Chapter 1
‘Of all the faubourg’s…’: see Charles Lefeuve, Histoire de Paris rue par rue, maison par maison (Paris 1875).
‘The Marquis de Bombelles…’: Journal (Geneva 1977), p. 143.
‘On 16 May…’: see Antonia Fraser, Marie Antoinette (London 2001).
‘In 1770…’: see Richard Cobb, Paris and Its Provinces (London 1975); Louis-Sebastien Mercier, Tableau de Paris (Paris 1979).
‘Unwanted children…’: see Claude Delasselle, ‘Les Enfants abandonnés au XVIIIième siècle’, Annales, Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations, Jan./Feb. 1975.
‘Much of the life of the capital…’: see Isabelle Backouche, La Trace du fleuve, la Seine et Paris 1750–1850 (Paris 2000).
‘To the west…’: see William Howard Adams, The French Garden 1500–1800 (London 1979).
‘Approaching the city…’: Stacy Schieff, A Great Improvisation: Franklin, France and the Birth of America (New York 2005), p. 45.
‘Food was glorious…’: Philip Mansel, Prince of Europe: The Life of Charles-Joseph de Ligne: 1735–1814 (London 2003), p. 53.
‘the Encyclopédistes…’: see Robert Darnton, The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in French Cultural History (New York 1984); Roy Porter and Marie Mulvey Roberts (eds), Pleasure in the 18th Century (London 1966).
‘In rooms that were…’: see Benedetta Craveri, The Art of Conversation (New York 2004).
‘the Duchesse de Mazarin…’: Mme de Genlis, Mémoires (Paris 2004), p. 183.
‘Rousseau’s call…’: see Robert Forster and Orest Ranum (eds), Medicine and Society in France: Selection from Annales, Vol. 6 (Baltimore 1980).
‘The Archbishop shared…’: Duc de Lauzun-Biron, Mémoires (Paris), p. 117.
‘Adèle d’Osmond…’: Mémoires de la Comtesse de Boigne (Paris 1931), p. 43.
Chapter 2
‘By the 1770s…’: see Eva Jacobs et al., Women and Society in 18th-century France (London 1979); Mme la Comtesse de Miremont, Traité de l’éducation des femmes (Paris 1779); Royer Chartre, L’éducation en France du XVI au XVIII siècles (Paris 1976); Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Oeuvres Complètes, Vol. IV. (Paris 1959).
‘Like her mother…’: see Jean Gallois (ed.,) Musiques et Musiciens au Faubourg Saint-Germain (Paris 1996); Duc de Lauzun-Biron, Mémoires (Paris).
‘There was another…’: see Durand Echeverria, Mirage in the West: A History of the French Image of American Society to 1815 (Princeton 1957); Hector St John de Crèvecoeur, Letter from an American Farmer (Paris 1782).
‘Turgot, the King’s…’: see Thomas E. Crow, Painters and Public Life in 18th-century Paris (Newhaven 1985).
‘Informed that they lived…’: see Samuel Breck, Recollections 1771–1862 (Philadelphia 1877).
‘His superior officers…’: Vicomte de Noailles, Marins et soldats français en Amérique: 1778–1783 (Paris 1903), p. 169.
‘Masses and celebratory…’: see Jean Chalon (ed.), Mémoires de Mme de Campan: Première femme de chambre de Marie Antoinette (Paris 1988).
‘The court at Versailles…’: Jacques Levron, A la Cour de Versailles aux XVI–XVIII siècles (Paris 1965), p. 297.
‘Clothes, like meals…’: Philip Mansel, Dressed to Rule (New Haven 2005), p. 56.
‘botanise in a watered meadow…’: Arthur Young, Travels in France during 1787, 1788, 1789 (London 1905), p. 89.
‘For Lucie and her mother…’: see Aileen Ribiero, Dress in 18th-century Europe: 1715–1789 (New Haven 2002).
‘Smell, ever a…’: Alain Corbin, The Foul and the Fragrant: Odor and the French Social Imagination (New York 1986), p. 74.
‘Despite the efforts…’: see Robert Forster and Orest Ranum (eds), Medicine and Society in France: Selection from Annales, Vol. 6 (Baltimore 1980); Alessa Johns (ed.), Dreadful Visitations: Confronting Natural Catastrophes in the Age of Enlightenment (London 1999); Roy Porter (ed.), ‘The Medical History of Water and Spas’, Medical History Supp. No. 10 (London 1990).
Chapter 3
‘With Monsignor Dillon…’: see Louis Audibert, Le Dernier Président des Etats Généraux de Languedoc (Bordeaux 1868); Bernard Plongeron, La Vie quotidienne du clergé Français au XVIIIième siècle (Paris 1974); Philippe Ariès et Georges Duby (eds), Histoire de la vie privée, Vol. 3 (Paris 1986).
‘“Monsignor,” he told…’: Nigel Aston, The End of an Elite: The French Bishops and the Coming of the Revolution 1786–1790 (Oxford 1992), p. 43.
‘The Duc de Chartres…’: René Héron de Villefosse, L’Anti-Versailles ou le Palais-Royal de Philippe Egalité (Paris 1974), p. 196.
‘The English, estranged…’: see J. M. Thompson, English Witnesses of the French Revolution (Oxford 1938); Constantia Maxwell, The English Traveller in France 1658–1815 (London 1932).
‘“We seem to want…”’: Josephine Grieder, Anglomania in France: Fact, Fiction and Political Discourse (Geneva 1985), p. 25.
‘Two brothers…’: Alistair Horne, Seven Ages of Paris: Portrait of a City (London 2002), p. 173.
