Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.
Note: Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
abuse. See adverse childhood experiences (ACE)
acidic stomach:
active treatment vs. passive for, 41–42
consequences of suppression of, 206
active treatment vs. passive, 38–45
for acidic stomach, 41–42
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), 43
for depression, 40–41, 43–44
for gastric bypass, 42
mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), 44
for pain, 41–42
adverse childhood experiences (ACE), 86–87
“Aequanimitas” (Osler), 13
agenda, preconceived, 172, 201, 203, 210
aloofness, 13
Anda, Robert, 85
antidepressants, 203–4
Antonovsky, Aaron, 82
anxiety, reducing, 96–97
assertive poses, 167–68
asthma:
journaling and, 194–95
nocebo effect and, 106
attunement, 59
Australian Aboriginal, The (Basedow), 108–9
authentic story, value of telling, 190–98
circular treatment and, 205–9, 208
example of, 190–91
vs. holding in negative emotions, 192–94
through journaling, 194–98
back pain, treated with placebos, 47–49
Balint, Michael, 3
bariatric surgery, 42
Barrett, Bruce, 19
Basedow, Herbert, 108–9
Beasley, John, 161
beginner’s mind, 131
belief systems, 129–131
betrayal, perception of, 111–12
biases. See also mindfulness
belief systems and, 129–31
brain and, 121–22
danger of, 125–29
frames of reference and, 122–24
neuro-networks of comfort and, 132–35
biology of connectedness, 56–80
brain, 56–59
epigenetics, 71–77, 74
heart, 59
immune function, 59–60
mirror neurons, 60–64
neuroplasticity, 68–71
oxytocin, 65–68
black magic, 107–9
blood pressure, oxytocin and, 66
body. See mind and body
body language. See nonverbal communication
Bonus, Katherine, 143
brain. See also mind and body
biases and, 121–22
caregiver burnout and, 220–21
compassion and, 224–25
connectedness and, 56–59
empathy and, 220–21
placebos and, 49–50
plasticity of, 68–71
breast cancer:
positive emotions and, 63–64
support groups for, 36–39
burnout. See caregiver burnout
calmness, in facial expression, 172
cancer:
epigenetics and, 73, 74
support groups for, 36–39
Cancer Care for the Whole Patient (Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences), 37–38
Cannon, Walter B., 108
caregiver burnout, 217–40
brain and, 220–21
by clinicians, 220
compassion and, 224–28
consequences of, 223
example of, 218
by family members, 219
mindfulness and, 227–30
sources of, 220–23
spiritual anchors and, 230–33
caressing, 181
Carney, Dana, 167
Cartesian split, 34–35
CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy), 43
Center for Journal Therapy, 247
Chapman, Tracy, 233
cheek kissing, 180
Chesterfield, Lord, 31
childhood experiences, adverse, 85–87
child’s eye, looking through, 131
chronic illness, self-identity and, 87–88
circular treatment, 205–9
closed position, 168
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), 43
Cohen, Sheldon, 67–68
cold (feeling), contagiousness of, 60
cold (illness). See common cold
colds, treating, 19–25
cold touch, 181
Colloca, Luana, 11–12, 111–12
common cold, hugging and, 67–68
communication. See also listening; nonverbal communication
debate, 200
deep conversations, 191
dialogue, 188, 201
duologue, 188, 199
failures in, 188–90
vs. holding in negative emotions, 192–94
vs. keeping secrets, 192–94
small talk, 192
community, connection with following disasters, 194–95, 195
compassion. See also connectedness; empathy
brain and, 224–25
caregiver burnout and, 224–28
ingrained in humans, 77–79
practicing, 70
computers:
diagnosis by, 15
effect on connectedness, 61–62
connectedness:
biology of, 56–80
brain, 56–59
epigenetics, 71–77, 74
heart, 59
immune function, 59–60
mirror neurons, 60–64
neuroplasticity, 68–71
oxytocin, 65–68
distant intentionality, 57–60
effect of technology on, 61–62
following tragedies, 194, 195
