012).
1. Jennifer Thompson, “Sexploitation the Big Seller in the Mass Media,” OurWeekly.com, Antelope Valley News, July 14, 2011, http://www.ourweekly.com/los-angeles/sexploitation-big-seller-mass-media.
2. Laura Carpenter, “From Girls into Women: Scripts for Sexuality and Romance in Seventeen Magazine, 1974 – 1994,” The Journal of Sex Research Vol. 35, No. 2 (May 1998): 158–168.
3. Thompson, “Sexploitation the Big Seller,” OurWeekly.com.
4. Elaine Welteroff, “Guy Pretty Vs. Girl Pretty,” Glamour online, http://www.glamour.com/beauty/2012/01/guy-pretty-vs-girl-pretty#slide=9 (accessed February 2012).
5. “Kinsey’s Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale,” The Kinsey Institute, http://www.iub.edu/~kinsey/research/ak-hhscale.html (accessed March 2012).
6. Gary J. Gates, “How Many People are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender?” The Williams Institute, UCLA, http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-How-Many-People-LGBT-Apr-2011.pdf.
7. Anouk Vleugels, “Research: Bisexuality is Normal for Women,” United Academics Magazine, October 25, 2011, http://www.united-academics.org/magazine/2272/bisexuality-is-natural-for-women/.
8. Laurie Abraham, “The Pink Ghetto: Why Women’s Magazines Get No Respect,” Mediabistro panel discussion, October 3, 2002, http://www.mediabistro.com/spotlight/archives/01/10/10/.
9. Christine Ottery, “Video: Quick and Dirty Women’s Mags,” Women’s Mag Science June 18, 2010, http://www.womens-mag-science.com/2010/06/18/video-quick-and-dirty-womens-magazinest/.
10. Ibid.
11. Abraham, “The Pink Ghetto: Why Women’s Magazines Get No Respect,” (see no. 8 above).
12. Ottery, “Video: Quick and Dirty Women’s Mags.”
13. Chandra Czape, “The Pink Ghetto? Why Women’s Magazines Get No Respect,” (see no. 11 above).
1. “The Rise and Fall of the Supermodel,” Hub Pages, post by Seabastian, March 3, 2010, http://seabastian.hubpages.com/hub/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-the-Supermodel
2. Ibid.
3. “The supermodel is dead, says Claudia Schiffer,” The Daily Mail UK online, September 3, 2007, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-479711/The-supermodel-dead-says-Claudia-Schiffer.html.
4. Lucia Moses, “Top-Selling Cover Girls (and Boys) of the Year,” Ad-Week online, April 25, 2011, http://www.adweek.com/news/press/top-selling-cover-girls-and-boys-year-130743.
5. Ibid.
6. John Koblin, “The Cover Story: The Best (and Worst) Sellers of 2011,” Women’s Wear Daily, December 23, 2011, http://www.wwd.com/media-news/media-features/newsstands-best-and-worst-sellers-of-2011-5441321.
7. Erica Harrison, “Divine Trash: the Psychology of Celebrity Obsession,” Cosmos Magazine, February 2006, http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/node/414/.
8. Misty Harris, “The Skinny on Celebrities: Study Finds Thin Stars in Magazines May Help Women’s Body Image,” Postmedia News, February 21, 2012, http://www2.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=6185933.
9. Elizabeth Hendrickson, “Economic Rationalism: Celebrity Placement in Women’s Magazines,” Journal of Magazine and New Media Research Vol. 11, no. 1 (Fall 2009): 1–15.
10. Betsy Model, personal interview, January 2012.
11. Aaron Baar, “Matching Brands with a Celebrity is a Science,” Media-Post Publications Marketing Daily, November 27, 2009, http://www.mediapost.com/publications/marketing-daily/edition/2009/11/27/?print.