‘For a while, Cagliostro…’: see Stanislas Jean de Boufflers, Vie (Lille 1860).
‘And then there were the exotic animals…’: see L. Robbins, Elephant Slaves and Pampered Parrots: Exotic Animals in 18th Century Paris (London 2002); Jean-Jacques Marquet de Vasselot, La Ménagerie de Versailles: Revue de l’Histoire de Versailles (Paris 1899).
‘It was, wrote Thomas Blaikie…’: Diary of a Scotch Gardener at the French Court at the End of the 18th Century (London 1931), p. 142.
‘Louis, Prince de Rohan…’ see Antonia Fraser, Marie Antoinette (London, 2001)
‘The Queen was now…’: see Léonard Autie, Recollections of Léonard, Hairdresser to Marie Antoinette (London 1912); Emile Langlade, Rose Bertin: The Creator of Fashion at the Court of Marie Antoinette (London 1933).
‘The Princesse d’Hénin…’: see Revue d’Histoire de Versailles et de Seine et Marne (Paris 1923), p. 83; Vicomtesse de Noailles, Vie de la Princesse de Poix (Paris 1855), p. 27.
Chapter 4
‘This was the Princesse de Beauvau…’: Stanislas Jean de Boufflers, Vie (Lille 1860), p. 216.
‘In portraits…’: Pierre Pluchon, Nègres et Juifs au XVIIIième siècle (Paris 1984), p. 135.
‘It was the Duc de Guines…’: Comte d’Hézecques, Page à la cour de Louis XVI (Paris 1987), p. xxx.
‘Most of the habitués…’: Duchesse d’Abrantès, Histoire des Salons de Paris, Vol. 1 (Brussels 1837) p. 46.
‘In 1786, the Neckers’…’: see Maria Fairweather, Madame de Staël (London 2005).
‘In 1784, Jefferson…’: see William Howard Adams, The Paris Years of Thomas Jefferson (New Haven 1997).
‘In the exalted…’: Stacy Schieff, A Great Improvisation: Franklin, France and the Birth of America (New York 2005), p. 230.
‘Everywhere, people were poor…’: see Olwen H. Hufton, The Poor of Eighteenth-Century France (Oxford 1974).
‘Among these aristocratic…’: Michel Poniatowski, Talleyrand et l’ancienne France: 1754–1789 (Paris 1988), p. 507.
‘Libelle literature…’: see Robert Darnton and Daniel Roche (eds), Revolution in Print: The Press in France 1775–1800 (Berkeley 1989).
‘In Charles IX…’: Simon Schama, Citizens (London 1989), p. 415.
‘“Here drops”…’: see Gouverneur Morris, A Diary of the French Revolution (London 1939).
‘Most of the Third…’: see Timothy Tackett, Par la Volonté du Peuple (Paris 1997).
Chapter 5
‘It was rumoured…’: J. Forneron, Histoire générale des émigrés pendant la révolution française (Paris 1884), p. 124; see also Simon Schama, Citizens (London 1989), p. 365.
‘At Versailles…’: see Lucien de Clully, La Tour du Pin (Paris 1909).
‘“The Queen’s entourage…”’: Jules Flammermont, Les Correspondances des agents diplomatiques étrangers en France avant la Révolution (Paris 1946), p. 247.
‘Even musicians were…’: Jean Chalon (ed.), Mémoires de Mme Campan (Paris 1988), p. 282.
‘Pamphlets and news-sheets…’: Robert Darnton and Daniel Roche, Revolution in Print: the Press in France 1775–1800 (Berkeley 1989), p. 82.
‘They would serve, said Brissot…’: John Brewer and Roy Porter (eds), Consumption and the World of Goods (London 1993), p. 412.
‘Like his father…’: Château de Vêves, Private papers.
‘The neat white gowns…’: Olwen H. Hufton. Women and the Limits of Citizenship in the French Revolution (Toronto 1992), p. 8.
‘After a first night…’: Antonia Fraser, Marie Antoinette (London 2001), p. 283.
‘Paris, as Gouverneur Morris…’: Gouverneur Morris, A Diary of the French Revolution (London 1939), p. 138.
‘In the first issue…’: Alison Ribiero, Dress in Eighteenth-Century Europe 1715–1789 (New Haven 2002) p. 53.
‘Before they finally…’: see Edna Hindie Lemay, La Vie quotidienne des députés aux Etats Généraux: 1789 (Paris 1987).
‘One of these was…’: see François Furet and Mona Ozouf, A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution (London 1989).
‘Horace Walpole, hearing…’: Duff Cooper, Talleyrand (London 1932), p. 57.
‘This obsession with…’: Harold T. Parker, The Cult of Antiquity and the French Revolution (Chicago 1937), p. 35; and see Alfred Copin, Talma et la Révolution Française (Paris 1887).
‘With them came…’: see Georges Snyders, Le Goût Musical en France au XVIIième et XVIIIième siècles (Paris 1968).
‘“It is time…”’: see Paul Carbonel, Histoire de Narbonne des Origines à l’époque contemporaine (Narbonne 1956).
Chapter 6
‘The first French…’: Dorette Berthoud, Le Général et la Romancière (Neuchâtel 1959), p. 150.
‘Mme de Staël herself loved…’: Lucie Achaud, Rosalie de Constant, sa famille et ses amis, Vol. 2 (Paris n.d.), p. 12.
‘But among the émigrés…’: Philippe Godet, Mme de Charrière et ses Amis, Vol. 1 (Geneva 1906), p. 400.
