Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
Alien Tort Statute (1789),
27–28asymmetries: in the causes and impacts of climate change,
125–130; and the demand for inclusion,
47–48; in efforts to stop climate change,
131–135; and fear of the Other,
54–55; of immigration,
171–172; the Internet and,
100–102; the transgression of boundaries,
69authoritarianism: and emergencies,
66; global fear and,
51; Internet and authoritarian systems,
100,
103–104
borders: alternative conceptions of,
68; benefits of,
79–80; blurring of, and threats/protections,
36,
77; borderless world,
68–69; flexibility/rigidity of,
73–74,
80; future of,
78–80,
85; historical concepts of territorial borders,
6–7,
75–76; location of, in globalized world,
76–77; wall multiplication,
68–72; wall psychopathology,
72–75.
See also barriers;
boundaries;
immigration;
outlying areas, world without;
territory
climate change: as area of responsibility,
123; causes and impacts,
124–130,
132–133; challenges to reaching agreement on,
129,
130–131; changing perceptions of weather and climate,
122–124; climate justice and efforts to halt climate change,
130–135,
137–138; context of,
118; controversy over,
123–124; future conflicts and migration due to,
124–125; global governance of,
135–139; international institutions and,
122; as technological failure,
63Constitutional Treaty for Europe,
107cooperation: climate change and,
129–135,
137–138; disasters and,
155; and financial governance,
47; international agencies and ungoverned spaces,
25; need for, in an interdependent world,
141; and the new security,
78Critique of Pure Reason (Kant),
7
culture: cultural jamming,
15; diversity,
79; the familiar vs. the unfamiliar,
176–178; immigrants and,
171–173; openness of culture,
165–166; risk perception and response,
60
Declaration of Independence (U.S.),
174–175Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,
18
Delmas-Marty, Mireille,
158democracy: beyond nations,
105–113; democratic society in an uncertain world,
65–66; democratic vigilance,
83–84,
89–92,
101 (
see also observation society); fear and,
55–56; financial governance and,
148–149; functional democratization,
130; immediacy and,
88–89; and international institutions,
105–113; in a knowledge society,
179–180; opacity and,
91,
93–94 (
see also opacity); as plebiscite,
109; technology and the illusion of democratization,
97–104; transparency and,
88–89
economic arena: 1870–1913 era,
142; causes of poverty,
121; climate change and,
124,
135–137; current (global) economic crisis,
23,
46–47,
62,
89,
94–96,
147–148,
151–152; in a gaseous world,
32 (
see also gaseous world); immigration’s economic impact,
169–171; neofeudalization,
72; opacity in,
94–97 (
see also opacity); right to monetary interference,
43; systemic economic risks,
150–152; volatility of,
34.
See also capitalism;
financial arenaenvironmental movement,
65–66experts: and demands for participation,
48; failures of,
63,
65; financial experts,
97; and novices,
178–180; and risk assessment,
61.
See also science
fear: alarmism,
61; and the desire for traceability,
27; functions of,
53–56,
61; “global fear” defined,
51; governing/managing fears,
38–40,
62; of the Other,
36–37,
54–55,
70 (
see also Other, the); politics and,
54–56,
59–60; precaution and risk aversion,
57–58; rationality of,
52–56; responses to,
36–38,
39,
51; of ungoverned spaces,
22,
24; universal exposure and,
33–39.
See also risk(s);
threatsfinancial arena: deregulation of,
23–24,
96; disconnect between commerce, capital, and currency exchange,
31; governance of global capitalism,
146–155; instability in,
34; market self-governance,
154; opacity in,
94–97,
146–147,
148; piracy and pillage in,
14–15; regulation of,
43,
46–47,
150; stocks as property,
19–20.
See also economic arenaFrench Civil Code (1784),
17
generational interdependence,
185–187Giddens, Anthony,
84,
132global humanity: construction of universality,
189–191; formation of, as new subject,
86; sense of shared humanity,
44–45; transnational humanism,
105,
113–118.
