INDEX

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Abeille, Laurence

abolition of slavery

abolitionists vs. welfarists

Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse

advertising, false

Al-Ma’arri, Abû-l’Ala

Alexander the Great

Alie, Kelvin

Aliocha (blogger)

Altruism: The Power of Compassion to Change Yourself and the World (Ricard)

amusement parks that massacre dolphins

anesthesia

“animal automata,” Descartes’s theory of

animal cultures

Animal Enterprise Terrorist Act

animal experimentation. See experimentation

animal exploitation

excuses and justifications for (see also corrida: justifications for)

ancestral traditions

animals do not suffer

having to choose between us and them

laws of nature

meat as necessary for health

need to make a living

superior human intelligence

there are more serious problems

how to keep the issue off the table (see also concealment of facts by perpetrators)

animal fighting

Animal Gospel (Linzey)

animal liberation, origin of the concept of

Animal Liberation: The Definitive Classic of the Animal Movement (Singer)

animal liberation movement

animal rights

the disparity between law and practice

equal consideration vs. equal rights

integral vision of

moral agents and moral patients

in the sight of the law

See also duties toward animals; rights

“Animal Rights” (Linzey)

animal trainers

animalism

defined

animality, concept of

animals

the extent of suffering we inflict on

number killed

pronouns for

terminology

transformation of our attitude toward

viewed as inferior to humans

viewed as means to an end (see also instrumentalist view of animals)

Animals Asia Foundation

anthropic principle

anthropocene era, entering the

anthropocentric denial/anthropodenial

anthropocentric utilitarians

anthropocentrism

vs. anthropomorphism

See also human exceptionalism; human supremacism; speciesism

anthropomorphism vs. anthropocentrism

antibiotic use in livestock

Antonio, Luiz

Apollonius of Tyana

Aquinas, Saint Thomas

Aristophanes

Ashoka, Emperor

Asian traditions, viewpoint of the

Augustine, Saint

Austria

automatic emotional reactions

Bacon, Francis

bad company, fallacy of. See also good company

Bailly, Jean-Christophe

Bandura, Albert

Banks, Debbie

Baratay, Éric

Baudement, Émile

bear bile farms

bears, Asian black

Bedichek, Roy

Bekoff, Marc

Bell, Barbara

Bencheikh, Soheib

Bentham, Jeremy

Bériot, Louis

Bernard, Claude

“bestial”

Bible

Bishnoism

Boesch, Christophe

Boeuf, Gilles

bonobos

brains of omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans

Brosnan, Sarah

Buddha

Buddhism

vegetarianism and

Buffon, George-Louis de

Bugnyar, Thomas

bullfighting. See corrida Burch, Rex

Burgat, Florence

Bush, George W.

Busquet, Gérard

Butler, Virgil

Caetano, Sergio

calves

Cantor, David

captive animals, freeing

capture and transport of live animals, mass losses during

carbon dioxide emissions

carbon footprint

Carbonnier, Dean

“care,” the hypocrisy of

Caron, Aymeric

castration of pigs

categorical imperative

Catholic Church

Catholic thinkers

cats

illegal trade of

cattle. See also corrida

Chai, Norin

Chapouthier, Georges

Chauvet, David

Chewong

Chicago, Judy

chicken farms, industrial

children

bullfighting and

empathy for animals

reactions to meat consumption

truth from the mouths of

chimpanzees

attachment and grief in

genetics and comparison with other species

Jane Goodall and

mental faculties

China

bear bile in

dogs in

fishing in

industrial animal breeding in

meat consumption in

tigers in captivity in

wildlife trade and

China Wildlife Conservation Association

Chinese government, human rights, and animal rights

Christianity

Christians

Churchill, Winston

Cicero

circus animals

Civard-Racinais, Alexandrine

Claudel, Paul

Clemenceau, Georges

climate change, animal breeding and

Clostermann, Pierre

Coe, Sue

Coetzee, J. M.