‘Soon after reaching…’: M. de Bouillé, Mémoires sur la révolution française (London 1797), p. 161.
‘“The army,” he warned…’: Lucien de Clully, La Tour du Pin (Paris 1909), p. 157.
‘In the Tuileries…’: see Comte de Ségur, Mémoires ou Souvenirs et Anecdotes, Vol. 3 (Paris 1824), p. 590.
‘In caricatures…’: [Anonymous pamphlet], La Ménagerie Nationale (Paris 1790).
‘Paris in the winter…’: J. G. Alger, ‘British Colony in Paris 1792–1793’, English Historical Review 13 (1898), p. 25. And see J. G. Alger, Englishmen of the Revolution (London 1889).
‘Burke’s view…’: see Jacques Godechot, Le Directoire vu de Londres: Annales historiques de la Révolution française (Paris 1950).
‘Though he attacked…’: Robert Forster, ‘The Survival of the Nobility during the French Revolution’, Past and Present 37 (July 1967), p. 186.
‘On the eve of…’: Michel Poniatowski, Talleyrand et les années occultées: 1789–1792 (Paris 1995), p. 292.
‘“The people,” he warned…’: Colin Jones, The Great Nation: France from Louis XV to Napoleon (London 2002), p. 435.
‘On 2 April…’: Simon Schama, Citizens (London 1989), p. 464.
‘Among its early members…’: Lilian Crété, La Traité des nègres sous l’ancien régime (Paris 1989), p. 258.
‘But the Antilles…’: see Gabriel Debien, Les esclaves aux Antilles françaises, XVII–XVIIIième siècles (Gaudeloupe 1974).
‘As Montesquieu…’: Pierre Pluchon, Nègres et Juifs au XVIIIième siècle: Le racisme et le siècle des lumières (Paris 1984), p. 135.
‘Women, however…’: see Vera Lee, The Reign of Women in 18th Century France (Cambridge MA 1975); Richard Rand, Intimate Encounters: Love and Domesticity in 18th-Century France (Princeton 1997); Carla Hesse, The Other Enlightenment (Princeton 2001).
‘The city was quiet…’: see Henry-Paulin Panon Desbassayns, Voyage à Paris pendant la révolution: 1790–1792 (Paris 1985).
‘Mesdames Tantes…’: see Livre Journal de Madame Éloffe, marchande de modes, couturière, lingère ordinaire de la reine et des dames de sa Cour. Vols 1 and 2 (Paris 1885).
‘Before hearing of their capture…’: John Keane, Tom Paine: A Political Life (London 1995), p. 317.
‘“People call him…”’: Antonia Fraser, Marie Antoinette (London 2001), p. 326.
‘“To aggravate…”’: William Augustin Miles, Correspondence on the French Revolution: 1789–1817 (London 1819), p. 253.
Chapter 7
‘When doubts…’: Alphonse Aulard, Études et leçons sur la Révolution française, Vol. 2 (Paris 1914) p. 281.
‘Even so, Mme de Staël…’: Mme de Staël, Seize lettres inédites de Madame de Staël à Gouvernet, ed. Charles de Portairols (Paris 1913), 11 March 1791.
‘The word “émigré”…’: see Kirsty Carpenter and Philip Mansel (eds), The French Émigrés in Europe and the Struggle against Revolution (London 1999); Jean Vidalenc, Les Emigrés français, 1789–1825 (Caen 1963).
‘L’émigration élégante…’: see Vicomte de Broc, Dix ans d’une femme pendant l’émigration (Paris 1893).
‘“The Dutch,” he wrote…’: Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Holland, letter of 31 January 1792. (Paris)
‘Robespierre had about him…’: see J. G. Millingen, Recollections of Republican France between 1790–1801 (London 1848).
‘Soon, men all over…’: Simon Schama, Citizens (London 1989), p. 508.
‘On 20 June, a mob…’: Antonia Fraser, Marie Antoinette (London 2001), p. 343.
‘Arthur immediately declared…’: see Théodore de Lameth, Notes et Souvenirs (Paris 1914).
‘As a friend observed…’: General Bertrand, Lettres à Fanny, ed. Suzanne de la Vaissière-Orfila (Paris 1978), p. 70.
‘“We cannot be calm…”’: see Robert and Isabelle Tombs, That Sweet Enemy: The French and the British from the Sun King to the Present (London 2006).
‘It was no longer…’: see Aileen Ribiero, Fashion in the French Revolution (London 1988).
‘Louis had been…’: see Comte d’Hézecques, Page à la cour de Louis XVI (Paris 1987).
‘An account of the trial…’: see John Moore, A Journal during a Residence in France from the Beginning of August to the Middle of December 1792 (Boston 1794).
‘An English visitor…’: Frédéric Masson, Le Département des Affaires Etrangères pendant la révolution: 1787–1804 (Paris 1877), p. 271.
‘Lucie was extremely reluctant…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, Series T 595/281 1–4.
Chapter 8
‘On 1 July…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, W/345.
‘Among his few possessions…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, F/17/1195.
‘In the national…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, T281.
‘With the murder…’: see F. W. Blagdon, Paris as It Was and as It Is: 1801–1802 (London 1803), p. 127; Thermomètre du Jour, 2 August 1793.
‘M. de la Tour du Pin…’: Lucien de Clully, La Tour du Pin (Paris 1909), p. 366.
‘On Marie Antoinette’s…’: Hector Fleischmann, Behind the Scenes in the Terror (London 1914), p. 65.
‘Every day…’: see C. A. Dauban, Les Prisons de Paris sous la Révolution (Paris 1870); Le Moniteur, 4 September 1793.
