Index
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abacus
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md., see Ballistic Research Laboratory
ACE / Automatic Computing Engine
ACM / Association for Computing Machinery
Adams, Charles W.
Adams, John Couchv, co-discoverer of Neptune
Adams-Moulton method
Aiken, Howard Hathaway, carries out Babbage’s program, Mark I through IV, see also ASCC, Harvard
Airy, George Biddell, Astronomer Royal
Albert, Prince
Alexander the Great
Alexander, J.
Alexander, James Waddell, professor at the Institute for Advanced Study
Alexander, Samuel N.
ALGOL / Algorithmic Language, formulated by committees of ACM and GAMM
al-
, Jamshid ben 
ed-
, Iranian astronomer
Allison, Samuel King, directs Fermi
Institute
Alt, Franz Leopold
American Association for the Advancement of Sciences
Amsterdam Mathematisch Centrum
analog devices, cinema integraph, continuous integraph, differential analyzers, harmonic analyzers, integrators and planimeters, Kelvin on, network analyzers, tidal analyzers
analytical engine, see also Babbage, Charles
analyzer, see analog devices Andrade, Edward Neville da Costa
Andrew, Merle M.
Andrews, Ernest G.
APEC / All Purpose Electronic Computer
Applied Mathematics Panel, part of NDRC
ARC / Automatic Relay Calculator
Archibald, Raymond Clare
Archimedes
Arenberg, David Lewis
Argonne National Laboratory, AVIDAC and GEORGE
Aristotle
ARMAC / Automatische Rekenmachine Mathematisch Centrum
Armer, Paul
Artin, Emil
ASCC / Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, see also Aiken, IBM machines
Ash, R.
Astrahan, Morton M.
astronomy, see also lunar theory
Atanasoff, John Vincent
Atomic Energy Commission, von Neumann' appointed commissioner, see also Los Alamos
Auerbach, A. A.
Augustus, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
Australia, SILLIAC at Sydney
Austrian developments, URR-1, LRR-1 and Mailufterl, see also Zemenak
automata, definition of, Post’s and Turing’s work on, von Neumanns work on, Winograd’s and Cowan’s sequel
AVIDAC / Argonne Version of the Institute (IAS) Digital Automatic Computer
Aydelotte, Frank, 2nd director of Institute for Advanced Study
B boxes, see index registers
Babbage, Charles, analytical engine, difference engine, early life
Babbage, H. P., son of Charles
Bache, Alexander Dulles, Fund
Backus, John W.
Bailey, Herbert S., Jr.
Ballistic Research Laboratory
ballistics
Bamberger, Louis
Banach, Stefan, Polish mathematician
Bargmann, Valentine
Bargmann, Sonia (Mrs, Valentine Bargmann)
BARK / Binar Automatik Rela-Kalkylator
Barnes, General Gladeon M.
Barricelli, Nils Adall
Bartee, T. C.
Bartin, S., Bartky, Walter
Bartlett, James Holley
Bashe, Charles J.
Bashforth, Francis
Basilewski, I. I.
Batschelet, Eduard
Battelle Memorial Institute
Bauer, Friedrich L.
Beam, Walter Raleigh
Bedient, Arthur
Beeber, Robert J., Belden, Thomas Graham and Marva Robins, Belevitch, Vitold, Belgian developments
Bell, Alexander Graham
Bell, C. Gordon
Bell, Eric Temple
Bell, Persa Raymond
Bell Relay Computers, see Bell Telephone Laboratories Bell Telephone Laboratories, help Moore School on ENIAC, pioneer in relay calculators, see also Stibitz
Benfield, Adalbert Edwin
Bennett, Albert A.
Berggren, Gunnar
Bergren, Roy
Bernays, Paul
Bernoulli, John and James
Berry, Arthur, Berry, Clifford
BESK / Binar Electronisk Sekvens Kalkylator
BESM / Bystrodeistwujuschtschaja Elektronnajastschetnaja Machina
Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm
Best, Sheldon, Beurling, Professor Arne Karl-August
Bierman, Ludwig Franz Benedikt
Bigelow, Julian Himely, chief engineer of Computer Project
Bilas, Frances, see Mrs. Homer Spence
Billing, Heinz, builds Gl, G2, G3
Billings, John Shaw, becomes affiliated with Census Office, evaluates Hollerith’s system, relations with Hollerith
BINAC / Binary Automatic Computer
binary numbers, conversion, use of in computers
Birkbeck, George
Birkhoff, George David
Blackburn, Jacob
Blackett, Patrick Maynard Stuart
Blaauw, Gerrit A.
Bliss, Ames
Bliss, Chester Ittner
Bliss, Gilbert Ames, at Aberdeen, Goldstine works as assistant to, his relations to Birkhoff and Veblen, his scientific work
Blodgett, John H.
Boccaccio, Giovanni
Bocher, Maxime, Bochner, Salomon
Bogert, Capt. T. E.
Böhm, C.
Bohr, Harald
Bohr, Niels
Bok, Bart Jan
Bolin, Bert Richard, Jr.
