ONE OF THE MOST memorable events of my long journalistic career was the series of interviews I conducted with Arnold Crombeck, the infamous ‘death gardener’ of Wimbledon, England, shortly before he was hanged in the summer of 1954.1 was a young woman then, fresh from Vassar, and I’d been sent over by a big New York daily to cover the tennis. Sportswriting held little interest for me in 1954, and it holds even less today, so when a call came into the office from Mr Crombeck’s lawyer saying that his client was eager to meet with the American press, I quickly volunteered for the assignment. Crombeck’s appeal had already been turned down, and his execution was fixed for the morning of July 17 – less than two weeks away.
Now, a woman reporter really had to prove herself in those days, otherwise all she’d get to write about was fashion and tennis. I was ambitious; I was eager to show that I could handle hard news as well as any man – this was why I’d jumped at the Arnold Crombeck story. But how to approach it? I decided that the human-interest angle was the one to go for here. Accordingly, I became curious about the state of mind of a man who, having murdered quite promiscuously for a number of years, was about to find himself on the receiving end. What must it feel like? I asked myself. I thought the folks back home might be curious too, if I served it up the right way. And so, armed with pencils and notebooks and cigarettes and questions, I made my way to Wandsworth.
This is one of the big London prisons, built like a fortress, and you feel nervous about going in; you can’t help thinking they might not let you out again. They were quite gruff with me. No institution likes the press inside its walls, and to make matters very much worse, I was a woman, and an American. But the paperwork was in order, and in due time I was cleared. A dour man in a black uniform and black peaked cap led me off through the prison on what seemed an interminable journey, broken every few yards by locked doors. At last we reached a visitors’ room with a tiled floor and a small barred window set high in the wall. There was a stout wooden table scarred with cigarette burns, and a chair on either side of it; nothing else. There I was told to wait.
I laid my notebook on the table. I lit a Chesterfield and watched the smoke swirling through the bars of bright sunshine that came streaming through the window. The room was painted a drab green to within a few feet of the ceiling, at which point it unaccountably turned off-beige. A twisted fly-paper dangled from the electrical cord; it was black with insects, many of them still struggling in their last agonies. Then the door clanged open, and I was in the presence of the ‘death gardener’ himself.
Arnold Crombeck was a small man, bald, and wearing round, horn-rimmed spectacles. His prison clothes – gray shirt, gray trousers – were immaculately clean, and freshly pressed. The man himself wore an expression I can only describe as ‘owlish’. He peered at me with an intensely eager expression, then advanced smartly across the room, shook my hand, and sat down. The guard took up his position with his back to the door, and fixed his eyes on a point high on the opposite wall.
Now, I hadn’t as yet decided quite how I should present Arnold Crombeck to the American public. I thought, if I start by telling them everything he’s done, then they’ll see only the monster, and not the man. But if I show the man first, and then tell them what he’s done — well, that’s altogether the more interesting approach. So I took careful note of my first impressions.
I suppose I’d expected that someone capable of the crimes Arnold Crombeck had committed would be coarse and stupid. I was surprised, then, to find not only that this little man could speak with wit and erudition on a wide range of topics, but that he had made precisely the same assumptions about me – simply because I was American! That first meeting, then, was one in which we quietly corrected each other’s preconceptions.
I asked him how he found prison life. Quite tolerable, he told me; he’d always been a voracious reader, he said, and they’d allowed him some of his books. His only complaint was that there were no plants. He was, he said, with no trace of irony, a keen amateur gardener, and not to have green, growing things around him was torture. They wouldn’t even let him have a vase of flowers. This struck him as a pretty callous piece of bureaucratic indifference. He was going to be hanged, after all; he was going to pay his debt. Why, then, he should be deprived of the comfort of a few green things in his last hours he failed to understand. ‘A bunch of lupines would brighten the cell nicely,’ he said.