‘In Bordeaux, “as in Paris”…’: see Raymond Celeste, Les anciennes sociétés musicales (Bordeaux 1900); Camille Jullian, Histoire de Bordeaux (Bordeaux 1895); Alan Forrest, Society and Politics in Revolutionary Bordeaux (Oxford 1975); J. L. Barraud, Vieux Papiers Bordelais (Paris 1910).
‘Bordeaux would not experience…’: see Aurélien Lignereux, Gendarmes et policiers dans la France de Napoléon (Paris 2002); P. Bécamps, ‘Détenus et proscrits pendant la Révolution à Bordeaux’, Revue Historique de Bordeaux (1958); Anne de Mathau, Mémoires de Terreur: L’an 11 à Bordeaux (Bordeaux 2002).
‘Jeanne-Marie-Ignace-Thérésia…’: see Christian Gilles, Madame Tallien: La reine du Directoire (Biarritz 1999); Thérèse Charles-Vallin, Tallien: le mal aimé de la Révolution (Paris 1997); Comte de Paroy, Mémoires (Paris 1895).
‘Even Gouverneur…’: Gouverneur Morris, A Diary of the French Revolution (London 1989), p. 138.
‘He was to be replaced…’: see Pierre Gascar, L’Ombre de Robespierre (Paris 1979).
‘“Heads,” remarked…’: see Remy Bijaoni, Prisonniers et Prisons de la Terreur (Paris 1996); Jean-Paul Bertrand, La Vie quotidienne en France au temps de la Révolution (Paris 1983).
‘After Hébert…’: see Jean-Paul Bertrand, Camille et Lucile Desmoulins: Un couple dans la tourmente (Paris 1986).
‘Dillon, said his accusers…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, W/345.
‘“If,” he had written…’: Le Vieux Cordelier, 8 July 1793.
Chapter 9
‘Sturdy…’: see Melvin Maddocks, The Atlantic Crossing (Alexandria 1981).
‘By 1794…’: see Warren S. Tryon, A Mirror for Americans: Life and Manners in the US 1790–1870 (Chicago 1952); Durand Echeverria(ed.), Mirage in the West: A History of the French Image of American Society up to 1815 (Princeton 1957); Beatrice F. Hyslop, ‘American Press Reports of the French Revolution: 1789–1794’, New York Historical Society Quarterly (October 1958), p. 329.
‘Some of these…’: see J. G. Rosengarten, French Colonists and Exiles in the United States (Philadelphia 1907), p. 126. See also Echeverria, op. cit.; J. P. Brissot de Warville, New Travels in the United States of America: 1788 (Cambridge, MA 1964); Alexandre Capitaine, La Situation économique et sociale des États Unis à la fin du XVIIIième siècle d’après les voyageurs français (Paris 1926); Marquis de Chastellux, Travels in North America in the Years 1780, 1781, 1782 (New York 1963); Benjamin Franklin, Information to Those Who Would Remove to America (London 1784).
‘It is Dillon…’: Le Moniteur, 14 April 1794.
‘Not long before…’: Château de Vêves, Private papers. Letter of 29 frimaire.
‘At six o’clock…’: Independent Chronicle and Universe, 5 June 1794.
‘The frail…’: see Helen Maria Williams, Letters containing a Sketch of the Politics of France from 31 May 1793 to 28 July 1794 (Dublin 1795).
‘On the sandy…’: see Anne Grant, Memoirs of an American Lady (Albany 1876); Tom Lewis, The Hudson (Virginia 2005); Count Paolo Andreani, Along the Hudson and the Mohawk (Philadelphia 2006).
‘While the 1783…’: see Alan Taylor, The Divided Ground: Indians, Warriors, Settlers and the Northern Borderland of the American Revolution (New York 2006).
‘It depicted Louis…’: The Albany Register, 14 August 1794.
‘if I have to stay…’: Echeverria, op. cit. p. 183.
‘To your care…’: Library of Congress, Washington, DC, Hamilton Papers.
‘as old as the world…’: Michel Poniatowski, Talleyrand aux États Unis: 1794–1796 (Paris 1967), p. 371.
‘Among the last…’: unpublished journal of Philippe de Noailles. Archives Nationales, Paris.
‘With 150 acres…’: see Ira Berlin, Generations of Capitivity (Cambridge, MA 2003); Simon Schama, Rough Crossings: Britain, the Slaves and the American Revolution (London 2005); Thomas F. Gossett, Race: The History of an Idea in America (New York 1997).
‘Later, in his immensely…’: Duc de la Rochefoucault Liancourt, Travels through the United States of America, the Country of the Iriquois and Upper Canada in the years 1795, 1796 and 1797 (London 1799), p. 383.
‘M. du Petit-Thouars…’: see Rosengarten, op. cit., p. 137; Bergasse du Petit-Thouars (ed.), Aristide Aubert du Petit-Thouars: héro d’Aboukir 1760–1798: lettres et documents inédits (Paris 1937).
‘the Albany Register carried…’: the Albany Register, 14 August 1795.
‘Nearly all the larger…’: see Isaac Weld, Travels through the States of North America during the Years of 1795, 1796 and 1797 (London 1799).
‘“a noble temple…”’: Comte de Ségur, Mémoires ou Souvenirs et Anecdotes, Vol. 3 (Paris 1824), p. 389.
‘There was the Vicomte…’: see Comte de Volney, A View of the Soil and Climate of the United States of America (New York 1968), p. 364.
‘From Paris too…’: Le Courrier Français, Philadelphia, August 1795.
