CONTENTS

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Foreword to the Princeton Classics Edition		xv
Preface to the 2004 Expanded Edition		xxi
Preface		xxix
PART ONE
CHAPTER ONE Political Philosophy and Philosophy		3
I	Political Philosophy as a Form of Inquiry	3
II	Form and Substance	4
III	Political Thought and Political Institutions	7
IV	Political Philosophy and the Political	9
V	The Vocabulary of Political Philosophy	12
VI	Vision and Political Imagination	17
VII	Political Concepts and Political Phenomena	20
VIII	A Tradition of Discourse	21
IX	Tradition and Innovation	23
CHAPTER TWO Plato: Political Philosophy versus Politics		27
I	The Invention of Political Philosophy	27
II	Philosophy and Society	32
III	Politics and Architectonics	37
IV	The Search for a Selfless Instrument	47
V	The Question of Power	51
VI	Political Knowledge and Political Participation	54
VII	The Limits of Unity	58
VIII	The Ambiguities of Plato	61
CHAPTER THREE The Age of Empire: Space and Community		63
I	The Crisis in the Political	63
II	The New Dimensions of Space	65
III	Citizenship and Disengagement	70
IV	Politics and the Roman Republic	75
V	The Politics of Interest	79
VI	From Political Association to Power Organization	82
VII	The Decline of Political Philosophy	85
CHAPTER FOUR The Early Christian Era: Time and Community		86
I	The Political Element in Early Christianity: The New Notion of Community	86
II	The Church as a Polity: The Challenge to the Political Order	95
III	Politics and Power in a Church-Society	103
IV	The Embarrassments of a Politicized Religion and the Task of Augustine	108
V	The Identity of the Church-Society Reasserted: Time and Destiny	111
VI	Political Society and Church-Society	115
VII	The Language of Religion and the Language of Politics: Footnote on Mediaeval Christian Thought	118
CHAPTER FIVE Luther: The Theological and the Political		127
I	Political Theology	127
II	The Political Element in Luther’s Thought	128
III	The Bias against Institutions	136
IV	The Status of the Political Order	139
V	The Political Order without Counterweight	143
VI	The Fruits of Simplicity	145
CHAPTER SIX Calvin: The Political Education of Protestantism		148
I	The Crisis in Order and Civility	148
II	The Political Quality of Calvin’s Thought	151
III	The Political Theory of Church Government	158
IV	The Restoration of the Political Order	160
V	Political Knowledge	164
VI	Political Office	166
VII	Power and Community	170
CHAPTER SEVEN Machiavelli: Politics and the Economy of Violence		175
I	The Autonomy of Political Theory	175
II	The Commitments of the Political Theorist	182
III	The Nature of Politics and the Categories of the New Science	187
IV	Political Space and Political Action	195
V	The Economy of Violence	197
VI	Ethics: Political and Private	200
VII	The Discovery of the Mass	205
VIII	Politics and Souls	211
CHAPTER EIGHT Hobbes: Political Society as a System of Rules		214
I	The Revival of Political Creativity	214
II	Political Philosophy and the Revolution in Science	218
III	The Promise of Political Philosophy	222
IV	The Language of Politics: The Problem of Constituency	230
V	Political Entropy: The State of Nature	235
VI	The Sovereign Definer	238
VII	Power without Community	243
VIII	Interests and Representation	248
IX	Politics as a Field of Forces	252
CHAPTER NINE Liberalism and the Decline of Political Philosophy		257
I	The Political and the Social	257
II	Liberalism and the Sobrieties of Philosophy	263
III	The Political Claims of Economic Theory	268
IV	The Eclipse of Political Authority: The Discovery of Society	273
V	Society and Government: Spontaneity versus Coercion	277
VI	Liberalism and Anxiety	282
VII	Beyond the Pleasure Principle: The Problem of Pain	292
VIII	Liberalism and Moral Judgments: The Substitution of Interest for Conscience	297
IX	Liberalism and Conformity: The Socialized Conscience	307
CHAPTER TEN The Age of Organization and the Sublimation of Politics		315
I	The Age of Organization	315
II	Identifying a Tradition of Discourse	319
III	Organization and Community	325
IV	Rousseau: The Idea of Community	330
V	Freedom and Impersonal Dependence	334
VI	Saint-Simon: The Idea of Organization	336
VII	Organization Theory and Methodology: Some Parallels	342
VIII	Organization, Method, and Constitutional Theory	348
IX	Communal Values in Organization	352
X	The Attack on Economic Rationalism	360
XI	Organization Theory: Rationalism versus Organicism	364
XII	The Attack on the Political	371
XIII	Elite and Mass: Action in the Age of Organization	376
XIV	Concluding Remarks	384
