NOTES
Introduction
1 Julius Lester, “To Recapture the Dream,” in
Takin’ It to the Streets: A Sixties Reader, eds. Alexander Bloom and Wini Breines (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 632.
Chapter One: The Whole Wide World Is Watchin’
1 For accounts of the 1963 March on Washington see Taylor Branch,
Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-64 (New York: Touchstone/Simon & Schuster, 1988), 869-887; Manning Marable,
Race, Reform and Rebellion: The Second Reconstruction in Black America, 1945-1990 ( Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1991), 213-227; David J. Garrow,
Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (London: Jonathan Cape, 1988), 281-286; and John Lewis with Michael D’Orso,
Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 213-227.
2 Elijah Wald,
Josh White: Society Blues (New York: Routledge, 2002), 160.
3 For Dylan at the March on Washington see Robert Shelton,
No Direction Home: The Life and Music of Bob Dylan (London: New English Library, 1986); Clinton Heylin,
Bob Dylan: Behind the Shades: The Biography—Take Two (London: Viking, 2000), 125; Howard Sounes,
Down the Highway: The Life of Bob Dylan (London: Doubleday, 2001), 140; and David Hajdu,
Positively 4th Street: The Lives and Times of Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, Mimi Baez Fariña, and Richard Fariña (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001), 182-183.
5 George Frazier, “Whose Civil Rights?,”
Boston Herald Traveler (August 30, 1963).
7 See Bob Dylan interview by Cameron Crowe, notes for
Bob Dylan: Biograph (Columbia Records, 1985).
9 Malcolm Cowley,
Exile’s Return: A Literary Odyssey of the 1920s (London: Peter Smith, 1983; first edition, 1951).
10 Woody Guthrie,
Bound for Glory (New York: Plume, 1983; first edition, New York: EP Dutton, 1943), 177-178.
14 Woody Guthrie, notes in
Hard Hitting Songs for Hard-Hit People, compiled by Alan Lomax (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999; first edition, New York: Oak Press, 1967), 342.
15 Richard A. Reuss with Joanne C. Reuss,
American Folk Music and Left-Wing Politics, 1927-1957 (London: Scarecrow Press, 2000), 210.
17 Alan Lomax,
Selected Writings 1934-1997, ed. Ronald D. Cohen (New York: Routledge, 2003), 57.
21 See Charles Shaar Murray,
Boogie Man: The Adventures of John Lee Hooker in the American Twentieth Century (London: Viking, 1999).
23 Lomax,
Selected Writings, 89.
25 For the best account of the Almanac Singers and the politics of the first folk revival, see Reuss, 147-178.
29 As quoted in Paul Allen Anderson,
Deep River: Music and Memory in Harlem Renaissance Thought (Durham: Duke University Press, 2001), 237. Anderson’s chapter, “Jazz Criticism in the Swing Era,” considers Hammond’s Spirituals to Swing concert in depth.
30 See “A Booklet of Essays, Appreciations and Annotations Pertaining to the
Anthology of American Folk Music, edited by Harry Smith,” included in the reissue of the
Anthology by Smithsonian Folkways Recordings, Washington, D.C. (1997).
31 Harry Smith, original notes published with the
Anthology of American Folk Music, included in Smithsonian Folkways Reissue, 2.
32 “A Booklet of Essays,” 59.
33 Allen Ginsberg,
Collected Poems, 1947-1980 (New York: Harper and Row, 1984), 146-148.
34 Lomax,
Selected Writings, 195.
36 Biograph notes, 30-35.
37 Theodor Adorno,
The Jargon of Authenticity, trans. Knut Tarnowski and Frederic Will (London: Routledge, 2003), 3-6.
38 Alan Lomax,
The Land Where the Blues Began (New York: The New Press, 2002; first edition, New York: Pantheon, 1993), 12-17.
