Abalkin, Leonid, 46
Afghanistan, 17, 19, 23, 24, 28, 52, 62, 91–93, 155, 170, 188, 190, 197, 198, 200, 206, 233, 277
Africa, 233, 250, 252, 256, 262, 276, 304
political instability in, 245–46
African National Congress, 258
Age of Faith, The (Durant), 199
agricultural subsidies, 264–65
Andropov, Yuri V., 61, 82, 110
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, 88, 89
Aquino, Corazon, 28, 247, 249–50
Arab-Israeli conflict, 195, 206, 210, 217–19, 246
inter-Arab strife and, 246
Muslim world and, 217–31
nuclear weapons and, 221
occupied territories and, 219, 221–22, 224
peace settlement in, 219, 222–230
secrecy and, 229
terrorism and, 225
U.N. and, 223
Aristotle, 127
Armenia, 57
arms control, 83–90, 212–13, 279
see also Pacific rim
Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 191
August coup, 42–43, 49, 50, 56, 59, 69, 81, 98, 101, 109, 120, 122–23, 140, 182, 273
Gorbachev and, 30–31, 66–67, 70, 75–76, 78–79, 107
Yeltsin and, 31, 52–55, 70, 75–76, 78–79
Australia, 191
Austria-Hungary, 25
Aylwin, Patricio, 247
Babri Mosque, 247
Bacon, Roger, 199
Baghdad Pact, 211
Bakatin, Vadim, 94–95
Baltic States, 16, 46, 48, 52, 57, 58, 65, 70, 168
Bangladesh, 197
Bannister, Roger, 280
Begin, Menachem, 219
Bell, Daniel, 157
Ben-Gurion, David, 221
Benin, 250
Berlin blockade, 16
Bismarck, Otto von, 68
Black September, 195
Bolivia, 249
Brady bill, 295
Brezhnev, Leonid, 46, 48, 57, 61, 81, 82, 185
Burma, see Myanmar
Bush, George, 131, 169, 258, 265
German reunification and, 136, 138
nuclear weapons and, 83, 84–86, 88–89, 142, 279
Persian Gulf War and, 29–30, 34–35, 225, 300
Cambodia, 17, 19, 28, 155, 170, 180, 188, 233, 260, 261
Camp David accords, 207, 220–21, 226, 229–30
Canada, 36
Cape Verde Islands, 250
Carter Doctrine, 211
Castro, Fidel, 17, 20, 93, 259, 260
Central Command, U.S., 216
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 49, 50–51, 81, 93, 94
Central Treaty Organization, 211
Chernenko, Konstantin U., 82, 187
China, People’s Republic of, 13, 16–17, 20, 26, 49, 61, 148, 149, 184, 187, 190, 191–92, 195, 196, 206, 212, 238, 240, 241, 276
Cultural Revolution in, 166, 168–169
exchange programs and, 179
GATT and, 176
geographic isolation of, 165, 183
Hong Kong and, 181–82
human rights record of, 172–78, 182, 185, 193
leadership of, 172–73
modernization of, 181
most-favored-nation status of, 174–76
nuclear capability of, 163
nuclear proliferation and, 180
political change in, 177–78, 179
pro-democracy movement in, 179
reforms in, 164, 166–68, 170–171, 175, 182, 241
Soviet border dispute with, 164
Soviet rapprochement with, 20, 38, 184, 187–88
U.S. relationship with, 164–66, 169–70, 173–74, 176, 178–179, 182
U.S. trade surplus with, 176
world economy and, 167–68
China, Republic of, see Taiwan
Churchill, Winston, 105, 114, 305
Clausewitz, Carl von, 157
cold war, 81, 113–14, 123, 124, 125, 126, 145, 270, 273, 302
course of, 16–18
West Germany and, 119–20
communism, 14, 16, 18, 24, 67, 69–70, 75, 102, 109, 183, 246, 248, 270, 273, 277, 304
in Cuba, 259
end of history and, 21
free-market democracy and, 79–80
Gorbachev’s loyalty to, 43–44, 53–55, 63–64, 95–96
Islamic opposition to, 198
nationalism and, 55–59
Soviet, collapse of, 122–24
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), 127–28, 210
Congo, 17
Congress, U.S., 124, 162, 217, 225, 251, 272, 276, 286–87
Congress of People’s Deputies, Soviet, 66, 70
Constitution, U.S., 56
Constitutional Democrats, 72
Conventional Forces in Europe treaty (CFE), 27, 83–84, 212
