/*
 Theme Name: Kolbert
 Theme URI: https://pressbooks.com/themes/pressbooks-kolbert
 Description: Named for Elizabeth Kolbert, this is a classic theme suited equally well for fiction and non-fiction.
 Author: Pressbooks (Book Oven Inc.)
 Author URI: https://pressbooks.com
 Copyright 2011-2017 Book Oven Inc. (Pressbooks.com) code@pressbooks.com
 Version: 1.3.1
 Template: pressbooks-book
 Tags: Literary, Non-fiction
 */
/* $color2: #D61331; /* titles, headers, captions, pullquotes */
/*
 This file must validate as CSS 2.01 with absolutely no errors
 + http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/
 + http://idpf.org/epub/20/spec/OPS_2.0.1_draft.htm#Section3.0
 */
/* PRESSBOOKS EPUB FALL-BACK STYLESHEET FOR VARIOUS SPECIAL THINGS
 in development
 copyright 2013-2014 Book Oven Inc. */
.license-attribution img {
  height: 2em;
  width: auto; }

/* HEADERS */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, h1.front-matter-title, h1.part-title, h2.chapter-title, h1.back-matter-title {
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  page-break-after: avoid; }

/* DISPLAY NONE
 IN VARIOUS CIRCUMSTANCES
 ========================= */
.display-none {
  display: none; }

/* this ONLY works/is declared in EPUB, ignored in MOBI & PDF */
.epub-display-none, .not-epub {
  display: none; }

.web-only {
  display: none; }

.pdf-only {
  display: none; }

/* This is used in the PDF to generate a short book title & chapter title for running headers
 in the case that the chapter title is too long. It's spurious in the EPUB, should always be
 display: none; */
.short-book-title {
  display: none; }

.short-title, h6.short-title {
  display: none; }

/* Invisible Parts are invisible */
.part.invisible {
  display: none; }

/* Numberless chapters have no chapter numbers */
div.chapter.numberless h3.chapter-number {
  display: none; }

/* Blank page ... this is to add a blank page in PDF ... */
div.blank-page {
  display: none; }

/* SECTION BREAKS */
div.ugc > h3.section-break {
  text-align: center;
  text-indent: 0;
  margin-top: 1em;
  margin-bottom: 1em; }

div.ugc > h3.section-break-space {
  visibility: hidden;
  text-align: center;
  text-indent: 0;
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0; }

div.ugc > h3.section-break-page {
  text-align: center;
  text-indent: 0;
  margin-top: 1em;
  margin-bottom: 1em;
  page-break-after: always; }

/* PAGE-BREAKS */
.page-break-after {
  page-break-after: always; }

.page-break-before {
  page-break-before: always; }

/* PARAGRAPH STYLING */
.no-indent, p.no-indent, div.ugc p.no-indent, div.ugc.chapter-ugc p.no-indent, div.ugc > p.no-indent, div.chapter-ugc > p.no-indent, div.front-matter p.no-indent, div.back-matter p.no-indent, div.ugc p.indent.no-indent, div.ugc.chapter-ugc p.indent.no-indent {
  text-indent: 0 !important;
  margin-top: 1em !important; }

body, p {
  widows: 2; }

/* FOOTNOTES, ENDNOTES & SUPS */
sup, sup.footnote {
  font-size: 0.8em;
  line-height: 1; }

/* Footnote - internal "para" styling */
span.fn_p {
  display: block;
  text-indent: 1.5em; }

span.fn_blockquote {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.95em;
  margin-left: 1.5em;
  margin-top: 0.5em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em; }

/* NO WRAP, NO HYPHENS */
.nowrap, span.nowrap {
  white-space: nowrap; }

.no-hyphens, span.no-hyphens, p.no-hyphens {
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none; }

/* TOC SECTIONS */
#toc ul.sections {
  padding-top: 0.5em !important;
  padding-bottom: 0.5em !important;
  margin-left: 2em !important; }