He then asked me where I was from, and on hearing the word California he became quite excited. He was familiar with newspaper accounts of the last hanging carried out in San Quentin, and they apparently confirmed that Americans were no good at hanging people. It was just as well, he said, that ‘you’ve gone in for gas chambers and electric chairs instead’. He himself was fortunate in that he was going to be hanged by the English method, and in an English prison. All this he told me with a bright smile, his spotlessly clean hands laid flat on the table. There’s an art to hanging people, he told me. You have to watch for two things: (a) — and here he placed the tip of one index finger on the tip of the other – that death comes instantaneously; and (b) – index on middle finger – that it leaves as few marks on the body as possible. ‘You people could never manage it,’ he said. ‘You always tore the bloke’s head off. I’ve read Mencken on the subject. Know your problem?’
I didn’t.
‘Bad noose. For a quick, clean hang, what you want is not the old “hangman’s knot”. We don’t use it.’
‘No?’
‘Running noose,’ he said. ‘Absolutely essential. A metal ring is woven into one end of the rope.’ He made of his thumb and index finger a circle. ‘The other end is passed through to form the loop. Makes for a faster drop, you see. The ring is placed under the angle of the left jaw’ – he indicated the place on his own jaw — ‘so the chin tilts back, and the spinal cord’ – he put his fingers on the back of his neck — ‘is ruptured between the second and fifth cervical vertebrae. Death’ — he snapped his fingers — ‘is instantaneous. No blood to the brain, you see.’ He looked at me expectantly, as if to say, even an American can appreciate that, surely.
All this, he said, would happen to him next week. He’d be taken into the shed and stood over the drop. He planned to refuse the cap. ‘A lever is pulled,’ he said. ‘The bolts slide back, the trapdoors fall – and down I go! Then, with a crisp snap!, my descent is arrested forever. The whole thing,’ he added, ‘should take about fifteen seconds, handled competently.’
It was hard to know quite what to say. But Arnold had not finished. After that, he said, his heart would maintain a gradually diminishing beating for perhaps ten or twelve minutes. ‘My legs will draw up a bit,’ he said, ‘but not violently. I hope to God there’ll be no urine spilled, and no seminal emission. Above all’ – he grinned at me — ‘no erection. I have to be buried in these trousers!’
I grinned back, rather weakly. ‘The prospect of dying doesn’t alarm you?’ I managed to say.
‘Dying? Good Lord no.’ He shook his head. ‘I deserve it, oh, I richly deserve it. I’m Arnold Crombeck, after all,’ he said, with a twinkle. ‘I’m the mild-mannered monster of Wimbledon!’
At this he rose and gave me his hand. ‘Miss Kennedy, it’s been a pleasure,’ he said. ‘Perhaps we can talk again in a few days?’
I said that would be fine.
‘Good. Shall we say Friday, then? Same time?’
I left Wandsworth in a state of mild shock. Nothing had prepared me for the sprightly charm of this macabre little man. I found it necessary to reread the newspaper accounts of the trial, just to remind myself that I was dealing with a cold-blooded killer, a psychopathic personality, a man said to be brutal, remote, and indifferent to the plight of others. I found myself dreading the next meeting, but at the same time looking forward to it with a perverse sort of fascination. It was with a particularly delicious thrill of horror that I remembered his concern about the state of his trousers in the immediate aftermath of his execution. The man was vain about his own corpse!
There was, I remember, some kidding at the office, not all of it good-natured, about my Arnold Crombeck story. Some of the men were disturbed that I wasn’t sticking to fashion and tennis. I realized then that it was crucial that I see this one through, and make a good job if it, Fortunately, my editor was supportive. After I’d filed the first installment he told me that the response had been good. There was plenty of space that summer, he said, for a grisly yarn about a loony Limey. I returned to Wandsworth on Friday feeling briskly optimistic.
And once again I had to wait in the front office for forty-five minutes for clearance; and then the long trek down corridors and stairwells, with a silent, disapproving man in a black uniform beside me, the whole grim trip punctuated by the jangle of big keys, the opening and closing of thick doors, and the intense stares of the men we passed — men who looked as if they hadn’t seen a woman in ten years, and probably most of them hadn’t. And so to that dingy little visitors’ room at the heart of the prison, with its gently twisting flypaper and its bars of hot, bright sunshine.
Arnold was, again, crisp and alert. He seemed delighted to see me. His eyes gleamed behind his spectacles, and he sat down, as before, with his hands laid flat on the table and his cigarettes and matches between them, lined up perfectly perpendicular to the edge of the table.
