/********************//* 1. Global styles */ /********************/a{text-decoration: none;}a:link, a:active{color: #0176C3;}.ParaTypeImportant a:link, .ParaTypeImportant a:active, .SectionTypeBox a:link, .SectionTypeBox a:active, .SectionTypeOverview a:link, .SectionTypeOverview a:active, .SectionTypeQuestionnaire a:link, .SectionTypeQuestionnaire a:active, thead a:link, thead a:active{color: #014E80;/* required so that the contrast is higher than 4.5:1 */}a:visited{color: #5f5f5f;}body{font-family: "Cambria", "Minion Pro", "Times New Roman", "Times", serif;/*margin: 0;*/ } img {border: 0; vertical-align: middle; }video{ display: block;margin-top: 1em;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0;width: 100%; } p {margin: 0;}.Heading, .SubHeading, .ContextInformation, .MainTitleSection, .PartTitle, .SeriesTitle, .SeriesSubTitle,  .SubSeriesTitle, .SubSeriesSubTitle, .BookTitle, .BookSubTitle, .ForewordTitle, .PrefaceTitle, .BookAcknowledgmentsTitle, .BookNotesTitle{text-align: left !important;}.Heading, .SubHeading{display: block;font-weight: bold;}/*****************************//* 2. Article/Chapter Header *//*****************************//* Context information at the top of the page *//**********************************************/.ArticleContextInformation{border-bottom: 1px solid;margin-bottom: 0.8em;padding-bottom: 0.3em;}.ArticleContextInformation .ContextInformation{display: block;font-size: 80%;}.ArticleContextInformation .JournalTitle:after, .ArticleContextInformation .JournalSubTitle:after{content: ", ";}.ArticleCopyright{display: inline;}.ArticleCopyright .CopyrightComment, .ArticleContextInformation .ArticleDOI{display: block;}.ChapterContextInformation{border-bottom: 1px solid;margin-bottom: 0.8em;padding-bottom: 0.3em;}.ChapterContextInformation .ContextInformation{display: block;font-size: 80%;}.ChapterCopyright .CopyrightComment{display: block;}.ChapterContextInformation .BookEdition:before{content: ', ';}.ChapterContextInformation .ContextInformationAuthorEditorNames:after{content: ', ';}.ChapterContextInformation .BookTitle{font-style: italic;}.ChapterContextInformation .SeriesTitle:before{content: ', ';}.ChapterContextInformation .SeriesSubTitle:before{content: ': ';}.ChapterContextInformation .ContextInformationVolumeNumber:before{content: ' ';}.ChapterContextInformation .ChapterDOI{display: block;}/*.BookContextInformation {   font-size: 80%;   padding-bottom: 0.5em;  }  .BookContextInformation .ContextInformationEditorsAuthors:after {   content: ", ";  }  .BookContextInformation .SeriesSubTitle:before {   content: ": ";  }  .BookContextInformation .ContextInformationSeriesTitles:after {   content: ", ";  }  .BookContextInformation .BookTitle:after {   content: ", ";  }  .BookContextInformation .BookTitle {   font-style: italic;  }  .BookContextInformation .BookEdition:after {   content: ", ";  }  .BookContextInformation .BookSubTitle:after {   content: ", ";  }  .BookContextInformation .ContextInformationDOI:after {   content: ", ";  }  .BookFrontmatter .ContextInformation, .PartFrontmatter .ContextInformation, .BookBackmatter .ContextInformation {   border-bottom: 1px solid;   padding-bottom: 5px;  }*//* Article/Chapter Categories *//******************************/.Categories{color: #666666;margin-bottom: 1em;margin-top: 1em;}.ArticleCategory, .ChapterCategory{font-size: 1.2rem;}.ArticleSubCategory, .ChapterSubCategory{font-size: 1rem;}/* Article/Chaper Titles *//*************************/.MainTitleSection{font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 1.2em;margin-top: 1.2em;}.ArticleSuperTitle{font-size: 1.2rem;}.MainTitleSection .ArticleTitle, .ForeignLanguageHeader .ArticleTitle, .MainTitleSection .ChapterTitle, .ForeignLanguageHeader .ChapterTitle{font-size: 1.73rem;margin: 0;}.ArticleSubTitle, .ChapterSubTitle{font-size: 1.2rem;padding-top: 0.2em;}/* Author Information *//**********************/body>.AuthorGroup .AuthorNames, .BookBackmatter>.AuthorGroup .AuthorNames{font-size: 100%;margin-bottom: 1em;margin-top: 1em;text-align: left !important;}.BookBackmatter>.AuthorGroup .AuthorNames{font-weight: bold;}.AuthorNames sup{font-size: 70%;}.Prefix:after{content: '\00a0';}.Suffix:before{content: '\00a0';}.Degrees:before{content: ',\00a0';}.NativeName:before, .Role:before{content: '\00a0(';}.NativeName:after, .Role:after{content: ')';}.AffiliationNumber{float: left;padding-right: 0.5em;}.AffiliationText{margin-left: 2em;}.AffiliationHint{font-style: italic;}.AuthorNames .DeceasedSymbol:before{content: "\2020";padding-left: 3px;}.AuthorNames .EqualContributionSymbol:before{content: "*";padding-left: 3px;}.InstitutionMembers:before{content: '\00a0(';}.InstitutionMembers:after{content: ')';}.AffiliationLegend .DeceasedSymbol:before{content: "\2020";display: inline-block;width: 14px;}.AffiliationLegend .EqualContributionSymbol:before{content: "*";display: inline-block;width: 14px;}.ClearBoth{clear: both;font-size: 0pt;line-height: 0 !important;}.Contact, .AffiliationLegend{margin-bottom: 1em;margin-top:    1em;}.ContactIcon{background-image:url('envelope.png');background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;width: 0.8rem;}.AuthorNames .ContactIcon{display: inline-block;}.Contact .ContactIcon{float: left;margin-top: 4px;margin-right: 4px;}.ContactAuthorLine{padding-left: 20px;font-weight: bold;}.ContactAdditionalLine{padding-left:20px;}.ContactType{font-weight: bold;}/* Article/Chapter History *//***************************/.ArticleHistory{margin-bottom: 1em;margin-top: 1em;}.HistoryLabel{font-weight: bold;}.History+.History{padding-left: 0.5em;}/* Table of Contents *//*********************/.ArticleOrChapterToc{border-top: 1px solid #bbb;margin-top: 1em;padding-top: 1em;}.ArticleOrChapterToc .HeadingNumber{font-weight: bold;padding-right: 0.3em;}/* Abstract *//************/.Abstract{margin-top: 1em;}.Abstract>.Heading{font-size: 1em;margin: 0;}.AbstractSection{margin-top: 0.3em;}.Heading+.AbstractSection{margin-top: 0;}.AbstractSection>.Heading{font-size: 1em;font-style: italic;font-weight: normal;margin: 0;}/* Keywords *//************/.KeywordGroup{margin-top: 1em;}.KeywordGroup .Heading{display: inline;font-size: 1em;margin: 0;padding-right: 0.5em;}.Keyword+.Keyword:before{content: " \2013  ";}/* ArticleExternalID *//*********************/.ArticleExternalID{margin-top: 1em;}.ArticleExternalIDLabel{font-weight: bold;}/* Foreign Language Header *//***************************/.ForeignLanguageHeader{border-top: 1px solid #bbb;margin-top: 1em;}.ForeignLanguageTitleSection{font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 1.2em;margin-top: 1rem;}/* AbbreviationGroup *//*********************/.AbbreviationGroup{margin-top: 1em;}.ForeignLanguageHeader+.AbbreviationGroup{border-top: 1px solid #bbb;margin-top: 1em;padding-top: 1em;}.AbbreviationGroup>.Heading{font-size: 1em;margin: 0;}.AbbreviationGroup .DefinitionList{margin-top: 0em;margin-bottom: 0em;padding-right: 0.1em;padding-top: 0.1em;padding-bottom: 0.1em;}.AbbreviationGroupSection>.Heading{font-size: 1em;margin: 0;padding-top: 0.2em;}/* ArticleNote *//***************/.ArticleNote{margin-top: 1em;}.ArticleNote>.Heading{font-size: 1em;margin: 0;}.ArticleNoteMotto{font-style: italic;margin-left: 1.5em;margin-right: 1.5em;text-align: right;}/* Biography *//*************/.Biography{display: block;margin-top: 0.8em;padding-bottom: 0;width: 100%;}.Loc .AuthorGroup .Biography{margin-top: 0em;}.Biography .FormalPara, .Biography .BiographyFigure{display: block;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;}.Biography .BiographyFigure{float: right;margin-left: 6px;}.Biography .Figure{border-bottom: none;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0;}/*********************//* 3. General styles *//*********************//* BlockQuote *//**************/.Fulltext>.Para:first-of-type>.BlockQuote:first-child{margin-top: 0;}.BlockQuote{margin: 1em 1.5em;}.BlockQuote>.Heading{font-size: 1em;margin-top: 1em;margin-bottom: 0;text-indent: 0;}.BlockQuote>.Para{text-indent: 0;}.Heading+.Para>.BlockQuote:first-child{margin-top: 0;}/* Caption *//***********/.Caption, .TableFooter{display: block;text-align: left;}.TableFooter .SimplePara + .SimplePara{text-indent: 0;}.Caption{margin-top: 0.5em;}.CaptionContent{font-size: 90%;}.TableFooter{margin-top: 1em;}.Table .Caption{margin-top: 0.5em;}.Figure .Caption, video+.Caption{margin-bottom: 1em;}.Table .Caption{margin-bottom: 0.5em;}.CaptionNumber{font-style: italic;font-weight: bold;padding-right: 0.6em;}.CaptionContent>span.Heading{display: inline;}.CaptionContent>span.SimplePara{display: block;}.CaptionContent >.SimplePara:first-child, .CaptionContent>.CaptionNumber+.SimplePara, .CaptionContent>a+.SimplePara{display: 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.ParaTypeProcedure, .ParaTypeRecipe{text-indent: 0 !important;}.Para+.ParaOneEmphasisChild{margin-top: 1em;text-indent: 0 !important;}.ParaOneEmphasisChild+.Para{text-indent: 0 !important;}/* Part *//********/.PartNumber{display: block;font-size: 1.73rem;}.PartTitle{display: block;font-size: 1.73rem;}.SubPartTitle{display: block;font-size: 1.44rem;}/* ProgramCode *//***************/.ProgramCode{margin-top: 1em;margin-bottom: 1em;}.ProgramCode .FixedLine{font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size: 95%;word-wrap: break-word;}.LineGroup+.LineGroup{margin-top: 1em;}/* Quiz *//********/.Heading+.Para>.Quiz>.Heading{margin-top: 0;/* omit space above quiz heading if it follows another heading */}.Quiz .Heading{font-size: 1rem;margin-top: 1em;margin-bottom: 0;text-indent: 0;}.QuizTask{display: table;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;width: 100%;text-indent: 0;}.QuizTask + .QuizTask{margin-top: 1.5em;}.QuizItem{padding: 0.1em;}.QuizItemTypeSolution{/*background-color: #eeeeee;*/border: 2px solid #aaaaaa;margin-top: 0.5em;padding: 10px;}.QuizTask > input{display: none;}.QuizItem > label{color: #0176C3;}.QuizTask > input ~ .QuizItem > label + div{display: none;}.QuizTask > input:checked ~ .QuizItem > label + div{display: table-cell;}.QuizTask > input ~ .QuizItem > label:after{content: "  \00BB";}.QuizTask > input:checked ~ .QuizItem > label:after{content: "  \00AB";}.QuizTask > input ~ .QuizItemTypeCorrectAnswer{background-color: transparent;transition: background 0.4s;}.QuizTask > input:checked ~ .QuizItemTypeCorrectAnswer{background-color: #EAF2DB;transition: background 0.4s;}/* Review *//**********/.ReviewTitle{font-weight: bold;margin-top: 1em;text-indent: 0;}.Review .AuthorName+.AuthorName:before{content: ', ';}.Review .ISBN, .ReviewDataUnstructured{text-indent: 0;}.Review .Para:first-of-type{margin-top: 1em;text-indent: 0;}/* Sections *//************/.BookBackmatter>.Appendix:first-child>div:first-child{/* omit the top border of the first div 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previous section is in a box */}.SectionTypeBox>.Heading, .SectionTypeOverview>.Heading, .SectionTypeQuestionnaire>.Heading, .SectionTypeProcedure>.Heading, .SectionTypeRecipe>.Heading{margin-top: 0em;}/* Sidebars *//************/.InternalRefSidebarLexicon{background-image:url('sidebar.gif');background-repeat: no-repeat;font-weight: bold;padding-left: 20px;}.SidebarDialog{border: 1px solid;margin-left: 1.5em;margin-top: 0.4em;margin-bottom: 0.2em;padding: 0.2em;text-indent: 0;}.SidebarNumber{font-weight: bold;padding-right: 0.5em;}/* SimplePara *//**************/.SimplePara+.SimplePara{margin-top: 0;text-indent: 1.5em;}/* Stack *//*********//*.Stack {   position: relative;   padding-left: 0.25em;  }  .Stack sub {   position: relative;  }  .Stack sup {   left: 0.25em;   position: absolute;   top: -0.25em;  }*/.Stack{display: inline-table;vertical-align: top;}.Stack sub{display: table-row;}.Stack sup{display: table-header-group;}/* Tables *//**********/table{border-collapse: collapse;font-size: 80%;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0;}table .SimplePara + .SimplePara{text-indent: 0;}table, tr, td{border-color: #bbb !important;}th{border-color: #999 !important;}thead{background: #bbbbbb;color: #000000 !important;}.Table{margin-bottom: 1em;text-indent: 0;}.Caption .Table{margin-bottom: 0;}.Table img{height: auto;margin: 0;max-width: 100%;}th div{text-align: left;}td div, td p, th div, th p{padding: 0.2em;}.Para+.Table, .Para>.Table{margin-top: 1em;}.SimplePara>.Table{margin-top: .5em;}thead, tbody{vertical-align: top;}tbody+tbody tr:first-child td{padding-top: 1em;}.ExternalTable{background-color: #F8F8F8;border-top: 1px solid;border-bottom: 1px solid;margin-top: 1em;margin-bottom: 1em;padding-top: 0em;padding-bottom: 0em;}.ExternalTable .Table{padding-bottom: 0.3em;}/* UnorderedList *//*****************/.UnorderedList>.Heading{font-size: 1em;font-style: italic;font-weight: normal;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 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