#toc li.section {
  font-style: italic; }

/* TABLES */
table {
  max-width: 100%;
  margin-top: 1.5em;
  margin-bottom: 1.5em;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 0.9em; }

table caption {
  font-weight: bold;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  line-height: 1.1; }

table td, table th {
  padding: 5px;
  line-height: 1.1;
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: middle; }

table p {
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table.lines tr {
  border-top: 1px solid #000;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #000; }

table.no-lines tr, table.no-lines td {
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  border-bottom: 0; }

table.shaded, th.shaded, tr.shaded, td.shaded {
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th.border, tr.border, td.border {
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table, table tr, table th {
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.no-border, table.no-border, table.no-border tbody, table.no-border th, table.no-border tr, table.no-border td, table.no-border tfoot, table.no-border thead {
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  border-right: none;
  border-bottom: none;
  border-left: none; }

/* TEXTBOXES */
.textbox, .bcc-box {
  border: 1px solid #000;
  margin: 10px 0;
  padding: 10px; }
  .textbox p, .bcc-box p {
    margin-top: 0; }
  .textbox.shaded, .shaded.bcc-box {
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  .textbox.learning-objectives, .learning-objectives.bcc-box, .bcc-box.bcc-highlight, .textbox.bcc-highlight, .bcc-highlight.bcc-box {
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    padding: 2% 3%;
    margin-inside: auto;
    margin-outside: auto;
    float: none;
    background-color: #f7f7f9; }
    .textbox.learning-objectives h3, .learning-objectives.bcc-box h3, .bcc-box.bcc-highlight h3, .textbox.bcc-highlight h3, .bcc-highlight.bcc-box h3 {
      color: #fff;
      margin: -2% -3% 15px;
      padding: 15px 0;
      text-align: center; }
    .textbox.learning-objectives h3, .learning-objectives.bcc-box h3, .bcc-box.bcc-highlight h3, .textbox.bcc-highlight h3, .bcc-highlight.bcc-box h3 {
      border-top-left-radius: 4px;
      border-top-right-radius: 4px;
      background-color: #111; }
  .textbox.key-takeaways, .key-takeaways.bcc-box, .bcc-box.bcc-success, .textbox.bcc-success, .bcc-success.bcc-box {
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    margin-bottom: 15px;
    padding: 2% 3%;
    margin-inside: auto;
    margin-outside: auto;
    float: none;
    background-color: #eaf5ea; }
    .textbox.key-takeaways h3, .key-takeaways.bcc-box h3, .bcc-box.bcc-success h3, .textbox.bcc-success h3, .bcc-success.bcc-box h3 {
      color: #fff;
      margin: -2% -3% 15px;
      padding: 15px 0;
      text-align: center; }
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      border-top-right-radius: 4px;
      background-color: #3a7a33; }
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    margin-bottom: 15px;
    padding: 2% 3%;
    margin-inside: auto;
    margin-outside: auto;
    float: none;
    background-color: #e3eff6; }
    .textbox.exercises h3, .exercises.bcc-box h3, .bcc-box.bcc-info h3, .textbox.bcc-info h3, .bcc-info.bcc-box h3 {
      color: #fff;
      margin: -2% -3% 15px;
      padding: 15px 0;
      text-align: center; }
    .textbox.exercises h3, .exercises.bcc-box h3, .bcc-box.bcc-info h3, .textbox.bcc-info h3, .bcc-info.bcc-box h3 {
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      border-top-right-radius: 4px;
      background-color: #0b6396; }
  .textbox.examples, .examples.bcc-box {
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    padding: 2% 3%;
    margin-inside: auto;
    margin-outside: auto;
    float: none;
    background-color: #f3e1e3; }
    .textbox.examples h3, .examples.bcc-box h3 {
      color: #fff;
      margin: -2% -3% 15px;
      padding: 15px 0;
      text-align: center; }
    .textbox.examples h3, .examples.bcc-box h3 {
      border-top-left-radius: 4px;
      border-top-right-radius: 4px;
      background-color: #7a333a; }

.textbox-caption {
  display: block;
  font: bold 0.875em Helvetica, Arial;
  margin: 0; }