Convention for the Limitation of the Spread of Missile Technology, 213
Council of Mutual Economic Assistance, 115
coup (August 1991), see August coup
Cuba, 20, 171, 250, 257, 260, 261
U.S. relations with, 259
Cultural Revolution, 166, 168–69
Czechoslovakia, 16, 17, 19, 90–91, 115, 127–29, 130, 132, 134, 135
debt-for-equity swaps, 269
debt relief, 269
Defense Intelligence Agency, 93
deficit, federal, 286
de Klerk, Frederik W., 28, 258
democracy, 33–34, 37, 40, 50, 70, 118, 289, 299, 301
in Latin America, 248–50
in Soviet Union, 301–2
in underdeveloped world, 247–51
Democracy in America (Tocqueville), 289
Democracy Wall, 168
Democratic Party, U.S., 273
Democratic party of Russian Communists, 72
democratic socialism, 102–4
Democratic Union, 72
Deng Xiaoping, 99, 168, 172, 188
economic reforms of, 166–67, 170–71, 175, 182, 241
De Soto, Hernando, 262
Dominican Republic, 264–65
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor M., 302
Dulles, John Foster, 221
Economist, The, 283–84
education, 242, 281–86, 292, 298
Egypt, 17, 155, 197, 198, 202, 206–207, 209, 216, 219–22, 253
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 59, 141
Eisenhower Doctrine, 211
end of history, myth of, 21–23
Enemy of the People (Ibsen), 58–59
entitlement programs, 287, 290–91
Eritrean Liberation Front, 250
Ethiopia, 17, 91, 246, 250, 252, 263, 267
Europe, Eastern, 14, 15, 16, 31, 38, 62, 81, 113, 126, 155, 168, 179, 183, 220, 248, 260, 268, 273, 277, 287, 304
decline of communism in, 18–19
economic transformation of, 131–134
ethnic conflicts in, 134–36
Gorbachev and economy of, 90–91
nationalism in, 128–29, 134–36
NATO and, 127–31
NED and, 251
Rapallo Treaty and, 120
security vacuum in, 116–17
Soviet domination of, 114–15
Soviet Union and economy of, 90–91, 134
Soviet Union and security of, 116–17
U.S. and, 131–34
Europe, Western, 23, 30, 32, 36, 97, 126, 131
Gorbachev’s vision of, 112–13
Islamic culture contrasted with, 198–99
Middle East and, 210–11
protectionism in, 122
U.S. presence in, 116–18, 124, 127, 140–41, 144–45
vulnerability of, 115–16
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 132
European Economic Community, 116, 119, 121–22, 135, 141, 264, 267
Persian Gulf War and, 126
Turkey and, 206
Fang Lizhi, 177
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 93
Finance Ministry, Japanese, 158
Finland, 280
Foreign Affairs, 166
foreign policy:
aid and, 44–46
Arab-Israeli conflict and, 220–21, 224–27
arms control and, 85–90
critical interests and, 36
East European economy and, 131–35
East Europe security and, 116–118, 127–31
end of history and, 21–23
of Gorbachev, 62
idealism and, 36, 37–38, 274–78
ideology and, 101–4
military power and, 23
Muslim world and, 39, 199–200, 204–10
national interests and, 36–37
NATO restructuring and, 140–144
in Pacific rim, 184–93
peripheral interests and, 36–37
self-determination and, 72–73
Soviet military and, 114–15
Soviet republics and, 74–76, 139–40
of Soviet Union, 81–84
Turkey and, 205–6
U.N. and, 34–35
in underdeveloped world, 39, 232–37, 262–63
unified Germany and, 118–21
united Europe and, 121–22
U.S. decline and, 24–26
U.S.-German relationship and, 136–39
vital interests and, 36
Western Europe and, 115–16
France, 25, 32, 59–60, 72, 78, 153, 275
German unification and, 119, 127
Middle East and, 210–11
Persian Gulf War and, 126, 127, 139
Frederick II (“the Great”), King of
Prussia, 36
free-trade zone, 266–67
Fukien, 175
Fuller, Leon, 303