Bollée, Léon, Boolé, George, logician, Boolean algebra
Booth, Andrew
Booth, Kathleen Britten, see Booth, Andrew
Borel, Felix Edouard Emile
Born, Max
Bottenbush, Hermann
Bowden, Bertram Vivian, Lord Bowden
Bradbury, Dr. Norris Edwin
Bradley, James, Astronomer Royal
Brainerd, John Grist, Director of Moore School, inception of ENIAC, starts EDVAC project
Bratt, J. B.
Brazil
Breit, Gregory
Brennan, Jean F.
Briggs, Lyman James
British Admiralty
British Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephermeris
Brougham, Henry, Lord
Brouwer, Luitzen Egbertus J.
Brown, Ernest Williams, see also lunar theory
Brown, George William
Brown, Gordon Stanley
Brown, Theodore Henry
Browning, Robert
Brueckner, Keith Allan
Bryce, James Wares
Buchanan, Robert Earle
Buchholz, Werner W.
Buckingham, Richard Arthur
Buckley, Dr. Oliver Ellsworth
Bullard, Sir Edward Crisp
Burali-Forti, Cesare
Bureau of the Census, procures first UNIVAC
Bureau of Ordnance, see also Aiken, NORC
Burke, Edmund
Burks, Arthur Walter, brings out von Neumann’s work on self-reproducing automata, goes to Institute for Advanced Study
Burroughs Adding Machine Company
Bush, Vannevar, cinema integraph, differential analyzer, heads OSRD, helps Moore School and Ballistic Research Laboratory, integraph, network analyzer, new differential analyzer, program for computation
Byron, George Gordon, 6th Baron
Byron, Annabella (née Milbanke), wife of Lord Byron
Byron, Augusta Ada, Countess of Lovelace
CAB / Calculatrice Arithmetique Binaire
Cajori, Florian, historian of mathematics
calculus of variations
Caldwell, Samuel H.
Cambridge University
Campbell, George Ashley
Cannon, Edward Whitney, Carlyle, Thomas
Carr, John Weber, III
Carroll, Lewis (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson), his logic game
Carson, James Renshaw
Case School of Applied Science
Cavendish, Henry
Cavendish Laboratory, see Cambridge University CEP / Calcolatrice Elettronica Pisana
Chamberlin, Thomas Chrowder
Chambers, Carl Covalt
Chance, Britton
Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan
Chapman, Sydney
Charney, Jule Gregory
Chasles, Michel
Chedaker, Joseph
Chicago, University of, Bliss at, Goldstine at, Michelson at, Moulton and Veblen at
Chu, Jeffrey Chuan
Clairaut, Alexis Claude, ballistics, lunar theory
Clippinger, Richard Frederick
coding, see programming Cohen, Paul
Columbia University, see also Watson Computing Bureau
Comét, Stig
Compagnie des Machines BULL
compilers, see programming
Compton, Arthur Holly
Compton, Karl Taylor
computation, Bush’s views on, Kelvin’s views on, Leibniz’s views on, Maxwell’s views on, measures of speed, nature of
Computer-Tabulating-Recording Co., becomes IBM
computers, analog, continuous or measurement, Bush’s differential analyzers, cinema integraph, digital or arithmetical, Kelvin’s ideas on differential analyzer, Kelvin’s tidal analyzer and predictor, Maxwell’s integrator, Michelson’s harmonic analyzer, network analyzer, planimeters, see integrators
Comrie, Leslie John
Conant, James Bryant, president of Harvard and chairman of NDRC
continuous integraph, see analog devices
continuous, measurement, or analog machines, see analog devices
Cooley, James
Couffignal, Louis, develops computer at Institut Blaise Pascal
Coulomb, Charles Augustin de
Courant, Richard, co-discoverer of numerical stability
Couturat, Louis
Cowan, Jacob D.
CPC / Card Programmed Electronic Calculator
Crane, Hewitt David
Cranz, Carl Julius
Crawford, Perry O., Jr.
Cressman, George Parmley
Cummings, James
Cunningham, Leland E.
Curie, Paul-Jacques and Pierre, co-discover piezo-electric effect
Curry, Haskell Brooks
Curtiss, John Hamilton
curve followers
Czechoslovakian developments, ARITMA, SAPO
Dl, D2 (East German machines)
Dahlgren Proving Ground, see Aiken and NORC
Dahlquist, Germund
D’Alembert, Jean le Rond, ballistics, lunar theory
Dan, Klara, see von Neumann, Klara Dan
Danoiseau de Montfort, Marie-Charles Theodore, lunar tables
Darmstadt Institute of Technology
Darwin, Sir Charles Galton
Darwin, Charles Robert
Darwin, Sir George Howard, DASK / DANSK BESK (Danish copy of Besk)
Davis, John
Davis, Martin David, Davisson, Clinton Joseph
Davy, Sir Humphrey, president of Royal Society
deBeauclair, W.
deCareil, Foucher
deColmar, Charles Xavier
Dederick, Louis Serle
deGaulle, Charles
deKerf, Joseph Louis Francois, Delamain, Richard
Delasasso, Louis A.
Delaunay, Charles-Eugene
delay lines
Demming, William Edwards
deMorgan, Augustus
deMorgan, Mrs. Augustus, friend of Ada Byron
Denmark
deNo, Lorente
DERA / Damstadter Elektronische Rechenautomat
Descartes, Rene, analytical geometry
Devonshire, William Cavendish, Duke of
Dickens, Charles
Dickenson, Halsey
Dickinson, William D., Jr.