.interactive-content__icon {
  display: none; }
.interactive-content p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  text-align: left; }

/* INDEX  */
.index .ugc {
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 0.9em; }

div.index .ugc p, div.index .ugc p.indent, div.index .ugc p.nonindent, .index div + p {
  padding-left: 1.5em !important;
  text-indent: -1.5em !important;
  text-align: left; }

.index .ugc h3.section-break-space {
  visibility: hidden;
  text-align: center;
  text-indent: 0;
  margin-top: 1em;
  margin-bottom: 1em; }

.index .ugc p.sub-entry {
  padding-left: 2.5em; }

/* DROPCAPS */
span.firstcharacter {
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 2em;
  line-height: 1 !important;
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0; }

/* SIDEBAR */
div.sidebar {
  width: 35%;
  float: right;
  margin-left: 0.75em;
  margin-right: 0;
  padding: 0.75em;
  background-color: #e6e6e6;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  font-style: italic;
  text-align: left !important; }

.clear {
  clear: both; }

.front-matter .license-attribution > p, .chapter .license-attribution > p, .back-matter .license-attribution > p {
  text-align: left;
  line-height: 1.4;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  font-style: italic;
  margin-top: 2em;
  page-break-inside: avoid; }
.front-matter .license-attribution img, .chapter .license-attribution img, .back-matter .license-attribution img {
  margin-bottom: 0.25em; }

/* GENERAL DEFAULT STYLES */
body {
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  line-height: 1.4em; }

a {
  text-decoration: none; }

/* BODY HEADINGS
 ================= */
/*  BODY HEADERS */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  line-height: 1.1em;
  font-weight: normal;
  text-align: left; }

div.ugc h1, div.ugc h2, div.ugc h3, div.ugc h4, div.ugc h5, div.ugc h6 {
  margin-bottom: 1em;
  margin-top: 2em; }

div.ugc h1 {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  word-spacing: 2px;
  page-break-after: avoid;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none; }

div.ugc h2 {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  word-spacing: 2px;
  page-break-after: avoid;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none; }

div.ugc h3 {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  page-break-after: avoid;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none; }

div.ugc h4 {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: italic;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  page-break-after: avoid;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none; }

div.ugc h5 {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  page-break-after: avoid;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none; }

div.ugc h6 {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 0.95em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: italic;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  page-break-after: avoid;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none; }

div.ugc h1 + p, div.ugc h2 + p, div.ugc h3 + p, div.ugc h4 + p, div.ugc h5 + p {
  margin-top: 0; }

/* TITLE PAGE
 ================ */
#title-page {
  margin: 5%;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none; }

#title-page h1.title {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 2.5em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: italic;
  text-transform: none;
  font-variant: normal;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  font-size: 2em;
  margin-top: 2em; }

#title-page h2.subtitle {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  font-variant: normal;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  color: inherit;
  margin-top: 1em;
  padding-top: 5px; }

#title-page h3.author {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  font-variant: normal;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  font-size: 1em;
  color: inherit;
  margin-top: 2em; }

#title-page div.pb-publogo-wrap {
  padding-top: 30px;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: left; }

img.pb-publogo {
  width: 10%;
  height: auto;
  margin-left: 0 !important;
  margin-right: 90%;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  display: block;
  float: none; }

img.pb-publogo-wide {
  width: 20%;
  height: auto;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  display: block; }

#title-page h4.publisher {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: italic;
  text-transform: none;
  font-variant: normal;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  color: inherit; }

#title-page h5.publisher-city {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: italic;
  text-transform: none;
  font-variant: normal;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  color: inherit;
  margin-top: -0.5em; }

/* FRONT-MATTER STYLING 
 ======================= */
/* COPYRIGHT */
#copyright-page {
  margin: 10%; }

#copyright-page p {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  text-indent: 0;
  text-align: left;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em; }

/* DEDICATION */
div.dedication {
  margin-top: 5em;
  margin: 10%;
  text-indent: 0; }

div.dedication p {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: italic;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  text-indent: 0;
  margin-top: 1em; }

div.dedication .front-matter-title-wrap h1.front-matter-title {
  border-bottom: 0px; }