See also identityglobalization: ambiguities of,
68,
70; and boundaries/walls,
68–72; challenges of global democratization,
110–111; and common (transnational) issues,
8,
140–141 (
see also climate change); compared to 1870–1913 era,
141–142; and the current economic crisis,
46–47; democratizing globalization,
47–48,
160; emergence of a global public space,
84–86; fear of,
51; fluidity of,
10–11,
30–32 (
see also liquid world); and the future of politics,
160 (
see also global governance;
politics of humanity); “gaseous world” metaphor,
29–33; and global justice,
119 (
see also justice); and identity,
45 (
see also identity); and interdependence,
114; Kant and the idea of,
40; and market governance,
146,
147–148 (
see also capitalism); observational society and,
84–88; states’ abilities weakened by,
144; and the tactics of piracy,
5; as world without outlying areas,
40–48,
191global public space: emergence of,
84–86; limits to transparency in,
88–93Guantanamo military prison,
28
History of Piracy,
The (Gosse),
3
identity (the “us”): and the common good,
180–183; community and,
173–175; construction of universality,
189–191; convergence of the us,
187–191; and Derrida’s “ghosts,”
166; distinction between us and them,
161,
165,
181–182,
191 (
see also Other, the); epistemology of the “us,”
176–180; experts and novices,
178–180; the familiar vs. the unfamiliar,
176–178; historical investigation of,
167–168; locals and immigrants,
169–173; ontology of the “us,”
164–175; practice of the “us,”
180–187; and proximity (neighbors),
183–184,
186–187; the question of “us,”
161–164,
187–189inclusion, demands for,
47–48insecurity, culture of,
61–62interdependence: and climate change,
129–130 (
see also climate change); and the common good,
182; and contagious realities,
29,
34–36; creating a politics of humanity,
155–157; and democratic responsibility,
111; and the financial crisis,
151–152; and the future of politics,
160 (
see also politics of humanity); generational interdependence,
185–187; globalization and,
114,
141–143; and global justice,
119 (
see also justice); logic of,
142; and protection/prevention strategies,
39–40; proximity and,
183 (
see also proximity); public goods and,
140–146 (
see also public goods); security and,
141; sovereignty and,
111–116; in a world without outlying areas,
40–48,
191.
See also commonalityintermediaries, mistrust of,
88international community, as term,
157International Criminal Court,
112international institutions: authority and responsibility of,
106; and climate change,
122; democracy and,
105–113; imperfect structure of,
157.
See also specific institutionsInternational Monetary Fund (IMF),
112Internet: and democratization and power,
97–104; deregulation and,
24; and individual autonomy,
16; and intellectual property,
4; maritime and pirate metaphors,
15; neutrality of,
102–103; participation enabled by,
93; piracy in,
16; as site of anti-institutional struggle,
15–16; and transparency,
89–93 (
see also WikiLeaks).
See also nets
justice: climatic justice (
see climate change); global justice,
88,
105,
118–121,
188–189; intergenerational justice,
124,
128,
132–133,
185–187; within nations,
88,
118–119; structural injustice,
120; universal jurisdiction,
117.
See also human rights;
inequality
Leviathan (Hobbes),
10,
77
Macpherson, Crawford Brough,
18
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs),
25,
148–149
observation society: and the global public space,
84–88; limits to transparency in,
88–93; observation and power,
83–84; scrutiny of the state,
94–95; secrets and diplomacy in,
85,
86–87; technology and democratic vigilance,
83–84,
89–91,
101 (
see also Internet)
Other, the: exclusion of,
187–188; fear or hatred of,
36–37,
54–55,
70,
166; group identity and,
165; marginalization of,
176; perceived equivalence between otherness and hostility,
74outlying areas, world without,
40–48,
191
Peace of Westphalia,
36,
143Persian Letters (Montesquieu),
177
politics: boundaries in global politics,
76–77; democratic vigilance and,
83–84,
91–92; domestic politics and a politics of humanity,
159; environmental movement and,
65–66; and fear,
54–56,
59–60; and financial (market) governance,
33,
146–155 (
see also capitalism); ignorance and,
86–87; immunopolitics, risks of,
37; internal vs. external,
44; international institutions and,
105–113; Internet and,
103–104; knowledge-based decision-making,
152; mistrust in the political class,
88; piracy as strategy for,
13–14; and public access to information,
89–90; renationalization of,
72; and the return of the state,
64–65; and risk assessment and management,
59–60,
62–67; and separatism and borders,
36; and society,
175; and technology,
63–67,
109; and threat avoidance,
57; of wall-building,
74–75 (
see also walls).
See also diplomacy;
political systems;
politics of humanity;
resistance and protestpower: and interdependence,
35–36,
115–116; and international intervention,
113,
116; the Internet and,
99–102; and observation,
83–84 (
see also observation society); sovereignty exchanged for,
145; states’ loss of,
148; suspicion toward,
94; territorial vs. extraterritorial,
75–76.
See also politics;
state(s)public goods: constructing a world of,
43–48; as fundamental problems of today,
140–141; interdependent public goods,
140–146; management of,
5–6,
48; the market and,
135–137; and the need for global governance,
155–156,
158; piracy and,
26; states and,
43,
143–145; triangle of publicness,
142–143.