Dickson, Leonard Eugene
Diderot, Denis
difference engines: Babbage’s, IBM’s, Scheutz’s, Wiberg’s
differences, finite
differential analyzer, see analog devices
differential equations, Hartree’s solutions of, the work of Courant, Friedrichs, and Lewy
digital or arithmetical computers or machines, Leibniz’s, Pascal’s, Schickard’s, see also Babbage, ENIAC, EDVAC, IAS machine
Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice
DLS-127 / Delay Line Sieve
d’Ocagne, Philbert Maurice
Dodgson, C. L., see Carroll, Lewis
Dreyer, Hans-Joachim
Dryden, Hugri Latimer
DuBarry, William H.
Dumont, Allen B., Laboratories
Dunkin (Messrs. Dunkin and Co.)
Dunsheath, Percy, Durfee, Benjamin M.
Dyhre, A. E.
DYSEAC / Second Standards Electronic Automatic Computer
Eady, Eric T.
East German developments
Eckert, John Presper, Jr., chief engineer on ENIAC and EDVAC projects, with Mauchly forms company
Eckert-Mauchly Computer Company, see also Sperry Rand
Eckert, Wallace John
Eckler, A. Ross, Director of Census Bureau
EDSAC / Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer, first delay line computer
EDVAC / Electronic Discrete Variable Computer, logical structure
Egypt
Ehrenfest, Paul
Einstein, Albert, at Institute for Advanced Study
Ekelöf, Stig
Elbourn, Robert
Elder, John
electrical engineering, history of
electro-mechanical computing instruments: Aiken, the IBM ASCC, Stibitz, Torres Quevedo
Electronic Control Corp., see also Sperry
Rand Elgot, Calvin C
Elias, Peter
Eliassen, Arnt
Elsasser, Walter Maurice
Emmons, Howard Wilson
Emslie, Alfred George
Emslie, Norman
Engineering Research Associates, see also Sperry Rand
English developments: ACE and EDSAC, contributions of Booth, of Hartree, of Newman, of Wilkes, of Williams, first delay line machine, EDSAC
Engstrom, Elmer William, vice-president for research, RCA
ENIAC / Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, acceptance by U.S. Army, beginnings, dedication of, description of, engineering staff of, first problem on, function tables in, is turned off and put in Smithsonian Institution
Ephemerides
Epple, Erwin
Eratosthenes
ERMETH / Electronische Rechenmaschine der ETH
Estrin, Gerald
Estrin, Thelma (Mrs. Gerald Estrin)
ETL, Marks I, II, III, IV, Japanese machines
Euclid
Euler, Leonhard
Evans, Cerda (Mrs. Foster Evans) and Foster
Evans, Griffith Conrad
Faraday, Michael
Fekete, M.
Feller, William, Yugoslavian mathematician
Felt and Tarrant Co.
Feltman, Samuel
Fermi, Enrico
Fermi, Laura
Fernbach, Sidney
Ferranti Ltd.
Fine, Henry Burchard
fire control directors
firing tables
Fjörtoft, Ragnar
Flexner, Abraham, first director of the Institute for Advanced Study
flow diagrams
Fock, Vladimir Alexandrovitch, Hartree-Fock method
Ford, Eugene A.
Ford, Lester R.
Forrester, Jay Wright, develops storage tube and core memories
FORTRAN, designed by Backus and Ziller
Fourier coefficients and series
Fourier, Jean-Baptiste-Joseph
Fowler, Sir Ralph Howard
Fox, Leslie
France
Franck, James
Frankel, Stanley Phillips
Frankford Arsenal, digital fire control system
Frazer, Joseph Hugh
Freeman, John
Freese, Harry
Frege, Gottlob
Frei, Ephraim
French developments, CAB, GAMMA, the Institut Blaise Pascal machine
Freud, Sigmund
Freytag-Loringhoff, Bruno Baron von
Friedrichs, Kurt, co-discoverer of numerical stability
Frisch, Ragnar
Fritz, W. Barkley
Frizzell, Clarence E.
Fröberg, Carl-Erik
Frye, J. H.
Fuld, Mrs. Felix
Gage, F. C.
Gail, Harry
Galilei, Galileo
Galle, (Johann) Gottfried, discoverer of Neptune
Gambo, Kanzaburo
GAMM / German Association for Applied Mathematics
GAMMA, see Compagnie des Machines BULL Gardner, Martin
Gardner, Murray Frank
Gauss, Carl Friedrich
Gautschi, Werner
Gazis, Denos Constantinos
Gell-Mann, Murray
General Electric Co.
Gentel, Major Thomas G.
GEORGE / Argonne National Laboratory “George”, Computer
German (East) developments, (West) developments
Gibbs, Josiah Willard, Gibbs Phenomenon
Giese, John H.
Gilbert, Davis
Gilchrist, Bruce
Gill, Stanley
Gillies, Donald Bruce
Gillis, Joseph
Gilmore, John T.
Givens, James Wallace, Jr.