/* EPIGRAPH */
div.epigraph {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: italic;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  margin: 10%; }

div.epigraph p {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: italic;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  text-indent: 0;
  margin-top: 1em; }

div.epigraph .front-matter-title-wrap h1.front-matter-title {
  border-bottom: 0px; }

/* TABLE OF CONTENTS new
 ======================= */
#toc {
  margin: 5%; }

#toc h1 {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: italic;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: 0;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  margin-bottom: 2em;
  display: block;
  padding-bottom: 1.5em; }

#toc ul {
  line-height: 1.2em; }

#toc ul, #toc li {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0; }

#toc li {
  margin-bottom: 0.25em; }

#toc ul .front-matter, #toc ul .back-matter {
  margin-bottom: 0.25em; }

#toc a {
  border: none;
  color: inherit; }

#toc a:after {
  font-style: normal;
  text-decoration: none; }

/* TOC FRONT-MATTER/BACKMATTER */
#toc .front-matter {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none; }

#toc li.front-matter.introduction span.toc-chapter-title {
  font-style: normal; }

#toc .back-matter {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none; }

#toc .front-matter + .part, #toc .front-matter + .chapter, #toc .chapter + .back-matter, #toc .part + .backmatter {
  margin-top: 1.3em; }

/* TOC PARTS */
#toc .part .toc-chapter-title {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  font-size: 1.2em;
  margin: 1.3em 0 1.3em;
  text-align: left; }

/* TOC CHAPTER STYLING  */
#toc span.toc-chapter-title {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  font-size: 1em;
  text-align: left;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  margin-top: 0.5em;
  display: block; }

#toc span.chapter-author {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  display: block;
  padding-left: 2em;
  margin-bottom: 0.3em; }

#toc span.chapter-subtitle {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  display: block;
  padding-left: 2em;
  margin-bottom: 0.3em; }

#toc span.chapter-subtitle + span.chapter-author {
  margin-top: -0.5em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em; }

/* CHAPTER & PART TITLES:
 TITLES, NUMBERS, SUBTITLE, AUTHOR, APHORISM
 FONT-MATTER & BACKMATTER 
 ============================================= */
/* DISPLAY NONE:
 REMOVES CHAPTER NUMBERING 
 ON FRONT-MATTER + BACK-MATTER TITLES */
.display-none, .front-matter-number, .back-matter-number {
  display: none; }

.part-title-wrap h3.part-number {
  /*	display: none; */ }

.display-none, h3.front-matter-number, h3.front-matter-number.dedication, h3.back-matter-number {
  display: none; }

/* FRONT-MATTER TITLES */
div.front-matter-title-wrap {
  margin-bottom: 2.5em;
  margin-top: 3em;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none; }

div.front-matter-title-wrap h1.front-matter-title {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  padding-bottom: 1.5em; }

div.front-matter > div.ugc h4.short-title:first-of-type {
  visibility: hidden;
  /* display:none breaks string-set: */
  font-size: 0;
  height: 0; }

/* PART TITLE */
div.part-title-wrap {
  margin-top: 4em;
  margin-bottom: 2em;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none; }

div.part-title-wrap > h3.part-number {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  font-variant: normal;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none; }

div.part-title-wrap > h3.part-number:before {
  text-transform: uppercase;
  content: 'Part '; }

div.part-title-wrap > h1.part-title {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 2em;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  padding-top: 0.5em;
  padding-bottom: 0.5em; }

/* CHAPTER TITLES */
.chapter-title-wrap {
  margin-bottom: 2.5em;
  margin-top: 3em; }

h3.chapter-number {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.25em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  margin-right: 45%;
  margin-left: 45%;
  padding-bottom: 0.5em;
  border-bottom: 1px solid;
  font-size: 1em;
  display: block; }