‘How did you feel, Mr Crombeck,’ I began, ‘when the police caught you?’
And then something rather dreadful happened. All the pleasure drained from Arnold’s face. The gleam in his eye turned glassy. He said, in a very icy voice: ‘The police did not catch me, Miss Kennedy, I thought you were familiar with my case.’
He watched me carefully. The man at the door quietly cleared his throat, and shifted his weight from foot to foot. Did this mean something?
‘Forgive me, Mr Crombeck. Let me rephrase my question. Would you describe for my readers the circumstances of your arrest?’ Christ, I thought, I have to flatter the little bastard!
He appeared somewhat mollified, but the original warmth was gone. He asked me, rather sardonically, if I knew how many murders he’d committed. I gave him the figure I’d read in the English papers. He said it was imprecise, but that it would do. He then pursued a rather horrible train of thought for some minutes, elaborating on the idea of murder as one of the fine arts. Apparently the notion was not original with him; Thomas De Quincey, the opium eater, had articulated it a hundred years before. Then he described to me in detail the sensations that accompany the act of murder, and by this time I knew that he was simply trying to revolt me. He was succeeding, too, but I was damned if I’d show it. His tone, throughout, was bitterly sarcastic, and I was furious with myself for having lost his sympathy. I kept forgetting that I was dealing – as he himself had admitted — with a monster!
Well, he came to believe, he said, that his ‘oeuvre’ was complete – ‘adequate for posterity’, as he put it — and so he invited the police to ‘admire his garden’. He finished up with an account of his arrest. He stressed the quiet and orderly manner in which it was conducted. He praised the British police force. ‘I expect if it had happened in your country,’ he said drily, ‘I’d have gone down in a hail of bullets, wouldn’t I? The idea is most unattractive. And I don’t think I’d want to be hanged in America, either, Miss Kennedy. Or gassed. Or electrified. No, a short drop on a running noose, then – snap!’ He snapped his fingers. ‘That will suit me nicely. Have a cigarette.’
I took a cigarette. I needed it. For some moments Arnold smoked in silence, while I scribbled in my pad. I suddenly noticed how many flies were buzzing about the ceiling of that hot little room; and then I became aware that Arnold was smiling at me! The bile had drained off, he was happy once more, he was smiling at me! ‘Gardens,’ he said softly. ‘We must talk about gardens, Miss Kennedy.’
And then, indeed, we talked about gardens – or rather, he talked about gardens, he talked about nature, and I glimpsed the delicate flame of humanity that yet flickered in his heart. I did not take notes, and only later reconstructed his general drift. ‘When I speak of my garden,’ he said, ‘I do not mean the Wimbledon garden, Miss Kennedy. That was a fairly modest affair, but I left it a better garden than I found it, which is something to be proud of . . . I grew some lovely flowers in that soil . . . No, when I speak of my garden, I have in mind the ideal garden. Do you believe in God, Miss Kennedy? Well, imagine God Almighty suddenly saying to you: “You may have any garden on earth, Miss Kennedy.” What would you choose? I know what I would choose. I would choose an English country garden. Without a moment’s hesitation.’
Arnold’s eyes were bright. He went on to describe the clipped hedges this God-given garden of his would have, the shady, graveled walks, the bower thick with crimson rambler where he would sit and read on summer days. There would be a pond, he said, in the shade of a weeping willow tree, where goldfish darted among the stems of water lilies, and insects drifted across the glinting and shadow-dappled surface; and set against a dark box hedge nearby, garden figures of nymphs, and sylphs, and goddesses, all in stone . . . He described in loving detail these stone figures, then paused and gazed at me, his head craning forward and his face glowing, though his hands were, as ever, flat and still upon the table. ‘The lawn is as smooth as velvet, Miss Kennedy, and the flowers – the flowers! – my garden is ablaze all summer, Miss Kennedy, with sweet William, with irises and peonies, with carnations, wallflowers, and Canterbury bells! . . .’
I left Wandsworth emotionally exhausted. Time spent in Arnold’s company allowed for no relaxation, no ease. He engaged one, at every moment. It was extraordinarily stimulating; it was also extraordinarily debilitating. I went back to my hotel and took a hot bath, feeling weak and somewhat queasy. That night I vomited violently for the first time since I was a little girl, and I had bad diarrhea too. Nevertheless, I went into the office the next day and filed my story. I was pale and unsteady, and in no mood for the gibes of the men. I was to sec Arnold once more, on the following Tuesday. Two days after that he would hang.
