Figures in bold refer to illustrations
Academy, The (Academia Real de Bellas Artes de San Fernando),
30, 46, 67, 69, 71, 72, 77, 80, 141 Acalofilos, 53, 57
Afrancesados, 10, 26, 30, 53, 104, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 115, 122, 128, 145, 166
Alba, Duchess of, 46, 52, 57, 76, 86, 88, 92, 94, 98, 99 Alba, Duke of, 86 Alvarez de Toledo, Gabriel, 42 America, American, 15, 19, 20, 29,
42, 107, 110, 111, 167 Amigos del Pais, societies of, 25 Andalusia, 18, 27, 28, 73, 77, 86, 106, 108
Aparicio, Jose, 115 Apostolicos, 110, 111 Aragon, Aragonese, 16, 22, 28, 29, 30, 32, 108, 109, 116; baturros of, 28, 29, 171
Aragon, Agustina of, 7, 107, 142, 150, 162; and see Goya, Engravings, Disasters, What courage!
Aranda, Count of, 16, 23, 72, 76 Aranjuez, Tumult of, 104, 112 Arden John, Serjeant Musgrave’s Dance of, 158, 159 Asturias, 27, 72, 78, 98, 105, 106 Autentico Ser, of Spain, 17, 20, 22,
32, 166
Azana, Manuel, President of the Second Republic, 166
Badajoz, 105
Bailen, 107
de Ballesteros, Dr, 42
Bank of San Carlos, 19, 70, 71, 76
Barcelona, 19, 20
Basques, 18, 22, 25, 28, 30, 107
Bayeu, Francisco, 30, 67, 69, 72, 73
Bayeu, Josefa: see Goya
Bayonne, 32, 42, 104, 112
Beethoven, 7
Berger, John, 165, 167, 174, 175; on Picasso, 167; on portraiture,
174, 175
Bevan, Aneurin, aphorism of, 72 Bilbao, 49, 106
Bonaparte, Joseph, King of Spain,
30, 34, 50, 54, 76, 78, 94, 98, 102, 104, 105, 108, 110, 112, 113, 123, 128
Bonaparte, Napoleon, Emperor of the French, 8, 18, 20, 22, 28, 30, 33,
34, 98, 102, 104, 107, 109, 120, 141, 156, 174
Borbon, Don Luis de, 69 Bordeaux, 54, 100, 116 Bourbons, 12, 13, 17, 22, 24, 31, 102, 167
Bunuel, Luis, 166 Burgos, 108
(ja Ira, 7
Cabarrus, Francisco, 26, 54, 72, 76 Cadalso, Jose, 53
Cadiz, 19, 20, 33, 73, 78, 102, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110; Constitution of, 106ff.; and see Constitution of 1812 Calcografia, Royal, 37, 99, 106 Callot, Jacques, 6
Campomanes, Pedro Rodriguez de, Count of, 25, 26, 166 Canizares, playwright, 42 Canuelo, Luis, 17, 26, 27, 50 Capuchins, 106, 107 Carlos, Don, brother of Ferdinand VII, Carlists, 111, 112 Casticismo , 28, 32 Castile, 17, 18, 20, 28, 32, 105 Castro, Americo, 166 Catalonia, 19, 22, 106 Catholicism: see Inquisition Cean Bermudez, Juan Agustin, 26,
69, 70, 73, 76, 97, 141, 145, 146
Celestina, La, celestinas, 27, 46, 90 Censor, El, 17, 26, 27, 46, 50, 52, 76, 170, 174
Charles II, King of Spain, 17 Charles III, King of Spain, 15, 16,
18, 21, 22, 24, 25, 30, 50, 52, 61,
65, 76, 104, 109, 110 Charles IV, King of Spain, 32, 70,
72, 73, 98, 104 Charles V, Emperor, 32 Clavijo, Joseph, 25 Colegios Mayores, 22, 24 Comuheros, 32
Constitution of 1812, 102, 104,
109-10, 111, 114, 121, 151, 165 Cortejo, 45, 46, 72, 78, 92; Optica del Cortejo, 45
Costumbrismo, 28, 30, 53, 56, 76 Cruz, Ramon de la, 27, 64 Cuenca, 108
David, Louis, 7, 130 Delacroix, Eugene, 37 Diario de Madrid, 37 Diego de Cadiz, Fray, 44 Duarto y Larte, Jose, 116 Duchesne, Pere, 7
Empecinado, El, guerrilla leader, 108, 109
Encyclopedia, French, 15;
Encyclopedie Methodique (Panckouke), 16
England, English (Britain, British), 7, 17, 19, 20, 26, 29, 31, 33, 37, 50,
