APPENDIX 1
CANID SPECIES AND CLASSIFICATION

THIS LIST INCLUDES SPECIES OF CANIDS, their known geologic age, and their known geographic range. For living canids, we follow Wozencraft (1993); Tedford, Taylor, and Wang (1995); and Wang, Tedford, et al. (2004b). For fossil canids, we follow Wang (1994) for Hesperocyoninae; Wang, Tedford, and Taylor (1999) for Borophaginae; and Berta (1981, 1987, 1988) for South American Caninae. A forthcoming monograph on North American fossil Caninae by Tedford, Wang, and Taylor describes a number of new species; these are variously listed as “sp. A,” “sp. B,” and so on, in order to avoid nomenclatural confusions before they are officially published. There is currently no comprehensive synthesis on Eurasian and African canids, and our list is a compilation from various literatures, and we did not include many of the poorly documented species or species from questionable records. The general sequence of the genera and species follows their approximate position in phylogeny; that is, primitive taxa are listed first and followed by more advanced taxa. The abbreviations are: Af, Africa; As, Asia; E, Early; Eoc, Eocene; Eu, Europe; L, Late; M, Middle; Mio, Miocene; NAm, North America; Oligo, Oligocene; Pleist, Pleistocene; Plio, Pliocene; R, Recent; SAm, South America.