Index
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Abbas I (1588–1629), Shah
Abbeglen, James
Abu-Lughod, Janet, Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350, “Decline of the East” preceding “Rise of the West,” on institutions and Southeast Asia “thirteenth-century world system”
Acapulco, trade
Aceh, Indian trade Muslims to population port city shipping tonnages
Adams, Robert
Aden: credit trade
Adshead, S. A. M.
“Afrasia”
Africa, Afrocentrism “capitalist underdevelopment,” carved up (1884) colonial “Columbian exchange” and cowrie shells, da Gama voyage around (1498), East in Eurocentric histories expansion expatriate merchants from gold Indian trade Marx on “Marxism” in new maritime trade Ottomans and population (1500–1800) population/resource ratios production (1750) protocapitalism pre-1492 silver slave trade Southwest trade around Cape, trade within urbanization of Muslim North (sixteenth-century). See also Afro-Asia; Afro-Eurasia; South Africa
Afro-Asia
Afro-Eurasia and Chinese tribute system “Columbian exchange,” common history throughout gold-silver market money and credit regions, single global economy rooted in temporal dynamics trade
After ImpeHalism (Brown)
Age of Gunpowder Empires 1450–1800 (McNeill)
agency, vs. structure
agriculture Americas Chinese, deforestation and, in drill plow Indian, irrigation, Japanese, labor Mexi-agriculture can Ottoman and “seventeenth-century crisis,” technologies. See also cotton; food; tobacco
Akbar, conquest of Bengal (1576)
alchemy, Newton and
Aleppo: decline trade
Ali, M. Athar
“America Must Learn to Respect Asia's Way of Doing Things”
American Anthropological Association, “American Century”
American Historical Review
American money and Europe-Asia business, gold and Iberian expansion silver, passim
American Revolution
Americas China and preColumbus and Chinese tribute system “Columbian exchange” of germs and genes, discovery (1492) European profits from expatriate merchants from Indian trade Kondratieff cycles “long sixteenth-century,” mapping of trade Newly Industrializing Economies (NIEs) population (post-1492), production (1750–1800) Russian and Baltic trade Russian passage to and “seventeenth-century crisis,” slave labor Southeast Asian trade world economy incorporation (post-1492). See also American money; Canada; Caribbean; Latin America; United States
Amin, Samir, Eurocentrism, and holism O'Brien vs. and “tributary mode of production,” and “world” history break
“anarchy,” coming
Anderson, Perry
Angkor: population trade
animals: “Columbian exchange,” furs/ skins horse trade
Arabian Sea Asian vs. European trade importance Indian trade mapped trade routes
Arabs, da Gama navigator East African trade expatriate merchants financial and economic institutions global perspective Indian Ocean trade “Marxism,” science slave trade West African trade
Arasaratnam, Sinnappah
archaeology: Southeast Asia
Spain underwater
Archangel, Russian and Baltic trade
Arctic Sea, trade route
Arikamedu, trade
Aristotie
Armenia: expatriate merchants from trade with Persia
Arnold, David
Arrighi, Giovanni
Arruda, José
Asante, Molefi Kete
Asia “A/B” phases Asian Eurocentrism “Asiatic modes of production” alleged climate problems, “country trade” (intra-Asian), credit “effectiveness” compared with Europe Eurocentrism on science and technology of, Europe (American) money in business with,, Europe benefiting from/emulating, Europe penetrating, expansion Greek roots in hegemony, hoarding thesis and, income distribution institutions compared with Europe Kondratieff cycles and mapped trade routes Marx on money supply and demand, new money stimulating production and population “Oriental despotism” alleged, Orientalism toward overland and maritime trade, population (1500–1800), population and technology and price inflation, production (1750–1800), productivity and competitiveness protocapitalism pre-1492 Russian advance through, Russian consuls and “seventeenth-century crisis,” shipping tonnages states technology compared with Europe, trade with Europe vs. within Asia vs. trade importance of Europe twenty-first century village culture Weber on world economy based on. See also Afro-Asia; Central Asia; “Decline of the East”; East Asia; Eurasia; Mongols; South Asia; Southeast Asia; urbanization; West Asia
Asia before Europe (Chaudhuri)
Asia in the Making of Europe (Lach and
van Kley) Asiatic Mode of Production in China (Brook)
Asiniero, George
Assam, Chinese trade
Aston, Trevor
Astrakhan, trade center
“At Issue Is the Nature of the International System”
“Adantic civilization”
“Adantic economy”
Adantic Ocean: map of regional trade region, trade –
Attman, Artur
Atwell, William
Aungier, Gerard
Aurangzeh (1658–1707)
Australasia, incorporation of
Ayutthaya
Aztecs, disease germs
Bacon, Francis
badam, exchange medium
Baechler, Jean
Bagchi, Amiya
Bagchi, S. K.
Baghdad: trade in world system of thirteenth century
Bairoch, Paul
Baku, Russian capture of
balances/imbalances of trade
Bali, trade
Balkans, Ottoman Muslims vs. Christian
Europeans
Baltics grain trade mapped trade routes silver trade
Baltic Sea: canal link sought with other seas region trade routes
Bandas, trade
Banjaras, caravan trade
Bank of England
banking. See also money
Bantam
Barber, Bernard
Bardot, John
Barendse, Rene
Barrett, Ward
Batavia, expatriate merchants in, massacre of Chinese
Battle of Plassey (1757)
Bayly, C.A.
Bay of Bengal: Coromandel mapped trade routes money route Southeast Asian trade
beads, Southeast Asian
Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350 (Abu-Lughod)
Beijing capital moved to, population
Bellah, Robert
Bengal, Akbar conquest (1576) Battle of Plassey (1757) cowrie-shell trade decline (1700s) deforestation, deindustrialization famines Judgia new money stimulating production and population, and price inflation “Rape of,” silk, silver trade Southeast Asian trade sugar textile industry (general)
Bennett, M. K.
Bentley, Jerry
Bergesen, Albert
Bering, Vitus Jonassen
Bernai, J. D.
Bernai, Martin
Bihar, new money stimulating production and population
bills of exchange
Birdzell, L. E. Black Athena (Bernai)
Black Death
Black Sea
Blaut, J. M. and Asian science and technology, Colonizer's Model of the World: Geographical Dijfusionism and Eurocentric History, and exceptionalism vs. holism “perspective of the world,” on slave labor on “tunnel history,” and “world” history break
Bolivia, silver
Bonardo, Giovan Maria
Borneo: Chinese junks to Muslims to Brunei in pepper
Boserup, Esther
Boswell, Terry
Bosworth, Andrew
Boulton, Matthew
bourgeoisie, rising
Boxer, C. R
brandy, prices
Braudel, Fernand, on Chinese backwardness Civilization and Capitalism Eurocentrism, on European consumption and investment “European world-economy,” on institutions and invention of history on money stocks and origin of world system on Ottomans Perspective of the World, “perspective of the world,” on research and silver trade and temporal dynamics on textile market and “world” history break on world and regional GNP (1750)
Brazil: Minas Gerais gold boom slave plantations
Brenner, Robert
Brenning, Joseph A.