54, 70, 76, 77, 104, 167, 168; freeborn Englishman, 7, 8, 33; popular prints of, 8, 54, 73 Enlightenment, 12, 16, 17, 24-7,
31-4, 65, 67, 68, 73, 75-8, 92-5 and passim ; and the Caprichos, 46-58; and see Ilustrados Escoquiz, Juan de, 53 Escuelas Pias de San Anton, 29, 133 Espoz-y-Mina, guerrilla leader, 108 Esquilache, Marquis of, 15, 27;
riots, 15, 16, 24 Esteban, Francisco, el Guapo, smuggler, 27, 77
Europe, European, 18, 20, 28, 76, 111, 166, 171
Exaltados, 111, 116, 130, 165, 170,
174
Extremadura, 18, 32
Feijoo, Benito, 25
Ferdinand VI, King of Spain, 18
Ferdinand VII, King of Spain, 28,
33, 76, 98, 102, 104, 105, 106, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 166; as Prince of Asturias, 33;
Restoration of, 123, 127, 131, 134, 139, 141, 142, 145, 146, 150, 156,
174
Floridablanca, Count of, 16, 23, 31,
69, 72, 78, 107
Forner, Juan Pablo, 16, 17, 32, 42 France, French, 1, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 26, 28-34,
38, 50, 53, 54, 57, 65, 73, 76, 77,
78, 92, 98, 102, 104-9, 111, 112-14, 119, 120, 130, 131, 142, 145, 150, 151, 158, 162, 167, 168 Freemasonry, 107, 110 Fuendetodos, 28
Galicia, 18, 105, 106 Galarza, Juana, 100; family, 30, 101 Gassier, Pierre, 65, 137, 173 Gazeta, La, 37
Gericault, Theodore, 174, 175 German, Germany, 18, 100, 167, 168 Gillray, James, 8
Godoy, Manuel, 22, 32-4, 37, 46, 50, 52, 54, 72, 78, 92, 94, 99, 104, 105, 120
Goicoechea, Juan Martin, 30, 99; Martin Miguel, 100; family, 112,
114
Gossec, 7
Goya, Francisco: career of, 12, 28-31, 65-6; King’s painter, 12, 19, 30,
58, 69, 70, 72, 171; illness of 1777-8 of, 67, 68, 172, 173; illness of 1792 of, 31, 80, 172, 173; crises of 1780-83 of, 69-71; crisis of 1790s of, 72-86; anti-clericalism, of 37-58, 120-27, passim ; and Duchess of Alba, 86; and Jovellanos, 31, 46-50, 52, 53, 67,
68, 70, 72, 76-8, 94 and passim ; and Moratin, 53-7 and passim ; and pueblo, 64, 75, 77, 95, 169-77 and passim ; and Enlightenment, 37-58, 65, 67, 68, 73, 75-8, 92-5 and passim DRAWINGS:
102, 119-27, 133, 134, 137, 138,
145, 169, 173, 174, 175; Divine Liberty, 127, 132 , 145; Divine Reason, don’t spare one of them, 126 , 127; For being a Jew, 123,
124 ; For being a liberal?, 124 , 127; For having been born elsewhere, 123, 124 ; Good counsel, 176 ;
Good priest, where was it celebrated?, 90 , 91, 174; He doesn’t know what he’s doing, 121, 122 ; The light of justice, 126 , 127; Many widows have wept like you, 125 , 127; Masquerades 1794, 89 , 91; Mirror drawing, student-frog, 169 ; Sawing an old woman in half, 89 , 90, 91; To despise insults, 120, 121 , 122; What does this great phantom want?, 126 , 127; Will you never know what you’re carrying on your back?, 126 , 127; You agree?, 124 , 127;
ENGRAVINGS:
Caprichos, 11, 12, 34, 36-58, 64,
65, 75, 76, 77, 82, 86-91, 92-4,
97, 98, 99, 101, 102, 107, 110, 112, 119, 120, 121, 123, 127, 128, 129, 130, 134, 135, 136, 139, 141, 156, 160, 161, 162, 170, 171, 172, 175; And his house is on fire, 91 ;
And still they won’t go, 36 , 54; Blow, 56 ; Bravisimo, 42; Can no one untie us?, 45 , 46, 135; The chinchillas, 41 , 42; The family connexion, 168 ; Gone for good,
