Appendix

Table 1. Number of Western Federation of Miners Locals, 1900–1909

Area	1900	1901	1902	1903	1904	1905	1906	1907	1908	1909
Arizona	2	5	7	16	17	14	14	14	17	16
Colorado	27	28	32	43	43	38	35	30	24	22
Idaho	8	10	10	9	10	10	9	8	10	13
Montana	16	20	28	27	27	28	26	25	28	26
Nevada	4	4	10	10	11	13	15	20	38	36
New Mexico	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
Utah	0	2	3	4	12	10	10	12	13	11
Wyoming	1	1	0	2	3	3	3	3	1	1
Total	58	70	90	111	124	117	112	112	131	125
Source: January issues of The Miners Magazine for each year.

Table 2. Votes for Socialist Party Candidates for President, Total and as Percentage of Total Votes, 1900–1920*

Area	1900	1904	1908	1912	1916	1920
Arizona	—	—	—	3,163	3,174	—
	—	—	—	(13.4)	(5.5)	—
Colorado	686	4,303	7,960	16,366	9,951	7,860
	(0.3)	(1.8)	(3.0)	(6.2)	(3.4)	(2.7)
Idaho	—	4,949	6,400	11,960	8,066	38
	—	(6.8)	(6.6)	(11.3)	(6.0)	—
Montana	711	5,675	5,920	10,811	9,634	—
	(1.1)	(8.9)	(8.6)	(13.5)	(5.4)	—
Nevada	—	925	2,103	3,313	3,065	1,864
	—	(7.6)	(8.6)	(16.5)	(9.2)	(6.9)
New Mexico	—	—	—	2,859	1,997	—
	—	—	—	(5.9)	(3.0)	—
Utah	717	5,767	4,890	8,899	4,460	3,159
	(0.8)	(5.7)	(4.5)	(8.0)	(3.1)	(2.2)
Wyoming	21	987	1,715	2,760	1,459	—
	(0.1)	(3.2)	(4.6)	(6.5)	(2.8)	—
National	86,935	402,489	420,380	900,369	589,924	913,664
	(0.62)	(2.9)	(2.8)	(5.99)	(3.18)	(3.42)
*1900 figures are for Debs as the nominee of the Social Democratic party.
Source: Congressional Quarterly, Guide to U.S. Elections (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, Inc., 1975): 281–286; The American Labor Year Book 1917–1918 (New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1919): 338–339.

Table 3. Socialist Party Yearly Membership Averages, Selected Years, 1909–1918

Area	1909	1912	1913	1914	1915	1916	1917	1918
Arizona	280	687	498	460	441	549	437	180
Colorado	881	1,976	1,030	1,237	714	797	848	583
Idaho	673	1,667	818	905	765	884	495	190
Montana	711	1,647	1,428	1,589	1,057	721	461	123
Nevada	240	652	670	614	330	443	98	91
New Mexico	175	278	140	191	182	278	138	91
Utah	341	772	518	448	252	401	346	324
Wyoming	533	685	690	648	495	751	383	299
Region	3,834	8,364	5,792	6,092	4,236	4,824	3,206	1,881
National	41,479	113,371	92,173	93,579	79,374	83,138	80,128	NA
Sources: “Membership,” The Socialist (January 16, 1909): 2; The American Labor Year Book 1916–1917 (New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1918): 95–96; random party records in Socialist Party of America Papers, 1897–1963 (on microfilm), William R. Perkins Library, Duke University, Durham, N.C.

Table 4. Subscribers Appeal to Reason, Total Number and as Percentage of Population, Selected Dates, 1906–1912

