Index

A

Abhidhamma literature:

commentaries, xi–xii, 83, 111, 116

interrogations in (pañhāvāra), xiv

manuals, xxiv–xxv

and consciousness, states of, xxii

and dhamma theory, xvi–xvii

memorization of, xii–xiii

and Sāriputta, 50

subcommentaries (tikas), xii, 120

terminology of, 5, 115–16

time dimension in, 100

See also specific texts

Abhidhamma philosophy:

descriptive nature of, 21

elaboration of, xiii, xiv–xv, 16, 50, 51

twofold method of, 19–30, 43, 106

vitality of, xxiii, xxvii–xxviii, 17

Abhidhamma Piṭaka:

as Buddha’s Word, xiii, 2, 13–15, 50–51, 116

classification in, xvii–xix, 11

criticisms of, xxiii, 13

destruction of, ix, x

evolution of, ix–x, xiii–xv

and master lists (mātikās), xiv, 10, 51, 113

origin of, xiv, xv, 50–51

Sāriputta in, 50–51

suttas in, xiv, 116

translations of, vii, x, 1

on memory, 123

purposes of, xviii, xx, 4, 17

terminology of, 5, 12–13, 16

versions of, x, xv

See also Palī Abhidhamma Piṭaka

Abhidhamma Studies (Thera), vii–viii, xxii–xxv

Abhidhammattha–Saṅgaha

(Anuruddha), xii–xiii, 37, 83, 88, 91

Abhidharmakośa (Vasubandhu), x, 123

abhivinaya, xiv

absorption, factors of (jhānaṅga), 53–57

examination (vicāra), 32, 49, 54, 56–57, 61

pleasure (sukha), 32, 49, 54, 61–62, 72, 77

rapture (pīti), 32, 49, 54, 57, 61–62

thought (vitakka), 32, 49, 54, 56–57, 61, 66

and ethical qualities, 57

intensifying, 53–57, 61–62

rational, 54

See also jhāna; mental one-pointedness

abstinence, 34, 66, 70

Ācariya Ānanda, xii

Ācariya Anuruddha, xii, 49

Ācariya Buddhaghosa, xi–xii, 51, 116

Ācariya Dhammapāla, xii

accomplishment, bases of, xvii, xviii

actions, bodily, 34, 66, 70

actuality, xviii, 5, 16, 111, 114

aggregates (pañcakkhandhā):

and concept of existence, xvii

five aggregates, xvii, xviii, xix, 15, 21, 109

and potential defilements, 110

unwholesome, 120

in Vibhaṅga, x

aggregation, 22, 27, 95

agitation, 72

See also defilements

Ālokavihāra, Sri Lanka, xv

analytical methods, 27–30

Aṅguttara Nikāya (Kathāvatthu), x, xi, xxv, 77–78

Anupada Sutta, 7, 49–50, 84, 115–17

Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, xi

Anutika (Dhammapāla), xii

arisen (uppanna), meaning of, 107–12

Aśoka, King, xv

attention, xvi–xvii, 34, 49, 83–84

Atthasālinī (Buddhaghosa):

as commentary, xxii, 53

definitions in, 6, 22, 46, 120

on Dhammasaṅgaṇī, xi, 116

on List of Dhammas, 37–38, 46–47, 83, 89

format of, 37

on Abhidhamma, xiii, 14

on classifications, 46–47

on memory, 119–20

and pentad of sense-contact, 55

translation of, vii, xxvii

and wholesome actions, 70

B

Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli, viii

Bodhi Tree, xiii, 2, 14, 50

bondage (saṁsāra), xvii, xx, 67, 102, 109

Buddha:

enlightenment of, xiii, xxiv, 2

meditation of, xiii, 7

omniscience of, 13–14

supernormal powers of, 78

Buddha, teachings of, 16

and Abhidhamma, ix, xiii–xiv, 2, 13–15, 50

and dhammas, xviii

and mind/consciousness, xx, 8–9, 45, 46

on divisions of time, 105

on harmony, 63

on impermanence, 45

on meditation, xvi–xvii, 11

on philosophy of relations, 30, 46

on wisdom (paññā), xvi

purposes of, xx, 2

in suttas, 115–17

See also Dhamma

Buddhaghosa, xi–xii, 51, 116

Buddhist Publication Society (BPS), vii–viii, xxv

Buddhists:

Asian, x, 15, 16

early Indian, ix–xii

Western, vii, 16

Burma, vii, xxvii

C

calm (samatha), 40, 82, 85

cessation, 99, 100, 102–04

China, x

compassion (karunā), 34

concentration, 55

as faculty, 32, 61, 63, 66, 85

intensity of, 85–87

as path factor, 32, 40, 66, 67, 85

as spiritual power, 32, 85

as undistractedness, 82–83

See also mental one-pointedness

conditionality, modes of, 24, 28, 43, 53, 58, 94

conditionality, principle of, 22–23, 96

Confucius, 5

consciousness:

as aggregate, xvii, xviii, 48

as citta-iddhipāda, xviii

ethical qualities of, xxi, 33–34

factors common to all, 55, 121, 125

functional, xxi, 85

of infinite space, 104

kammic, 46, 100, 107, 108

consciousness, moment of:

duration of, 100

indivisibility of, 23

and meditation, 6–7

and memory, 121, 122

plurality of relations in, 46

consciousness:

realm of, 3

resultant, xxi, 85, 86, 108

sense, 35

in sense-contact pentad, 32, 49, 52, 58

supramundane, xxi, 72, 85

and time dimension, xxii, xxiv, 40, 90, 93–98, 100, 123

typology of, xx–xxii, 83, 129

unwholesome, 83, 85, 119

wholesome (good), 22, 31, 83, 85, 119

See also mind

continuity, 25, 95

craving, 2, 45, 109, 110

D

Davids, C. A. F. Rhys, Mrs., 115–17

decision (adhimokkha), 34, 49, 83, 84

defilements, xvii, xviii

anxiety, 74, 79

conceit (māna), 74

dogmatism, 74

as evil factors, 80

four taints (āsava), xvii, 79

ill will, 79

indulgence in jhāna, 11

potential, 109–11, 113–14

rigidity and sloth, 73, 79

ten fetters (saṁyojana), xvii, 65, 110

See also hindrances

delusion, xxi

non-delusion, 33, 35–36, 69

dependent origination, xxiv, 21, 24, 43, 96

desire:

covetousness, 33, 69

as craving, 2, 45, 109, 110

for ego-identity, 45

sensual, xviii, 75, 79, 110

for substantiality, 45

Dhamma:

and Abhidhamma, xxvii–xxviii, 15–17

and classification, xix

explanation of, 5

inner logic of, xiv

Nibbāna as goal of, xv, 15

summary statements of, 51

teachers of, 12–13

See also Buddha, teachings of

dhamma theory, xvi–xviii

dhammas:

analysis of, xviii

classification of, xvii, xviii, xix

See also List of Dhammas

conditional nature of, xvi, 41

explanation of, 40–41

lists of, 83, 84, 123

as ontological factors, xv

as “thing-events,” xvi, xvii, xix, 23

See also phenomena

Dhammasaṅgaṇī, x, 19

analytical approach of, x–xi, 26, 91

as Buddha’s Word, 8

and classifications, 1, 5, 123

attribute-mātikā, xv, xviii–xix, 113

“catalog of things,” 3, 105

“Enumeration of Phenomena,” 20, 21, 103

triads and dyads, xix, 10, 11–12, 78, 82–83, 110

See also List of Dhammas

commentary on. See Atthasālinī

Consciousness Chapter of, ix, xxii, 31, 34, 111

samaya in, 6

strands of thought in, xv–xvi

Summary Section of (Saṅgahavara), 38, 47, 53, 55, 88

translation of, vii, xxvii, 115

dharmas, 42–43, 106, 111

Dharmguptaka tradition, x

Dhātukathā, x, xi, xix

differentiation, 46, 60

dread, moral, 32–33, 64, 65–66, 70–71

E

effort, as path factor, xvii, 23, 32, 66

ego, 9, 25, 26

elements, xvii, xviii

in Abhidhamma Piṭaka, x

five cognitive, xxii

in Sutta Piṭaka, 15

energy:

as exertion, 82–83

intensity of, 87

kammic, 100–101, 108

as mental factor, 23, 32, 49, 61, 66, 67

as “quiet strength,” 72

relational, 29–30

as spiritual power, 32

as unceasing activity, 67, 72

enlightenment:

aids to, xvii–xviii

of Buddha, xiii, xxiv, 2

and Middle Way, 30

perfect (sammā sambodhi), 14

seven factors of, xvii

and tranquillity, 72, 77

equanimity, 49

as mental equipoise, 34, 60

ethical qualities:

indeterminate, xxi–xxii, 57, 86, 104

unwholesome, xxi

qualities excluded from, 119–20

roots of, xxi, 57, 75

wholesome, viii–ix, xxii

four planes of, xxi, 53, 56, 72

and fruits of liberation, xxi

roots of, 33, 35–36, 57, 69–70, 73

and supramundane paths, xxi, 65, 69, 82

and ways of action, 33, 69, 70

in attribute-mātikā, xix

and intention (cetanā), 76

and List of Dhammas, 35

stabilization of, 65–66

and time dimension, 95, 103–04

Europe, continental, vii

exertion (paggāha), 34, 82–83

existence:

conceptualization of, xvii

and dhamma theory, xvi

factors of, xix

relational, 28

experience:

analysis of, xxiii

elements of, xvii, xviii, xix

inductive understanding of, 6

and mind/consciousness, xx

ontological actualities in, xviii

time dimension in, xxii, xxiv

See also phenomena

F

faculties (indriya), 58–63

dominating tendency of, 67, 89, 90

ethical value of, 61

five spiritual, xvii, 61–62, 64, 65, 66–67

harmonization of, 63, 67, 81

listed, 32

faith (saddha):

devotion and self-surrender in, 73

as mental factor, 32, 61, 63, 67, 119

as spiritual power, 32, 64, 65

feeling, xix, xxii, 32, 48, 49, 52, 54

formless sphere, xxi, 102

four formless absorptions, 102–03

four noble paths, xxi

Four Noble Truths, 15

Fraurwallner, Erich, viii, xix

G

German language, vii, xxv, xxvii

greed, xxi, 107

non-greed, 33, 35, 69

guardians of the world (lokapala), 33, 65–66, 70–71

H

habits, 10, 36, 41, 62–63, 73

happiness:

mundane, xx

as pleasure (sukha), 54, 61, 72, 77

hatred, xxi, 75

non-hatred, 33, 35, 69, 73

The Heart of Buddhist Meditation (Thera), xxv

Hīnayāna tradition, 42

See also Sarvāstivāda school

hindrances (nīvarana):

doubt (vicikicchā), 65, 79

five hindrances, xvii

hatred, xxi, 75

sensual desire, xviii, 75, 79, 110

House of Gems (ratanaghara), xiii, 2

human realm, xiii

I

ignorance, 4

ill will, 79

non-ill-will, 33, 69

impermanence (aniccatā), 9, 23, 106

India, ix–xii, 1, 8

indifference, 60

insight:

development of, xvi, 11

graduated practice of, 25

and liberation, 9, 12

and mental factors, 40, 57, 72

and selflessness, 9

insubstantiality, 23, 26, 27, 106

intention, 34, 57, 59, 76, 83, 84

Island Hermitage Publications, vii

J

jhāna:

attainment of, 11, 57

as meditative absorption, 7, 11, 82

of Sāriputta, 49, 50, 53

jhāna consciousness, xxi, 49, 55, 56, 72

joy:

as emotional value, 31, 35

as mental faculty, 32, 60–62, 72

sympathetic, 34

K

kamma:

maturation of, 29, 100

as mental action, 70

mundane moral law of, xxi

rebirth-producing, 44, 46

results of, xix, xxi, 108–09, 110

and ways of action, 70

kammic value/quality. See ethical qualities

Kant, Emmanuel, 20

Kassapa, King, 1

Kathāvatthu, x, xi

Khandha-vibhaṅga, 54

knowledge:

in Dhammasaṅgaṇī, 31, 35

as liberating function, 3, 16–17

as non-delusion, 35–36, 69

of self, xx

L

Lao-tse, 73

Ledi Sayadaw, xxvii

life stream, flux of, 27, 29, 91

List of Dhammas, 31–36

in Abhidhammattha-Saṅgaha, 37, 83, 88, 90–91

in Anupada Sutta, 116

in Dhammasaṅgaṇī, 37–38, 88, 90–91

general remarks on, 37–48

and memory, 119–23

parallel factors in, 37–38, 46, 54, 60, 84–92

in Visuddhimagga, 37, 83, 88, 90–91

See also specific mental factors

livelihood, 34, 66

M

Madhyamika school (Mahāyāna), 43

Mahā Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta, 49, 50

Mahavihara, Great Monastery, xi

Mahāyāna tradition, 42–43, 84, 123

Majjhima Nikāya, 106, 116

material form (matter):

as aggregate, xvii

and kammic energy, 100–101

scientific analysis of, 26, 46

mātikās, xiv, xv, xviii–xix, 10, 51, 113

meditation, xxv

and “bare attention,” xvi–xvii

of Buddha, xiii, 7

helpers for, 34, 82

insight, 9

and Abhidhamma theory, xii, xxiv, 17

investigation of, xii

subjects of, 11–12

introspective, 6–7

misinterpretation in, xxiii, 10–11

and “paired combination,” 40, 82

subjects of, 51

and tranquillity, 11

See also cessation

memorization, xiii, xiv

memory (smṛti), 119–23

mental formations, xvii, 48, 84

mental one-pointedness (cittass’ekaggatā):

as concentration, 54–55, 61, 85

as factor of absorption, 40, 55, 6–57, 62, 72

as mental factor, 32, 49

middle path, 79, 81, 83, 96

Middle Way, 30

Milinda, King, 7, 52

Milindapañha, 7, 52, 84

mind (citta):

clarity of, 34, 60, 69, 81

as faculty, xvii, xviii, 32, 62

and kammic energy, 101

and phenomenology, 6

purification of (bhāvanā), 80–81

synthesizing by, xvi–xvii

training of, xx, 4, 6–7, 10

velocity of processes in, 100

See also consciousness; qualitative mental factors

mindfulness (sati):

cultivation of, 12, 60

as faculty, 32, 61, 63, 66, 119–20

four foundations of, xvii, xviii, 119

as helper (upakāraka), 34, 81

introspective, 6–7

and jhāna consciousness, 49

as path factor, xviii, 12, 32, 66, 119

as spiritual power, 32

monastic discipline, xiii, xiv

Mulatika (Ānanda), xii, 41, 54, 73, 82, 107

Myanmar, x, xiii

N

neither-perception-nor-nonperception, 102–03

Nettippakaraṇa, 51–52, 84

Nibbāna:

attainment of, xv, xxi, 15

as dhamma, xvi, 20

and liberation, xx, xxi

nature of, xvi, xviii, 20, 104

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 3

Noble Eightfold Path, xviii, 56, 68

See also path factors

non-covetous action (anabhijjhā), 33, 69

non-delusion (amoha), 33, 35–36, 69

non-greed (alobha), 33, 35, 69

non-hatred (adosa), 33, 35, 69, 73

non-ill-will (avyāpāda), 33, 69

Nyanaponika Thera, vii–viii, x, xv, xxii–xxiv

Nyanatiloka Mahāthera, vii, xxv, 15, 19

O

ontology:

and dhamma theory, xvi

versus phenomenology, xvi, 19

P

Paccayākāravibhaṅga, 24

Palī, India, x, 1

Palī Abhidhamma Piṭaka (Theravāda version):