cognitive distance and rationalization

cognitive processes, controlled

communication, animal. See also mental faculties of animals

compassion

and concern for animals and humans

concealment of facts by perpetrators

and the presumption of ignorance

See also animal exploitation: how to keep the issue off the table

consciousness

and rights

See also mental faculties of animals

consequentialism

conservation efforts

continuum of living beings. See also evolution; mental faculties of animals; speciesism; specific topics Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)

cooperation

Copenhagen Zoo

Corbey, Raymond

corrida (bullfighting)

compared with industrial breeding and slaugterhouses

in France

justifications for

the “art” of killing

the bull exists only to be killed

corrida as a way to cultivate noble virtues

corrida as “contest with equal arms”

fight vs. flight of bull

freedom to kill

no wish to see harm done

“regional identity” and “uninterrupted local tradition”

thinkers and artists have understood and admired corrida

number of bulls killed

outlawing traditions only where they don’t exist

reasons the bull is the chosen adversary

suffering of the bull

teaching children to appreciate the ritual of the kill

writers, artists, and thinkers opposed to

Courreau, Jean-François

Courteline, Georges

Cousteau, Jacques-Yves

Cove, The (film)

crows

Crutzen, Paul

cultural evolution, factors that facilitate changes and contribute to

cultures, different

Curtis, Stanley

Cyrulnik, Boris

Dalai Lama, Fourteenth (Tenzin Gyatso)

Darracq, Jean-Pierre

Darré, Richard

Darwin, Charles

on cooperation

on differences between humans and animals

evolution and

on the mental faculties of animals

respect and concern for animals

speciesism and

Darwinian revolution and its consequences

Daub, Jean-Luc

de-animalizing animals

de Fontenay, Élisabeth

de Waal, Frans B. M.

on anthropocentric denial (anthropodenial)

bonobos and

on emotions in animals

monkeys and

on morality and sense of fairness in animals

deer

“dehumanization.” See de-animalizing animals; devaluation of victims

denial

anthropocentric

of Holocaust

See also under suffering, animal

deontological point of view

Deriabkine, Vladimir

Derrida, Jacques

Descartes, René

desensitization

Despret, Vinciane

devaluation of victims. See also de-animalizing animals

Devienne, Philippe

Diamond, Jared

Diolé, Philippe

“direct duties” to animals

dissociation, mental

dogfights

dogs

abuse and torture of

in Asian cultures

characteristics associated with

contrasted with pigs

eating the meat of

hunting

illegal puppy trade

personalities and mental faculties of

philosophers on

speciesism and

used in experiments

dolphins

amusement parks that massacre

hunting and trafficking

domesticated animals

Dominguin, Luis Miguel

Donaldson, Sue

double process, theory of

Douglas, Leo

Draize test

Dresner, Samuel H.

Dulaurens, Henri-Joseph

Dunayer, Joan

duties toward animals

according to “humanist” philosophy

as “indirect duties” to humans

Earthlings (film)

“economic alibi”

egg production, industrial

Eisnitz, Gail

elephant

elephant tusks, the craze for

elephants

circus

killing

mental faculties

embarrassment

Emerson, Ralph Waldo

emotional reactions, automatic

emotions in animals

Frans de Waal on

Jane Goodall and

See also mental faculties of animals; pain; suffering

empathy

for animals

in animals

evolution of

vegetarianism, veganism, and human

employment, right to

endangered species

England

entertainment, animals as objects of. See also circus; corrida

environmental problems. See climate change; oceans

“equal arms,” bullfighting as a contest with

equal consideration vs. equal rights

ethics

Kant on

and the light shed by the neurosciences

three forms of

See also morality; specific topics

ethics committees, animal experimentation and

euphemistic language, use of

Euripides

European admiration for India and vegetarianism

European Council for Research (CER)

European Union (EU) directives

eusociality

“euthanizing”

evolution

and the continuum of life

(see also continuum of living beings)

Darwin and

history and

and superiority

vegetarianism and

exceptionalism. See human exceptionalism

excrement, animal

existentialists

experimentation, animal

alternative methods

anthropocentric utilitarians and

deontological point of view

extrapolating to humans based

on knowledge acquired by

popular opinion on

speciesism and

for trivial and unjustifiable reasons

extinctions. See also endangered species

Fabre, Jean-Henri

factory farms. See industrial animal breeding

“Farid de Mortelle”