Gödel, Kurt
Goff, John Alonzo
Goldberg, Richard
Goldfinger, Roy
Goldstein, Irwin
Goldstine, Adele Katz (Mrs. Herman Goldstine), EDVAC project, ENIAC project, Los Alamos
Goldstine, Herman Heine, in the Army, logical design and programming, numerical analysis, UNESCO and the State Dept., with von Neumann
Goodwin, E. T.
Goto, Eiichi
Goto, Motinori
Göttingen
Goulburn, Henry
Gray, Truman Stretcher
Green, J.
Green, John Willie
Greenall, C. H.
Gregory, Duncan Farquharson
Gronwall, Thomas
Guion, James L.
Gunter, Edmund
Haber, Fritz
Hacldad, Jerrier Abdo
Hagiwara, T.
Haibt, Lois M. (Mrs. Luther Haibt)
Hale, George Ellery
Halley, Edmund
Hamilton, Frank E.
Hammer, Franz
Hammersley, John Michael
Hampshire College
Handscomb, David C
Hansen, Erik
Hansen, Peter Andreas
Hanson-Ericson, Rear-Admiral Stig
Harmon, Leon David
harmonic analyzers, see analog devices
Harnwell, Gaylord P.
Harper, William Rainey
Hartree, Douglas Rayner, differential analyzers, the Hartree-Fock method, relations to Goldstine
Harvard University, see also H. Aiken and IBM machines
Harvard Mark I, II, III, IV, see Aiken, Harvard University
Havens, Byron
Havermark, Gunnar
Hays, Samuel Pfrimmer
Hazen, Harold Locke
Heaviside, Oliver
Hedeman, W. R.
Heisenberg, Werner
Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von
Henrici, Peter
Henry, D. V.
Henry, Joseph
Henschel Flugzeugwerken
Hermann, J. H.
Herrick, Harlan L.
Herrstrom, E. H.
Herschel, John
Herschel, William
Hertz, Heinrich Rudolf
Herz, J. C.
Herzberg, Gerhard
Hevesy, George Charles de
Hilbert, David
Hildebrandt, Theodore Ware
Hill, George William, see also lunar theory
Hipparchus
Hitchcock, F. L.
Hitler, Adolf
Hixon Symposium lectures
Hochstrasser, Urs
Hodgkin, Alan Lloyd
Hoffman, Walter
Holberton, Elizabeth Snyder (Mrs. John V. Holberton)
Holberton, John V.
Hollerith, Herman, Billings and the Census Bureau, his company
Hollerith machines, see also punch card machines Hopper, Grace Murray
Hooker, Sir William Jackson
Hotelling, Harold
Householder, Alston Scott
Hovmöller, Ernst
Hubble, Edwin Powell
Hughes, Robert A.
Hughes, Vernon Willard
Hull, Albert Wallace
Humboldt, Baron Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von
Hündorf, Walter
Hunsaker, Jerome Clarke
Hunt, Gilbert A.
Hunt, William C.
Huntington, Hillard Bell
Hurd, Cuthbert Corwin
Huskey, Harry Douglas
Hutchins, Robert Maynard
Huxley, Andrew Fielding, see Hodgkin
Huxley, Thomas Henry
hydrodynamics
Hylleraas, Egil Andersen;
fundamental quantum-mechanical calculation
IAS-type machines, see also AVIDAC, BESK, BESM, DASK, GEORGE, IBM 700, 7000 series, ILLIAC, JOHNNIAC, MANIAC, MSUDC, ORDVAC, PERM, SILLIAC, SMIL, Sperry Rand 1100 series, Whirlwind I
IBM France
IBM machines, ASCC for Harvard, CPC, difference tabulator, for ENIAC, for IAS, NORC, the 603 and 604, the 701 and, the and, the, special calculators, SSEC, STRETCH, used for scientific calculations, see also punch card machines
ILLIAC / Illinois Automatic Computer, see Illinois, University of
Illinois, University of, ORDVAC and ILLIAC
index registers, conceived by Kilburn
India
Indian developments, the Tata Institute machine
Institute for Advanced Study, the Electronic Computer Project: automata theory, engineering, meteorology, numerical analysis, logical design and programming, see also IAS machines, Goldstine, H. H., von Neumann
Institute for Numerical Analysis, see also National Bureau of Standards integrators and planimeters, see analog devices
International Business Machines Corp., modifies machines for Aberdeen, Moore School, and Institute for Advanced Study, relations to Hollerith, von Neumann’s influence on, T. J. Watson, Jr., T. J. Watson, Sr., see also IBM machines, Watson, T. J., Sr., Watson, T. J., Jr., Watson Astronomical Computing Bureau
International Computation Centre
International Council of Scientific Unions
International Mathematical Union
International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
International Union of Telecommunication
interpreters
Iowa State University, see Atanasoff, Zornig
Iran
Israel
Israeli developments, WEIZAC
Italian developments
Jackson, Dunham
Jackson, Philip W.
Jacobi, Carl Gustav Jacob
Jacquard, Joseph Marie
Jacquard looms
Jaeger, J. J.
Jaffe, B.
Japanese developments
James, Hyman
Jennings, Elizabeth
Jessen, Borge
Jevons, William Stanley
Jewett, Frank Baldwin
John, Fritz
JOHNNIAC / Johnny (von Neumann) Integrator and Automatic Computer
Johnson, C. E.