42 “From ‘The Izzy Young Notebooks,’” i
n The Bob Dylan Companion: Four Decades of Commentary, ed. Carl Benson (New York: Schirmer Books, 1998), 4.
45 As quoted in Craig Werner,
A Change Is Gonna Come: Music, Race and the Soul of America (Edinburgh: Canongate, 2000), 12.
46 On freedom songs, see Branch, 290, 531-32; Werner, 11-15; Brian Ward,
Just My Soul Responding: Rhythm and Blues, Black Consciousness and Race Relations (London: UCL Press, 1998), 202-203, 269-271. Also
Sing for Freedom: The Story of the Civil Rights Movement Through Its Songs (Smithsonian/Folkways CD SF 40032.)
47 We Shall Overcome: The Song That Moved a Nation, video, 1989. Producers: Jim Brown, Ginger Brown, Harold Levanthal, and George Stoney; Director: Jim Brown.
50 Interview in
They Should Have Served That Cup of Coffee: Seven Radicals Remember the Sixties, ed. Dick Cutler (Boston: South End Press, 1979), 11-31.
52 Interview in
Sing Out! October/November 1962, reprinted in Benson, 65.
54 Todd Gitlin,
The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage (New York: Bantam Books, revised edition, 1993), 86-97; Fred Halstead,
Out Now: A Participant’s Account of the American Movement Against the Vietnam War (New York: Monad Press, 1978), 7-20; and Terry H. Anderson,
The Movement and the Sixties: Protest in America from Greensboro to Wounded Knee (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995); 58-60.
55 Agnes “Sis” Cunningham and Gordon Friesen,
Red Dust and Broadsides: A Joint Autobiography, ed. Ronald D. Cohen (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999), 273-301; Heylin, 90-92.
56 Heylin, 116-117; Sounes, 130-131.
57 Heylin, 93. See also Sounes, 114-115;
Biograph, 43.
58 Daniel Wolff,
You Send Me: The Life and Times of Sam Cooke (London: Virgin, 1996), 243.
60 Gitlin, 111-126; Kirkpatrick Sale,
SDS (New York: Vintage, 1974), 49-70; Bloom and Breines, 61-74.
64 Sam Aaronovitch, “The American Threat to British Culture,”
Arena: A Magazine of Modern Literature (June/July 1951), 3-22.
65 Raphael Samuels,
Theatres of Memory (London: Verso, 1994), 206-207.
66 Lomax,
Selected Writings, 135-138.
67 As quoted in C. P. Lee,
Like the Night: Bob Dylan and the Road to the Manchester Free Trade Hall (London: Helter Skelter, 1998), 32-35.
69 A chat with Martin Carthy by Matthew Zuckerman, in
Isis: A Bob Dylan Anthology, ed. Derek Barker (London: Helter Skelter, 2001), 55-62. For Dylan in London 1962-63, see also Derek Barker, “One Time in London,” in
Isis, 49-54; Heylin, 105-111.
70 Ewan MacColl, “Contemporary Song,” in
Sing Out! (September 1965);
Bob Dylan: The Early Years, a Retrospective, ed. Craig McGregor (New York: Da Capo Press, 1990), 91-92.
72 Bloom and Breines, 223.
73 Martin Luther King, Jr., “Letter from a Birmingham City Jail,” in
A Testament of Hope, Essential Writings of Martin Luther King, Jr., ed. James M. Washington (San Francisco. HarperCollins, 1991), 293.
76 For an account of the struggle in Greenwood see Branch, 714-725.
77 On Dylan in Greenwood see Shelton, 170-179; Sounes, 133-134; “Northern Folk Singers Help Out at Negro Festival in Mississippi,”
New York Times article, as quoted in McGregor, 38.
78 Shelton 179-180; Heylin, 121.
Chapter Two: Not Much Is Really Sacred
1 For Dylan at the ECLC dinner, see Shelton, 200-205. The full transcript of Dylan’s speech, Corliss Lamont’s letter in defense of Dylan, and Dylan’s free-verse apology can be found on
http://www.corliss-lamont.org/dylan.htm.
