1. The Times, 12 October 1843.
2. Quoted by Dr W. P. Alison, F.R.S.E., Fellow and late President of the Royal College of Physicians, etc., etc. Observations on the Management of the Poor in Scotland and its Effects on the Health of Great Towns, Edinburgh, 1840. The author is a religious Tory, brother of the historian, Archibald Alison.
3. Report to the Home Secretary from the Poor-Law Commissioners, on an Inquiry into the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Classes in Great Britian, with Appendix. Presented to both Houses of Parliament in July 1842,3 vols.
4. The Artisan, 1843, October issue. A monthly magazine.
5. J. C. Symons, Arts and Artisans at Home and Abroad, Edinburgh, 1839. The author, as it seems, himself a Scotchman, is a Liberal, and consequently fanatically opposed to every independent movement of working men. The passages here cited are to be found on p. 116 ff.
6. Compare Report of the Town Council in the Statistical Journal, Vol. 2, p. 404.
7. James Ph. Kay, M.D., The Moral and Physical Condition of the Working Class Employed in the Cotton Manufacture in Manchester, 2nd edn, 1832. Dr Kay confuses the working class in general with the factory workers, otherwise an excellent pamphlet.
8. ibid.
9. Nassau W. Senior, Letters on the Factory Act to the Rt. Hon., the President of the Board of Trade (Chas. Poulett Thomson, Esq.), London, 1837, p. 24.
10. Kay, op. cit., p. 32.
11. P. Gaskell, The Manufacturing Population of England: its Moral, Social and Physical Condition, and the Changes which have arisen from the Use of Steam Machinery; with an Examination of Infant Labour. Fiat Justitia, 1833. Depicting chiefly the state of the working class in Lancashire. The author is a Liberal, but wrote at a time when it was not a feature of Liberalism to chant the happiness of the workers. He is therefore unprejudiced, and can afford to have eyes for the evils of the present state of things, and especially for the factory system. On the other hand, he wrote before the Factories Inquiry Commission, and adopts from untrustworthy sources many assertions afterwards refuted by the Report of the Commission. This work, although on the whole a valuable one, can therefore only by used with discretion, especially as the author, like Kay, confuses the whole working class with the mill-hands. The history of the development of the proletariat contained in the introduction to the present work is chiefly taken from this work of Gaskell’s.
12. Thomas Carlyle, Chartism, London, 1840, p. 28.
13. Weekly Dispatch, April or May 1844, according to a report by Dr Southwood Smith on the condition of the poor in London.