86, 87 ; If dawn breaks, we go, 57 ; Might not the pupil know more?, 43; No one has seen us, 48 ; Nothing can be done about it, 50; Now they’re sitting pretty, 40 , 41; See how solemn they are, 11 , 12, 50, 58, 161; Self-portrait, 70, 71 ; The sleep of reason, 38; Swallow it, dog, 47 , 48, 110, 165; That dust, 39 , 40; There’s plenty to suck, 55 ; They say yes and give their hand to the first comer, 46; They spruce themselves up, 57 ; Thou who canst not, 10 , 11, 12,
50, 58, 161; Time’s up, 38, 49; What a golden beak, 44, 45;
What a tailor can do, 49, 51 ;
What will he die of?, 43 ;
Disasters of War, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10,
11, 12, 34, 58, 65, 82, 94, 95, 97, 102, 112, 113, 115, 119, 121, 123, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140-63, 166, 170, 175, 177, 178; numbering of, 146-8, 153-6; Against the general good, 157 ; And nothing can be done, 144 ; And they are like wild beasts, 143 , 150; As if they are of another breed, 151 ; The beds of death, 152 , 161; Bury them and keep quiet, 149 ; The
carnivorous vulture, 158 ; Cartloads to the cemetery, 151 , 162; Charity, 149 , 161, 162; The consequences, 157 ; Farandole of charlatans, 159 ; He deserved it,
8, 9 , 10, 161, 162; It always happens, 7, 161, 162; May the rope break, 158 ; No one can know why, 148, 150 ; Nothing, that’s what it says, 7, 8, 140 , 153, 177, 178; One can’t look, 1, 148, 161, 162; Rabble, 8, 9 , 10, 161, 162;
Sad forebodings of what is to come, 133 ; The same, 143 ; They do not know the way, 156, 164 ; They don’t want to, 8; They take advantage, 8; This is the worst,
159 ; Three chained prisoners, 141, 145, 162, 178; Truth has died,
160 , 162; What courage!, 142, 144 , 150, 162; Why?, 150 ; Will she rise again?, 160 , 162; With reason or without, 6 , 8; The worst is to beg, 152 ;
Disparates, 65, 97, 119, 123, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 145, 160, 161; Animal Folly, 136; Disorderly Folly, 135 ; Feminine Folly, 134 , 135; Simpleton’s Folly, 136 ;
Suenos, 38, 94, 146, 174; Tauromaquia, 132, 134, 135, 136, 160;
Individual, The garroted man,
60 , 64, 69; paintings :
Black Paintings, 65, 80, 102, 115, 123, 129, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139,
161, 166, 172; The romeria of San Isidro, 137, 138;
Tapestry Cartoons, 12, 61-5, 67, 72-5; Blind man with guitar, 67, 69; The manikin, 64, 73, 74, 135; The injured mason, 61, 62, 64;
The drunken mason, 61, 63, 64,
75; Paseo in Andalusia, 14 ; Poor at the well, 61; The tobacco guards, 77, 91; The wedding, 64, 75; Winter, 61;
Individual, Allegory of the City of Madrid, 96, 102-4, 114; Brigand stripping a woman, 82, 83, 85 ,
128; Brigand murdering a woman, 82, 83, 84 , 128; The capture of the bandit Maragato, 101-2, 103 , 126, 129, 130; Christ on the Mount of Olives, 1, 131 , 133, 145, 175; The colossus, 118 , 129; Duchess of Alba, 86, 87 ; Family
of Charles IV, 98; The forge, 7,
101 , 123, 130; The Inquisition,
24 ; The knife-grinder, 7, 100 , 101, 130; The last communion of St Joseph of Calasanz, 133; Majas, clothed and unclothed, 98, 115; Making shot in the Sierra de Tardienta, 113 ; San Antonio Florida, frescoes, 92, 132, 175;
