METRIC CONVERSIONS

Metric Conversions

TO CONVERT:	TO:	MULTIPLY BY:
Inches	Millimeters	25.4
Inches	Centimeters	25.4
Feet	Meters	0.305
Yards	Meters	0.914
Square inches	Square centimeters	6.45
Square feet	Square meters	0.093
Square yards	Square meters	0.836
Ounces	Milliliters	30.0
Pints (U.S.)	Liters	0.473 (lmp. 0.568)
Quarts (U.S.)	Liters	0.946 (lmp. 1.136)
Gallons (U.S.)	Liters	3.785 (lmp. 4.546)
Ounces	Grams	28.4
Pounds	Kilograms	0.454

TO CONVERT:	TO:	MULTIPLY BY:
Millimeters	Inches	0.039
Centimeters	Inches	0.394
Meters	Feet	3.28
Meters	Yards	1.09
Square centimeters	Square inches	0.155
Square meters	Square feet	10.8
Square meters	Square yards	1.2
Milliliters	Ounces	.033
Liters	Pints (U.S.)	2.114 (lmp. 1.76)
Liters	Quarts (U.S.)	1.057 (lmp. 0.88)
Liters	Gallons (U.S.)	0.264 (lmp. 0.22)
Grams	Ounces	0.035
Kilograms	Pounds	2.2

Converting Temperatures

Convert degrees Fahrenheit (F) to degrees Celsius (C) by following this simple formula: Subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit temperature reading. Then, multiply that number by 5/9. For example, 77°F - 32 = 45. 45 × 5/9 = 25°C.

To convert degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit, multiply the Celsius temperature reading by 9/5. Then, add 32. For example, 25°C × 9/5 = 45. 45 + 32 = 77°F.

Metric Plywood Panels

Metric plywood panels are commonly available in two sizes: 1,200 mm × 2,400 mm and 1,220 mm × 2,400 mm, which is roughly equivalent to a 4 × 8-ft. sheet. Standard and Select sheathing panels come in standard thicknesses, while Sanded grade panels are available in special thicknesses.

STANDARD SHEATHING GRADE	SANDED GRADE
7.5 mm	(5/16 in.)
9.5 mm	(3/8 in.)
12.5 mm	(1/2 in.)
15.5 mm	(5/8 in.)
18.5 mm	(3/4 in.)
20.5 mm	(13/16 in.)
22.5 mm	(7/8 in.)
25.5 mm	(1 in.)
6 mm	(4/17 in.)
8 mm	(5/16 in.)
11 mm	(7/16 in.)
14 mm	(9/16 in.)
17 mm	(2/3 in.)
19 mm	(3/4 in.)
21 mm	(13/16 in.)
24 mm	(15/16 in.)

Lumber Dimensions

NOMINAL - U.S.	ACTUAL - U.S. (IN INCHES)	METRIC
1 × 2	3/4 × 11/2	19 × 38 mm
1 × 3	3/4 × 21/2	19 × 64 mm
1 × 4	3/4 × 31/2	19 × 89 mm
1 × 5	3/4 × 41/2	19 × 114 mm
1 × 6	3/4 × 51/2	19 × 140 mm
1 × 7	3/4 × 61/4	19 × 159 mm
1 × 8	3/4 × 71/4	19 × 184 mm
1 × 10	3/4 × 91/4	19 × 235 mm
1 × 12	3/4 × 111/4	19 × 286 mm
11/4 × 4	1 × 31/2	25 × 89 mm
11/4 × 6	1 × 51/2	25 × 140 mm
11/4 × 8	1 × 71/4	25 × 184 mm
11/4 × 10	1 × 91/4	25 × 235 mm
11/4 × 12	1 × 111/4	25 × 286 mm
11/2 × 4	11/4 × 31/2	32 × 89 mm
11/2 × 6	11/4 × 51/2	32 × 140 mm
11/2 × 8	11/4 × 71/4	32 × 184 mm
11/2 × 10	11/4 × 91/4	32 × 235 mm
11/2 × 12	11/4 × 111/4	32 × 286 mm
2 × 4	11/2 × 31/2	38 × 89 mm
2 × 6	11/2 × 51/2	38 × 140 mm
2 × 8	11/2 × 71/4	38 × 184 mm
2 × 10	11/2 × 91/4	38 × 235 mm
2 × 12	11/2 × 111/4	38 × 286 mm
3 × 6	21/2 × 51/2	64 × 140 mm
4 × 4	31/2 × 31/2	89 × 89 mm
4 × 6	31/2 × 51/2	89 × 140 mm

Liquid Measurement Equivalents

1 Pint	= 16 Fluid Ounces	= 2 Cups
1 Quart	= 32 Fluid Ounces	= 2 Pints
1 Gallon	= 128 Fluid Ounces	= 4 Quarts

Drill Bit Guide

Nails

Nail lengths are identified by numbers from 4 to 60 followed by the letter “d,” which stands for “penny.” For general framing and repair work, use common or box nails. Common nails are best suited to framing work where strength is important. Box nails are smaller in diameter than common nails, which makes them easier to drive and less likely to split wood. Use box nails for light work and thin materials. Most common and box nails have a cement or vinyl coating that improves their holding power.

LBS.	MM	IN.
20d	102 mm	4"
16d	89 mm	31/2"
10d	76 mm	3"
8d	64 mm	21/2"
6d	51 mm	2"
5d	44 mm	13/4"
4d	38 mm	11/2"

Counterbore, Shank & Pilot Hole Diameters
SCREW SIZE	COUNTERBORE DIAMETER FOR SCREW HEAD (IN INCHES)	CLEARANCE HOLE FOR SCREW SHANK (IN INCHES)	PILOT HOLE DIAMETER
			HARD WOOD (IN INCHES)	SOFT WOOD (IN INCHES)
#1	.146 (9/64)	5/64	3/64	1/32
#2	1/4	3/32	3/64	1/32
#3	1/4	7/64	1/16	3/64
#4	1/4	1/8	1/16	3/64
#5	1/4	1/8	5/64	1/16
#6	5/16	9/64	3/32	5/64
#7	5/16	5/32	3/32	5/64
#8	3/8	11/64	1/8	3/32
#9	3/8	11/64	1/8	3/32
#10	3/8	3/16	1/8	7/64
#11	1/2	3/16	5/32	9/64
#12	1/2	7/32	9/64	1/8