Breuer, Hans
Briavoinne, Natalis
Britain and American Revolution Bank of England capital colonialism in India copying from India Emperor Ch'ien-lung and English Revolution (1640) “export promotion,” GNP (1800) and hegemony importance in Asian trade income distribution industrial revolution interest rates (1690S-1752) Japanese development comparisons, labor Marx on on Mercator maps metallurgy opium trade Persian alliances power sources science connected with technology temporal dynamics and textiles Treaty of Methuen (1703) underdeveloping. See also British East India Company (EIC)
British East India Company (EIC) : in Asia's “country trade,” in Bengal bills of exchange and British capital accumulation Childe director China links “export promotion,” and India's financial system pepper precious metals, and shipbuilding and VOC decline
Bronze Age
“Bronze Age World System Cycles” (Frank)
Brook, Timothy
Brown, Michael Barratt, Brummett, Palmira
Bukharan, trade
bureaucracies: China and Ottoman. See also state Burhanpur, Indian trade
Burma, gold mapped trade routes money route and “seventeenth-century crisis,” trading fairs. See also Pegu
Bursa
Burton, Audrey
Byzantines, technology
Cairo: population trade in world system of thirteenth and fourteenth century
Calicut: Indian trade population; port city
Cambay: Gulf of trade
Cambodia: Angkor Chinese junks to exports temporal dynamics and
Cambridge Economic History of India
Cambridge History of Islam
Cambridge History of Japan (Hall)
Cambridge History of Southeast Asia
Cameron, Angus
Canada, and trade
canals: Chinese Russian technologies
Canton industries population trade
Capital (Marx)
capital accumulation colonialism and in Europe “primitive,” supplies and sources world (1482–1789). See also capitalism; money
capitalism Blaut on Central Asia China and and class relations critics of “development of underdevelopment” generated by, Dutch Eurocentrism and, full historical industrial Latin America, Marxian theory merchant “mode of production,” origins of, petty pre-pre-1492 proto-transition to West's gift to mankind world system
Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (Frank)
caravanserai
caravan trade Central Asia, and maritime trade, silver South Asian Southeast Asian
Caribbean: “capitalist underdevelopment,” coffee disease germs gold political upheavals population/resource ratios silver shipwreck slave plantations trade
Carr-Saunders, A. M.
Caspian Sea: canal link sought with other seas Russian capture of Baku
cassava, “Columbian exchange” and
Caucasia, trade with Persians
Celebes, urban Makassar on
Central Asia, “Bukhariot” traders, caravan trade, and China, decline or progress expansion gold moving through, Indian trade, “Marxism” in population, productivity and competitiveness and Russian settlement of Siberia and “seventeenth-century crisis,” silver, and Soviets, Tarim Basin, Timurid dynasty, warfare. See also Mongols; Nepal; Russia; Tibet
“central civilization”
“central world system”
ceramics Central Asian trade Chinese, Japanese trade Southeast Asian trade technologies. See also porcelain
Ceylon: and cyclical decline trade
Champagne fairs
chaos theory
charcoal, fuel source
Chase-Dunn, Christopher, Afro-Eurasian “eucumene” or “central world system,” and differences and European advantages of “backwardness,” and “five-thousand-year world economic system,” “marcher states,” and “perspective of the world,” on “rise and demise” of “modern world-system,” and simultaneities and “world” history break “world system” modalities
Chaudhuri, K. N.; Asia before Europe, on Asian vs. European trade importance on Asian productivity and competitiveness on Indian decline on Indian trade on institutions on money business and temporal dynamics and West Asian trade
Chaunu, Pierre
Chew, Sing
Ch'ien-lung (Qianlong), Emperor
Childe, Joshua
Chile
China, agriculture and Americas pre-Columbus Arrighi on Braudel on backwardness of bureaucracies and Central Asia, ceramics, and coal Confucian contemporary contemporary threat from copper-cash, cotton, no, decline deforestation, in development dragon stirring Eastern Han dynasty “effectiveness,” EIC trade Europeans emulating, financial and economic institutions GNP (1800–1850) gold, Grand Canal opening (1411) guns, “Hang” merchants' associations hoarding income distribution Indian trade, Japanese trade, Jesuits in, Jones on junks, labor liberation life expectancy Manchu mapped trade routes Marx on, “Marxism” in Ming, passim, passim modes of production money, money business, and Mongols, new money stimulating production and population North Northwest Passage to “open door,” Ottoman trade with patriarchy “people of eternal standstill,” pirates and smuggling population (1393–1800) and price inflation production and population productivity and Protestant ethic proto-industrialization Qing, Russian expansion toward Russian trade, science semicolonization Shantung rebellion (1774) shipbuilding silk, passim silver, passim Smith on Song South, no-il, Southeast Asian trade, standards of living technology, temporal dynamics and passim transformations Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) tribute system, urbanization wealth, Weber on White Lotus Society (1775) world economic dominance, Xinjiang Uygur annexation Yangzi Valley Yuan, Zheng He. See also Beijing, Chinese, “overseas”
china. See porcelain, ceramics
China Sea East. See also South China Sea China's Motor (Gates)
Chinese Chameleon: An Analysis of European Conceptions of Chinese Civilization (Dawson)
Chinese, “overseas,” expatriate merchants, Southeast Asian diasporas
Christians: common-front myth Crusades and development merchants Protestant ethic in roots of Rise of the West and Spanish technology
Chuan, Han-Sheng
Chunsheng, Chen
Cipolla, Carlo M.
cities. See port cities; urbanization Civilization and Capitalism (Braudel)
“civilizations,” “Atlantic,” “central,”;
“civilizational” streams “civilizing mission of the white man's burden,” “clash of”
Civilization and World Systems (Sanderson)
Cizakca, Murat
Clapham, J. H.
Clark, Colin
“Clash of Civilizations” (Huntington)
class relations bourgeoisie and capitalism anywhere in “Greco-Roman” civilization
climate: Asian problems, “Little Ice Age”
coal: cost sources technologies
Coen, Governor-General
Coen, Jan Pieterszon
coffee: Arabian Caribbean credit
Cohen, H. Floris
coinage: minting. See also money Colombo, port city
colonialism Africa carved up (1884) and Chinese tribute system and contemporary productivity and European attitude toward Asia, and European investment and development and Greek roots India Japanese development and postmodernists and Spanish war (1739) sugar plantation. See also Americas; imperialism
“colonies,” expatriate,. See also expatriate merchants; trade diasporas
Colonizer's Model of the World: Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric History (Blaut), “Columbian exchange,” of germs and
genes
Columbus, Christopher
Columbus Was Chinese (Breuer)
Coming Full Circle: An Economic History of the Pacific Rim (Jones, Frost, and White)
commonality/similarity, vs. specificity/differences
communism: Wittfogel. See also Marx, Karl
Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels)
Comparative Civilizations Review, ISCSC
compass, Chinese invention
competition, global economic, institutions and vs. “modes of production,” Sino-Russian and transportation. See also hegemony Comte, Auguste
Confucianism
Confusions of Pleasure (Brook)
Constantinople: capture of (1453) trade crossroads. See also Istanbul
continuity, vs. discontinuities and linearity
Copernicus
copper: Indian trade, Japanese, Swedish, utensils (Southeast Asian trade)
copper-cash Chinese, Indian and silver crisis Southeast Asian trade
Coromandel, trade
Costello, Paul
cotton, American British trade Central Asian trade Chinese, no, Indian, and industrial revolution Russian trade Southeast Asian trade West Asian
cowrie shells: money, price
Creating a World Economy (Alan Smith)
credit
crisis of accumulation, “silver crisis” (1640). See also “seventeenth-century crisis” Crombie, A. C.