General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT), 137, 181, 264
Genocide Convention, 135–36
Georgia (republic), 46
Germany, Democratic Republic of (East), 16, 17, 19, 24, 134
Soviet troops in, 114–15
Germany, Federal Republic of (West), 19, 268–69, 275
cold war and, 119–20
economic growth of, 115
technology-export policies of, 121, 138
Germany, Imperial, 120
Germany, unified, 26, 114, 129, 137, 138, 152, 153, 238, 273, 286
new power of, 118–21
Persian Gulf War and, 24, 32, 126–27, 136–37
U.S. relationship with, 136–39
Ghana, 246
Global Protection Against Limited Strikes system, 88–89
Goethe, Johann von, 293
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 50, 70, 81, 99, 100, 101, 123, 125, 142, 166, 170, 182, 279
assessment of, 104–8
August coup and, 30–31, 66–67, 70, 75–76, 78–79, 107
Bush administration and, 77
cabinet of, 47–49
East European economy and, 90–91
economic mismanagement by, 96–97
espionage activities and, 93–95
Europe’s future as envisioned by, 112–13
foreign policy of, 62
Kohl and, 120
as loyal to communism, 43–44, 53–55, 63–64, 95–96
military expenditures and, 82–83
Nobel Peace Prize awarded to, 46–47, 60
reactionaries and, 26–27
reforms of, 14–15, 18, 54–58, 73
Persian Gulf War and, 214
personality of, 61
Shevardnadze’s assessment of, 108
START talks and, 84–86
Western perception of, 80
Yeltsin contrasted with, 50–55, 76–77, 95
Yeltsin’s perception of, 105
Zia’s opinion of, 106
Gorbunovs, Anatolijs, 58
Great Britain, 25, 32, 59–60, 78, 136, 153, 156, 275
German unification and, 119, 127
Middle East and, 210–11
Persian Gulf War and, 126, 127, 139
Great Society, 292
Group Areas Act, 258
GRU, 93
Guangdong, 175
Guatemala, 264
Gulf Cooperation Council, 213
gun-control laws, 295
Hassan, King of Morocco, 207–8
Havel, Vaclav, 58
Helsinki Final Act, 135
Hitler, Adolf, 22, 29, 120, 300, 303
Hitler-Stalin Pact, 16
Holocaust, 300
Hong Kong, 39, 163, 170, 183, 233, 237, 238–39, 241, 245, 250
China and, 181–82
Great Britain and, 175, 238–39
Houphouët-Boigny, Félix, 244
human rights, 33, 177, 257, 261
China’s record of, 172–78, 182, 185, 193
India’s violation of, 206
international community and, 135–36
Hungary, 16, 17, 19, 49, 90, 115, 127–29, 130, 132, 134, 135
Hussein, King of Jordan, 226
Hussein, Saddam, 15, 22, 24, 29, 32, 62–63, 121, 138, 180, 195, 201, 203, 204–5, 214–15, 220, 222, 236, 273, 303
Ibsen, Henrik, 58–59
IMF (International Monetary Fund), 150
imperial tradition, 43
import restrictions, 265
import substitution, 239–40
India, 17, 21, 165, 197, 198, 221, 233, 253–55, 262
economic mismanagement by, 245
ethnic strife in, 247
human rights in, 206
Pakistan’s conflict with, 254–55
Indonesia, 196, 197, 198, 200, 202, 207, 233, 262
INF treaty, 187
Inkatha Movement, 258
internationalist idealism, 32
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 150
International Multifibre Agreement, 176
Iran, 16, 39, 195, 197, 198, 203, 204, 211, 214, 215, 216, 233
Iraq, 34, 39, 89, 155, 196–98, 201, 211
Arab-Israeli peace process and, 222–23
German technologies in, 121, 138
in Gulf War aftermath, 29–30, 32–33, 215
Kuwait invaded by, 15, 29, 273
Soviet Union and, 62–63, 170, 214
U.S. arms sales to, 203, 204, 212
Islam, 195–96, 198–99, 200–201, 202, 231
see also Muslim world
Islamic fundamentalism, 22, 195, 200–202
isolationism, 14, 32–33, 124, 274–277
Israel, 17, 37, 59, 173, 219–30
Camp David accords and, 207, 220–21, 226, 229–30
economic difficulties of, 251–52