.chapter-title-wrap h2.chapter-title {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: italic;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: 0;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  padding-bottom: 1em;
  padding-top: 0.5em; }

div.chapter > div.ugc > h4.short-title:first-of-type {
  display: none; }

/* CHAPTER SUBTITLES, CHAPTER AUTHOR & APHORIMS  */
div.ugc.chapter-ugc > h2.chapter-subtitle {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: 0 !important;
  word-spacing: 0 !important;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  margin: -1em 0em 2em 0em; }

div.ugc.chapter-ugc h2.chapter-author {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  word-spacing: 2px;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  padding-top: 0.2em;
  margin-bottom: 2em; }

div.ugc.chapter-ugc .aphorism {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: lighter;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  margin-right: 30%;
  text-indent: 0em;
  margin-bottom: 2em; }

.aphorism cite {
  display: block; }

.aphorism cite::before {
  content: "–"; }

/* BACK-MATTER TITLES */
div.back-matter-title-wrap {
  margin-bottom: 2.5em;
  margin-top: 3em;
  hyphens: none; }

div.back-matter-title-wrap h1.back-matter-title {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none; }

.short-title {
  display: none; }

/*  PARAGRAPHS & BODY TEXT 
 ========================== */
p {
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  line-height: 1.4em;
  margin: 0;
  text-indent: 1em; }

p + p {
  text-indent: 1em;
  margin-top: 0; }

div.ugc p.indent {
  line-height: 1.4em;
  margin: 0;
  text-indent: 1.5em; }

div.ugc p.nonindent, p.nonindent, .nonindent {
  line-height: 1.4em;
  margin: 0;
  text-indent: 0; }

p.no-indent, .no-indent {
  line-height: 1.4em;
  text-indent: 0;
  margin-top: 1em; }

div.front-matter p.no-indent, .no-indent {
  line-height: 1.4em;
  text-indent: 0;
  margin-top: 1em; }

div.back-matter p.no-indent, .no-indent {
  line-height: 1.4em;
  text-indent: 0;
  margin-top: 1em; }

p.hanging-indent, .hanging-indent {
  line-height: 1.4em;
  text-indent: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1em;
  text-indent: -1em; }

/* TABLES */
table {
  font-size: 0.8em;
  display: block;
  margin: 25px 0;
  page-break-inside: avoid; }

table caption {
  text-align: left; }

table caption span {
  font-style: italic; }

thead th {
  font-weight: lighter; }

thead th span {
  font-family: sans-serif;
  font-weight: bold; }

table span {
  font-weight: bold; }

td {
  border-bottom: 1px dotted #000;
  padding: 5px; }

/* DEFINITION LISTS */
dt {
  font-weight: lighter;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  color: #0197B2;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin: 20px 0; }

dd {
  font-weight: lighter;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.85em;
  margin: 20px 0; }

dt, dd {
  display: inline;
  margin: 0; }

dd:after {
  content: "\A";
  white-space: pre; }

/* ORDERED AND UNORDERED LISTS */
ul {
  margin-left: 1em;
  padding-left: 1em; }

ol {
  margin-left: 1em;
  padding-left: 1em; }

li {
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif; }

div.ucg p + ul {
  margin-top: 1em; }

div.ucg p + ol {
  margin-top: 1em; }

/* BLOCKQUOTES */
.blockquote, blockquote {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: justify;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%; }

.bq_2, blockquote.bq_2 {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: justify;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  font-style: italic;
  margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%; }

.bq_2 p, blockquote.bq_2 p {
  text-align: left;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none; }

p.bl_nonindent {
  margin: 0 1em 0;
  text-indent: 0; }

p.bl_indent {
  margin: 0 1em 0;
  text-indent: 1.5em; }

/* SEPARATORS */
hr {
  margin: 10px auto;
  text-align: center;
  width: 20%; }

/* SPECIAL */
cite {
  font-weight: normal; }

/* SPECIAL STYLING 
 ======================= */
/* ASIDES, PULLQUOTES */
aside {
  border-top: 1px solid #000;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #000;
  margin: 2em 10%;
  padding: 10px 0;
  text-indent: 0; }