Farrachi, Armand

Feinberg, Joel

Ferry, Luc

Fevrier, Raymond

fight vs. flight (vs. freeze)

Finland

Fisher, Andy

Fisher, Elizabeth

fishing

effects of intensive

for pleasure

See also sea creatures Fleming, Alexander

Fletcher, Wulstan

Foer, Jonathan Safran

Eating Animals

on industrial animal breeding

on seafood

foie gras

Fouts, Roger

France

animal experimentation in

bullfighting in

hunting and hunters in

industrial animal breeding in

legislation in

vegetarians in

Francione, Gary

Francis, Pope

Francis of Assisi, Saint

Franklin, Benjamin

“free range” animals

freedom to kill

French National Institute for Agricultural Research. See INRA

fresh water reserves, impact of animal production on

Functioning of the European Union, Treaty on the

Gand, Belgium, first vegetarian town

Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma)

Gautier, Théophile

Genesis, Book of

Gennarelli, Thomas

genocide and zoocide

comparing without offending

comparison vs. analogy

definitions and terminology

differences between

duration of

goal of

memory of

methods of

motivation for

nature of reaction to

similarities between

victims of

identity of the

image of the

number of

See also Holocaust

Gent, Amanda

Germany

inclusion of animal rights in constitution

See also Holocaust

Gibert, Martin

on inclusive vs. exclusive humanism

on speciesism and human supremacism

on vegetarianism

global enterprise, a

Goetschel, Antoine

golden rule

good company, fallacy of. See also bad company

Goodall, Jane

on animal experimentation

chimpanzees and

emotions in animals and

on industrial animal breeding

vegetarianism and

Gordon-Cumming, Roualeyn

Grandin, Temple

Granger, James

Greeks, ancient

Greene, Joshua

greenhouse gases

Gregory, Dick

Grenouilleau, Olivier

Griffin, Donald R.

Grímsson, Ólafur Ragnar

Grotius, Hugo

Haidt, Jonathan

halal slaughter

Haley, Fred C.

Hardouin-Fugier, Élisabeth

Harlow, Harry

Harrison, Ruth

Hasan al-Basri

Haupt, Christiane

health, meat eating and

Hebb, Donald Olding

Hedenus, Fredrik

Held, Suzanne

Helfer, Ralph

Hemingway, Ernest

hierarchy of power

Himmler, Heinrich

Hinduism

hippopotamuses aiding animals attacked by predators

“historical alibi”

Hobbes, Thomas

Hochschild, Adam

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr.

Holocaust. See also genocide and zoocide

Höss, Rudolf

human exceptionalism. See also anthropocentrism; human supremacism; speciesism

human life and animal life opposition between

as “priceless”

human problems and animal exploitation

human supremacism. See also anthropocentrism; human exceptionalism; speciesism

humanism

“inclusive” vs. “exclusive”

metaphysical

humanist chauvinism

“humanist” duties toward animals

humans and animals

dissimilarity between

as fellow beings or something different

resemblance between

Hume, David

hunters

as protectors of nature

hunting

dolphins

with hounds

for pleasure/“sport”

See also poaching

Iceland

ideas, power of

Ikhwan al-Safa (Pure Brethren)

imitative instinct

“indirect duties” to humans, duties toward animals as

industrial animal breeding

harmful effects

out of sight, out of mind

the real face of

See also meat; slaughterhouses; specific topics

Ingold, Tim

INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research)

Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. See INRA

instrumentalist view of animals

critiques of

See also animals: viewed as means to an end

instrumentalization of animals

abolition of

and instrumentalization of the world as a whole

intelligence, superior human

and the right to exploit animals

See also continuum of living beings; mental faculties of animals

International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights

Islam

ivory trade

Jainism

Janet, Paul

Japan

Jeangène Vilmer, Jean-Baptiste

Jesus Christ

Jews. See also Holocaust

Joy, Melanie

Judaism

judgment

animals’ capacity for, (see also mental faculties of animals)