‘Jefferson, who was…’: see Waverley Root and Richard de Rochemond, Eating in America: A History (New York 1976).
‘As Hamilton observed…’: Papers of Alexander Hamilton, Vol. XVII (New York 1972), p. 587.
Chapter 10
‘Though Frédéric’s name…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, F/7/5990.
‘Now Le Bouilh…’: Archives Municipales, Bordeaux, Inventory ‘Ci-devant Chateau de Bouilh’.
‘their properties stripped down…’: Archives Municipales, Bordeaux, Box 1, File 43.
‘Up and down the country…’: see Marcel Marion, Le Brigandage pendant la Révolution (Paris 1934).
‘Though the streets…’: see Pierre Chauvet, Essai sur la Propreté de Paris (Paris 1798).
‘At least 14…’: see Frédéric Jean Laurent Meyer, Fragments sur Paris (Hamburg 1790).
‘a depravation…’: Helen Maria Williams, Letters containing a Sketch of the Politics of France from 31 May 1793 to 28 July 1794 (Dublin 1795), p. 29.
‘At balls, lit…’: Madame de Bawr, Mes Souvenirs (Paris 1853), p. 166.
‘In the Jardin des Plantes…’: see Paul Lacroix, Directoire, Consulat et Empire: moeurs et usages, lettres, sciences et arts en France 1795–1815 (Paris 1884); Édmond and Jules de Goncourt, Histoire de la société française pendant le Directoire (Paris 1840); Au temps des merveilleuses: la société parisienne sous le Directoire et le Consulat, Musée Carnavalet (Paris 2005).
‘the supreme bon ton…’: Jacques Godechot, La Vie quotidienne en France sous le Directoire (Paris 1977), p. 102.
‘There were melancholy…’: Goncourt and Goncourt, op. cit., p. 38.
‘When she dressed…’: Christian Gilles, Madame Tallien: La Reine du Directoire (Biaritz 1999) p. 267.
‘The Journal de Paris…’: Journal de Paris, 30 July 1797. See also Maurice Herbette, Une ambassade turque sous le Directoire (Paris 1802).
‘Within hours…’: see Victor Pierre, ‘Les émigrés et les commissions militaires après fructidor’, Revue des Questions Historiques, Paris October 1884.
Chapter 11
‘By 1797…’: see Kirsty Carpenter and Philip Mansel, The French Émigrés in Europe and the Struggle against Revolution (London 1999); Jacques Godechot, Le Directoire vu de Londres: Annales de la Révolution française (Paris 1950).
‘“La patrie…”’: see Micheline de Vallée, Les Emigrés de 1793 (Segueville-en-Bersin 1991).
‘Though by 1797…’: see Robin Eagles, Francophilia in English Society: 1748–1815 (Basingstoke 2000).
‘The violence and confusion…’: Diana Donald, The Age of Caricature: Satirical Prints in the reign of George III (London 1996), p. 142.
‘The Times warned…’: The Times, 9 March 1797.
‘reports of “stout…”’: National Archives, HO 1/3, Emigré correspondence. GLRO, Kew.
‘London at the end of…’: see Christopher Hibbert, The English: A Social History: 1066–1945 (London 1987), and Christopher Hibbert, London: The Biography of a City (London 1969); Roy Porter, English Society in the 18th Century (London 1982); François Crouzet, ‘England and France in the 18th Century’, in Social Historians in Contemporary France (New York 1972); Matthew O. Grenby, ‘Révolution française et Littérature Anglaise’, Annales historiques de la Révolution Française 4 (2005), pp. 101–44.
‘where visitors were warned…’: Peter Thorold, The London Rich (London 1999), p. 157.
‘The French also remarked…’: see Mme Vigée-Lebrun, Souvenirs (Paris 1984).
‘It was the fog…’: Comte de Montloisier, Souvenirs d’un émigré: 1791–1798 (Paris 1951), p. 187.
‘Just occasionally…’: Josephine Grieder, Anglomania in France. Fact, Fiction and Political Discourse (Geneva 1985), p. 57.
‘One of the servants…’: Julien Sapori, private communication.
‘the six elderly bishops…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, F/1/4336.
‘Cossey Hall…’: see Ernest G. Gage, Costessey Hall (Norwich 1991).
‘Ever practical…’: see The Jerningham Letters, 1780–1843 (London 1896), Summer 1795.
‘Those who had not grown…’: Johanna Schopenhauer, A Lady Travels (London 1988), p. 155; Carpenter and Mansel, op. cit., p. 64.
‘The Times…’: The Times, 9 January 1793.
‘Our fortunes…’: National Archives, Kew, London, Bouillon Papers, PC/1/118A.
‘M. de Rodire…’: National Archives, Kew, London, Bouillon Papers, PC/118AB; T93.9; T93.57.
‘Could some of these…’: The Times, 30 August 1796.
‘They went, when they had…’: Porter, op. cit. p. 257.
‘The Abbé Tardy…’: see Manuel du voyageur à Londres (London 1800).
‘monks entertained…’: see Pierre Bessand-Massenet, Les Deux Frances: 1799–1804 (Paris 1949).
‘The Comtesse de Guery…’: M. le Vicomte Walsh, Souvenirs de Cinquante Ans (Paris 1845), p. 160.
‘when guests left…’: see Baron Portalis, Henry Pierre Danloux, peintre de portraits et son journal: 1753–1809 (Paris 1910).
‘the Archbishop offered…’: Private Dillon family papers, 13 September 1797.