The Second of May, 4, 5, 115, 128, 131, 150; Self-portrait 1771-5, 67, 68 ; Self-portrait, Floridablanca portrait, 68 , 69; Self-portrait,
St Bernardino altarpiece, 69, 70; Self-portrait, 1795-7, 79, 86; Self-portrait, 1815, iv (frontispiece), 115; The shipwreck, 81, 83 ; Shooting in a military camp, 82 ,
128; The Third of May, 1, 2, 4, 5,
7, 115, 128, 131, 133, 148, 150,
161; The water-seller, 7, 99 , 101, 130; Witchcraft, 92, 93 ; Woman attacked by soldiers, 129; Yard with lunatics, 80, 81 Goya, Javier (son), 98, 99, 100, 114, 129
Goya, Josefa (Bayeu: wife), 113, 142 Granada, 106 Gregoire, Abbe, 33 Grimaldi, Marquis of, 15 Gudiol, Jose, 64, 82, 128 Guillemardet, Ferdinand, 37, 76
Harris, Tomas, 135 Held, Jutta, 128
Helman, Edith, 42, 47, 52, 54, 61-4, 66, 77 Hidalgo, 21
Holy Office, 21, 22-4, 28, 31, 50, 127; and see Inquisition
Ilustrados, 12, 23, 25—7, 28—34, 39, 44, 52, 53, 55, 58, 75, 77, 78, 92, 94, 104, 105, 107, 113,. 134, 166, 169, 170, 171, 173, 174 Inquisition, Spanish, 7, 15, 16, 21, 22-4, 28, 31, 33, 37, 40, 43, 44, 104, 110, 112, 115, 120, 123,' 127, 170 Iriarte, Bernardo de, 23, 66, 80, 82,
94, 119
Iriarte, Tomas de, 23 Isla, Padre, 25; Fray Gerundio of, 43, 44
Italy, 15, 30, 67
Jansenists, Spanish, 24, 33, 98 Jesuits, Spanish, 7, 16, 22-4
Jovellanos, Gaspar Melchor de, 19,
23, 26, 31-4, 54, 58, 98, 105, 107, 108, 170, 172; Informe of 1795 of,
19, 46, 109, 166; and Goya, 31, 67, 68, 70, 72, 76-8, 94; and the Caprichos, 46—50, 52, 53 Junta, governing, 105, 106, 107
Lenin, 166
Libro de buen amor, 27, 46 Liberates, 109
Llorente, Juan Antonio, 112 Logrono, Auto da Fe of 1610 at, Relacion of, 54-7, 92, 159; and see Moratin London, 54
Lopez, Vicente, 102, 115 Lucientes, Gracia (Goya’s mother), 28 Luna, Rita, actress, 54 Luzan, Jose, 30 Lyon, 30
Macanaz, Melchor de, 23
Machado, Antonio, 17
Madrid, 4, 5, 15, 20, 26, 28, 30, 34,
42, 57, 65, 71, 73, 76, 80, 86, 98,
100, 105, 109, 110, 112, 114, 115, 130, 131, 142, 157, 166, 171; Madrilenos, 104, 174; album, 65,
83, 86, 89, 102, 119, 120;
Esquilache riots in, 15, 16; 1808 rising in, 4, 5, 105; 1812 famine in, 98, 109, 130
Maiquez, Isidro, actor, 115 Majorca, 22, 98
Majos, Majas, Majismo, 21, 27, 28, 29, 50, 65, 73, 76, 86 Marat, 8
Marchena, Jose, 32
Maria del Rosario (Goya’s daughter?),
114, 116
Maria Luisa, Queen of Spain, 46, 78, 92, 94
Mariana, Juan de, 32
Marie Antoinette, Queen of France,
28
Marseillaise, 7 Martinez, Sebastian, 73 Marx, Karl, 33, 167, 168, 173, 178 Masson de Morvilliers, Nicolas, 16, 17 Melendez Valdes, Juan, 26, 27, 52, 53, 75, 77, 94, 105, 112, 115 Mengs, Anton Raphael, 30, 67, 69 Mesta, The Spanish, 19 Mina, family, 108 Moliere, 53 Montesquieu, 53
Moratin, Leandro Fernandez de, 26, 27, 53-7, 75, 92, 94, 98, 112, 115, 116, 159, 170; and Relation of Logrono Auto da Fe of 1610, 54-7, 159; and the Caprichos, 53-7; Nicolas Fernandez de, 32, 132;
Arte de las putas of, 46 Mostoles, 107 Murat, General, 105
Naples, 15, 16, 105 Navarre, 18, 22, 108
Olavide, Pablo de, 23 Ortega y Gasset, 28, 61, 65, 120 Osuna, Duchess of, the Countess- Duchess of Benavente, La Penafiel, 70, 76