.pullquote {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.25em;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  border: 1px solid #000;
  border-width: 1px 0;
  margin: 15px 15px 15px 0;
  padding: 5px 0;
  text-align: center;
  width: 45%;
  display: block; }

.pullquote-left {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.25em;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  border-width: 1px 0;
  float: left;
  margin: 15px 15px 15px 0;
  padding: 5px 0;
  text-align: center;
  width: 45%; }

.pullquote-right {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.25em;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  border: 1px solid;
  border-width: 1px 0;
  float: right;
  margin: 15px 0 15px 15px;
  padding: 5px 0;
  text-align: center;
  width: 45%;
  display: block; }

/* TEXTBOXES & DARK BACKGROUNDS */
div.textbox, div.bcc-box {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: justify;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: 300;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  border: 1px dotted;
  margin: 2em 2em 2em 2em;
  padding: 2em; }

div.textbox.shaded, div.shaded.bcc-box {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: justify;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: 300;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none; }

.textbox p, .bcc-box p {
  margin: 10px;
  padding: 10px; }

div.textbox blockquote, div.bcc-box blockquote, div.textbox .blockquote, div.bcc-box .blockquote {
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-style: normal;
  padding: 0 0 0 0.1%; }

.textbox, .bcc-box {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: justify;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: 300;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none;
  background-color: #D8D8D8;
  border-color: #D8D8D8;
  margin: 1em 0 1em 0; }

.textbox.shaded, .shaded.bcc-box {
  color: inherit;
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Times", serif;
  text-align: justify;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-weight: 300;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: none;
  word-spacing: none; }

/* FOOTNOTES  */
.footnotes {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  margin: 1em 0.5em 2em 2em; }

.footnotes-wrap {
  list-style: none;
  display: block;
  margin: 10px 10px 10px 40px; }

.footnotes p + p {
  text-indent: 0;
  text-align: left; }

.footnotes p a {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none; }

/* BACK-MATTER 
 =================*/
/* BIBLIOGRAPHY */
#bibliography .ugc p {
  text-indent: 0;
  margin-bottom: 1em; }

/* INDEX  */
.index .ugc {
  text-align: left; }

.index .ugc div {
  margin-bottom: 4em; }

.index .ugc p {
  font-size: 0.9em;
  padding-left: 1.5em;
  text-indent: -1.5em;
  text-align: left; }

.index .ugc p.sub-entry {
  padding-left: 2.5em; }

/* IMAGES AND CAPTIONS */
/* ===============
 IMAGES & CAPTIONS
 ================= */
/* CAPTIONS */
p.wp-caption-text {
  font-size: 0.9em;
  padding-bottom: 0.5em; }

/* IMAGES - GENERIC */
img {
  height: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 0;
  padding-right: 0;
  display: inline-block;
  page-break-inside: avoid !important; }

/* DIV WRAPPER AROUND CAPTIONED IMAGES AND IMAGES WITH NO CAPTIONS */
div.wp-caption, div.wp-nocaption {
  height: auto;
  width: 80% !important;
  max-width: 80% !important;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 1em 10%;
  page-break-inside: avoid !important; }

/* ALIGN CENTER, RIGHT AND LEFT IMAGES */
/* FOR LEFT AND RIGHT, MAKE ENCLOSING DIV WIDTH=50%, AND STRETCH IMAGE TO WIDTH=100% */
.aligncenter, .wp-caption.aligncenter {
  text-align: center !important;
  width: auto !important;
  page-break-inside: avoid !important; }

.wp-caption.aligncenter img, .aligncenter img {
  display: inline-block !important;
  margin-left: auto !important;
  margin-right: auto !important;
  width: auto !important;
  text-align: center;
  page-break-inside: avoid !important; }

.alignleft, .wp-caption.alignleft, .wp-nocaption.alignleft {
  width: 50% !important;
  max-width: 50% !important;
  margin-right: 1em !important;
  margin-left: 0 !important;
  padding-left: 0 !important;
  margin-top: 1em;
  float: left;
  page-break-inside: avoid !important; }