Egypt’s peace treaty with, 206–7
occupied territories and, 219, 221–22, 224
peace process and, 222–30
Persian Gulf War and, 218
socialism in, 252–53
Soviet émigrés to, 222–23, 227
U.S. support of, 200, 218–20, 253
Israeli-occupied territories, 219, 221–22, 224
Ivory Coast, 244
Jackson, Michael, 156
Jamaica, 264
Japan, 16, 25–26, 38, 97, 98, 148, 149–63, 165, 187, 191, 206, 227, 238, 273, 275, 280, 286
aid to Soviet Union by, 155–56
business-government relationship in, 281
cultural barriers and, 161–62
defense-related technology and, 154–55
domestic competition in, 242
economic antagonism and, 156–157, 161–62
economic weakness of, 159
finance ministry of, 158
foreign aid policy of, 154–56, 268–69
GATT and, 161
Gorbachev’s visit to, 188–89
growth of, 150
Korean War and, 36
military budget of, 151–53, 157–158
Persian Gulf security and, 156
Persian Gulf War and, 24, 30, 32, 153–54, 163
protectionism and, 151, 154, 160, 242
regional conflicts and, 155
Soviet Northern Territories dispute with, 184–85, 188–90, 193
Soviet rapprochement with, 188–189
trade practices of, 158–59, 161
U.S. relationship and, 150–51, 156, 161–62, 185
U.S. trade imbalance with, 157–160
weapons renunciation agreement of, 151
women in, 159–60
Japan, Imperial, 152
Jiang Zemin, 173
Johnson, Lyndon B., 292
Johnson, Paul, 23
Jordan, 17, 121, 196, 198, 202, 222, 225–27
Kafka, Franz, 74–75
Kahn, Herman, 304
Kant, Immanuel, 22
Kaufman, Robert, 35
Kaunda, Kenneth, 250
Kazakhstan, 198
Kennedy, John F., 272–73
Kerekou, Mathieu, 250
KGB, 30, 46, 47, 49, 54, 65, 76, 93, 214
Khmer Rouge, 173
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 195, 201
Khrushchev, Nikita, 45–46, 48, 50–51, 57, 61, 66, 111, 139, 164
Kissinger, Henry, 229
Kitchen Debate, 45
“kleptocracies,” 236
Kohl, Helmut, 47, 60, 120, 136, 138
Korea, People’s Republic of (North), 16–17, 91, 164, 170, 171, 174, 180, 189, 190, 212, 238, 275
Korea, Republic of (South), 17, 20, 37, 39, 170, 177, 189, 191, 233, 237, 238, 242, 244, 250, 275
Korean War, 34, 36, 148, 164, 238, 175–76
Kozyrev, Andrei, 80–81
Kryuchkov, Vladimir, 49, 67, 93
Kuwait, 15, 24, 26, 29, 35, 63, 126, 195, 197, 203, 205, 220, 225, 273, 280, 303
Landsbergis, Vytautus, 58–59
Latin America, 233, 251–52, 262, 276, 304
communist insurgencies in, 246
democracy in, 248–50
free-trade zone and, 266–67
poverty in, 245
see also underdeveloped world Latvia, 16, 48, 57, 58, 65
League of Nations, 34, 128, 275
Lebanon, 29, 195, 196, 201, 203, 205, 215
Lenin, V. I., 22, 38, 43, 55, 56, 75, 106
liberalism, 296
Liberia, civil war in, 28, 246
Libya, 89, 91, 121, 138, 174, 195, 196, 198, 201, 209
Lincoln, Abraham, 56
Lithuania, 16, 46, 57, 58, 65, 168
London summit, 47
MacArthur, Douglas, 140
Macmillan, Harold, 139
Malaysia, 197, 198, 202, 233, 262
Malraux, Andre, 274
Mansfield amendment, 124
Mao Zedong, 13–14, 16, 110, 164, 248
Marcos, Ferdinand, 28
Mariam, Mengistu Haile, 246
Marshall Plan, 98, 115, 121, 133
Marxism-Leninism, 22, 25, 52, 95–96
Matsu, 17
Mauritania, 37
Mexico, 36, 208–9, 250, 252, 265–266
Mexico City policy, 263
Middle East, 195, 208, 210–12, 246
arms control and, 212–13
Gulf security and, 216–17
Nixon Doctrine for, 215–16
nuclear proliferation in, 204
population of, 197
poverty in, 213–14
see also Arab-Israeli conflict; Muslim world
Middle East Command, 210
Middle East Defense Organization, 210
Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi, 216
Moldavia, 57
Mongolia, 171
Morocco, 196, 198, 200, 202, 207–208, 209