I did not spend a happy weekend. I read over my notes and prepared for Tuesday. I would, I decided, write one more piece on Arnold Crombeck the man — build it around his country-garden fantasy, maybe – and then I’d reveal the monster. But it seemed that even thinking about such things was enough to make me ill, for I spent most of the next three days with one end of me or the other stuck in the toilet bowl. I presumed it was English cooking — one of their bloody pork pies or something.
I felt slightly better on Tuesday, but still far from confident. I doubt I’d have felt confident even if I’d been in top form – for in this, the last interview, I planned to ask Arnold about his crimes, about all the women he’d murdered. But as I was once again led down those grim, clanging corridors, I found myself thinking not about his victims, not about all those poor women, but about the man himself. Did death really hold no terrors for him? For now – the chilling thought kept coming back to me – he had less than forty-eight hours to live!
But Arnold’s composure was, as ever, perfect. The question intrigues me still, whether Arnold Crombeck was truly unconcerned about his imminent death, or simply assuming a mask. Was it all a performance? I still wonder. And I think, in the light of what I’ve learned about the human condition over the course of a long and distinguished journalistic career, that it was a performance. I think Arnold Crombeck was deeply terrified of being hanged – that was why he spoke of it in such obsessive detail. I think that the habit of self-restraint, of formality, was so deeply ingrained in him that he could not express his feelings even in extremis. And he did have feelings; there was a man inside the monster – of that I am certain. In the end one cannot but admire his control; it’s very typically Anglo-Saxon, of course, though I wasn’t mature enough to realize it at the time.
His composure was, as I say, perfect; but after a moment he said: ‘Miss Kennedy, you don’t look at all well.’
It was nothing, I told him; an upset stomach, no more. But he was very concerned, and offered to postpone the interview, although, as he said with a small smile, his schedule was ‘rather tight’ the next day or so, and after that – ‘how would you put it, Miss Kennedy? I shall be out of town. Indefinitely!’
But I wouldn’t hear of it, and after further assurances that I was quite well enough to continue, I broached my question. Arnold got the point immediately. ‘Ah,’ he said. ‘Methodology.’
He was then silent for a moment, apparently gathering his thoughts. All was as usual – the guard at the door, the flies, the heat. It was a very hot summer, 1954, by British standards. Then he spoke.
‘I have always been a neat man,’ he said slowly. ‘I was taught. the importance of good tailoring early in life . . . Do you know Max Beerbohm, Miss Kennedy? A fine stylist; you would do well to study his constructions. Max says: “The first aim of modern dandyism is the production of the supreme effect through means the least extravagant.” The same, I think, is true of murder.’
Like a preacher, Arnold proceeded to develop his text. I was not feeling at all well, and the content of Arnold’s ‘sermon’ did little to improve matters. Nevertheless, I scribbled dutifully, mindlessly, as he spoke of his distaste for certain ‘techniques’. ‘Who can take pleasure in an ax murder, after all?’ he said. ‘Can you imagine the mess, Miss Kennedy?’
‘Some murders are better than others, then?’
‘Oh, good Lord, of course they are.’
‘Such as?’
‘Well, I have more respect for a drowner,’ he said. ‘Have you heard of G.J. Smith?’
I had not.
‘Brides-in-the-bath man. True monster. Grew careless toward the end of his career; hanged at Maidstone in the summer of 1915. He didn’t die well.’ Arnold shook his head. ‘Have to die well,’ he murmured, drumming his fingers on the table – the first and only manifestation of anxiety I ever saw in the man. ‘I’ve drowned,’ he went on. ‘Never from choice, always out of necessity. There’s an art to it; there’s a right way and a wrong way, as in everything else . . . But you know my method, don’t you, Miss Kennedy?’ The eyes gleamed behind the spectacles; the hands were flat on the table once more.
‘You’re a poisoner.’