.alignleft img, .wp-caption.alignleft img, .wp-nocaption.alignleft img {
  width: 100% !important;
  max-width: 100%;
  page-break-inside: avoid !important; }

.alignright, .wp-caption.alignright, .wp-nocaption.alignright {
  width: 50% !important;
  max-width: 50% !important;
  margin-right: 0 !important;
  margin-left: 1em !important;
  padding-right: 0 !important;
  margin-top: 1em;
  float: right;
  page-break-inside: avoid !important; }

.alignright img, .wp-caption.alignright img, .wp-nocaption.alignright img {
  width: 100% !important;
  max-width: 100%;
  page-break-inside: avoid !important; }

/* CSS FOR MOBI */
@media amzn-kf8 {
  div.wp-caption, div.wp-nocaption {
    height: auto !important;
    width: auto !important;
    margin-left: auto !important;
    margin-right: auto !important;
    text-align: center !important;
    page-break-inside: avoid !important; }
  div.wp-caption img, div.wp-nocaption img {
    width: auto;
    page-break-inside: avoid !important; } }

/* PRESSBOOKS MOBI FALL-BACK STYLESHEET ... OVERRIDES JUST ABOUT EVERYTHING
 copyright 2013-2014 Book Oven Inc.
 Version:  2.0
 */
/* embedded fonts broken = ornament fonts broken, so replace them in KF8 */
@media amzn-kf8 {
  .chapter-title-wrap h2.chapter-title::before {
    content: ""; }
  .chapter-title-wrap h2.chapter-title::after {
    content: ""; }
  #title-page h1.title::before {
    content: ""; }
  #title-page h1.title::after {
    content: ""; } }

/* MOBI, oh how we love you mobi ... */
/* publogo begone in mobi ... styling not working */
@media amzn-mobi {
  div.pb-publogo-wrap {
    display: none; }
  img.pb-publogo {
    display: none; }
  img.pb-publogo-wide {
    display: none; }
  .wp-caption {
    text-align: center; }
  .wp-nocaption {
    text-align: center; }
  p.wp-caption-text {
    font-size: 0.8em !important;
    font-style: italic !important;
    margin-bottom: 1em !important;
    text-align: center !important; }
    .chapter .license-attribution img, .front-matter .license-attribution img, .back-matter .license-attribution img {
      width: 88px !important;
      height: 31px !important; } }

/* toc page styling */
@media amzn-mobi {
  #toc {
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
    border: 0;
    text-align: left; }
  #toc h1 {
    font-size: 1em;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal; }
  span.chapter-author {
    display: none; }
  span.chapter-subtitle {
    display: none; }
  span.toc-chapter-title {
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-size: 1em;
    text-align: left; }
  li.front-matter {
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-size: 0.9em; }
  li.part {
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 1.25em;
    text-align: left;
    margin-top: 1em; }
  li.chapter {
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-size: 1em; }
  li.back-matter {
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    text-align: left;
    margin-top: 1em; }
  #toc a {
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal; }
  #toc ul .front-matter, #toc ul .back-matter {
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-size: 1em; }
  #toc .front-matter {
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-size: 1em; }
  #toc .back-matter {
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-size: 1em; }
  #toc .part {
    font-weight: bold;
    margin-top: 1em; }
  #toc li {
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-size: 1em; } }

/* this ONLY works/is declared in MOBI, ignored in EPUB & PDF */
@media amzn-mobi {
  .mobi-display-none {
    display: none; } }

/* standard styling for mobi */
@media amzn-mobi {
  body {
    font-family: serif;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal; }
  p, .ugc p, .chapter-ugc p {
    font-family: serif;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-size: 1em;
    text-align: justify; }
  .nonindent, .no-indent, p.nonindent, p.no-indent, div.ugc p.no-indent, div.ugc p.nonindent {
    font-size: 1em;
    text-indent: 0;
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    font-family: serif;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
    text-align: justify; }
  .indent, p.indent, div.ugc p.indent {
    font-size: 1em;
    text-indent: 1.5em;
    margin-top: 0;
    font-family: serif;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
    text-align: justify; }
  .front-matter-ugc p.indent, .front-matter-ugc p.nonindent, .front-matter-ugc p.no-indent {
    font-size: 1em;
    font-family: serif;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
    text-align: justify; }
  .back-matter-ugc p.indent, .back-matter-ugc p.nonindent, .back-matter-ugc p.no-indent {
    font-size: 1em;
    font-family: serif;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
    text-align: justify; } }