2 See Mike Marqusee,
Redemption Song: Muhammad Ali and the Spirit of the Sixties (London: Verso, 1999).
3 Sale, 106; Gitlin, 198.
5 For Dylan’s February 1964 road trip see Shelton, 239-251; Heylin, 145-149; Sounes, 146-149.
6 Michael Gray,
Song and Dance Man III: The Art of Bob Dylan (London: Continuum, 2000), 81.
7 Nat Hentoff, “The Crackin’, Shakin’, Breakin’ Sounds,” in McGregor, 47-59.
8 Irwin Silber, “An Open Letter to Bob Dylan,”
Sing Out! (November 1964); McGregor, 66-70; Benson, 26-29.
12 For Mississippi Summer, see Lewis 241-274; Bloom and Breines, 34-39.
13 Bloom and Breines, 42-43.
15 Mark Kemp, “Song of a Soldier: The Life and Times of Phil Ochs,” in
Farewells and Fantasies 3 (CD box set), Elektra, 1997. On Ochs and
Broadside see also: Cunningham and Friesen,
passim.
16 On Ochs and Dylan see Shelton, 259; Heylin, 234.
17 Quoted in Hajdu, 201-202. An edited version appears in Shelton, 359.
19 Peter Burns,
Curtis Mayfield: People Never Give Up (London: Sanctuary, 2003), 12. On Mayfield see also Clive Anderson, Introduction to notes included with
Curtis Mayfield: Soul Legacy, compiled by Lawrence Roker (4 CD box set) Charly, 2001; and Ward, 276, 298-299; Werner, 144-151.
20 Leroi Jones,
Black Music, 1967, excerpt in
The Leroi Jones/Amiri Baraka Reader, ed. William J. Harris (New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1991), 207.
21 Interview in
Soul magazine, 1969, quoted in Ward, 414.
23 John Berger,
Ways of Seeing, 1972.
24 Accounts of Selma march in Lewis, 301-347; Marable, 80-81; Garrow 378-414.
27 For Ginsberg in Prague see Barry Miles,
Ginsberg: A Biography (London: Viking, 1990), 353-368; “Big Beat,” Ginsberg,
Poems, 349.
28 “Kral Majales,” Ginsberg,
Poems, 353.
29 On the International Poetry Festival at Albert Hall, see Jonathon Green,
Days in the Life: Voices from the English Underground, 1961-1971 (London: Pimlico, 1998; first edition 1988), 63-74. See also Miles, 369-372.
30 Michael Horovitz, “Afterwords,” in
Children of Albion: Poetry of the “Underground” in Britain, ed. Michael Horovitz (London: Penguin, 1968).
32 “Who Be Kind To,” Ginsberg,
Poems, 359.
Chapter Three: Little Boy Lost
1 Sale, 185-193; Gitlin, 179-186, 242; Halstead, 24-44.
2 Bloom and Breines, 219.
3 Sale, 221-223, Gitlin 186-187.
5 Heylin, 206. For accounts of Dylan at Newport 1965 see Heylin, 206-216; Sounes 180-184; Shelton 301-304.
9 Dylan interview by Nora Ephron and Susan Edmiston, in McGregor, 89-90.
12 In D. A. Pennebaker’s
Don’t Look Back (1967).
15 Bloom and Breines, 633-634.
16 Erich Auerbach,
Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, trans. Willard R. Trask, (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1953), 11-12.
18 “Just Like a Woman,” Barbara Goscza, can be found on
May Your Song Always Be Sung: The Songs of Bob Dylan, Vol. 2 (CD), BMG, 2001.
19 Theodor Adorno,
The Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass Culture, ed. J. M. Bernstein (London: Routledge Classic, 2001), 32, 37, 40, 46-47, 52, 53, 55.