Johnson, Thomas Hope
Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit, see also U.S. Weather Bureau Jordan, Pascual
Jugoslavian developments
Karlqvist, O.
Katz, C.
Kaysen, Carl, Director of Institute for Advanced Study
Keefe, William
Kelley, John Leroy
Kelvin, William Thomson, Lord, see also analog devices
Kemble, Edwin Crawford
Kemeny, John George
Kennedy, Edward Stewart
Kennelly, Arthur Edwin
Kent, Gordon
Kent, Robert Harrington
Kepler, Johann
Kessenich, G. J.
Kilburn, Tom, see also
index register Kinoshita, Toichiro
Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert
Kistiakowsky, George Bogden
Kitov, A. I.
Kjellberg, Goran
Kline, John
Knobeloch, Edward
Knuth, Donald E.
Kochen, Manfred
Koksma, F. J.
Komamiya, Yasuo
Kovesi, Marietta (Mrs. J. B. Horner Kuper), von Neumann’s first wife
Kramer, Mildred (Mrs. Samuel Noah Kramer)
Kramer, Robert
Kranz, Frederick W.
Krinitskii, N. A.
Kronecker, Leopold
Kummer, Ernest Eduard
Kun, Bela
Lagerman, Commodore Sigurd
Lagrange, Joseph Louis, Counte de, ballistics, lunar theory
Lake, Clair D., IBM inventor
Lambe, Margaret (Mrs. Edward D. Lambe)
Landau, Edmund
Landor, Walter Savage
Laning, J. IL, Jr.
Laplace, Pierre Simon, Marquis de, ballistics, lunar theory
LARC / Livermore Automatic Research Calculator
Larrivee, Jules Alphonse, see Stibitz
laws of reasoning, see Boole
Lebedev, Sergei Alekseevich
Legendre, Adrien Maria
Lehmann, N. Joachim
Lehmer, Derrick Henry, btrilds number theory machines, does number theory on ENIAC
Lehmer, Derrick Norman
Lehmer, Emma (Mrs. D. H. Lehmer), see Lehmer, D. H.
Leibler, Richard Arthur
Leibniz, Baron Gottfried Wilhelm von
Leilich, Hans-Otto
Leiner, Alan L.
Lemon, Harvey Brace
Lennard-Jones, Sir John Edward
Leuchtenberg, W. E.
Leutert, Werner
Leverrier, Urbain Jean Joseph, co-discoverer of Neptune
Levin, Joseph Harmon
Lewis, Bernard
Lewis, Glenn Edwin
Lewy, Hans, co-discoverer of numerical stability
Liberia
Lichterman, Ruth
Lill, Gordon Grigsby
Lilley, Samuel
Lincoln, Abraham
Lindsay, Robert Bruce
linear equations, Atanasoff’s machine, Hotelling on, Mallock’s machine, Turing on, von Neumann and Goldstine on
Liniger, Werner
Linsman, Marcel
Lipkis, R.
Logan, Robert
logic machines, Carroll, Jevons, Marquand, Stanhope
logical design, EDVAC and EDSAC, IAS machine
logics, see automata theory, Boole, Gödel, Hilbert, Leibniz, Post, Turing
logistics computer, see Engineering Research Associates
London University
Loopstra, Bram J.
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, use of IAS machine, MANIAC, of SSEC, of ENIAC, von Neumann’s contributions to
Lourie, Janice R.
Lovelace, see Byron, Augusta Ada
Lubbock, John William
Luhn, H. Peter
Lukoff, Herman
lunar theory, see also Brown, Eckert, W. J., Hill, mathematical tables
Lust, Reimar Heinz Fritz
Lynch, J.
MacNeille, Holbrook Mann
MacNichol, Edward Ford, Jr.
MADM / Manchester Automatic Digital Machine
Maehly, Hans
magnetic cores, see Booth, Forrester, Rajchman
magnetic drums
Mailufterl / Little May breeze
Manchester University (Victoria University), see Hartree, Kilburn, Newman, Williams
Mandelbrot, Benoit
Manhattan District, see Los Alamos, MANIAC
MANIAC / Los Alamos computer
Manneback, Charles
Marconi, Guglielmo
Marks I-IV, see H. H. Aiken Marquand, Allan
Maskelyne, Nevil, Astronomer Royal
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, analog developments, digital developments, Radiation Laboratory, see also Bush, Forrester, Whirlwind
Massey, Sir Harrie Stewart Wilson
mathematical tables, Babbage, Comrie, W. J. Eckert, lunar tables, need for, see also lunar theory
mathematics, in Princeton, in Göttingen, numerical analysis, numerical meteorology
Mathieu, Claude Louis
Mauchly, John William
Mauchly, Kathleen McNulty (Mrs. John W. Mauchly)
Mauchly, Mary (Mrs. John W. Mauchly)
Maxwell, James Clerk
Mayberry, John Patterson
Mayer, Johann Tobias
Mayer, Joseph Edward
McCarthy, John
McClelland, Dr. George William, president of University of Pennsylvania
McCulloch, Warren Sturgis
McDougall, Sir Robert
McDowell, William Wallace
McMahon, Brian, U.S. Senator
McNulty, Kathleen, see Mauchly,
Kathleen McNulty McPherson, John Cloud
McShane, Edward James
Meagher, Ralph Ernest, chief engineer of ORDVAC and ILLIAC
mechanics institutes, see also Birkbeck
Melville, Richard W.
