Appendix

Positive and Negative Freedom
Positive freedom
Negative freedom

Freedom

value of values

absence of barriers

Preposition

freedom to

freedom from

Question

why?

how?

Attitude

creative

certain

Source

people in the world

external forces

Task

becoming individuals

removing barriers

Government

must be made for freedom

must be dismantled for freedom

Speech

truth and risk

impulse and impunity

Body

Leib Körper

Others

bodies, individuals, possibilities

barriers, problems, commodities

Beginning

bloody birth

abstract adulthood

Virtues

real, plural, and challenging

irrelevant, single, or private

Truth

horizon, connector

opinion, barrier

Thought

reasonability

rationality

Science

engagement with the world

one opinion among others

Internet

politics

nature

Markets

one useful institution among others

source of freedom

Oligarchy

impedes freedom

side effect of freedom

Racism

historical, requires reflection

personal, irrelevant to freedom

Communism

important warning

too much government

Fascism

present danger

too much government

Totalitarianism

error of single value or truth

too much government