hospitals valued over, 16
listening, effect of on, 25–28
in medical writing, 15
studies on, 17–25
technology valued over, 16
convergent thinking, 228
conversations. See communication
“co-passion,” 224
coregulation, 59–60
corticotrophin releasing factor (CRP), 122
cortisol, 122
effect of holding in negative emotions on, 193
oxytocin and, 66
posture and, 168
Covey, Stephen, 198
creativity, 228–30
CRICO Strategies, 189
Crohn’s disease, self-identity and, 87
crossed arms, 169
CRP (corticotrophin releasing factor), 122
cuddling, 181
Cuddy, Amy J. C., 167
cultural competency, deep listening and, 213–15
Darwin, Charles, 8, 171
Davidson, Richard, 70, 103
death of loved one, uncomforting comments following, 112–13
debate, 200
deep conversations, 192
deep listening. See other-focused listening
depersonalization, 220
depression, 203–5
active therapies for, 43–44
passive therapies for, 40–41
treated with placebos, 47
Descent of Man (Darwin), 8
despair, expressing, 117
diabetes, epigenetics and, 74
diagnosis by computer, 15
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 75
dialogue, 188, 201
disasters, connection with community following, 194, 195
disengagement, 13
burnout and, 71
example of, 53–55
distractions, 147–49
distant intentionality, 57–60
divergent thinking, 228–29
“doorknob moment,” 202
dopamine, 79, 107
doubt, expressing, 117
Drew, Trafton, 122–23
drugs. See medications
Dr. Watson computer, 15
DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), 75
Duchenne, Guillaume Benjamin Amand, 175
duologue, 188, 199
education of patients about illnesses, 21
emotional distance, 13
emotional expression. See authentic story, value of telling
emotional pain, effect on health, 27–28
emotions, mirroring, 62–63
empathy. See also compassion; connectedness
brain and, 220–21
motivating others to action and, 18–19
studies on, 18–25
empowerment, 21
enhanced visits, 20–24
epigenetics, 71–77
Epstein, Ronald, 152
expert’s mind, 131
expressing emotions. See authentic story, value of telling
eyebrows, raised, 171–72
eyes, expressions shown with, 172–76
face-to-face encounters, mirror neurons and, 61–62
facial expressions:
general discussion, 172–76
mirroring, 61–62
facts, answering feelings with, 104
fatigue, journaling and, 196
fear:
effect on health, 32–34
reducing, importance of, 96–97
voodoo deaths and, 108–9
fear, expressing, 117
Felitti, Vincent, 85–86
Fibonacci sequence, 205, 206
fibromyalgia:
journaling and, 196
self-identity and, 88
fight or flight response, 122
fixing problems, vs. healing, 114–17
Fortney, Luke, 154
frames of reference, biases and, 122–24
Frankl, Viktor E., 81
FTO gene, 74–75
gastric bypass, active treatment vs. passive for, 42
Gaudet, Tracy, 207
Gaulle, Charles de, 211
genetics, epigenetics, 71–77, 74
gestures, hand and arm, 177–78
Gilbert, Daniel T., 156
goals, focus on. See salutogenic approach
Golant, Mitch, 211, 235–36
gut feeling, 58
habituated neuro-networks of comfort, 133
Hamlin, J. Kiley, 77
hand and arm gestures, 177–78
hand-holding, 180
Hanh, Thich Nhat, 202–3
happiness:
relativity of, 84
wandering mind and, 156–58
Healer’s Art course, The, 112, 117–18, 212–13
health goals, focus on. See salutogenic approach
heart, connectedness and, 59
heart attack:
black magic and, 107–9
takotsubo cardiomyopathy, 110–11
heartbeat, resonance of, 59
heartburn, 206
heart disease, epigenetics and, 74
heart rate, oxytocin and, 66
Hippocrates, 15
Holdcroft, Thomas, 218
holding, 181
hope, effect on health, 32–34
hospitals, high-ranking, valued over connectedness, 17
hugging, 66
common cold and, 67–68
cultural differences regarding, 180–81
human connection. See connectedness
ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems), 75
identity, chronic illness and, 87–88
illness, focus on from caregivers, 87–88
immune function:
connectedness and, 59–60
psychological stress and, 196
info-medical cycle, 130–31, 130
inhibition phase, 194, 195
insomnia, mindfulness and, 158
integrative medicine, defined, 10–11
intentionality over distance, 57–60
interactional synchrony, 61–62
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), 75
interruptions, 199–200
James, William, 136
Jefferson, Thomas, 45
journaling, 194–98, 247–48
Jung, Carl, 121
Kabat-Zinn, Jon, 44, 147, 237–38
Keltner, Dacher, 77, 79
Killingsworth, Matthew A., 156
kindness, Darwin on, 8
kissing, 180, 181
Kitchen Table Wisdom (Remen), xv–xvi
Klopfer, Bruno, 31–32, 34
Kopacz, David, 207
Krebiozen, 32–34
linear treatment, 205–9
Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program, 192–93
lips, pursed, 172
listening, 158–60, 198–205. See also cultural competency, deep listening and
circular treatment and, 205–9
effect on connectedness, 25–28
establishing trust with, 209–11
other-focused listening, 200–203
self-focused, 198–200
silence while, 211–13
value of, 203–5
loving-kindness meditation, 227–28, 243–46
Makransky, John, 155
malpractice claims, 189
Maudsley, Henry, 28
MBCT (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy), 44
MCS (multiple-chemical sensitivity), 95–97
meaning, sense of, 83–84. See also salutogenic approach
medical malpractice claims, 189
medications, interactions with each other. See polypharmacy
medicine-men, 109
meditation, 151–54
caregiver burnout and, 227
mindfulness meditation, 241–46
Mehl, Matthias, 191–92
Miller, George A., 187
Milton, John, 31
mind, wandering of, 156–58
mind and body:
inter-connectedness of, 35–38
separation of, 34–35
Mind Body Program, 247
mindful listening, 209–11
mindfulness:
benefits of, 154–58
caregiver burnout and, 227–30
obstacles to, 147–49
overview, 146–47
pausing and, 148–51
rapport development and, 151–54
mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), 44
mindfulness meditation, 151–54, 241–46
minimizing problems, 114–15
mirroring, 182–84
mirror neurons:
caregiver burnout and, 220
connectedness and, 60–64
motivating others to action, empathy and, 18–19
motor cortex, neuroplasticity and, 70
movements, mirroring, 61–62
Muir, John, 35
multiple-chemical sensitivity (MCS), 95–97
multitasking, 160–62
My Therapy Journal, 247
Nazi concentration camp survivors, learning from, 81–83
negative beliefs. See nocebo effect
negative emotions, holding in, 192–94
negative mind-set, effects of, 85–88
from adverse childhood experiences (ACE), 86–87
from caregivers’ focus on illness and symptoms, 87–88
neuro-networks of comfort, 132–35
neuroplasticity, 68–71
neuro-protein Y, 122
Nin, Anaïs, 122, 142
9/11 attacks, connection with community following, 194
nocebo effect, 105–12
nonexpressive face, 172
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 47–49
nonverbal attunement, 149
nonverbal communication:
arm and hand gestures, 177–78
crossed arms, 169
example of, 165–66
with eyes, 172–76
facial expressions, 172–76
importance of, 166–69
mirroring, 182–84
position, 178–79
posture, 167–68
smiling, 175–76
touch, 179–82
NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), 47–49
Oak School study, 91–92
obesity:
biases and, 125–29
childhood sexual abuse and, 85–86
epigenetics and, 74–75
objectivity, 13
opioid-induced hyperalgesia, 41
opioids, 47–49
oppositional tolerance, 40–41
optimism, 91–94
caregivers’ role in, 89–91
contagiousness of, 63
effect on health, 32–34
effects on accomplishments, 91–94
“origin of health” (salutogenesis). See salutogenic approach
Ornish, Dean, 73
Osler, William, 13, 15, 188, 189
other-focused listening, 200–203
Oveis, Chris, 78–79
oxytocin:
caregiving and, 225
connectedness and, 65–68
pain. See also emotional pain
active treatment vs. passive for, 41–42
journaling and, 196
neuroplasticity and, 70