Menabrea, General Luigi F.
Metropolis, Nicholas Constantine, see also Los Alamos and MANIAC
Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co.
Mexico
Michael, Robert
Michelson, Albert Abraham
Mill, John Stuart
Miller, J. C.
Millikan, Robert Andrews
Monte Carlo Method
Montgomery, Deane
Moore, Edward Forrest
Moore, Eliakim Hastings
Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania
Morgenstern, Oskar
Mork, Ralph C.
Morley, Edward Williams
Morrey, Charles Bradfield, Jr.
Morrison, Philip and Emily
Morse, Anthony Perry
Morse, Harold Marston, professor at the Institute for Advanced Study
Morse, Philip McCord
Moseley, Mabeth
Motooka, Tohru
Mott, Sir Nevill Francis
Motte, A.
Moulton, Forest Ray, family
Moulton, John Fletcher, Lord
MSUDC / Michigan State University Discrete Computer
Mulholland, H. P.
Mullaney, Frank G.
Muller, J. H.
Munich Institute of Technology, see PERM
Mural, Frank
Murray, Francis Joseph
Mussell, H. A.
Napier, John, Laird of Merchiston
Napoleon Bonaparte
National Bureau of Standards, see also DYSEAC, SEAC, SWAC
National Centre for the Study of Telecommunications (CNET)
National Physical Laboratory
Naur, Peter
NDRC / National Defense Research Committee
Neddermeyer, Seth
Needham, Joseph
Nelson, Robert A.
Neovius, Gosta
Neptune, see Adams, Leverrier
Netherlands
Netherlands developments, ARRA, ARMAC, PTERA
network analyzer, see analog devices
Neugebauer, Otto Edward
Newell, Allen
Newman, Maxwell Herman Alexander
Newmark, Nathan Mortimore
Newton, Isaac, ballistics, see also lunar theory
Niemann, C. W.
Nims, Paul T.
Nishino, Hiroji
Noether, Emmy
NORC / Naval Ordnance Research Calculator
Nordheim, Lothar Wolfgang
Nϕrlund, Niels Erik
North, Simon Newton Dexter, first Director of Census Bureau
Northrop Aircraft Co.
Norway
Norwegian developments, NUSSE
Notz, William A.
number theory machines
numerical mathematics, Courant, Friedrichs, and Lewy, von Neumann and colleagues
numerical weather prediction
Nussbaum, Adolph
Nutt, Roy
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oblonsky, Jan
Oettinger, Anthony Gervin
OAR / Office of Air Research
Öhlmann, Hermann
ONR / Office of Naval Research
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, director of Institute for Advanced Study
ORACLE / Oak Ridge Automatic Computer Logical Engine
order modification, see also index registers
Ordnance Department, see also ENIAC, EDVAC, Gillon ordnance office
ORDVAC / Ordnance Variable Automatic Computer
ORI / Office of Research and Inventions, see ONR
OSRD / Office of Scientific Research and Development
Ostrowski, Alexander Marcus
Oughtred, William
Overhoff, Gerhard
Oxford University
Palm, Conny
Panagos, Peter
Panofsky, Hans
Pascal, Blaise
Pascal, Etienne, father of Blaise
Pauli, Wolfgang
Pauling, Linus Carl
Peacock, George
Peano, Giuseppe
Pearl, Raymond
Pearson, Karl
Peck, Leslie Gilbert
Peel, Sir Robert
Peirce, Charles Santiago Sanders
Pekeris, Chaim Leib, see also WEIZAC
Pender, Harold, first dean of Moore School
Pendergrass, J. T.
Pennsylvania, University of, see Moore School of Electrical Engineering Pepys, Samuel
Perlis, Alan J.
PERM / Programmgesteurte Elektronische Rechenanlage Munchen
Peru
Petersen, Richard
Petersen, Karen Richard (Mrs. Richard Petersen)
Peter the Great
Pfister, Johann
Phillips, Norman A.
Piatt, Donald R.
Picone, Mauro
Pidgin, Charles F.
Pierce, Richard Scott
Pilot Ace, see also ACE
Piloty, Hans
Piloty, Robert
Piore, Emanuel Ruben
Pisula, Karl
Pitcher, Arthur Everett
Pitt, William
Pitts, Walter H.
Plana, Baron Giovanni
Planck, Max
planning and coding, see programming
Piatt, Joseph Beaven
Platzman, George William
Poincaré, (Jules) Henri
Polish developments
Polya, George
Pomerene, James Herbert
Pontecoulant, Louis Gustave Le Doulert, Comte de
Porter, Robert P., Superintendent of 1890 Census
Post, Emil L., see also Turing
Pouliart, William
Powell, Col. G. F.
Power, Lt. John J.
Powers, James
Powers Tabulating Machine Co., see also Sperry Rand
Price, Derek J. deSolIa
Priestley, Joseph
Princeton University
Proclus Diadochns
product integrals
Proebster, Walter
programming, the ENIAC, flow diagrams, languages and early developments of automatic programming, stored program concept
punch card machines, Billings, Hollerith, and Powers, see also Comrie, Eckert, W. J., IBM machines
Queney, Paul
Rabi, Isador Isaac
Rabinowitz, Irving Nathaniel
Rademacher, Hans
Radiation Laboratory, see Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Radio Corporation of America, relation to Institute for Advanced Study, the Selectron
Rajchman, Dr. Jan Aleksander
Rameev, B. I.