Crosby, Alfred
Crusades, European
culture cultural imperialism Eurocentric sociocultural superiority and “internal vs. external” trade relations vs. structure, “Cumulation of Accumulation” (Frank and Gills)
cupronickel, Chinese
Cushman, Jennifer
cycles depressions, vs. linearity long-cycle roller coaster recessions. See also Kondratieff cycles; temporal dynamics
da Cunha, Luis
da Gama, Vasco
Dark Ages, European
Darling, Linda
Das Gupta, Ashin
Dawson, Raymond
Day, John
Deane, Phyllis
de Baeza, Pedro “Decline of Spain” (Elliot) “Decline of the East,” xv, and industrial revolution “Rise of the West” following “Rise of the West” relation to
deforestation and agriculture, in China, in India
demographics: demographic economic model demographic/structural analysis global economic demographic explanation. See abo population
Denemark, Robert
dependency theory
Dependent Accumulation (Frank)
depressions, economic
Desai, Ashok V. “despotism,” “Oriental”
de Ste. Croix, G. E. M.
development capitalism and, Chinese and colonialism critics of Western Eurocentrism and, holistic view of Japanese, Orientalism and, religion and of “technicalism,” trade (1400–1800) of underdevelopment. See also agriculture; industries; markets; Newly Industrializing Economies; production; technology; underdevelopment
“Development of Underdevelopment” (Frank) “Development of Underdevelopment in China” (Lippit)
Dharampal
diamonds, Indian trade
diasporas. See “colonies,” expatriate; trade diasporas
Dickinson, P. G. M.
differences
Discovery of India (Nehru)
disease: Black Death “Columbian exchange,” and “seventeenth-century crisis,”. See also medicines
diversity in unity
Dobb, Maurice
documentation
Dorn, Walter
“Do We Need a Theory of Merchant Capitalism” (van Zanden)
Du Halde, Father
Dunn, Ross
Durand, John
Dürkheim, Emile
Dutch. See Netherlands Dutch East India Company (VOC) : Bengali trade bills of exchange cloth imports decline and Indian inflation Indonesia and precious metals, in triangular trade and West Asian trade Zhengs and
dyes: Russian trade technologies. See also indigo
Dynamic Society (Snooks)
East Asia, “A/B” phases Chinese tribute system climate problems contemporary European middlemen in trade of, expansion Four Tigers/Dragons gold trade money, Newly Industrializing Economies (NIEs) “Rising Sun” in, and “seventeenth-century crisis,” silver trade Sinocentric subsystem, and Southeast Asian trade to day world economic prominence. See also China; Hong Kong; Japan; Korea; Taiwan
East India companies. See British East India Company (EIC); Dutch East India Company (VOC)
Eaton, Richard
Eberhard, Wolfram
ecology ecocentrism, “ecological imperialism,” resources pressured by. See also environment economic institutions
economics: “advanced,” and demographics historians historiography institutional international Keynesian neo-classical Nobel Prize “origins of modern,” revolution needed in stages of growth “supply-side,”. See also markets; money; production; productivity; temporal dynamics; wealth; world system
Edo/Tokyo, population
“effectiveness,” East-West relative
Egypt: ancient in fourteenth-century world system Napoleon to Ottomans and silver trade textiles. See also Cairo
EIC. See British East India Company Ekholm, Kaisa
elephants, Indian trade
Elliot, J. H.
Elvin, Mark
Emergence of the World Economy (Fisher, Mclnnis, and Schneider)
End of Certainty (Prigogine)
Engels, Friedrich
England. See Britain
English East India Company. See British
East India Company
entrepôts: Indian Southeast Asian. See also port cities; trade crossroads environment: and “European miracle,”. See also agriculture; climate; ecology
ethnocentrism. See also Eurocentrism; Orientalism; race
Eurasia: caravan-maritime trade climate problems as Eurocentric denomination new money population (1500–1750), regionalism, Russian trade Southeast Asian trade entrepots temporal dynamics. See also Afro-Eurasia; Asia; Central Asia; Europe; Russia
Eurocentrism, Asian contemporary and continuity vs. discontinuity critics of on European importance in world trade, globalism vs. in historiography, and hoarding thesis, and income per capita estimates on industrial revolution on institutions on international behavior on international state system and intra-Asian trade and Kondratieff cycles in mapping of Marx, and new money vs. Ottomans on science and technology vs. Sinocentric world system in social theory, and sociocultural superiority universalist and world monetary crisis. See also exceptionalism; “Rise of the West”
EurocentHsm (Amin)
Europe, advantages of “backwardness,”, African trade in Afro-Eurasian single global economy Asia emulated by/benefiting, Asian business with American money, and Asian decline vs. Asian importance in trade and Asian intra-Asian trade vs. trade with Asian science and technology compared with, Asia penetrated by, in Asia's “country trade” (intra-Asian) capital accumulation capitalism, Chinese trade, and Chinese tribute system common-front myth contemporary cowrie-shell trade, Crusades Eastern economic historians and “effectiveness” compared with Asia expansion expatriate merchants from food gold business, Hapsburgs and hegemony, hoarding, import vs. export economy, income distribution Indian trade industrial revolution, institutions international behavior like other states and invention of history Japanese trade “long sixteenth century,” “managing” interregional trade merchant guilds military “miracle,” Newly Industrializing Economies (NIEs) and Ottomans Persian alliances Persian trade population (1300S-1850), power sources precious-metal trade price inflation, production (1750–1800) productivity and competitiveness and protocapitalism pre-1492 rationality rise to dominance, (see also “Rise of the West”); rivalries in world economics (1900s) roots of Russian and Baltic trade Russian consuls and “seventeenth-century crisis,” shipbuilding shipping tonnages something-for-nothing strategy Southeast Asian trade, standards of living states temporal dynamics and
passim
textile industries and trade diasporas trade (maps) trade middleman role, transformations “underdeveloping” impact of expansion by world discoveries (1492/1498)
61 in world economic nutshell “world” history break world system bit player and world system centered on China, world system centered in world system of twelfth and thirteenth centuries. See also Britain; colonialism; Eurasia; Eurocentrism; France; Germany; Italy; Netherlands; Portugal; Spain; Sweden; West
European Miracle (Jones)
Europe and the People Without History (Wolf), exceptionalism: among historians of “American” history ethnocentric Eurocentric “Expanding World: The European Impact on World History”
expansion European Iberian Ottoman Russian. See also “long sixteenth-century”
expatriate merchants American Armenian Banjaras in Batavia, Chinese “colonies,” Indian, in Malacca in Manila, in Nagasaki. See also “colonies,” expatriate; privateers; trade diasporas
“export promotion,” British
Fairbank, John King
famines: food silver
Faroqhi, Suraiya
feminism. See also patriarchy; women
Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe
feudalism anti-Marxists on European Japanese Marx on pre-1492 semi-“Third” World, transition to capitalism from
Fez, population
financial institutions. See
also banking; credit; money Firth, Raymond, Fisher equation
Fletcher, Joseph “horizontally integrative macrohistory”
Flynn, Dennis
food Central Asian trade Chinese “institutional” distribution of Chinese trade famines Indian trade and “seventeenth-century crisis,” Southeast Asian trade. See also agriculture; grains; potatoes; spices; sugar; tea Foreign Affairs
forests. See deforestation; timber; woods “Formation of a Global Economy-1914” (O'Brien)
Fortes, Meyer, Foshan, population
Foss, Theodore
France: Asia admired in and Ottomans revolution
Francis, Peter
Frank, Miguel, Frank, Paulo
freedom, and “European miracle” myth
Friedman, Jonathan, Fuentes, Marta
Fujian ceramics exports Chinese expatriates from prosperity, no; Zheng family
Fukuyama, Francis
Fu-nan, trade
function urban Asia/Europe world system
functionalism
furs/skins: trade. See also leather
Gates, Hill
Gene, Mehmet
genes, “Columbian exchange”
Genghis Khan
Genoa in world system of thirteenth
and fourteenth century
geography: Eurocentrism in of global economy and “internal vs. external” trade relations Southeast Asian crossroad. See also maps George III, King
Germany: Asia admired in ton miles
germs, “Columbian exchange”
Gerschenkron, Alexander
Gills, Barry K. (and Frank), Afro-Eurasian “eucumene” or “central world system,” “Modern World System under Asian Hegemony: The Silver Standard World Economy 1450–1750,” ii; and temporal dynamics World System: Five Hundred Tears or Five Thousand
Giraldez, Arturo
globalism vs. Eurocentrism outline of economic perspective of terminology. See also “globological” perspective; holism; “perspective of the world”; world system
“globalization,” “globological” perspective, Goa: Indian trade port city Portuguese trade center Southeast Asian trade
gold
passim African, American Central Asian trade, Chinese, European business, Indian money Indian trade Japanese trade, movement of, Persian trade price Russian Southeast Asian, West Asian
Goldstein, Joshua
Goldstone, Jack
passim demographic/structural analysis
Gonzales, Garcia-Baquero
Goody, Jack
Gosse, Edmond
grains: African trade Central Asian trade Chinese Indian trade Russian and Baltic trade. See also maize; rice; wheat Grant, Jonathan
Greeks
Grover, B. R.