Osuna, Duke of, 37, 41, 64, 70, 71,
73, 78, 92
Ovid, Ars Amatoria of, 46
Padilla, Juan de, 32, 33 Palafox, General, 107, 112 Panckouke, Charles Joseph, 16 Pardo, palace of, 61, 67 Paris, 16, 54 Parma, 30
Pastor, El, guerrilla leader, 107 Pensador, El, 25 Perez, Tiburcio, 116 Philip II, King of Spain, 166 Philip V, King of Spain, 18, 23 Picasso, Pablo, 121, 166, 167; Dream and Lie of Franco of, 121, 166; Guernica of, 166 Piedrahita, 114, 130, 157 Pignatelli, Count Ramon de, 29 Piranesi, Prisons of, 73 Pitt, William, the younger, 17 Pope, Papacy, 22, 32, 156; Papal Index, 23
Portugal, 33, 104, 108, 114 Prado, museum of, 111, 115; Paseo del, 46
Pueblo, 1, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 23, 27-9, 30, 44, 45, 54, 58, 64, 75, 77, 95, 107, 128, 130, 156, 162, 169, 170, 173, 174, 175, 177
Quintana, Manuel Jose, 32
Riego, Major Rafael, 57, 110, 112,
115; Revolution of (1820), 120, 127, 137, 138, 145, 165; Hymn of (Republican anthem), 110 Romana, General, 106
Romana, Marquess of, collection of Goya paintings of, 128 Romero, Jose Manuel, Minister of the Interior (Bonaparte), 112 Ronda, 106, 108 Roosevelt, Mrs Eleanor, 166 Rousseau, 23 Ruskin, 37
Saavedra, Francisco de, 37, 94 Salamanca, 70, 77; university of, 25, 26, 53
Salas, Gregorio de, 64, 65 Samaniego, fabulist, 49 Sanchez Albornoz, Claudio, 166 Sanlucar de Barrameda, 65, 83, 86,
89, 92, 119, 172
Saragossa, 7, 28, 29, 71, 156, 171; chair of economics in, 26, 29;
Aula Dei of, 30, 67; El Pilar of,
69; siege of, 107, 112, 142; Maid of, 7
Serviles, 109, 110, 121, 131 Seville, 19, 20, 73, 80, 86, 104, 106 Sierra Morena, 18 Southey, Robert, 49 Spain: The Two Spains, 17 and passim ; Black Spain, 7, 15, 50, 54 and passim ; the Decadence in, 18,
32, 52; Bourbon revival in, 15-22 population of, 18, 21; economy of, 18-21; social structure of, 20—21; Catholicism in, 18, 21, 48, 49 and passim 4 , Inquisition in, 7, 15, 16, 21, 22-4 and passim ; Enlightenment in, 24-7, 46-58 and passim ; and the French Revolution, 22, 23, 28-34, 50, 52 and passim 4 , and the War of Independence, 102-10 and passim 4 , and the Constitution of 1812, 106-10 and passim 4 , and the Restoration,
123, 127, 131, 134, 139, 141, 142, 145, 150, 156, 174; and the Revolution of 1820, 110-12, 120, 127, 137, 138, 145, 165 ; autentico ser of, 17, 20, 22, 32, 166; permanence of dilemmas of, 165-7 Spectator, The, 25 Stalin, Josef, 166
Tiepolo, Giambattista, 30 Toledo, 108; Archbishop of, 31 Trafalgar, battle of, 33
Urquijo, Mariano Luis de, 94, 98
Valencia, 19, 20, 22, 70, 105, 106; university of, 25
Valladolid, 70
Velazquez, Diego, 67, 69, 77, 98; Gonzalez, 5
Vicens Vives, Jaime, 166 Volney, 23 Voltaire, 23
Weiss, Leocadia (Goya’s mistress), 100, 114, 116, 130, 137, 142; and see Zorrilla; Guillermo (her son), 116
Wellington, Duke of, 98, 108, 109, 113 Wilson, Mrs Juliet, 65, 173 Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, 30 Witchcraft, 23, 53-7; and see Logrono; Moratin
Young, Edward, Night Thoughts of, 53
Zapater, Martin, 29, 66, 70, 71, 72, 78 Zorrilla, Leocadia, 100; family, 30; and see Weiss