See also moral judgment

Jurek, Scott

Kant, Immanuel

on animals

categorical imperative

criticisms of

on ethics

on lying

Karuna-Shechen

Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC)

Kephart, Kenneth

killing animals

“humanely”

as part of our ancestral traditions

Klimecki, Olga

Kojemiakine, Vladimir

Kook, Isaac

kosher slaughter

Kroeber, Alfred

Kundera, Milan

Kymlicka, Will

La Fontaine, Jean

La Mettrie, Julien Offray de

LaCapra, Dominick

Laffont, Auguste

Lamartine, Alphonse de, Lambin, Éric

Lanjouw, Annette

Lankavatara Sutra

Lappé, Frances Moore

Larue, Renan

Lautard, Henri

legislation

inadequate and barely enforced laws

Leiris, Michel

Lennox, Margaret A.

Lepeltier, Thomas

Lépine, Louis

Lestel, Dominique

Lévi-Strauss, Claude

Lewis, Carl

life, struggle for, as part of the laws of nature

Linzey, Andrew

Long, Alan

“love your neighbor as yourself”

Luke, Brian

macaques

Malebranche, Nicolas

Malthus, Thomas Robert

Mānava-Dharmaśāstra (“Laws of Manu”)

Mandeville, Bernard de

Marguénaud, Jean-Pierre

on animal experimentation

European directives and

Masataka, Nobuo

massacre

defined

See also genocide and zoocide

Matsuzawa, Tetsuro

McIntosh, Michael

meat

alleged to be necessary for health

and human health

for rich countries costs a lot for poor countries

terminology for (see euphemistic language)

media, keeping industrial meat production out of the

mental faculties of animals

Darwin on

See also empathy; intelligence

mentaphobia

Meslier, Jean

metaphysical humanism

methane emissions

Meyer, Jean Marie

Midgley, Mary

Mill, John Stuart

Miller, Bode

monkeys

capuchin

Monod, Théodore

Monod, Wilfred

Monroe, Kristen

Monson, Shaun

Moore, John Howard

moral agents and moral patients

moral behavior in animals

moral judgment. See also ethics

moral sense, turning off our

moral sense theory. See sentimentalism morality

as an ability that comes from evolution

See also ethics; specific topics

Morris, Desmond

Moses, Edwin

nature

humans as having extracted themselves from

laws of

Navratilova, Martina

negationism. See also denial Nepal

Nerson, Roger

Neumann, Jean-Marc

neutrality, effects of

Newton, Isaac

nitrous oxide emissions

nociception

nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) dedicated to protection of the environment and animals, rise of

nonviolent resistance, principle of

Nordmann, Jean-François

Nouët, Jean-Claude

Nouvian, Claire

Nowak, Martin

Nussbaum, Martha

O’Barry, Richard

oceans, “ecocide” in

Onfray, Michel

organic vs. traditional breeding

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

Orthodox Church

“other”

Ovid

Oxford Group

Pachauri, Rajendra Kumar

pain, animals feeling. See also anesthesia; suffering

Parmentier, Rémi

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA)

Perdue, Frank

pesticides. See also organic vs. traditional breeding

Petit, Benoît

philosophers

vegetarianism and

philosophy, Western

pig farms, industrial

pigeons, mental faculties of

pigs, characteristics associated with

Pius XII, Pope

Plato

Plutarch

poaching

Porcher, Jocelyne

on the analogy with Nazi extermination camps

on industrial animal breeding

INRA and

Porphyry

possession

predatory behavior, as part of the laws of nature

Primatt, Humphrey

protein sources

Pure Brethren (Ikhwan al-Safa)