‘Richmond lay…’: Thorold, op. cit., p. 66; see also Judith Fitson, French Refugees in Richmond: 1785–1815 (Richmond 1998).
‘Horace Walpole, living…’: see Correspondence, 2 vols (London 1851), 27 September 1791.
‘When the Princesse d’Hénin…’: Linda Kelly, Juniper Hall (London 1991), p. XIV.
‘Mme de Staël’s brilliance…’: Maria Fairweather, Madame de Staël (London 2005), p. 171.
‘the fattest…’: Adèle de Boigne, Mémoires: Souvenirs d’une tante, 4 vols (Paris 1908), Vol. 3, p. 8.
‘The once famously…’: see Amanda Foreman, Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire (London 1998) and Amanda Foreman, Georgiana’s World (London 2001).
‘her childhood friend, Amédée…’: see A. Bardoux, La Duchesse de Duras (Paris 1898).
‘Napoleon’s eye…’: J. Christopher Herald, The Age of Napoleon (London 1963), p. 78.
Chapter 12
‘Several of the most unpopular…’: see Aurélien Lignereux, Gendarmes et Policiers dans la France de Napoléon (Paris 2002).
‘“It has become…”’: Vicomte de Broc, Dix ans d’une femme pendant l’émigration (Paris 1893), p. 289.
‘Frédéric had written…’: Library of Congress, Washington, DC, Hamilton Papers, ALS, 21 February 1798.
‘most other émigrés…’: Catherine Wilmot, An Irish Peer on the Continent. 1801–1803 (London 1924), p. 72.
‘One of the first…’: Henri d’Alméras, La Vie parisienne sous le Consulat et l’Empire (Paris 1909), p. 365; see also Edmond and Jules de Goncourt, Histoire de la société française pendant la Révolution (Paris 1889).
‘Guests quickly…’: Duchesse d’Abrantès, Histoire des salons de Paris, Vol. 2 (Brussels 1837), p. 9.
‘According to her great-niece…’: Joseph Turquan, Les femmes de l’émigration: 1789–1814 (Paris 1911), p. 289.
‘Musical soirées…’: see Edmond and Jules de Goncourt, Histoire de la société française pendant le Directoire (Paris 1840).
‘She had a rival…’: Adèle de Boigne, Mémoires: Souvenirs d’une tante, 4 vols (Paris 1908), Vol. 2 p. 177.
‘After dinner…’: J. F. Reichardt, Un hiver à Paris sous le Consulat: 1802–1803 (Paris 1850), p. 73.
‘These new salons…’: Sophie Gay, Salons célèbres (Paris 1837), p. 22.
‘Napoleon preferred…’: Marie-Blanche d’Arneville, Parcs et jardins sous le premier Empire (Paris 1981), p. 31.
‘Consular Paris smelt…’: Alain Corbin, The Foul and the Fragrant: Odor and the French Social Imagination (New York 1986), p. 196.
‘It made women…’: Mme de Genlis, Mémoires (Paris 2004), p. 324.
‘Napoleon let it…’: see Mme de Rémusat, Mémoires (London 1880), Vols 1 and 2.
‘Under Napoleon’s drive…’: see Michel Figeac, Destins de la noblesse bordelaise (Bordeaux 1996).
‘It was from her visitors…’: see J. G. Lemaistre, A Rough Sketch of Modern Paris (London 1803).
‘There was also news of Talleyrand…’: Duff Cooper, Talleyrand (London 1932), p. 134.
‘With the peace came…’: see The Journal of Bertie Greethead: An Englishman in Paris (London 1853); August von Kotzebue, Travels from Berlin through Switzerland to Paris in the year 1804 (Paris 1850); John Goldsworth Alger, Napoleon’s British Visitors and Captives 1801–1815 (London 1904).
‘There was much jostling…’: Thomas Thornton, A Sporting Tour through France in the Summer of 1802 (London 1806), p. 125.
‘Around Notre Dame…’: Marie-Louise Bivet, Le Paris de Napoléon (Paris 1963), p. 312.
‘When Napoleon entered…’: José Cabanis, Le Sacre de Napoléon (Paris 1970), p. 23.
‘According to a malicious…’: Joseph Turquan, Mme de Montesson: Douainière d’Orléans: 1738–1806 (Paris 1904), p. 289.
‘The Archbishop spent…’: Adèle de Boigne, op. cit., p. 142.
Chapter 13
‘My prefects…’: see Jean Savant, Les Préfets de Napoléon (Paris 1958).
‘I have often been told…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, Dossier Prefects F1b1/166/15 Ministère des Affaires Etrangères.
‘Over his prefects…’: Jacques Regnier, Les Préfets du Consulat et de l’Empire (Paris 1907), p. 26.
‘Belgium had been…’: see Jean Cathelin, La Vie quotidienne en Belgique sous le régime français 1792–1815 (Paris 1966); Felix Maguette, Les Émigrés français aux Pays Bas (Brussels 1907); L. de Lanzac de Laborie, La Domination française en Belgique (Paris 1895); Janet Polasky, Revolution in Brussels: 1787–1793 (Brussels 1987).
‘The new four-horse…’: see Jean Robiquet, La Vie quotidienne au temps de Napoléon (Paris 1942).
‘“I am happy for you…”’: Archives Municipales, Chateauxroux, Bertrand private papers.
‘At home, the Senate…’: Alphonse Aulard, Etudes et leçons sur la Révolution française, Vol. 8 (1914), p. 291.
‘illustrations showing…’: Anne-Marie Kleinert, Le Journal des Dames et des Modes (Stuttgart 2001), p. 291.