Movement for Democratic Reforms, 72, 250
“MTV generation,” 282
Mubarak, Muhammad Hosni, 220
Muslim world, 194–231
Arab-Israeli conflict and, 217–31
arms control and, 212–13
cultural achievements of, 198–99
ethnic diversity of, 195–96
Gulf security and, 216–17
Islamic fundamentalism and, 195, 200–202
militarization of, 197–98
modernization and, 202–3
Nixon Doctrine and, 215–16
nuclear weapons and, 198
Persian Gulf War and, 209
poverty in, 213–14
regional conflicts in, 196–97
security framework for, 210–12
U.S. perception of, 194–95, 200
U.S. policy in, 199–200, 204–10
see also Middle East
Najibullah, 91–92
Namibia, 20
Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 183
National Economic Council, 281
National Endowment for Democracy (NED), 75, 251
national interests, summary of, 36–37
communism and, 55–59
in Eastern Europe, 128–29, 134–136
in Soviet republics, 55–56, 69, 70, 184
National Security Agency, 93
National Security Council, 141, 281
Nelson, Horatio, 299
Ne Win, 240
New Zealand, 191
Nicaragua, 17, 19, 62, 91, 251
Nixon, Pat, 283
Nixon Doctrine, 215–16
Nobel Peace Prize, 46–47, 60, 82
Noriega, Manuel, 20
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 23, 82, 84, 115, 116, 123, 136, 139, 149, 206, 210, 279
article 5 commitment of, 129
creation of, 125
Eastern Europe and, 127–31
nuclear weapons and, 142
underdeveloped countries and, 143–44
unified Germany in, 138
Warsaw Pact dissolution and, 117–18
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, 180, 279
nuclear weapons:
Arab-Israeli conflict and, 198, 221
China’s capacity in, 163
India and, 254–55
Muslim world and, 198
NATO and, 142
Pakistan and, 255
proliferation of, 180, 204, 206
Nurmi, Paavo, 280
oil embargo, 217
Olympic Games (1972), 195
Other Path, The (De Soto), 262
Ottoman Empire, 42
“out of area” security cooperation, 143
U.S. presence in, 190–93
Pakistan, 17, 21, 91, 106, 173, 196, 197, 198, 202, 211, 221, 233, 262
economic mismanagement in, 245
India’s conflict with, 254–55
nuclear weapons and, 255
Persian Gulf War and, 209
U.S. Middle East policy and, 206
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 219, 220, 222, 223, 226–27
Panama, 20
Paris Peace Agreements, 276
“Peace Cooperation Corps,” 153
perimeter-portal monitoring, 87–88
Persian Gulf War, 15, 24, 142, 207, 213, 218, 222, 224–25, 235, 273, 280, 292
aftermath of, 29–30, 32–33, 215
Soviet Union and, 29, 32, 62–63, 214
U.S. involvement in, 29–30, 210, 300
Western Allies and, 126, 127, 139
Philippines, 20, 28, 148, 209, 233, 247, 249–50, 265, 275
Pinochet, Augusto, 249
Pitt, William, 299
Poland, 16, 17, 18–19, 90, 117, 119, 127–29, 130, 133, 134, 135
economic transformation of, 131–132
population control, 263
Population Registration, 258
in Latin America, 245
in Middle East, 213–14
in underdeveloped world, 233–235, 245
in U.S., 295–97
“Prague Spring,” 17
protectionism, 122, 131, 238, 265, 280, 299
in Israel, 252–53
in Western Europe, 122
Pushkin, Alexander, 54
Quemoy, 17
racism, 298
Radio Free China, 179
Radio Free Europe, 179
Rapallo Treaty, 120
Rapid Deployment Force, U.S., 216
Reagan, Ronald, 43, 60, 62, 204, 211, 216, 251, 277
reform, 26, 118, 132, 133, 169
in China, 164, 166–68, 170–71, 175, 182, 241
in Eastern Europe, 14–15, 27–28
by Gorbachev, 14–15, 18, 54–58, 73
U.S. aid and, 49–50
Republican party, U.S., 273
Republican party of Russia, 72
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 59, 300
Rukh movement, 58
Russia, republic of, 46