and memory, 123

seven treatises of, x–xi

and attribute-mātikā, xix

commentaries on, xi

See also specific treatises

survival of, xiii

and ultimate actualities, xviii

Palī Canon, xv, 19

Palī language, xi, 31

Pañcappakaraṇa-aṭṭhakathā

(Buddhaghosa), xi

Pāṭaliputta, Mauryan empire, xv

path factors (maggaṅga), 23, 66–69

liberating function of, 67, 70, 89, 90

listed, 32, 66

and value-attribution, 67, 70

and The Way, 68–69

Paṭisambhidāmagga, 59, 116

Paṭṭhāna (“Book of Origination”), 19

as Buddha’s Word, 8

commentary on, xi

and conditional relations, xix, 3, 22, 24, 26, 28, 53, 90

and master lists (mātikās), 113

synthetic approach of, x–xi, xxiii, 26, 92

tabular arrangement of, 1

Pëlëne Vajirañāna Mahāthera, 16

perception, xxii

as aggregate, xvii, 32, 48

and analysis of objects, 29, 35

duration of, 100

and memory, 120–23

neither-perception-nor-nonperception, 102–03

in sense-contact pentad, xvii, 32, 48, 49, 52, 120

personality, 3, 62, 97

phenomena:

classification of, xi, xvii, 20

conditional nature of, xi, xxiii, 28, 90

corporeal, 20, 53–54, 57, 58, 59, 61

dependent origination of, xxiv, 21

egolessness of, 26

exclusions from, 104

incorporeal, 83

material, xviii, xxii, 100–101

See also dhammas; experience

phenomenology:

and mind, 6

versus ontology, xvi, 19

Platonic theory, 40, 43

pleasure, xviii, 32, 49, 54, 61–62, 72, 77

potentialities, 55, 90, 112–13

power:

four roads to (iddhipada), 59

psychic (iddhividha), 57, 59

supernormal, 78

powers (bala), 32, 63–66

five spiritual, xvii, 62, 69, 85

listed, 32

stability of, 64–65

Puggalapaññatti, x, xi

Q

qualitative mental factors, 33, 71–81

agility, 33, 72–73, 74, 76–77

pliancy, 33, 73–74, 76, 78, 79

proficiency, 33, 75, 77

tranquillity, 33, 71–72, 74, 76, 77

uprightness, 33, 75–76, 78

workableness, 33, 74–75, 76, 79

Atthasālinī on, 119

relations among, 76–77, 80–81

in suttas, 77–80

See also consciousness

R

Rāhula-saṁyutta, 49

reality:

as actuality, xviii, 5, 16, 111, 114

and dissolution, 45

escape from, 17

fabrication of, xvi–xvii

in present time, 27–30

psychic, 38

systematization of, 2–4, 113

realm of matter, 102

rebirth, 44

downward, 56, 57

formative powers of, 70

higher, xx, 57, 63

and kammic consciousness, 46

and states of mind, xx, 44, 56

relations:

external, 23

in List of Dhammas, 46, 47–48, 90, 91

as “unity of the continuous flux,” 91

internal, 23

in List of Dhammas, 46, 89, 90

as “unity of experience,” 91

philosophy of, 22–30, 46

relativity, principle of, 43

right view, as path factor, 24, 32, 33, 66, 69

Russell, Bertrand, 3, 94

S

samaya, meanings of, 6, 22, 94–95 See also time

Sammādiṭṭha Sutta, 52, 84

Sammoha vinodanī (Buddhaghosa), xi

Saṁyutta Nikayā, Mahāvagga, 51

Saṅgaha, xii–xiii, 37, 83, 88, 91

Sangha, xiv, xv

Saṅgīti Sutta, 78

Sanskrit, translations of, x

Śāriputra-abhidharma-śāstra, x

Sāriputta:

and analytical insight, 49–50

as chief disciple, xiii, 15, 115

elaboration by, 50, 51

meditation of, 7, 11

on mind (nāma), 84

Sarvāstivāda school (Hīnayāna):