‘But the city of Paris…’: see Jean Tulard, Le Grand Empire 1804–1815 (Paris 1982); and Jean Tulard, Napoléon et la noblesse d’Empire (Paris 1979).
‘“Adopt neither…”’: Comtesse de Bradi, Du Savoir-Vivre en France au XIXième siècle (Paris 1858), p. 31.
‘“I am sorry for you…”’: Henri d’Alméras, La Vie parisienne sous le Consulat et l’Empire (Paris) p. 309.
‘He was a man’: see Mme de Rémusat, Mémoires (Paris 1880).
‘Grimod de la Reynière…’: Giles MacDonogh, A Palate in Revolution (London 1987), p. 201.
‘She continued…’: Mme de Staël to Talleyrand, see Maria Fair-weather, op. cit., 3 April 1808.
‘Before returning to Paris…’: Château de Vêves, Private papers; see A. Bardoux, La Duchesse de Duras (Paris 1898); G. Pailhes, La Duchesse de Duras et Chateaubriand (Paris 1910).
‘As Louis-Antoine Bourrienne…’: Serje Grandjean, Inventaire après décès de l’Impératrice Joséphine à Malmaison (Paris 1965), p. 41.
‘The proxy marriage…’: See Prince Charles de Clary-et-Aldringen, Trois mois à Paris lors du mariage de l’Empereur Napoléon 1er et de l’Archduchesse Marie-Louise (Paris 1914).
‘On 28 April…’: see Charlotte de Sor, Napoléon en Belgique et en Hollande, 1811 (Brussels 1839).
‘The Comte de Merode…’: see Souvenirs (Brussels 1872).
‘Posters were seen…’: Tulard, op. cit., p. 158.
‘You will laugh at me…’: Private papers, Lucie to Mme de Duras, 8 May 1811.
‘Better still…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, F/1b1/166/15.
‘but not before Lucie…’: General Bertrand, Lettres à Fanny, ed. Suzanne de la Vaissière-Orfila (Paris 1978), p. 289.
‘One morning, when Lucie was…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, Dossiers Personnels: de la Tour du Pin.
Chapter 14
‘Frédéric, she wrote…’: see Angélique de Maussion, Les Rescapés de Thermidor (Paris 1975).
‘Her one fault…’: Private papers, letter to Mme de Duras, 25 July 1813.
‘His treachery…’: see Robin Harris, Betrayer and Saviour of France (London 2006).
‘Wurtembergers had…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, AF1V 1670.
‘As a young man…’: see Philip Mansel, Louis XVIII (London 1981); T. E. B. Howarth, Citizen King (London 1961).
‘In 1799, his niece…’: Gilbert Stenger, Grandes dames du XIXième siècle (Paris 1911), p. 12.
‘Next day, the Senate…’: see Robert Christopher, Napoleon on Elba (London 1964).
‘The Cossacks…’: Mme de Chastenay, Mémoires: 1771–1815 (Paris 1987), p. 506.
‘For the moment, the imperfections…’: see Philippe Sussel, La France et la bourgeoisie: 1815–1850 (Paris 1970).
‘“We must thank…”’: José Cabanis, Charles X, roi ultra (Paris 1972), p. 59.
‘Just the same…’: Adèle de Boigne, Mémoires: Souvenirs d’une tante, 4 vols (Paris 1908), Vol. 3. p. 298.
‘Talleyrand’s own entourage…’: see Philip Ziegler, The Duchess of Dino (London 1985).
‘Vienna, in September…’: Duff Cooper, Talleyrand (London 1932), p. 244; see also Philip Mansel, Prince of Europe: The Life of Charles-Joseph de Ligne 1735–1814 (London 2003).
‘Her epitaph on Napoleon…’: Henri Rossi, Mémoires aristocratiques feminins 1789–1848 (Paris 1998).
‘The reaction of French society…’: See Anne Martin-Fugier, La vie élégante (Paris 1990)
‘Not everyone agreed…’: Anne-Marie Kleinert, Le Journal des Dames et des Modes (Stuttgart 2001), p. 220.
‘Writing to Castlereagh…’: Beckles Wilson, The British Embassy (London 1927), p. 33.
‘Frédéric, declaring…’: Château de Vêves, Family papers.
‘To Mme de Staël…’: Château de Vêves Family papers, 5 April 1815.
‘the King spent hours at table…’: see Theo Fleischman, Le Roi de Gand (Brussels 1953).
‘Brussels was immensely…’: Château de Vêves Private papers, letter of 7 May 1815.
‘“This is without…”’: see Lady Caroline Capel and Dowager Countess of Uxbridge, The Capel Letters (London 1955).
‘Wellington had reached…’: see Theo Fleischman and Winant Aerts, Bruxelles pendant la Bataille de Waterloo (Brussels 1956); Richard Holmes, Wellington: The Iron Duke (London 2003); Sir William Fraser, Words on Wellington (London 1889); Comte d’Haussonville, Ma jeunesse 1814–1830 (Paris 1885).
Chapter 15
‘Alexandre Mercier…’: Journal de la Campagne de Waterloo (Paris 1933), p. 106.
‘Chateaubriand…’: see Mémoires d’Outre-Tombe (Paris 1849).
‘“We have conquered…”’: Guillaume de Bertier de Sauvigny, Metternich et la France après le Congrès de Vienne (Paris 1968), p. 120.
‘“Mercy,” observed…’: T. E. B. Howarth, Citizen King (London 1961), p. 131.