Rand Corporation, JOHNNIAC
Rathbone, John F.
Ratz, Laszlo
Rayleigh, Lord (Strutt, John William, 3rd Baron)
Raymond, François Henri
Rees, David
Rees, Mina (Mrs. Leopold Brahdy), retired president of Graduate School, City University
Reid, Constance
Reid, Thomas
Reitwiesner, George
Remington Rand Corporation, see Sperry Rand Corporation Reno, Frank V.
Reuyl, Dirk
Rex, Daniel Ferrell
Reynolds, Osborne
RI / Relay Interpolator
Richards, Alfred Newton
Richardson, James H.
Richardson, Lewis Fry
Richardson, Sir Owen Williams
Richtmyer, Robert Davis
Rickover, Hyman, Admiral
Ridenour, Louis N.
Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bemhard
Ritchie, Col. Samuel B.
Riverbank Laboratories
Robertson, James Evans
Robinson, Abraham
Robinson, George
Rochester, Nathaniel
Rockefeller Foundation
Rockwood, Charles R., Jr.
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Rosen, Saul
Rosenberg, Jack
Rossby, Carl-Gustav
Roth, John Paul
Royal Institution
Rubinoff, Morris
Rubinstein, Harvey
Rumanian developments, CIFA
Russell, Bertrand Arthur William (3rd Earl)
Russell, Henry Norris
Russian developments, BESM, KRISTALL, Ml, M2, N12, PAGODA, STRELA, URAL,
Rutherford, Sir Ernest
Rutishauser, Heinz
Rutledge, Joseph Dela
Sachs, Robert Green,SAMAS
Samelson, Klaus
Sammet, Jean
Sayre, David, Scheutz, Edvard, son of P. G. Scheutz
Scheutz, Pehr Georg, builds and uses difference engine
Schickard, Wilhelm, invents first digital computer
Schiff, Leonard Isaac
Schilt, Jan
Schlüter, Alf
Schmitt, William F.
Schoenberg, Isaac Jacob
Scholten, Carel S.
Schopf, Andreas
Schreyer, Helmut
Schröder, Ernst
Schrödinger, Erwin
Schurig, Otto R.
Schütte, Walter
Schwarzschild, Martin
science and commerce
Scott, Norman Ross
SEA / Société, d’Electronique et d’Automatisme
SEAC / Standards Electronic Automatic Computer, see National Bureau of Standards
Selberg, Hedi (Mrs. Atle Selberg)
Selectron
Selmer, Ernest S.
Shackelford, Lt. Col. James Murdoch
Shakespeare, William
Shannon, Claude Elwood
Shapiro, H.
Shapley, Harlow
Sharpless, T. Kite
Shaw, Robert F.
Shaw, Sir William Napier
Sheffer stroke
Sheldon, John Waldo
Sheppard, C. Bradford
Sheridan, Peter B.
Sherman, Seymour
Shockley, William Bradford
Shuman, Frederick Gale
Silliman lectures
Simon, Maj. Gen. Leslie Earl
Slater, John Clarke
Slocum, Capt. John
Slotnick, Daniel Leonid
Slutz, Ralph Jeffery
Smagorinsky, Joseph
SMIL, / Siffersmaskinen I Lund
Smith, Adam
Smith, Charles Victor Lovett
Smith, David Eugene
Smith, John Lynn
Smith, J. N.
Smith, V. W.
Smithsonian Institution, computer exhibits, Henry, founding secretary of
Smoliar, Gerald
Snyder, Elizabeth, see Mrs. Elizabeth Holberton
Snyder, Richard L.
Societies: Academie des Sciences, Analytical, British Association, Mathematical, National Academy, Philosophical, Polish Academy, Royal, Royal Astronomical, Teleological, Warsaw Scientific
Somerville, Mary
Sommerfeld, Arnold
Speiser, Ambros P.
Spence, Frances Bilas (Mrs. Homer Spence)
Spence, Homer
Sperry Gyroscope Co., see Sperry Rand Corp.
Sperry Rand Corporation, ERA, LARC
series machines, Powers, UNIVAC, see also Eckert, J. P., Mauchly
Spitzer, Jean (Mrs. Frank L. Spitzer)
SSEC / Selective Sequencer Electronic Calculator, see also IBM machines
Stanhope, Charles, Earl of
Steffensen, James
Steinhaus, Huge
Steinmetz, Charles Proteus
Stemme, Erik
Stern, Hal.
Stephenson, George
Sternberg, Sidney
Stern, Abraham
Sterne, Theodore Eugene
Stetson, George
Stewart, H. R.
Stibitz, George Robert, pioneers at Bell Laboratories
Stickles, Albert L.
Stiefel, Eduard Ludwig
Staffer, W. W., Jr.
Stratton, Samuel Wesley
Strömgren, Bengt George Daniel
Sullivan, R.