Growth Recurring (Jones)
Guandong: economic expansion, no;
trade route
Guangxi, prosperity, no Guangzhou. See Canton Gujarat: alliance with Ottomans and Sumatrans cotton credit decline Malacca migration from new money stimulating production and population trade
Gulbenkian Commission
Gulf of Cambay, port cities
gunpowder: Chinese invention, prices Russian industries
guns: on Indian ships technology, trade. See also military
Guns and Sails (Cipolla)
Habib, Irfan
Hall, John A.
Hall, John R.
Hall, John Whitney
Hall, Thomas D., Afro-Eurasian “eucumene” or “central world system,” and differences and European advantages of “backwardness,” and “five-thousand-year world economic system,” “marcher states,” and “perspective of the world,” on “rise and demise” of “modern world-system,” and “world” history break “world system” modalities
Hamashita, Takeshi
Hamilton, Earl J. “Hang” merchants' associations
Hanley, Susan
Harte, N. B.
Hartwell, R. M.
Hasan, Aziza
al-Hassan, Ahmand
Hegel, G. W. F.
hegemony Asian, Europe and. See also “Rise of the West”
hemp, Russian and Baltic trade
Herodotus
Hess, Andrew C.
Higgins, Benjamin
Hill, Donald
Hilton, Rodney
Himmelfarb, Gertrude
historians: Asian “classical,” economic macro
history cycles vs. linearity economic, “end” of Eurocentric, “horizontally integrative macrohistory,” invention of, “national,” primary sources “tunnel,” “universal,” vertical. See also temporal dynamics; world history History of Technology (Singer et al.)
Ho Ping-ti
hoarding, money
Hobsbawm, Eric
Hodgson, Marshall Afro-Eurasian “eucumene” or “central world system,” and European exceptionalisms Jones and Rethinking World History, on “tunnel history”
Hoi-an: entrepôt Japan-Chinese trade
“Hold the Tiller Firm” (Wallerstein)
holism, passim comparison and and continuity vs. discontinuity on industrial revolution vs. partialism as praxis resistance to. See also globalism; universalism
Holtfrerich, Carl-Ludwig
Holwitz, Stanley
Hong Kong. See also Ryukyu Islands
“horizontally integrative macrohistory,” demographic/structural analysis doing more vs. vertical separation
Hormuz: Persians vs. Portuguese in; trade
horses, trade
Hoselitz, Bert, Howe, Christopher
Howell, Nancy, How It All Began (Rostow)
Huang, C. C.
humanocentrism
Humboldt, Alexander von
Hume, David
Huntington, Samuel
Hyderabad, Indian trade
Iberia: expansion fifteenth-century access to Asia and hegemony. See also Spain Ibn Batuta
Ibn Khaldun
Ikeda, Satoshi
imperialism cultural “ecological”/green Lenin on O'Brien on. See also colonialism Inalcik, Halil
Incas, disease germs
income: per capita/distribution. See also wages
India, agriculture Asian Eurocentrism about Asian vs. European trade with “capitalist underdevelopment,” Central Asian trade, Chinese trade, and Chinese tribute system colonial cowrie-shell trade credit decline East African trade “effectiveness,” Europeans emulating, expatriate merchants from, financial and economic institutions GNP (1850) gold trade, Hindu/Buddhist hoarding income distribution inland waterways Japanese trade Maharashtra on maps Marahata Marx on, “Marxism” in military money,—money business, Mughal new money stimulating production and population North opium Ottoman trade with overland mirroring maritime trade population (1500–1800), port cities and Portugal, and price inflation production and population productivity and competitiveness, regional trade within Russia and science shipbuilding silver passim, Southeast Asian trade passim standards of living steel technology, and temporal dynamics passim; textiles passim, passim ton miles transformations watermills world system position. See also Bengal; Gujarat; Surat
India and the Indian Ocean isoo-1800 (Das Gupta and Pearson)
Indian Ocean Asian vs. European trade through coastal region trade East African trade across mapped trade privateers shipbuilding for as “world-economy”
Indian Response to European Technology and Culture (Qaisar)
indigo: Central Asian trade Chinese, no; credit Indian trade Russian trade
Indonesia Dutch in fifteenth-century fourteenth-century and “seven-teenth-century crisis,” shipping tonnages. See also Bali; Borneo; Celebes; Java; Sumatra
industrialization: “before industrialization,” colonialism and continuity vs. discontinuity and proto-. See also industrial revolution; industries; Newly Industrializing Economies (NIEs)
industrial revolution China and and coal continuity vs. discontinuity and Europe, institutional analysis and labor oceanic trade and “Rise of the West” and scientific revolution and textile industry and Wong on world GNP after. See also industrialization
industries: Asian three great crafts Chinese, no, Europe admiring Asian European textile Indian, labor Russian. See also industrial revolution; production; technology inflation
inflections population (1750)
Inkster, Ian
Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Smith)
institutions authorities on economic legal. See also financial institutions; society; state Institutions and Economic Change in South
Asia (Stein and Subrahmanyam)
interest rates
“internal vs. external” factors
International Congress of Economic History
International Herald Tribune
International Society for the Comparative Study of Civilizations (ISCSC)
iron: Chinese ironware, no; Indian trade pig Russian industries in shipbuilding Southeast Asian trade Swedish technologies
Iron Age
irrigation: and “Oriental despotism,” technologies
Islam. See Muslims
Islamoglu-Inan, Huri
Issawi, Charles
Istanbul: population revenue decline trade crossroads. See also Constantinople Isthmus of Kra
Italy: city states and “seventeenth-century crisis,”. See also Genoa; Venice ivory, trade
Izmir, trade
Japan, Asian vs. European trade in ceramics trade, Chinese trade, and Chinese tribute system, “Chrysanthemum and the Sword,” contemporary copper, development, economic superiority, European rivalry with expatriate merchants from “feudalism,” gold trade, Indian trade Jones on mapped trade routes Meiji Restoration money business Nagasaki shipping, new money stimulating production and population pirates and smuggling population (1500–1750) precious-metal exports production (1600–1800) productivity (end of eighteenth-century) Protestant ethic seclusion policy and “seventeenth-century crisis,” silver, passim, Southeast Asian trade passim “stagnant,” technology temporal dynamics and Tokugawa, urbanization Western reclassification of
“Japan and China in the 19th and 20th Centuries” (Hamashita)
Java Bantam, Dutch in exports Mataram and “seventeenth-century crisis,” wealth. See also Batavia
Jesuits, in China
Jews, expatriate merchants
jigsaw puzzle analogy
jihad, vs. “McWorld”
Johore, Dutch vs. Portuguese in
Jones, Eric L.