‘St Helena…’: see Betsy Balcombe, To Befriend an Emperor (Welwyn Garden City 2005); Frédéric Masson, Napoléon à Sainte Hélène (Paris 1912); Barry E. O’Meara, Napoléon dans l’exil (Paris 1993).
‘“What shall I tell you…”’: Private papers, Château de Vêves letter 19 May 1816.
‘Its only drawback…’: Edmund Boyce, The Belgian Traveller (London 1816), p. 29.
‘Frédéric’s official…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, Ministère des Affaires Étrangères, Hollande, Vol. 617, p. 380.
‘In The Hague…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, Ministère des Affaires Étrangères, Hollande/Pays Bas, 1817–1818, 618.
‘Mme de Staël, too…’: Adèle de Boigne, Mémoires: Souvenirs d’une tante (Paris 1908), Vol. 3, p. 366.
‘these were the “green…”’: José Cabanis, Charles X, roi ultra (Paris 1972), p. 122.
‘Louis XVIII desired…’: see Philip Mansel, The Court of France: 1789–1830 (Cambridge 1988).
‘“Ah my God!”…’: G. Pailhes, La Duchesse de Duras et Chateaubriand (Paris 1910), p. 128.
‘On 13 February…’: see Duchesse de Maille, Souvenirs des deux restaurations (Paris 1984).
Chapter 16
‘They came to see…’: see James Fenimore Cooper, Excursions in Italy (London 1838); William Hazlitt, Notes of a Journey through France and Italy (London 1826); Jeremy Black, The British and the Grand Tour (London 1985).
‘A Roman colony…’: see John Chetwood Eustace, A Classical Tour through Italy (London 1841); Marianne Baillie, First Impressions on a Tour upon the Continent in the Summer of 1818 (London 1819), William M. Johnston, In Search of Italy (London 1987).
‘For a French ambassador…’: see Denis Mack Smith, The Making of Italy: 1796–1866 (London 1968), and Denis Mack Smith, Cavour (London 1985); G. de Bertier de Sauvigny, Metternich et la France après le Congrès de Vienne (Paris 1968).
‘Frédéric, quickly…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, Ministère des Affaires Étrangères, Sardaigne 287/1820.
‘“Will they”…’: Château de Vêves, Private papers, letter of 14 February 1821.
‘After Naples…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, Ministère des Affaires Étrangères, Sardaigne, 9 February 1821.
‘He requested…’: see Lady Theresa Lewis (ed.), Journals and Correspondence of Miss Berry from the Years 1782–1852 (London 1866).
‘Bertrand, constantly…’: see The Jerningham Letters, 1780–1843 (London 1896).
‘Not long before, Charlotte…’: Château de Vêves, Family papers. Private diary.
‘By early 1824…’: José Cabanis, Charles X, roi ultra (Paris 1972), p. 289.
‘On the afternoon…’: Alain Corbin, The Foul and the Fragrant: Odor and the French Social Imagination (New York 1986), p. 122.
‘“I have always…”’: Château de Vêves, Family papers, letter of 6 January 1823.
‘“Perhaps I am…”’: Château de Vêves, Family papers, letter of February 1824.
‘For many travellers…’: Benjamin Colbert, Shelley’s Eye: Travel Writing and the Aesthetic Vision (London 2005), p. 125.
‘The Piazza di Spagna…’: Maurice Andrieux, Les Français à Rome (Paris 1968), p. 354.
‘She was still very beautiful…’: E. J. Delécluze, Impressions Romaines: Carnet de Route d’Italie: 1823–1824 (Paris 1942), p. 36.
‘“But I hardly…”’: Château de Vêves, Family papers, letter of 28 November 1825.
‘Frédéric, as outspoken…’: Henri Contamine, Diplomatie et diplomates sous la Restauration (Paris 1970), p. 206.
Chapter 17
‘Spring…’: see Alain Corbin, The Foul and the Fragrant: Odor and the French Social Imagination (New York 1986); Anne Martin-Fugier, La Vie élégante (Paris 1990); Philip Mansel, The Court of France: 1789–1830 (Cambridge 1988).
‘At court…’: T. E. B. Howarth, Citizen King (London 1961), p. 132.
‘In this outfit…’: see Comtesse d’Agoult, Souvenirs et journaux (Paris 1990).
‘But the Dauphin…’: José Cabanis, Charles X, roi ultra (Paris 1972), p. 442.
‘“My one wish…”’: Château de Vêves, Family papers, letter to Hadelin, n.d.
‘Among those…’: see Thérèse Rouclette, La Folle Équipée de la Duchesse de Berry (La Roche sur Yon 2004); Général Dermoncourt, La Vendée et Madame (Paris 1834); Gustave Gautherot, L’héroique Comtesse: Correspondance de la Comtesse Auguste de la Rochejacquelein (Paris 1922).
‘It was at this point that Aymar…’: Château de Vêves, Family papers, unpublished memoir by Aymar de la Tour du Pin.
‘The Fort du Hâ…’: See Jean-Jacques Déogracias, Le fabuleux destin du Fort du Hâ (Bordeaux 2006).
‘The walls of Paris…’: see Fanny Trollope, Paris and the Parisians (London 1836); Duchesse de Maillé. Souvenirs des deux restaurations (Paris 1984).
Chapter 18
‘Their first glimpse…’: see M. Curreli and A. L. Johnson (eds), Paradise of Exiles: Shelley and Byron in Pisa (Salzburg 1988).
‘“I am busy describing…”’: Château de Vêves, Family papers, letter to Félicie. n.d.
‘“Our civilisation…”’: T. E. B. Howarth, Citizen King (London 1961), p. 304.