oxytocin and, 66–67
reducing, by focusing on stressful triggers, 88
treated with placebos, 47–49
Parkinson’s disease, nocebo effect and, 106–7
Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, 69–70
passive treatment. See active treatment vs. passive
pathogenesis, 83
pausing, 148–51
Peacemaking among Primates (de Waal), 175
PEECE (positive prognosis, empathy, empowerment, connection, and education) steps, 21
peer support groups, 36–39
Pennebaker, James, 192–94, 247
personal space, 178–79
Pizzi, Rita, 58
placebos, 45–51
back pain treated with, 47–49
brain and, 49–50
depression treated with, 47
polygraph confession effect, 193
polypharmacy, 6, 39–40
Porges, Stephen, 78
positive emotions. See optimism
positive prognosis, 21
positive prognosis, empathy, empowerment, connection, and education (PEECE) steps, 21
posture, 167–68
preconceived agenda, 172, 201, 203, 210
precontemplative state, 222–23
prostate cancer, epigenetics and, 73, 74
proton pump inhibitors, 41–42
purpose in life, 83–84. See also salutogenic approach
pursed lips, 172
“pushing the river,” 42–43
Pygmalion effect in classroom, 92
questions, yes/no, 199
rapport, developing, 162–63
“Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults” (Felitti and Anda), 85
relaxed expression, 172
Remen, Rachel Naomi, xv–xvi, 112, 235–36, 243
rheumatoid arthritis, journaling and, 194–96
Rindfliesch, Adam, 95
Rinpoche, Yongey Mingyur, 143
Rosenthal, Robert, 91–92
Roux-en-Y surgery, 42
Rowling, J. K., 233
salutogenic approach:
caregivers’ role in, 89–91
examples of, 90–91, 94–97
Nazi concentration camp survivors, learning from, 81–83
vs. negative mind-set, 85–88
pain reduction via, 88
Schubiner, Howard, 247
scowls, 172
scribes, 162
seating arrangements, 179
Seattle, Chief, 53
secrets, keeping, 192–94
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, 40–41
self, stories about, 116–17
self-focused listening, 198–200
self-identity, chronic illness and, 87–88
September 11, 2001 attacks, connection with community following, 194
serotonin, 40–41
7 Habits of Highly Successful People, The (Covey), 198
sexual abuse, obesity and, 86–87
sexual activity, 66
shamen, 109
Shapiro, Dan, 129–130
Shockney, Lillie, 63–64
silence, 211–13
Sinsky, Christine, 161
sitting position, 179
small talk, 192
smiling, 172, 175–76
social-polite touching, 181
“Sounds of Silence, The” (Simon and Garfunkel), 198
space, personal, 178–79
spirituality, 84
SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) antidepressants, 40–41
standing position, 167–68, 179
steepling, 177–78, 212
Stein, Michael, 188
stomach bypass surgery, 42
stories about self, 116–17
stress:
effects of, 85
oxytocin and, 66
submissive poses, 167–68
suffering, beauty coming from, 233–37
support groups, 36–39
sympathetic nervous system, 111
sympathy, 8. See also compassion; empathy
symptoms, focus on from caregivers,’ 87–88
takotsubo cardiomyopathy, 110–11
Taub, Edward, 69
technology:
effect on connectedness, 61–62
facial expression and, 172–73
valued over connectedness, 16
tend and befriend impulse, 66
testosterone, 168
“Texting While Doctoring” (Beasley & Sinsky), 161
touch, 179–182
tragedies, connection with community following, 194, 195
trauma, effects of, 86–87
trust, establishing:
general discussion, 140–42
with listening, 209–11
Tulsky, James A., 104
vagus nerve, compassion and, 78–79
voodoo deaths, 107–9
Waal, Frans de, 175
Wampold, Bruce, 46–47
wandering mind, 156–58
weight:
childhood sexual abuse and, 85–86
epigenetics and, 74–75
Weil, Andrew, 10
Wellpoint Health Services, 15
What to Do When Someone You Love Is Depressed (Golant), 211
Whole Health project, 207
World Trade Center attacks, connection with community following, 194
worldview, biases and, 122–24
writing about emotions, 194–98, 247–48
Yap, Andy J., 167
yes/no questions, 199