Contents

Preface

Chronology

Introduction

Polemics, Caveats, and Standpoints

Organization of the Book

1 The Enlightenment and Anthropology

Early Enlightenment Thought

The New Anthropology of the Enlightenment

The Institutionalization of Anthropology

2 Marx’s Anthropology

What are Human Beings?

History

Truth and Praxis

3 Human Natural Beings

Charles Darwin and the Development of Modern Evolutionary Theory

Human Natural Beings: Bodies That Walk, Talk, Make Tools, and Have Culture

Marx on the Naturalization of Social Inequality

4 History, Culture, and Social Formation

Marx’s Historical-Dialectical Conceptual Framework

Pre-Capitalist Societies: Limited, Local, and Vital

5 Capitalism and the Anthropology of the Modern World

The Transition to Capitalism and its Development

The Articulation of Modes of Production

Property, Power, and Capitalist States

6 Anthropology for the Twenty-First Century

Social Relations and the Formation of Social Individuals

Anthropology: “The Study of People in Crisis by People in Crisis”

Notes

Bibliography