Index

abiraterone

Ablatherm®

ablation

ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone)

active surveillance (AS)

adjuvant hormonal therapy

advanced cancer

adverse effects

see also complications

aflibercept

age

AKT pathway

anaesthesia

anastomotic strictures

anatomy of prostate

androgens

ANPs (accessory distal neural pathways)

anterior fibromuscular stroma

anti-androgens

antigen-specific approach

antigens

APCs (antigen presenting cells)

apical dissection

apoptosis rates

ASAP (atypical small acinar proliferation)

atrasentan

B lymphocytes

benign lesions morphology

benign prostatic enlargement (BPE)

bicalutamide

biology of prostate cancer

biopsies

false negatives

repeat

screening

ultrasound-guided

bladder

bone metastases

BPE (benign prostatic enlargement)

brachytherapy

BRCA2 gene

bulbourethral ducts

c17,20-lyase

CAB (combined androgen blockade)

cabazitaxel

calcium deposits

cardio–pulmonary disease

castration, surgical/medical

castration-resistant disease

cavernous nerves

cavitation

CBCT (cone beam CT)

CD46/55/59/97 membrane-bound regulatory proteins

CDKN1B gene

cell-based immunotherapy

central zone

chromosomal abnormalities

chronic inflammation

clinical trials

abiraterone

active surveillance

atrasentan

cryotherapy

HIFU

hormone treatment

immunotherapy

intensity modulated RT

LHRH antagonists

screening

vaccines

zibotentan

colliculus

colon preparation

combined androgen blockade (CAB)

combined Gleason grade

complications

biopsies

cryosurgical ablation

laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

open radical prostatectomy

computed tomography (CT)

concentric zones concept (McNeal)

cone beam CT (CBCT)

costs

Cowper's glands

CRPC (castration-resistant prostate cancer)

cryotherapy

CT (computed tomography)

CTLA-4 antigen

CyberKnife®

CYP17 microsomal enzyme

cytokines

cytological atypia

D90

da Vinci robot

dasatinib

day case brachytherapy

Denonvillier's fascia

denusomab

diagnosis

diethylstilboestrol

diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI)

disease progression

DNA vaccine

docetaxel

DRE (digital rectal examination)

DVC (dorsal vein complex)

DWI (diffusion-weighted MRI)

dynamic MRI

EBRT (external beam radiotherapy)

ED (erectile dysfunction)

ejaculatory ducts

ELAC2 gene

elastography

endocrine treatment

endopelvic fascia

endothelin receptor antagonists

environmental factors

epigenetic changes

eplenerone

equilibrium phase

erectile dysfunction (ED)

ERSPC (European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer)

escape phase

estramustine

ETS gene family

EUS (external urethral sphincter)

external beam radiotherapy (EBRT)

extraperitoneal approach

false negatives

FAP-1 protein

fascial structures

fiducial markers

flutamide

focal procedures

gene polymorphisms

genetic factors

germline mutations

Gleason score system

GM-CSF

GnRH

goserelin

grading of tumours

GSTP1 gene

guidelines

GVAX platform

haematoma, pelvic

haemorrhage, post-biopsy

harm/benefit ratio, screening

HIFU (high intensity focused ultrasound)

historical aspects

HMGB1 protein

hormonal therapy

HSP (Heat Shock Protein)

17α-hydroxylase activity

hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis

hypoxia, micro-environment

IDO (indoleamine,3-dioxygenase)

IFN-γ (interferon γ)

IGRT (image-guided radiotherapy)

imaging

computed tomography

diagnostic

image-guided radiotherapy

magnetic resonance

plain

radionuclide bone scintigraphy

types

ultrasound

guided biopsies

high-intensity focused

trans-rectal

immune system

immunoediting

immunology

immunosuppression

immunotherapy

targeted treatment

IMPACT trial

IMRT (intensity modulated radiotherapy)

incontinence, urinary

indoleamine,dioxygenase (IDO)

inflammation, chronic

intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)

internal urethral sphincter

intracranial pressure

inverse square law

inverse technique

iodine-125

ipilimumab

iridium wires

Joule–Thompson effect

ketoconazole

KK3 gene

laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

levator fascia

LH (luteinising hormone)

LHRH (luteinising hormone-releasing hormone) antagonists

lithotomy position

LMTK2 gene

localised disease

LUTS (lower urinary tract symptoms)

lymphadenopathy

lymphovascular supply

McNeal's zones

MDV3100 oral androgen receptor antagonist

membrane-bound inhibitory proteins

metastatic disease

abiraterone

bone

scans

escape phase

micro-metastases

MHC

micro-metastases

microbubble enhancement

mitoxantrone

monoclonal antibodies

morphology of prostate cancer

mortality rates

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

MRS (magnetic resonance spectroscopy)

MSMB gene

MSR1 gene

multi-parametric MRI

mutations, germline

myeloid suppressor cells

natural history

needle biopsies

neoadjuvant hormonal therapy

nerve-sparing procedures

neuroanatomy

NICE (National Institute for Clinical Excellence) guidelines

NK (natural killer) cells

NKX3.1 gene

non-targeted biopsies

novel treatments

nuclear abnormalities

NVB (neurovascular bundle)

anatomy

focal nerve-sparing primary cryotherapy

prostate surgery

laparoscopic

obesity

open radical prostatectomy

orchidectomy

over-treatment

overdiagnosis

p27 gene

palpation

PAP (prostatic acid phosphatase)

particle therapy

pathology of prostate cancer

patient selection

active surveillance

brachytherapy

cryotherapy

HIFU

laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

patient-related factors

PCA-3 gene

PCLO (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovary) screening trial

pedicle control

pelvic sagittal section

peripheral zone

PIN (prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia)

plain imaging

PNB (predominant neuromuscular bundle)

PNP (proximal neurovascular plate)

polymorphisms

port placement

post-operative period

posterior relations of prostate

pre-operative period

prednisone

presenting symptoms

primary cryotherapy

ProgensaTM PCA-3 test

prognostic factors

progression of prostate cancer

prostatectomy

radical

laparoscopic

open

robotic-assisted

prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)

prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)

ProstVAC

proximal neurovascular plate (PNP)

PSA (prostate-specific antigen)

mRNA

post-HIFU monitoring

screening

testing

pseudo-infiltrative patterns

psychological stress

PTEN gene

radical prostatectomy

laparoscopic

open

robotic-assisted

radio-fiducials

radioactive isotopes

radiotherapy

external beam

image-guided

intensity modulated

particle therapy

tomotherapy

volumetric arc

stereotactic

raised intracranial pressure

RARP (robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy)

reactive stroma

RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours)

rectum

anatomical position

digital examination

surgical injury

trans-rectal US

repeat biopsies

rF-PSA

risks

active surveillance

age

biopsies