Svoboda, Antonin
SWAC / Standards Western Automatic Computer
Sweden
Swedish developments in modern times, see also BARK, BESK, SMIL
Swiss developments, see also ERMETH
Switzerland
Sydney, University of, SILLIAC
Syria
Szilard, Leo
Tabulating Machine Company, see also Computer-Tabulating Recording Co.
Tait, Peter G.
Takahasi, Hidetosi
Takahashi, Shigeru
Tamerlane
Taton, R.
Tatum, G. Liston
Taub, Abraham Haskell
Taussky, Olga (Mrs. John Todd)
Taylor, A. J. P.
Taylor, Sir Geoffrey Ingram
Taylor, Hugh S., Dean of Graduate College, Princeton University
Telford, Thomas
Teller, Edward
Tennyson, Alfred, 1st Baron
Thackeray, William Makepeace
Thomas, Llewellyn Hilleth
Thompson, Philip Duncan
Thomson, Elihu
Thomson, James
Thomson, Sir Joseph J.
Thomson, Sir William, see Kelvin
Todd, John
Toma, V.
Tomkinson, Charles H.
Tompkins, Charles Brown
Tonik, A.
Tootill, G. C
torque amplifiers
Torres-Bodet, Dr. Jaime, Director-General of UNESCO
Torres y Quevedo, Leonardo
Transue, William Reagle
Travis, Irven A.
Trefftz, Elenore
Trevelyan, George Macaulay
Trowbridge, William Pettit
Truesdell, Leon E.
Truman, Harry
Tuck, James Leslie
Tuckerman, Bryant
Tukey, John Wilder
Turing, Alan Mathison
Turing, Sara, mother of Alan M.
Turkevich, Anthony
Turkey
Turski, W. M.
Twain, Mark
Ulam, Stanislaw Marcin
Ulugh Beg, Tamerlane’s grandson
UNESCO, establishes International Computation Centre
Unger, Heinz
Union of International Technical Associations
Union of Sounth Africa
UNIVAC / Universal Automatic Computer, see aho Sperry Rand
Uranus
Urey, Harold Clayton
Uruguay
USSR, see Russian developments
U.S. Weather Bureau
Uttley, Dr. Albert Maurel
Valach, M.
Vance, Arthur W.
van Dantzig, D.
van der Corput, J. G.
van der Poel, William Louis
van der Waerden, B. L.
Vandiver, Harry Shultz
Vanuxem lectures
van Wijngaarden, Adrian
Vauquois, B.
Veblen, Oswald, at Aberdeen, at Princeton University and at the Institute for Advanced Study
Veblen, Thorstein
Verne, Jules
Veronis, George
Vestine, Ernest Harry
Vieta, François
Vinti, John Pascal
von Helmholtz, Hermann
von Karman, Theodore
von Neumann, John Louis, automata theory and neurophysiology, background and early life, computers, ENIAC, EDVAC, hydrodynamics and Los Alamos, Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton, logical design and programming, numerical analysis, numerical meteorology, relations with Oppenheimer
von Neumann, Klara Dan
Wakelin, James Henry, Jr.
Walters, Lawrence R.
Walther, Alwin
Ware, Willis Howard
Warren, S. Reid, Jr.
Warshaw, Jules
Watson, Thomas J., Astronomical Computing Bureau
Watson, Thomas J., Sr., see also International Business Machines Corp. Watson, Thomas J., Jr., see also International Business Machines Corp.
Watt, James
Weaver, Warren
Wegstein, J. H.
Weierstrass, Karl W. T.
Weik, Martin H.
Weinberger, Arnold
Weiner, J. R.
Wellington, Duke of
Wells, Herbert George
Wentworth, Lady
Wescoff, Marilyn
West German developments, see also DERA, PERM, Zuse Wexler, Harry
Weygandt, Cornelius J., Jr.
Weyl, Hermann, professor at the Institute for Advanced Study
Weyl, Fritz Joachim
Wheatstone, Sir Charles
Wheeler, David J.
Wheeler, John Archibald
Whirlwind
White, Milton Grandison
Whitehead, Alfred North
Whitman, Marina von Neumann (Mrs. Robert Whitman)
Whittaker, Sir Edmund Taylor
Wiberg, Martin
Widell, Gustav Adolf
Wiener, Norbert
Wigner, Eugene
Wilbraham, Henry
Wilkes, Maurice Vincent, see also EDSAC
Wilkinson, James H.
Wilks, Samuel Stanley
Willcox, Walter F.
Williams, Frederic Calland, see also MADM
Williams, Samuel Byron
Williams tubes, see
Williams, F. C. Wilson, L. D.
Wilson, Woodrow
Winger, Wayne D.
Winograd, Shmuel
Womersley, John R.
Wong, S. Y.
Wood, Benjamin D.
Woodbury, Max Atkin
Woodbury, William W.
Woodger, M.
Work, Capt. Robert E.
Wylie, J.
Xavier, Charles de Colmar, of Alsace
Yale University
Yamashita, Hideo
Zemanek, Heinz
Zermelo, Ernst
Zierler, W.
Ziller, Irving
Zippin, Leo
Zobel, Otto J.
Zornig, Hermann H.
Zug, Richard Seth
Zuse, Konrad, a key pioneer in computer field
Zuse apparatebau
Zworykin, Dr. Vladimir Kosma