Journal of World History, WHA
Judaism, rationality rooted in
Kamiki, Tetsuo
K'ang-hsi (1662–1722)
Kaplan, Robert
Kashgar, Indian textiles to
Keohene, R. O.
Kerala, credit
Keynesian economics
Kindleberger, Charles
Klein, Peter W.
Knotter, Ad
Kobata, A.
Kollman, Wolfgang
Kondratieff cycles, “A” phase “B” phase endogeneity/exogeneity
Korea and Chinese tribute system contemporary Japanese trade, printing technology and “seventeenth-century crisis,” silver technologies South
Krasner, S.
Krishna, Bal
Kuhn, Thomas
Kumar, Deepak
Kumudanami, K.
Kung: credit major banking center
Kuppuram, G.
Kuznets, Simon
labor agricultural child and industrial revolution metallurgy money business and slave, transport world division of. See also productivity; wages
Lach, Donald
Landes, David
Langer, William
Laos, technical/economic superiority (sixteenth-century)
Latin America, “capitalist underdevelopment,” Indian trade “Marxism” in population/resource ratios production (1750–1800) and “seventeenth-century crisis,”. See also Americas; Bolivia; Brazil; Caribbean; Chile; Mexico; Peru
lead, Indian trade
leather: Russian industries trade. See also furs/skins
Lee, Ronald
legal institutions
Leibniz, G. W.
Lenin, V. I.
Lerner, Daniel
“Let's Be Frank about World History” (Bergesen), Levant: new money stimulating production and population silver trade. See also Egypt; Greeks; Mediterranean; Syria; Turkey
Lewis, Martin W.
Lieberman, Victor
LIFE
life expectancy, Eurasian
Lippit, Victor
Lis, Catharina “Little Ice Age”
Livi-Bacci, Massimo
London
“long sixteenth century,” Asia Europe-Americas Southeast Asia
Long Twentieth Century (Arrighi)
Louis
Lourido, Rui D'Avila
Luxemburg, Rosa
Macao, trade
Mackensen, Rainer
Madagascar: Russian route to India trade
Maddison, Angus
Madras, port city
Magellan, Ferdinand
Maghreb
Maine, Henry
maize, in trade
Majapahit
Makassar, urban
Malabar, coastal region trade
Malacca, Dutch controlling expatriate merchants in Indian trade population port city Portuguese
Malaya: gold Johore pepper. See also Malacca Malay Peninsula. See also Malaya
Maldive Islands, cowrie shells
Malthus, Thomas
Mamluks, traders
Mandel, Ernest
Manila Chinese trade, HI expatriate merchants in Indian trade Japanese trade mapped trade routes precious metal trade and “seventeenth-century crisis”
Manila Galleons, silver trade
Mann, Michael
Mao Zedong
maps: Asian trade Eurocentric global economy Indian trade silver production/exports/receipts “marcher states,” “Maritime Asia ” (Wills)
maritime trade: Africa new and caravan trade. See also ships; trade; individual oceans and seas markets: before “Great Transformation” in Europe outside capitalist
system overlapping and interconnected. See also capitalism; merchants; money; trade Marks, Robert
Marshall, P. J.
Marx, Karl, Capitaly and “capitalist mode of production,” on China, and class relations Communist Manifesto eleventh thesis on Feuerbach Eurocentrism, on humans making history “primitive” accumulation on wages and world economic system and “world” history break
Marxism economic historians and “internal” factors on macroeconomics Tibebu vs. Wittfogel vs.
Masters, Bruce
Masulipatam: decline Indian
trade port city
Mataram
Mathias, Peter
Maurer, S. B.
Mauro, Frederic
Mayas, disease germs
McGowan, Bruce
Mclver, Robert
McLeod, Roy
McNeill, William Afro-Eurasian “eucumene” or “central world system,” Age of Gunpowder Empires on “Columbian exchange,” Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community, and Song China
“McWorld,” jihad vs.
meat, trade
medicines: Central Asian trade Europe admiring Asian, Indian technology
Mediterranean: Crusades European trade Indian trade and industrial revolution Ottoman Muslims vs. Christian Europeans region Southeast Asian trade and temporal dynamics. See also Levant; Middle East; West Asia
Meiji Restoration
Meilink-Roelofsz, M. A. P.
Menard, Russel
Mercator projection, mapping in
merchant capitalism
merchants: “Hang” associations and European guilds Russian vs. Bukharan Russian municipal self-government. See also expatriate merchants; trade
Mergui, trade
Merton, Robert
Mesopotamia
metal and metal products, Central Asian trade Chinese trade, exchange media Indian trade Russian industries Russian trade Southeast Asian trade technologies West Asian trade. See also copper; iron; mining; precious metals; tin; zinc
Methuen, J.
Metu
Metzler, Mark
Mexico: Acapulco trade, agriculture gold Marx on silver trade
Middle Ages: cycles feudalism and protocapitalism historical continuity vs. discontinuity science
Middle East: credit Indian trade with temporal dynamics and. See also Arabs; Egypt; Levant; Mediterranean; Mesopotamia; Syria; Turkey; West Asia
military: horses for Indian Spanish technology. See also guns; navies; wars Mill, James
Mill, John Stuart
mining: Burmese coal Japanese Ottoman silver. See also metal and metal products Mintz, Sid
“miracle,” European
Misra, Joya
Mocha: credit trade
Modelski, George, and “five-thousand-year world economic system,” and hegemony, Kondratieff cycles, and “perspective of the world”
Modern Asian Studies
“modernization theory”
Modern World-System (Wallerstein)
“Modern World System Revisited: Rereading Braudel and Wallerstein” (Frank)
“Modern World System under Asian Hegemony: The Silver Standard World Economy” (Gills and Frank)
“modes of production,” “Asiatic” (AMP) capitalist, Central Asia precapitalist “tributary,”. See also feudalism
Mohammed
Mohammed Ali
molasses, trade
Molougheney, Brian
Moluccas, trade
money passim, Asia-Europe business with American, Chinese, coinage (“invisible industry”) “Columbian exchange” and counterfeit cowrie shells, and credit dealing and playing in global casino dollars (contemporary) Dutch market in East Asian, hoarding Indian, lending micro-and macro-attractions in global casino and military numbers game Ottomans and paper and price inflation, prices of production and exchange quantity theory of reason for production of Russian, South Asia Southeast Asian, stimulating production and population supply and demand, and trade imbalances, use of world monetary crisis (1640s). See also American money; banking; copper-cash; gold; silver
Mongols: China and, Outer Mongolian economic decline shipbuilding vs. Southeast Asia technology in world system of thirteenth century
monopolizing, European traders' attempts at
Montesquieu
Moreland, W. H.
