1. Smalley, 1, 2, 3 John, 56–57.
2. Andrew Persson, “Some Exegetical Problems in 1 John,” Notes on Translation 4, no. 4 (1990): 19.
3. Culy, I, II, III John, 31, 33.
4. Marshall, Epistles of John, 132.
5. For a fuller discussion of the sectarian character of John’s writings see Robert H. Gundry, Jesus the Word according to John the Sectarian (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002), 57–64.
6. BDAG, s.v. σκάνδαλον.
7. Dodd, Johannine Epistles, 34.
8. Burge, Letters of John, 102; Kruse, Letters of John, 86; Marshall, Epistles of John, 132; Smalley, 1, 2, 3, John, 62; Schuchard, 1–3 John, 194; Strecker, Johannine Letters, 53; Thompson, 1–3 John, 60–61.