and Abhidhamma Piṭaka, x, xv

on dhammas, 40, 42–43, 84, 123

on time dimension, 106, 111

Satipaṭṭhāna method, 25, 82

Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta, 25, 52

self-knowledge, xx

selflessness (anattā), xvii, xxiv, 2–10, 23, 26, 43

sense bases, x, xvii, xviii, 15

sense-contact, pentad of, 32, 48–53

and ethical qualities, 57

listed, 32

in Palī literature, 51–53

primitive character of, 54, 55

in suttas, 48–51

sense-contact (phassa), xxii, 32, 49, 52

sensual pleasures, xviii

sensual sphere, xxi, 31, 35, 53, 56, 72

shame, moral, 32–33, 64, 65–66, 70–71

Sinhalese commentaries, xi

soul, concept of, 3, 8–9, 26

speech, 34, 66, 70

sphere of form, xxi, 53, 56, 72

sphere of values, 70

spontaneous occurrence, 31, 35–36, 75

Sri Lanka, vii, x, xi, xiii, xv, 1

subconscious, 55

suffering, xvii, xx, 2, 4

supplementary factors:

listed, 34

in literature, 91

Sutta Piṭaka:

Aṅguttara Nikāya, x, xxv, 77–78

as Buddha’s Word, ix, xvi, 13, 15, 50

classifications in, xix

compared to Abhidhamma, xiii, 15–16, 48–51

and consciousness, xxii, 7

daily guidance in, 5

interpretation of, xii

origins of, xiii

and qualitative mental factors, 77

as reference, 17

selflessness in, 9

and spiritual faculties, 58

systematization of, 3, 12

terminology of, 115–16

Sutta-nipata, 78

T

Tathāgata, 13

Tavatiṁsa heaven, xiii, 15, 50

Thailand, x

Theragāthā, in Sutta Piṭaka, 49, 51

Theravāda tradition:

countries of, x

and mental factors, 42–43, 84

and Nyanaponika Thera, vii–viii, x, xv, xxii–xxiv

philosophy of, xxvii–20

texts and literature of, xi–xv

and things arisen, 111

See also Palī Abhidhamma Piṭaka

thought:

as factor of absorption, 32, 49, 54, 56–57, 61, 66

as path factor, 9–10, 32, 66

“Three Baskets of the Doctrine,” ix, 1

three realms, 20

time dimension:

in Abhidhamma literature, 100

in analysis of objects, 28–30, 107, 123

and consciousness, xxii, xxiv, 90, 93–98, 123

and ethical qualities, 95, 103–04

time experience, 103

time (samaya):

continuum of, 106

meanings of, 94–95

three divisions of, 42, 94, 97, 105–06, 111, 114

Tipiṭaka, ix, 1

tranquillity, 11, 33, 71–72, 74, 76, 77

“Treatise on the Modes of

Conditionality,” 24

U

undistractedness (avikkhepa), 82–83, 85

V

Vaibhāshika. See Sarvāstivāda school

Vajirārāma Monastery, 16

Vasubandhu, x

Vibhaṅga, x

classifications in, xix

commentary to, xi, 100

conditional relations in, 24

Vijayabāhu, King, 1

Vijñānavādin school (Mahāyāna), 84, 123

Vinaya Piṭaka, ix, xii, xiii, 13

Visuddhimagga (Buddhaghosa), xii

as applied Abhidhamma, xii

format/terminology of, 37, 116

List of Dhammas in, 83, 88, 90

on graduated practice, 25

on potential defilements, 110

vitality, 32, 60–62

volition, xxii, 9, 32, 49, 52

W

Ward, James, 37, 89

Wheel of Dhamma, 13

Wheel of Life, 70

wisdom, 119

condition for emergence of, xvi as faculty, 32, 61, 63, 66

as keenness of intellect, 61, 67

as non-delusion, 69

as reason, 63

as spiritual power, 32

world systems, xiii, 15

World War II, vii

Y

Yamaka, x, xi, 5, 1