22 Walter Benjamin,
One-Way Street and Other Writings, trans. Edmund Jephcott and Kingsley Shorter (London: New Left Books, 1979), 227; Larry “Ratso” Sloman,
Reefer Madness: A History of Marijuana (New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1998; original edition 1979), 84-101, 171-186.
23 Miles, 378-381; James Miller,
Flowers in the Dustbin: The Rise of Rock and Roll, 1947- 1977 (New York: Fireside/Simon & Schuster, 1999), 235-241.
24 Miles, 385-386, “Wichita Vortex Sutra,” Ginsberg,
Poems, 394-411.
25 Ginsberg, interview, 158.
27 “Interview with Mickey Jones,” in Barker, 96.
28 “Some Great Live Performances—Royal Albert Hall, May 27, 1966: Three Eyewitness Accounts Reconstructed,” in Barker, 107-114
29 Marable, 94; Lewis, 371.
31 Bloom and Breines, 634.
32 Heylin, 266-269; Shelton, 371-375; Sounes, 216-218.
Chapter Four: The Hour Is Getting Late
1 As quoted in Horovitz, 365.
2 Martin Luther King,
Where Do We Go from Here? Chaos or Community (London: Penguin, 1969).
3 Andrew Kopkind,
The Thirty Years War: Dispatches and Diversions of a Radical Journalist, 1965-1994 (London: Verso, 1995), 87.
9 Jerry Rubin,
Do It! excerpt in Bloom and Breines, 325.
11 Bobby Seale, Seiz
e the Time: The Story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton (Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1991; original edition Random House, 1971), 183-187.
12 Greil Marcus.
Invisible Republic: Bob Dylan’s Basement Tapes (London: Picador, 1997), 124.
14 “Conversations with Bob Dylan,” interview by John Cohen and Happy Traum,
Sing Out! (October-November 1968) in McGregor, 291.
17 Interview 1968, in Allen Ginsberg,
Spontaneous Mind: Selected Interviews 1958-1996, ed. David Carter (London: Penguin, 2001), 143-154.
19 Sing Out! interview in McGregor, 280.
22 Jon Landau,
John Wesley Harding, Crawdaddy, 1968, in McGregor, 260.
25 Sing Out! interview, in McGregor, 265-294.
27 On the events in Chicago 1968, see Anderson, 214-226; Gitlin 326-336; Abe Peck,
Uncovering the Sixties: The Life and Times of the Underground Press (New York: Citadel Press, 1991), 111-119. For Ochs at Chicago see Kemp, 42.
32 On the Weathermen see Sale, 557-599; Gitlin, 385-400; Ron Jacobs,
The Way the Wind Blew: A History of the Weather Underground (London: Verso, 1997).
33 Sale, 480-481; Gitlin, 409.
37 Kopkind, 171-175; Peck, 177-180.
38 Charles Shaar Murray,
Crosstown Traffic: Jimi Hendrix and Post-War Pop (London: Faber and Faber, 2001), 32.
42 Sale, 600-615; Gitlin, 393-394.
43 Halstead, 491-521; Kopkind, 181-187.
44 Sale, 626-630; Jacobs, 84-89.
46 See Jonathan Neale,
The American War: Vietnam, 1960-1975 (London: Bookmarks, 2001).
47 Bloom and Breines, 634.
Chapter Five: Corruptible Seed
1 Sinclair quoted in Fred Goodman,
The Mansion on the Hill: Dylan, Young, Springsteen and the Head-on Collision of Rock and Commerce (New York: Vintage, 1998), 284-285.
2 Eric Alterman,
It Ain’t No Sin to Be Glad You’re Alive: The Promise of Bruce Springsteen (Boston: Back Bay Books, 2001), 277-288.
3 Quoted in Alterman, 288.
6 Interview with Mikal Gilmore, 1985, in Benson, 181.
7 Isis, p. 39, issue 118, Dec 2004-Jan 2005.