Russian Democratic party, 72
Russian Revolution (1917), 15, 30, 72, 140
Russo-Japanese War, 184
Ruutel, Arnold, 58
Sakharov, Andrei, 47
Salinas de Gortari, Carlos, 266
SALT I treaty, 279
Saudi Arabia, 173, 196, 197, 198, 200, 205, 208, 212, 213, 214, 216, 217, 222, 227
self-determination, 72–73
Senate, U.S., 124
Sharif Nawaz, 206
Shatalin plan, 65
Shevardnadze, Eduard, 46, 58, 64, 82, 107–8
Shining Path, 247
Singapore, 39, 162, 183, 191, 233, 237, 239, 241, 242, 245, 250
Single European Act, 121
Sino-American trade agreement, 174
Social Democrats, 72
socialism, 64, 196, 241, 287, 293–294, 304
in Africa, 246
in Israel, 252–53
in Soviet Union, 43–44
Western policy and, 102–4
Solidarity labor movement, 17, 18
South Yemen, 198
Soviet republics, 58, 89, 99, 145, 146
communist deprivations in, 57
CSCE and, 128
elections in, 66
nationalism in, 55–56, 69, 70, 184
Russia’s importance to, 77–78
security vacuum of, 117
U.S. foreign policy and, 74–76, 139–40
Soviet Union, 126, 166, 167, 200, 212, 233–35, 244, 273, 275, 276–77
China’s border dispute with, 164
in cold war, 16–18
conflicting traditions in, 139–40
Eastern Europe dominated by, 114–15
Japan’s dispute with, 184–85, 188–90, 193
Jewish emigration from, 222, 223
1973 Middle East War and, 221
Persian Gulf ambitions of, 214
Persian Gulf War and, 62–63, 214
republics brutalized by, 57–59
Vietnam aided by, 259–60
World War II aftermath and, 25
Soviet Union, postcommunist, 14, 26, 48, 61, 113–14, 125–26, 132, 149, 183, 206, 223, 279, 304
administrative weakness of, 71–72
arms control and, 83–90
assets of, 99–100
August coup in, see August coup
bureaucratic system of, 43, 69, 101
CFE treaty and, 27
China’s rapprochement with, 20, 38, 184, 187–88
collapse of communism in, 122–124
commonwealth as goal for, 70, 109
democracy in, 301–2
democratic socialism and, 102–4
East Asia policy of, 184–90, 193
East European economy and, 90–91, 134
East European security vacuum and, 116–17
espionage activities by, 93–94
foreign policy of, 81–84
foreign vs. economic policy of, 62–63
free election in, 55
German aid to, 120–21
imperialistic tradition of, 43, 69, 123
Japanese aid to, 155–56
Japan’s rapprochement with, 188–89
military spending and, 81–83
Muslim population of, 196
nationalism in, 55–56, 69, 70, 184
NATO as balance to, 23
Persian Gulf War and, 29, 32, 62–63, 214
political system of, 68–73
post-coup economy of, 98–99
reactionaries in, 15
reform movement in, 66–61
self-determination and, 72–74
socialism and, 43–44
third world regimes and, 91–92
trade and, 23–24
U.S. contrasted with, 56
Western aid to, 44–47, 49–50, 76–77, 97–100
xenophobia of, 190
Yeltsin’s importance to, 78–79
Spain, 25
Stalin, Joseph, 16, 29, 38, 56, 57, 63, 67, 110, 113, 115, 120, 156, 164, 187, 201–2
State Department, U.S., 50–51, 54, 181
state economic interventionism, 251
Steffens, Lincoln, 101
Stein, Herbert, 278
Stevenson, Adlai, 52
Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty (START), 18, 27, 83, 84–90, 279
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 62, 279
Sudan, 198
Suez crisis (1956), 17, 59, 210
Suharto, 207
supply-side economics, 242
Sweden, 103
Syria, 138, 195, 196–97, 201, 203, 205, 206, 208, 212
Israel and, 173, 222, 223, 225, 228
Soviet Union and, 17, 91, 198, 221, 222, 227
Taiwan (Republic of China), 17, 39, 164, 175, 177, 183, 233, 250
Communist China and, 170, 181, 241
exports and, 245
growth of, 237–38
international standing of, 181–82
literacy rate of, 242
taxes:
in underdeveloped world, 242–243
U.S. deficit and, 286–87
terrorism, 17, 195, 198, 201, 203–204, 205, 209, 215, 225
Thatcher, Margaret, 29, 60, 145
third world, see underdeveloped world
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 280–81
Tiananmen Square uprising, 20, 49, 168–69, 171, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 182
Tibet, 179–80
Tigre People’s Liberation Front, 250
Tito (Josip Broz), 16
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 111, 118, 289
barriers to, 264–67
as deterrent to aggression, 23–24
Japanese practices in, 158–59, 161
most-favored-nation status and, 174–76
Soviet Union and, 23–24
underdeveloped world and, 264–265
U.S.-Asian, 148
U.S.-Chinese, 176
U.S.-East European, 134
Traore, Moussa, 250
Tripartite Declaration, 210
Truman, Harry S., 59, 114, 272
Turkey, 16, 39, 137, 196, 202, 205–6, 211, 272
underdeveloped world, 39, 89, 232–271
apartheid and, 257–59
capitalism in, 262
China and regional conflicts in, 173
competitive markets and, 240–41
debt relief and, 269
declining economies of, 251–53
democracy in, 247–51
economic development in, 233–34
economic mismanagement in, 245
economic potential of, 235
enterprise funds and, 132, 268
foreign aid for, 255–57, 267–69
foreign investment and, 243–44
free-trade zone and, 266–67
GATT and, 264
human capital of, 242
import substitution and, 239–40
inflation in, 249
international competition and, 241
military spending by, 255
NATO and, 143–44
pariah states of, 257–61
political corruption in, 249–50
political instability in, 245–47
population control and, 263–64
proposed disengagement from, 236
racism and, 241
Soviet Union and regional conflicts in, 62, 91
state intervention and, 243–44, 251, 253–54
taxes and, 242–43
trade barriers and, 264–67
U.S. as perceived by, 270–71
wars in, 235
Union of Sovereign States, 107
United Arab Emirates, 205
United Nations (U.N.), 121, 144, 150, 153, 170, 208, 210, 215, 276, 277
Arab-Israeli conflict and, 223
Persian Gulf War and, 29, 33, 34–35
Yugoslavian civil war and, 135
United States:
domestic concerns of, 291–97
leadership role of, 287–88
limited power of, 33–34
military force of, 279–80
myth of decline of, 24–26
values of, 288–89
world economy and, 25–26
United States-Japan Mutual Security Treaty, 150
urban underclass, 295–97
Uruguay Round, see General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs
U.S. Institute, 181
Uttar Pradesh, 247
Uzbekistan, 198
“velvet revolutions,” 23
Vietnam, 19, 31, 91, 171, 174, 187, 190, 233, 257, 267
Soviet aid to, 259–61
U.S. relations with, 259–60
Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (North), 17, 164, 176
Vietnam, Republic of (South), 17, 164, 276
Vietnam War, 148, 164, 165, 166, 187, 261
“virgin lands” campaign, 57
Voice of America, 179
Voltaire (François Marie Arouet), 183
Walesa, Lech, 58
welfare system, U.S., 296
Western European Union, 206
Wilson, Woodrow, 34, 58, 59, 229, 300, 304
World Bank, 267–68
World War I, 22, 34, 120, 124, 275
World War II, 16, 22, 81, 100, 120, 124, 136, 148, 150, 151, 152, 185, 189, 214, 218, 275, 300, 303
aftermath of, 115–16, 123, 235, 268
U.S. GNP and, 25–26
Yakovlev, Alexander, 46
Yeltsin, Boris, 27, 44, 47, 58, 65, 68, 83, 93, 100, 101, 103, 125, 140
August coup and, 31, 52–55, 70, 75–76, 78–79
Gorbachev as perceived by, 105
Gorbachev contrasted with, 50–55, 76–77, 95
importance of, 78–79
Yemen, 196
civil war in, 125, 126, 129, 135, 142
Zahir Shah, Mohammed, 92
Zambia, 250
Zhou Enlai, 184