Pythagoras

Rabia al-Adawiyya

Rachels, James

racism. See speciesism, racism, and sexism

rationalist philosophers

rationalization and cognitive distance

reason and human kindness, an appeal to

reciprocity, rights and

red meat consumption and health

Regan, Tom

on animal experimentation

on animal rights

criticisms of Kant

equal consideration, equal rights, and

respect, value, and

on similarities between animals and humans

religions of the book. See also Christianity; Islam; Judaism

Renaut, Alain

Rensch, Bernhard

respect

lack of

right to

See also specific topics

respectful coexistence

rhinoceros, empathy in

rhinoceros horns, the craze for

rights

conceptions of

need to be conscious to have

and reciprocity

See also animal rights; duties toward animals

Robinson, Jill

Rockström, Johan

Rollin, Bernard

Roman Empire

Rome, Treaty of

Rosen, David

Rouget, Patrice

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques

Runcie, Robert

Russell, Bertrand

Russell, William

Ryder, Richard

Sacks, Jonathan

sacrifice, animal

sacrifice, human

Saint-Pierre, Bernardin de

Salt, Henry Stephens

Sartre, Jean-Paul

Satyagraha

Schopenhauer, Arthur

Schweitzer, Albert

scientific research, freedom of

“scientific” vegetarianism

scientists. See also experimentation

sea creatures. See also fishing

Sémelin, Jacques

“sentient being,” defining

sentimentalism

Serpell, James

sexism. See speciesism, racism, and sexism

shame

Shantideva

shark fins, the craze for

sharks

Shaw, George Bernard

Shelley, Percy Bysshe

Sherrington, Charles

Sichuan Forestry Department

Sidgwick, Henry

silence, effects of

Sinclair, Upton

Singer, Isaac Bashevis

Singer, Peter

on animal experimentation

Animal Liberation

animal liberation and

equal consideration, equal rights, and

on euphemisms

on speciesism

on vegetarianism

Singer, Wolf

Singh, Fauja

slaughter

freeing animals marked for

kosher

slaughterhouses

do not enter

exclusive concern about the bottom line

See also industrial animal breeding

slavery

abolition of

animal abuse compared with

principle elements of the practice of

Smith, Adam

Smith, Christopher

soul

Spain

species, unique abilities of each

speciesism

animal experimentation and

Darwin and

defined

origin of the concept of

See also animal exploitation: excuses and justifications for; anthropocentrism; human exceptionalism; human supremacism

speciesism, racism, and sexism

anti-speciesism as containing a contradiction

respecting life and each species’ abilities and potentials

Spinoza, Baruch

Spira, Henry

Stich, Stephen

Strum, Shirley

Stuart, Tristram

suffering, animal

in bullfighting

denial of the capacity for and nature of

See also pain

Sufis

Sukhdev, Pavan

supremacism. See human supremacism Switzerland

Taine, Hippolyte

Taylor, Charles

technical slaughter

television, industrial meat production is never shown on

Thiruvalluvar

tiger skins

tigers

Tolstoy, Leo

torture of dogs

toxicity tests, animal

trolley problem

Tryon, Thomas

Tuchman, Barbara

Unbearable Lightness of Being, The (Kundera)

United Action for Animals

United Nations (UN)

utilitarianism

anthropocentric

value of human life and animal life

Varela, Francisco

Varma, Keshav

vegans and veganism

vegetarianism

in France

in India

Martin Gibert on

omnivores’ attitudes toward

Peter Singer on

philosophers and

rise of

“scientific”

“Vegetarianism and Its Enemies” (Larue)

vegetarians

“good” vs. “bad”

personality traits

veterinarians

Vick, Michael

virtue

ethics of

virtues, corrida as a way to cultivate noble

vitamin B12

Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet de

water resources. See fresh water reserves

welfarists vs. abolitionists

Wells, H. G.

whale chanting

whaling

wildlife trade, illegal

bleeding the ecology and martyring

animals

corruption, organized crime, and terrorist groups

craze for elephant tusks, rhinoceros horns, and shark fins

hot spots and pivotal points in

inadequate or barely enforced laws

mass losses during capture and transport

organizations concerned with

twilight of the tiger

Wildlife Trust of India (WTI)

Wirsenius, Stefan

Wolff, Francis

on animalism

on anti-speciesism

on bullfighting

on duties

fallacy of good company and

on mental faculties of animals

universal principles and

Yogashastras

Zaldívar Laguía, José Enrique

Zimbardo, Philip

Zola, Émile

zoocide. See genocide and zoocide

zoos

creating reserves and teaching animals to live in the wild again

as show prisons vs. Noah’s Arks

when the animals are no longer needed

Zozaya, Antonio