PART TWO
CHAPTER ELEVEN From Modern to Postmodern Power		393
I	Celebrating the Death of the Past	393
II	The Baconian Vision of Power	395
III	Cultivating Mind and Method	397
IV	Modern Power Realized	399
V	Modern Power and Its Constituent Elements	400
VI	Containing Power	402
CHAPTER TWELVE Marx: Theorist of the Political Economy of the Proletariat or of Uncollapsed Capitalism?		406
I	Marx and Nietzsche: Economy or Culture?	406
II	Marx and the Theoretical Vocation	407
III	Marx and the Idea of a Political Economy	410
IV	Working through the Idea of Democracy	412
V	The Power of Theory	415
VI	The Politics of Economy: The 1844 Manuscripts	416
VII	The Historical Origins of Power	420
VIII	Power, Force, and Violence	423
IX	Modern Power Revealed	425
X	Marx and Locke: Parallel Narratives	427
XI	The Alienation of Power	430
XII	The Worker as Political Actor	432
XIII	Capitalism and the Political Shaping of the Working Class	435
XIV	Capital: Contradiction and Crisis	436
XV	Inheriting the Power-System of Capital	438
XVI	The Status of Politics	439
XVII	The Question of Dictatorship	440
XVIII	The Paris Commune	445
XIX	Anticipating the End of Politics	448
XX	Defending a Post-politics	450
XXI	Underestimating the Capitalist	452
CHAPTER THIRTEEN Nietzsche: Pretotalitarian, Postmodern		454
I	From Economy to Culture	454
II	“Some are born posthumously”	456
III	The New Nietzsche	457
IV	Totalitarianism as a Form	458
V	Nietzsche: A Political Theorist?	460
VI	The Theorist as Immoralist	462
VII	The Politics of Critical Totalitarianism	464
VIII	The Extraordinary versus the Normal	467
IX	The Totalitarian Dynamic	468
X	The Extermination of Decadence	471
XI	Cultural Wars	472
XII	The Crisis of Nihilism	474
XIII	The Aesthete and the Herd	475
XIV	The Politics of Culture	477
XV	A New Elite	479
XVI	The Theorist of Anti-theory	481
XVII	Rediscovering Myth	484
XVIII	The Making of the Herd	485
XIX	Myth and Theory	486
XX	Looking for a New Dionysius	489
XXI	Nietzsche as Political Analyst	490
XXII	The Will-to-Power in the Twentieth Century	492
CHAPTER FOURTEEN Liberalism and the Politics of Rationalism		495
I	Popper, Dewey, and Rawls: Playing Out Liberalism	495
II	The Closed Society	496
III	The Open Society	500
IV	Hints of an Emerging Ambiguity	502
V	Dewey: The Philosopher as Political Theorist	503
VI	Bacon Redivivus	504
VII	Educating for Power	506
VIII	Democracy’s Means: Education	507
IX	Democracy and Economy	508
X	The Contest over Science	510
XI	The Idea of a Public	511
XII	Great Society and Great Community	513
XIII	The Scientific Community as Model Democracy	514
XIV	The Fading Aura of Science	518
XV	Totalitarianism and Technology	519
XVI	Totalitarianism and the Reaction against Democracy	520
XVII	Democratic Revival?	522
CHAPTER FIFTEEN Liberal Justice and Political Democracy		524
I	Liberalism on the Defensive	524
II	Freedom and Equality: Liberal Dilemma	525
III	John Rawls and the Revival of Political Philosophy	529
IV	Economy and Political Economy	530
V	Justice and Inequality	531
VI	The “Original Position” and the Tradition of Contract Theory	536
VII	Liberalism and Its Political	538
VIII	Rawls’s Genealogy of Liberalism	540
IX	The Reasonableness of Liberalism	542
X	The Threat of Comprehensive Doctrines	545
XI	Liberal Political Culture	547
XII	Liberalism and Governance	551
XIII	Neo-liberalism in the Cold War	551
CHAPTER SIXTEEN Power and Forms		557
I	Old and New Political Forms	557
II	Superpower and Terror	559
III	Modern and Postmodern Power	562
IV	Political Economy: The New Public Philosophy	563
V	Collapsed Communism and Uncollapsed Capitalism	565
VI	Political Economy and Postmodernism	566
VII	The Political and Its Absent Carrier	567
VIII	The Demythologizing of Science	568
IX	Rational Political Science	570
X	Political Science and the Political Establishment	574
XI	The Odyssey of the State: From Welfare to Superpower	575
XII	Faltering Vision	578
XIII	Towards Totality	579
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Postmodern Democracy: Virtual or Fugitive?		581
I	Postmodern Culture and Postmodern Power	581
II	Nietzschean Pessimism Transformed	582
III	The Self as Microcosm	584
IV	Centrifugals and Centripetals	585
V	Centripetal Power	587
VI	The Political Evolution of the Corporation	587
VII	Empire and the Imperial Citizen	590
VIII	Superpower and Inverted Totalitarianism	594
IX	The Limits of Superpower?	594
X	A Land of Political Opportunity	595
XI	Capital and Democracy	596
XII	Democracy at Bay	598
XIII	Postrepresentative Politics	599
XIV	Fugitive Democracy	601
Notes		607
Index		741