‘Precisely. And it’s as a poisoner that I hope to be remembered.’ He became very matter-of-fact at this point, very formal. ‘I only poisoned women, Miss Kennedy, and I poisoned them three at a time.’ He waited till I’d got that down. He seemed concerned that this segment of the interview be accurately recorded. ‘Do you know what I would do with them then?’
‘Tell me,’ I said. I had read the papers, of course, but I wanted to get it straight from the horse’s mouth, as it were.
‘I posed them.’
‘You posed them.’
‘That’s right. Have a cigarette, Miss Kennedy. I grouped them and draped them. I arranged them. I derived genuine aesthetic pleasure from it.’
‘This was after -?’
‘After they’d died, yes. I came to think of them as tableaux morts.’
He had to spell that one out for me.
‘And it always seemed such a pity to have to dismantle them when the sun went down. But one day it occurred to me that I didn’t have to.’
‘Didn’t have to what, Mr Crombeck?’ My mouth was drv as a bone, and my head was spinning. I could barely see the pad in front of me.
‘Didn’t have to dismantle them, Miss Kennedy. Not immediately, at any rate. I could keep them around for a few days, cohabit with them. And you know what I found?’
‘No.’
‘I found I could sleep like a baby with dead women in the house. You obviously don’t suffer from insomnia, Miss Kennedy, so you won’t understand what this means.’
‘And then?’ I was close to blacking out.
‘Oh,’ he said, ‘then I planted them. Put them in the garden.’
‘I see.’
‘Got all that, Miss Kennedy?’
I had.
‘Strange bird, the mind, eh?’
Well, that was the heart of darkness as far as Arnold Crombeck was concerned. He was willing, he told me, to go into greater detail if I wished; but that was quite enough for me. He seemed pleased. He terminated the interview shortly afterward. He shook my hand warmly and said he hoped I’d be feeling better soon. Then he nodded to the guard, and left the room. And that was the end of our relationship – or so I thought.
• • •
When I got back to the hotel I went straight to bed – and stayed there, apart from trips to the bathroom, for the next two days. I was really very ill, but I thought that I’d merely ‘eaten something’, and didn’t call a doctor. On Thursday morning I listened to the BBC news. A crowd of at least two hundred people, most of them women and children, had gathered outside the gates of Wandsworth Prison, and at shortly after eight o’clock, when the black flag was run up, cheering broke out and lasted for ten minutes. Poor Arnold.
Half-an-hour later, I received a call from Scotland Yard. They told me not to go anywhere, and that an ambulance was on its way; and within a few minutes I was being wheeled out of the hotel, with a doctor in close attendance. I don’t remember much about all this, quite frankly; I was very weak. When I was fully conscious again, I found myself propped up in a hospital bed. I’d had all my blood changed, they told me, a total transfusion.
‘But why?’
They gave me a letter which, they said, had been found in Arnold Crombeck’s cell shortly after he was hanged. I opened it with trembling fingers.
‘Dear Miss Kennedy,’ it began, in beautiful copperplate script. ‘If you are able to read this, then I must apologize for causing you so much unpleasantness. I did enjoy our talks, but I’m afraid I couldn’t resist the temptation to try just one more; one for the road, as we say. I’ve always wanted to murder an American, so when they sent you along, and you were female to boot – well, I indulged myself, I’m afraid.
‘Doubtless you’re wondering how I managed it. It was not complicated. One flypaper soaked in water for twenty-four hours produces enough arsenic in solution to poison any normal person. Simple enough matter then to transfer it to cigarettes. But you know, the effectiveness of any poison depends to a large extent on the constitution of the victim, and if you can read this then I congratulate you. I’ve always heard you were a robust people . . .
[There followed several paragraphs that concern only Arnold and me.]
‘I have very little time left, so I must close. Don’t forget me, Miss Kennedy; and pray God I don’t ruin these trousers, for as you know, I should hate to be planted not looking my best.
‘Arnold Crombeck.’
• • •
I still have that letter, and I certainly never did forget him. And as for his trousers, I contacted the prison authorities as soon as I got out of the hospital, and learned that for once Arnold had got his facts wrong. Executed convicts are buried within the prison walls, in a lime pit – stark naked. But if he had been buried in his trousers -? I asked them. And you can rest assured, Arnold, wherever you arc, that your trousers were spotless to the end.