Morineau, Michel
Moscow, Indian expatriate merchants
Moseley, Karen
Mozambique, trade
Mukherjee, Rila
Mukund, Kanakalatha
Munro, John
Murphey, Rhoades
Muslims Central Asian, common-front myth contemporary threat from expatriate merchants financial and economic institutions Indian, North African Ottoman Russia excluding Safavid Persian science and “seventeenth-century crisis,” Southeast Asian technology, world system centered on
Musson, A. E.
Myth of Continents (Lewis and Wigen)
Nagasaki: “overseas Chinese,” shipping
Nanjing, population
Napoleon
Narva, Indian expatriate merchants
Nash, Manning, Nasr, S. H.
National Research Council, U.S. “nation-states”: “national” histories. See also state; “wealth of nations”
navies: Chinese, European, Ottoman trade in stores for
Needham, Joseph
Nef, John U.
Nehru, Jawaharlal
Nepal, and India-Chinese trade
Netherlands Batavia of, East Asian trade, “Golden Age,” and hegemony importance in Asian trade, Indian trade military, money business Persian trade shipbuilding Southeast Asia interventions by Southeast Asian trade, and temporal dynamics trade middlemen. See cilso Dutch East India Company (VOC)
New Englanders, expatriate merchants
Newly Industrializing Economies (NIEs) American East Asian European, “mutating”
Newton, Isaac
New York Review of Books
Ng Chin-Keong
Nobel Prize, for economics
nomad societies. See also Mongols
North, Douglass C.
North, Dudley
Northwest Passage, to China
Nubia, gold
O'Brien, Patrick
Occident. See also West Oceania, after “oil shocks”
On Capitalist Underdevelopment (Frank)
“On Contradiction” (Mao)
Open the Social Sciences (Gulbenkian Commission)
opium: China Indian
“Oriental despotism”
Orientalism.
See also Asia Orientalism (Said)
Osaka/Kyoto, population
Ottomans and “Asiatic mode of production,” Bursa, and Central Asia decline and European access to Asia expansion gold Marx on military money business new money stimulating production and population, and Persians political weight, and price inflation, Russian defeat of (1723), silver, technology temporal dynamics and passim; trade wealth. See also Istanbul
Pacey, Arnold
Palat, Ravi
Panikkar, K. M.
paper and printing: Chinese, no money technologies
parallelisms. See also “horizontally integrative macrohistory”
Paris, population
Parker, Geoffrey
parochialism. See also ethnocentrism
Parsons, Talcott
particularism
Pasinetti, L.
Passing of Traditional Society (Lerner)
Paths of Fire: An…Inquiry into Western Technology (Adams)
patriarchy, China
Pattani, trade “Pax Britannica”
Pax Mongolica
Peace of Paris (1763)
Peace of Westphalia (1648)
Pearl River delta, agriculture, in
pearls, Southeast Asian
Pearson, M. N.
Pegu: population and “seventeenth-century crisis,” trade
people, history and
pepper: Asian Indian trade price Southeast Asian trade
Periplus of the Erytrean Sea
Perlin, Frank on China vs. Eurocentrism on India and money on “world economic integration”
Perry, Commodore
Persian Gulf banking and Central Asian trade routes Indian trade Japanese trade silver trade Southeast Asian trade in world system of thirteenth century
Persians and Central Asia expatriate merchants Indian trade Marx on money business new money stimulating production and population and Ottomans porcelain precious-metal exports Russia and, Safavid, and “seventeenth-century crisis,” Shah Abbas (1588–1629) silk silver Southeast Asian trade watermills West African trade “perspective of the world,” alternative, Braudel's, nonsensical outline of economic resistance and obstacles to. See also “globological” perspective; holism; world system Perspective of the World (Braudel), Peru, silver
Peter the Great
Philippines: Chinese junks to Japanese trade Spanish shipbuilding in. See also Manila Philosophes
philosophy, Europe admiring Asian
Philpin, C.
pirates. See also privateers Pirenne, Henri
Pires, Tome “Plea for World System History” (Frank)
Polanyi, Karl
politics Central Asia China. contemporary and credit vs.
money and “internal vs. external” trade relations Kondratieff cycles and liberation “Oriental despotism,” port city. See also “Decline of the East”; feudalism; hegemony; state; temporal dynamics; world system
Polo, Marco
Pomeranz, Ken
population Africa (1500–1800) American (post-1492) Asia (1500–1800), Asian cities and Asian decline China (1393–1800) Chinese cities and economics Eurasia (1500–1750), Europe (1300–1850) fertility and India (1500–1800), inflation and inflection (1750) Istanbul Japan () Japanese cities (1500–1750) Manila Chinese (sixteenth-century) new money stimulating Ottoman resource ratio with and “seventeenth-century crisis,”231 slave trade Southeast Asia (1600–1800), Southeast Asian cities (1600) urban West Asia world (1000–1850)
porcelain: Chinese, in Indian Persian. See also ceramics
port cities: Asian. See also entrepots; urbanization
Porter, Tony
Portugal: Carreira da India and Columbus commercial treaties East Asian trade, Goa of, and hegemony importance in Asian trade and India, Malacca of and Mamluks middlemen in East Asian trade, military round-the-Cape trade and “seventeenth-century crisis,” ships for Japanese trade and Southeast Asian trade vs. Spanish rule (1640) and West Asia
postmodernism
potatoes: trade. See also sweet potatoes
power sources
technologies
Prakash, Om
praxis: ecocentric, holism as
precious metals, Central Asian trade European-East Asian trade, Indian trade, Russian trade, Southeast Asian trade. See also copper; gold; money; silver precious stones: Burma exports Central Asian trade Indian trade
prices: brandy charcoal vs. coal cowrie shells grain gunpowder inflation, money pepper quantity theory of money rice silk slave
Prigogine, Ilya
primary sources, historiographical
printing. See paper and printing privateers. See also pirates production Asian (1750–1800), of money new money stimulating and population. See also industries; “modes of production” productivity Asian (overall) Chinese Indian, Japanese Western
property rights
protectionism, British
Protestant ethic
Pryor, F. L.
Puiggros, Rodolfo, Pulicat, Indian trade
pulses, Indian trade in
Punjab: new money stimulating production and population trade
Qaisar, Ahsan
quantity theory of money
Quataert, Donald
quicksilver: Chinese, in Japanese trade
race. See also ethnocentrism Rahman, A.
railways
Ramaswamy, Vijaya
Ranke, Leopold von
Rashid-al-Din
rationality: Eurocentrism and religions and
Raychaudhuri, Tapan
recessions
Redfield, Robert
Red Sea and Central Asian trade routes Indian trade silver trade Southeast Asian trade in world system of thirteenth century
regionalism
Reid, Anthony: on Japan's economic advances on “seventeenth-century crisis,” on silver trade, on Southeast Asia
religion: common-front myth and development Weber on. See also Christians; Crusades; Judaism; Muslims
Renaissance, Arab influences
resins, Southeast Asian
Rethinking World History (Hodgson)
Review, Wallerstein's
rhubarb, Central Asian trade
Ricardo, David
Ricci, Matteo
rice: Chinese Indian, Southeast Asian trade and temporal dynamics
Rich, E. E.