Area	December 1906	March 1907	January 1909	January 1912	May 1912
Arizona	2,775	3,319	1,765	1,999	2,126
	(16.3)	(18.6)	(9.09)	(8.69)	(9.24)
Colorado	8,201	8,676	5,559	7,654	9,355
	(11.8)	(12.0)	(7.18)	(9.26)	(11.31)
Idaho	2,604	2,867	1,788	4,946	6,144
	(10.1)	(10.5)	(5.84)	(14.2)	(17.7)
Montana	3,578	3,936	4,136	3,733	5,506
	(11.1)	(11.8)	(11.4)	(9.10)	(13.4)
Nevada	1,206	1,498	1,501	1,659	1,544
	(18.3)	(21.4)	(19.2)	(20.5)	(19.1)
New Mexico	1,261	1,498	2,526	3,171	3,325
	(4.6)	(5.24)	(8.09)	(9.52)	(9.98)
Utah	2,645	2,944	2,493	896	1,485
	(7.8)	(8.63)	(6.79)	(2.3)	(3.82)
Wyoming	1,095	1,265	1,098	1,357	1,407
	(8.9)	(9.96)	(8.01)	(8.7)	(9.02)
National	271,563	300,506	293,746	465,362	533,054
	(3.2)	(3.5)	(3.3)	(4.9)	(5.65)
Sources: Subscription figures from The Appeal to Reason (April 13, 1907): 3; (January 23, 1909): 4; (January 13, 1912): 4; (May 25, 1912): 4; also U.S. Census estimates for 1906, 1907, 1909, and 1912.

Table 5. Persons per Subscriber to Appeal to Reason, Socialist Party Member, and Vote for Debs, 1908–1909

Area	Per Subscriber to Appeal, January 1909	Per Party Member Avg. 1909	Per Vote for Debs 1908
Arizona*	116	730	107
Colorado	144	907	100
Idaho	182	484	51
Montana	91	529	64
Nevada	54	341	39
New Mexico**	130	1,870	310
Utah	150	1,095	76
Wyoming	133	274	85
Region	126	687	82
Nation	311	2,209	216
* Vote for governor in 1908 (1,912).
** Vote for representative to Congress in 1908 (1,056).
Sources: Information in Tables 2–4; U.S. Census for 1910; “The Vote for Socialist Party Ticket in the United States,” International Socialist Review 15 (February 1915): 486.

Table 6. Party Membership and Debs Vote, 1912

Area	Party Membership 1912	Debs Vote 1912	Membership as a Percentage of Debs Vote	Debs Votes Per Member
Arizona	687	3,163	22	4.6
Colorado	1,976	16,366	12	8.3
Idaho	1,667	11,960	14	7.2
Montana	1,647	10,811	15	6.6
Nevada	652	3,313	20	5.1
New Mexico	278	2,859	10	10.3
Utah	772	8,899	9	11.5
Wyoming	685	2,760	25	4.3
Region	8,364	60,131	14	7.2
Nation	113,371	900,369	13	7.9
Source: Information in Tables 2 and 3.

Table 7. Membership Vote on Removal of Berger from the National Executive Committee, 1905

Area	Yes	No	Percent Yes
Arizona	38	19	67
Colorado	92	24	79
Idaho	87	93	48
Montana	82	48	63
Nevada	—	—	—
New Mexico	—	—	—
Utah	35	28	56
Wyoming	25	21	54
Region	359	233	61
National	4,215	4,718	47
Source: Social Democratic Herald (September 23, 1905): 1.

Table 8. Membership Vote on Removal of Haywood from the National Executive Committee, 1913

State	Yes	No	Percent Yes
Arizona	174	54	75
Colorado	404	332	55
Idaho	270	175	61
Montana	245	436	36
Nevada	116	164	41
New Mexico	58	9	87
Utah	70	90	44
Wyoming	95	50	66
Region	1,432	1,314	52
National	23,436	11,674	67
Source: Weekly Bulletin, Socialist Party (March 1, 1913): n.p., in Socialist Party of America Papers, 1897–1963 (on microfilm), William R. Perkins Library, Duke University, Durham, N.C.

Table 9. “Slackers” in World War I*

State	Number Called	Failed to Appear	Percentage Failed
Arizona	2,213	525	26
Colorado	24,547	1,888	8
Idaho	9,207	832	9
Montana	28,441	3,854	14
Nevada	5,474	1,179	22
New Mexico	10,491	1,334	13
Utah	12,416	1,053	8
Wyoming	2,733	399	7
Region	115,422	16,264	14
Nation	3,082,949	252,294	8
*Adapted from “First Complete Official Record of Draft,” The New York Times (January 20, 1918): 1.