/* headers */
@media amzn-mobi {
  h1 {
    font-weight: bold;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 1.4em;
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    text-align: center; }
  h2 {
    font-weight: bold;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 1.3em;
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    text-align: center; }
  h3 {
    font-weight: bold;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 1.2em;
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    text-align: center; }
  h4 {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 1.1em;
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    text-align: center; }
  h5 {
    font-weight: bold;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 1em;
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    text-align: center; }
  h6 {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    text-align: center; } }

/* blockquotes & textboxes */
@media amzn-mobi {
  div.textbox, div.bcc-box {
    margin: 5%;
    border-top: 1px solid;
    border-bottom: 1px solid; }
  p.bl_nonindent {
    margin-left: 10%;
    text-indent: 0;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal; }
  p.bl_indent {
    margin-left: 10%;
    text-indent: 1.5em;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal; }
  blockquote, .blockquote {
    margin-left: 10%;
    margin-top: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 1em; }
  .ugc.chapter-ugc.textbox, .ugc.chapter-ugc.bcc-box {
    border-top: 1px solid black;
    margin: 1.5em 5% 1.5em 10%;
    padding-left: 10%;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    font-style: italic; }
  .ugc.chapter-ugc.textbox p.nonindent, .ugc.chapter-ugc.bcc-box p.nonindent, .ugc.chapter-ugc.textbox p.indent, .ugc.chapter-ugc.bcc-box p.indent {
    margin-left: 10%;
    margin-right: 5%;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    font-style: italic; }
  ul, ol {
    margin-top: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 1em; } }

/* title page */
@media amzn-mobi {
  h1.title {
    font-size: 2em;
    margin-top: 2em;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal; }
  h2.subtitle {
    font-size: 1em;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal; }
  h3.author {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal; }
  h4.publisher {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal; }
  h5.publisher-city {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal; } }

/* FRONT-MATTER STYLING
 ======================= */
@media amzn-mobi {
  #copyright-page {
    margin: 10%;
    font-style: normal;
    font-family: normal;
    text-indent: 0; }
  #copyright-page p {
    font-size: 0.875em;
    font-style: normal;
    font-family: normal;
    text-indent: 0;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em; } }

/* chapter titles */
@media amzn-mobi {
  div.chapter-title-wrap {
    font-size: 1.5em;
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 0; }
  h1.front-matter-title {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 1.4em;
    margin-top: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 1em;
    text-align: center; }
  h3.part-number {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 1.3em;
    margin-top: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 1em;
    text-align: center; }
  h1.part-title {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 1.4em;
    margin-top: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 1em;
    text-align: center; }
  h3.chapter-number {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 1.2em;
    margin-top: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 1em;
    text-align: center; }
  h2.chapter-title {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 1.5em;
    margin-top: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 1em;
    text-align: center; }
  h2.chapter-subtitle {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    text-align: center; }
  h2.chapter-author {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 0.8em;
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    text-align: center; }
  h1.back-matter-title {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 1.3em;
    margin-top: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 1em;
    text-align: center; } }

/* Other styling */
@media amzn-mobi {
  ul {
    text-align: left !important; }
  ol {
    text-align: left !important; }
  li {
    text-align: left !important; } }

div.part-title-wrap > .part-number, div.chapter-title-wrap > .chapter-number {
  display: none !important; }

p + p, .indent, div.ugc p.indent {
  text-indent: 1em;
  margin-top: 0em; }

div.part-title-wrap > .part-number, div.chapter-title-wrap > .chapter-number {
  display: none !important; }

p + p, .indent, div.ugc p.indent {
  text-indent: 1em;
  margin-top: 0em; }