Richards, John
“Rise of the West,”, on Asian shoulders Asian superiority masked by attention to challenging and reformulating the explanation “civilizational” streams and continuity vs. discontinuity “Decline of the East” preceding “Decline of the East” relation to “European miracle,” explanation for and industrial revolution institutional analysis Marxist historians on rationality and roots of scientific revolution and temporal dynamics and uniqueness of Europeans and
Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community (McNeill)
Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History (North and Thomas)
rockets, Chinese
Rodinson, Maxime
Romans
Rome and China: A Study of Correlations in HistoHcal Events (Teggart)
Ronan, Colin
Rosenberg, Nathan
Rossabi, Morris
Rostow, W. W.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
Rowe, William
Roy, Aniruddha
Rozman, Gilbert
rum, trade
Russia advance through Asia and Central Asia, economic crises gold Kondratieff cycles and Marx on “despotism” of “Marxism” in money flow new money stimulating production and population and Ottomans, and Persians, population production (1750–1800) silver, Soviet trade routes Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689)
Ryukyu Islands: trade. See also Hong Kong
Said, Edward
St. Petersburg, Russia
Saliba, George
salt, Southeast Asian trade
Salvatore, Dominick
Samarkand: Tamerlane's capital in
world system of thirteenth century
sandalwood, Chinese trade
Sanderson, Stephen Civilization and World Systems, Japan-Britain comparison, on Japanese competition with China and “perspective of the world,” Social Transformations, on urbanized Japan and “world” history break
Sangwan, Satpal
satin, Russian trade
Schneider, Jane
Schrieke, B.
Schumpeter, Joseph
science: Chinese, Eurocentrism about Indian advances origins of Western printing scientific revolution social “science,”. See also social theory “Science and China's Influence on the World” (Needham)
Science and Civilization in China (Needham)
Science in History (Bernai)
Science, Technology, and Economic Growth in the Eighteenth Century (Musson)
“Science, Technology, and Society” (Merton)
Scientific Revolution: A HistoHcal Inquiry (Cohen)
Seiden, Mark “seventeenth-century crisis,” Americas Asia China Europe Russia world monetary
Seven Years War
Shaffer, Lynda
Shantung rebellion (1774)
Shapin, Steven
ships: Asian-owned building, Chinese junks. See also maritime trade; navies Short History of India (Moreland)
Siam Ayutthaya Chinese trade Japanese trade mapped trade routes and “seventeenth-century crisis,” shipping tonnages trade center. See also Thailand
Siberia, fur trade Indian trade new money stimulating production and population production (1750–1800) Russian settlement
silk Chinese, passim European Indian, mulberry leaves for silkworms Russian trade, Southeast Asian, Syria Venetian West Asian “Silk Road”
silver passim, Americas, passim, Baltic Central Asian, China passim EIC money European stocks (1500) “famine,” hoarding, Indian passim, Japanese, passim, map of production/exports/receipts movement of, Ottoman, Persian, price Russian, in Sino-centered world economy Southeast Asian, standard, West Asian
“silver crisis” (1640)
Simmel, Georg
simultaneities
Singapore Chinese junks to contemporary Southeast Asian trade
Singer, Charles
Sivin, Nathan
slave labor
slave trade African, Central Asian European prices
Slichter van Bath, B. H.
smallpox, “Columbian exchange” and
Smith, Adam, and American money in Europe-Asia business and British interest rates on China on colonialism on income distribution and industrial revolution Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations on population on silver market, on Spanish war (1739) technology comparisons on transport and “world” history break
Smith, Alan K.
smuggling, . See also privateers Snooks, Graeme
Social System (Parsons)
social theory, “classical,” ecocentric, Eurocentric, humanocentric, implications for limitations of recent “modern,” Orientalist, social “science,”. See also economics; history; sociology Social Transformations (Sanderson), society: collapse of Eurocentrism and. See also class relations; culture; nomad societies; religion; social theory
sociology. See also
Weber, Max “Sociology of Development and the Underdevelopment of Sociology” (Frank), Soetbeer, Adolf
Soly, Hugo
Sombart, Werner
South Africa: Indian trade Japanese
in mapped trade routes
South Asia, climate problems expansion financial and economic institutions gold moving around, money shipbuilding silver trade, Southeast Asian trade. See also Ceylon; India
South China Sea Asian vs. European trade dominance contemporary mapped trade routes new money stimulating trade Southeast Asian trade
Southeast Asia, Asian vs. European trade in, Chinese trade, and Chinese tribute system, contemporary decline expansion financial and economic institutions gold, Indian trade passim Japanese trade passim money, money business new money stimulating production and population overland and maritime trade records population (1600–1800), port and inland intertwining productivity and competitiveness shipping tonnages silk, silver, states technical and economic superiority (sixteenth-century) and temporal dynamics trade boom (1400–1630) urbanization West Asian trade with woods. See also Burma; Cambodia; Indonesia; Malay Peninsula; Philippines; Siam; Singapore; Vietnam; Yunnan
South Sea Company
Spain: Catalonian revolt (1640) money business, Portugal vs. rule by (1640) ships, technology and temporal dynamics war (1739). See also Americas; Iberia
Spear, Percival
specificity/differences
Spenders and Hoarders (Kindleberger)
Spengler, Oswald
spices Chinese trade Dutch monopolizing attempt Indian trade Portuguese trade in Southeast Asian trade. See also pepper
Srivijaya
Stages of Economic Growth (Rostow)
standards of living, Eurasia
state “Oriental despotism,”. See also “nation-states”; politics steam engine
steel: Indian technologies
Steensgaard, Niels
Stein, Burton
Straits of Malacca: Japanese trade. See
also Malaya structure: agency vs. vs. culture, urban Asia/Europe world system
Structure of Scientific Revolution (Kuhn)
Structure of Social Action (Parsons)
Studies on the Population of China (Ho Pint-ti)
Study of Economy History: Collected Inaugural Lectures (Harte)
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay
Sudan, Ottomans and
sugar Caribbean Central Asian trade Chinese, no economic dominance per capita consumption (China/Europe) Southeast Asian
sulfur, Japanese trade
Sumatra: alliance with Ottomans and Gujaratis capital Palembang Chinese junks to gold Majapahit on pepper Srivijaya on trade routes. See also Aceh Sun Laichen
Surat: credit decline pepper shipwrights from trade
Sweden: copper, Russian and Baltic trade steel
sweet potatoes: Chinese, in; “Columbian exchange” and
Sweezy, Paul
Syria, silk
Taiwan
Takahashi, Kohachiro
Tamerlane
Tarim Basin
Tawney, R. H.
tea: British EIC/American “tea party,” Central Asian trade Chinese, no, “technicalism”
technology, Asian compared with European Chinese, Chinese inventions diffusion (Asia-Europe) Eurocentrism on, Indian, Japanese, Kondratieff cycles and Korean silver and labor military origins of Western and population religion and science and, supply and demand for change in world economic process of. See also industrial revolution
Teggart, Frederick
temporal dynamics “horizontally integrative macrohistory,” and industrial revolution “silver crisis” (1640) simultaneities. See also cycles; history; “long sixteenth century”; “seventeenth-century crisis” Tenasserim, trade
TePaske, J. J.