See also climate change;
common good
regulation: as attempt to reterritorialize a liquid world,
26–27; better regulation of global market,
150; deregulation,
23–24,
96; environmental protections,
65–66; in a gaseous world,
32–33; ineffectiveness of banking regulations,
46–47; of international credit market,
43; liquidity metaphor and,
30–31; new regulations needed,
26; piracy as indication of lack of,
25–26; technological risks and,
64–65responsibility: and climate change,
123,
126,
131–135; difficulty of externalizing, in global world,
42; and European federalization,
110–111; and financial governance,
153–155; for the future,
185–187; imposed on principle of autonomy,
145; interdependence and,
111,
113–115; and international intervention,
113–114,
116–117; of justice,
120 (
see also justice); for the other and the world,
56; in search of lost responsibility,
25–28; of states,
115rights, universality of,
28risk(s): balancing security with,
61–62; climate change, universal/asymmetric risks of,
125–130; cooperation encouraged by understood risks,
155; cultural responses to,
60; democracy and,
65–66; global risks and interdependence,
145–146; governing global risks,
56–62; subjective perception of,
60; systemic economic risks,
150–152; technological failures,
63–64; unpredictability and uncertainty,
33–34,
53–54,
60.
See also climate change;
fear;
security;
threatsRoosevelt, Franklin D.,
55
sea: contemporary shipping and jurisdiction over,
11; epistemological meanings of,
6; imperial politics and,
5; vs. land,
6–10; as metaphor,
10,
27 (
see also liquid world); sea level rise,
128; sovereignty and territorialism and,
7–10security: balancing risk with,
61–62; as extraterritorial issue,
77; and fear,
52–53; fortifications and,
72–75 (
see also walls); interdependence and,
141; old vs. new security,
75–78; paradoxes of immunity,
37–38; post-9/11 security policies (U.S.),
77; prevention and its risks/costs,
58–59,
61; states challenged as provider of,
144; unequal protections,
37.
See also risk(s);
threatssovereignty: absolute nature of,
114–116,
148; and climate change,
137; exchanged for power,
145; failed states and,
21–22; and human rights,
113–114,
116–118; in an interdependent world,
111–112; and international institutions,
112–113; piracy in opposition to,
11–12; and public goods,
143–145; and responsibility and interdependence,
113–116,
156–157; and the seas,
8–10; state sovereignty uncertain,
24–25,
158; virtual spaces of finance and information and,
22–23; wall-building and,
73 (
see also boundaries).
See also state(s)state(s): authoritarian states,
100,
103–104; and collective goods,
43; and the concepts of border, territory,
6–7,
75–76; as context for justice,
118–119; cooperation instead of competitiveness between,
156–157; cyberspace and,
24; detention by,
28; failed states,
21–22,
104,
144; and financial governance,
47,
146–147,
148,
152–153; as functional and regulatory space,
22; functions of,
143–144,
148–149,
153–154,
156; and global justice,
118–121; and a global public space,
85–86; governing/managing fears,
62; internal order and external chaos,
42; as international actors,
87 (
see also diplomacy); and international institutions,
106–109; and international relations,
143–144,
156; observation (scrutiny) of,
94–95; and the privileging of property,
17–18; and public goods,
143–145; and the question of “us”,
188–189; and the seas,
7–10,
11; sovereignty and interdependence and,
113–115,
156–157; state sovereignty uncertain,
24–25; suspicion toward,
94; technological risks and the return of,
64–65; and the value of ignorance,
86–87; wall-building by,
69–71,
74–75 (
see also walls); warnings issued by,
58; weakening of,
70–71,
158,
188.
See also political systems;
politics;
power;
sovereignty;
ungoverned spacessustainable development,
57
technology: and democratic vigilance,
83–84,
89–91,
101; and distributed intelligence,
179–180; and global fear,
54; politics and,
63–67,
109; precaution about,
57,
63,
66–67; and social utopia,
97–99.
See also Internetthreats: alerts,
57–58; handling of, in a democratic society,
66; indeterminate threats,
33–34; interdependence and excessive exposure to,
34–36; nonconventional (new) threats, responses to,
78; prevention and its risks/costs,
58–59,
61; responses to fear of,
36–38,
39,
51; and a sense of shared humanity,
44–45; universal exposure,
33–40; unpredictability of,
33–34,
53–54.
See also fear;
immunity;
risk(s);
securityTransparency International,
149
uncertainty,
61–62; democracy and,
65–66; of fears, threats, and risks,
53,
60–61; in the financial arena,
96; and the governance of complex systems,
152; over management of public goods,
5; uncertain sovereignty,
24–25.
See also fear;
risk(s);
threats;
traceabilityUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,
131–132United States: border barriers,
69–70; carbon emissions,
126; and climate change,
132,
138; domestic terrorism,
74; post-9/11 security policies,
77; Treasury Department,
152universal exposure,
33–40
walls: ineffectiveness of,
72–74,
77,
79; multiplication of,
68–72; problems created by,
75; and the prohibition of movement,
69–70,
72; psychology of,
70–75World Health Organization,
59World Trade Organization,
112