textiles, Central Asian trade Chinese chlorine bleaching credit European industries exchange media Indian passim, passim, and industrial revolution Ottoman Russian and Baltic trade Russian industries Southeast Asian trade technologies. See also cotton; silk; wool
Thailand gold guns new money stimulating production and population. See also Siam
Thang-long
theory: historiographie conclusions and “modernization,” quantity theory of money. See also social theory “Theory of the Rise of the West” (Hall)
Thomas, Robert Paul
Thompson, William R., and “five-thousand-year world economic system,” and hegemony, Kondratieff cycles, and “perspective of the world”
Tibebu, Teshale
Tibet: Indian trade money route
timber Chinese trade deforestation and Russian and Baltic trade Swedish. See also woods
Times Illustrated History of the World
tin: Indian trade money Southeast Asian trade
tobacco: Americas to China Central Asian trade Chinese, no; trade
Toennis, Ferdinand
Togan, Isenbike
Tongkin: ceramics trade, China
junks to silk trade
tortoise shell, Southeast Asian
Toynbee, Arnold
Tracy, James D.
trade, Asian vs. European importance balances/imbalances of and colonialism “country trade” (intra-Asian) global carousel (1400–1800) before “Great Transformation” in Europe “intercontinental model” (1500–1800) “internal vs. external,” interregional Kondratieff cycles and mapped routes new money stimulating, records of regional “triangular,” trade. See also caravan trade; maritime trade; individual products and places trade crossroads. See also entrepots trade diasporas. See also “colonies,” expatriate transport: costs technologies world competition and. See also canals; caravan trade; maritime trade; railways; ships
Treaty of Methuen (1703)
Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689), Sino-Russian
“tributary modes of production”
tribute system, China, “Tribute Trade System and Modern Asia” (Hamashita)
tunnel vision
Turfan
Turkey expatriate merchants from Metu silver trade. See also Istanbul; Ottomans
Turner, Brian
tutenag, Chinese trade
Udovitch, Abraham
Unbound Prometheus (Landes)
underdevelopment: British, Chinese development of, European expansion and of sociology, “Underdevelopment of Development” (Frank)
United Nations
United States: economic historians and European rivalry with exceptionalism, industrial revolution Kondratieff cycles and Marx on National Research Council paper money—recession Rostow on something-for-nothing strategy. See also Americas; New Englanders
“unity in diversity”
universalism: of ethnocentrism Eurocentric, history vs. particularism social “science,”. See also holism
University of Newcasde
urbanization: Africa Asia, Europe populations, and simultaneities. See also port cities Van Kley, Edwin
van Leur, J. C.
van Zanden, Jan Luiten
Variorum, publisher
Veblen, Thorstein
vegetable oil, Indian trade in
vegetables, “Columbian exchange”
Venice and Malacca entrepot money business silk trade in world system of thirteenth and fourteenth centuries
Vietnam, Champa, exports, gold Hoi-an port, Japanese trade liberation mapped trade routes new money stimulating production and population urban Thang-long Viet. See also Tongkin
Vijayanagara, trade
VOC. See Dutch East India Company
Volga-Don canal, planned
Voll, John
Volynsky, Artemy
von Glaun, Richard
wages Indian and technological progress West (contemporary). See also income
Wakeman, Frederic
Wallerstein, Immanuel, Eurocentrism, “European world-economy,” and hegemony hoarding thesis “Hold the Tiller Firm,” on Indian standards of living and industrial “expansion,” Modern World-System, “modern world-system,”, Open the Social Sciences (Gulbenkian Commission) Renew, “semi-peripheries,” and temporal dynamics on universalism, and “world” history break
Wang Gungwu
wars Austrian Succession (1740) Battle of Plassey (1757) Central Asian nomads Jenkins' Ear (1739) Napoleonic Opium Ottoman-Safavid (1615–1618) Russian-Ottoman war (1723), Russian-Persian Seven Years trade and world. See also military
watermills, in Asia
Watt, James
wealth: Chinese, Indian Ottoman Southeast Asian in world system of twelfth and thirteenth centuries “wealth of nations”: Ibn Khaldun on Smith on
Weber, Max, Eurocentrism, and Western rationalism
Weinerman, Eli
West “civilizing mission of the white man's burden,” contemporary East and economic historians confined to exceptionalism money in Asia Orientalist productivity vs. “Rest,”. See also Europe; Occident; “Rise of the West”; United States
West Asia, Asian vs. European trade importance and Chinese tribute system decline European Crusades expansion gold, Indian trade and industrial revolution Mongol states population, Portugaland productivity and competitiveness science and “seventeenth-century crisis,” silver, Southeast Asian trade. See also Middle East; Ottomans; Persians Western Transmutation
Wewer, Heinze
wheat: and silver trade
White Lotus Society (1775)
White, Lynn, Jr.
White Sea, canal link sought with other seas
“Why the Scientific Revolution Did Not Take Place in China-Or Didn't It?” (Sivin)
Wigen, Karen W.
Wilkinson, David
Wilkinson, Endymoin
Willard, Alice
Willcox, Walter
Williams, Eric
Wills, John
Wilson, C. H.
Wittfogel, Karl
Wolf, Eric, Europe and the People Without History, and Meso-america, on origin of present world system and “perspective of the world,” and “tributary mode of production,” on Wallerstein's book
women: and China labor in Ottoman economy in Southeast Asian trade. See also feminism Wong, R. Bin, no
Wood, Gordon
woods: Chinese trade Indian trade for power South China Southeast Asian West Asian trade. See also timber wool trade
Working Group on Population Growth and Economic Development, U.S. National Research Council
World Accumulation (Frank)
World Bank
“World Economic System in Asia before European Hegemony” (Frank), world history Afro-Eurasian break vs. continuity (1500) “civilizational” streams commonality/ similarity vs. specificity/differences continuity vs. discontinuities cycles vs. linearity Hodgson on task of “horizontally integrative macrohistory,” McNeill fathering “periodization,” real resistance and obstacles. See also world system
World History Association (WHA)
world system, Afro-Eurasian Asia-based, capital accumulation (), capitalist, “central,” China-dominated, comparisons and relations consciousness of early Christian era Europe as bit player Europe-centered Europe's rise to dominance (see also “Rise of the West”); expansion system-wide “five-thousand-year,” fourteenth-century function, GNP (1750) gold and silver stocks “internal vs. external” factors labor division Latin America in, leadership shifts neglected features one/single origins, postmodernists and quantities regions, science and technology “semi-peripheries,” state structure, technological progress a function of terminology, thirteenth-century, transformations “unity in diversity,”. See also “Decline of the East”; development; Eurocentrism; hegemony; holism; money; “perspective of the world”; temporal dynamics; trade; world history
World System: Five Hundred Tears or Five Thousand? (Frank and Gills)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
world wars
Wrigley, E. A.
Xia Weizhong
Xinjiang Uygur annexation, Chinese
Yamamura, Kozo
Yangzi Valley
Yunnan: gold horse trade money route silver
Zeidin, Irving
Zhang Tao
Zheng family
Zheng He (Cheng Ho)
Zimbabwe: gold trade within Africa
zinc: Chinese Indian trade