567

Forrest, Edwin, 5, 232, 369; declines nomination for Congress, 259; rescues Lcggett, 260

Forsyth, John, Secretary of State, 104, 117

Foster, William, Massachusetts labor leader, 149, 169, 176, 225; on independent treasury, 263

Fourierism, 361-368

Fredoniad, The (Emmons), 142

Free Enquirer, radical New York journal, 46, 138, 139, 140, 181, 182, 356

Free Press Association (New York), 137

Free Soilers, 452, 480, 488, 491; Buffalo convention, 465-466; presidential campaign, 466-468; oppose Compromise of 1850, 472; nominate Hale, 474

Free Trade Advocate, 79

Free-trade Association, Byrdsall founds, 407

Frelinghuysen, Theodore, 138; quoted on Biddle, 114; champion of religion in politics, 351-352; nominated for Vice-President, 438

Fremont, John Charles, 61; Republican nominee, 479

French Revolution, 136

Fugitive Slave Act, 475, 488

Fuller, Margaret, 373

Gai.lattx, Albert, 26, 76, 111, 187, 225, 395; urges resumption of specie payments, 252, 253; quoted on Bank of United States, 364-365; on "banking," 525

Gamble, Roger L., 228

General Union for Promoting the Observance of the Christian Sabbath, 138, 143

Geneva, New York, shoemakers strike at. 194

Georgia missionaries, case of, 350

Gerard, James W., 480

Gilpin, Henry D., 203, 204, 372, 435; on Bank of United States, 75; on labor meeting in Philadelphia, 229-230; on independent treasury, 263

Girard, Stephen, 202

Girard Will case, 353

Godwin, Parke, spokesman of Fourierism, 363-364, 365, 366, 367

Gold, revaluation of, 126-127

Gordon. William F., 227-228. 248

Gouge, William M., 79, 308; fonnulates

hard-money doctrines, 117-119, 125, 526; quoted on credit expansion, 121; on overproduction, 122; on Specie Circular, 222; advocates separation of bank and state, 227, 228, 229, 234; on surplus public funds, 240; on social order, 306; on corporations, 335; on slavery, 425

Gould, Jav, 333, 502

Greeley, Horace, 378, 416, 468, 507; quoted on Wright, 104; on separation of bank and state, 237; on federal labor restriction, 266; nco-Jeffer-sonian, 281, 285; ardent Whig, 294-296; advocates homestead bill, 348, 349; champions Fourierism, 364, 367; on tariff agitation, 423; opposes Polk, 440, 443; on anti-Lincoln feeling, 493; Democrats endorse, 503

Green, Duff, 6, 54, 70. 71, 214, 501

Greene, Charles Gordon, editor of Boston Post, 102, 147, 165. 167, 434, 476; quoted on Thacher, 166; on Hallett, 173; upholds Knceland. 358

Greene, Nathaniel, 147, 148, 320

Greene, \^'ilIiam B., 503

Greenough, Horatio, 369

Grinnell, Aloses H., 92

Grow, Galusha A., 349

Grundy, Felix, 52, 58

Hale, John P., 430-431, 456, 465, 474, 478

Hale, William H., 185, 317

Hallett, Benjamin F., radical Democrat, 173-174, 176, 256, 391, 406. 434, 446, 466, 475; defends Luther. 415; champion of slavery, 426; chairman of Democratic national committee. 476

Hamilton, Alexander, 277; and struggle for Federalism, 9-16; quoted on United States Bank, 76; on note issue, 119

Hamilton, James A., 88

Hamlin. Hannibal, 451, 478

Hammond, J. H., 248

Hammond, Judge, 453

Hinnpshire Republican, 165

Hanna, Mark, 282

"Hans Pfaal" (Poe), 232

Hard-money policy. Jackson supports, 115-117; Gouge'formulates, 117-118; objectives of. 119-121, 526-52^; the-or>^ and practice of, 121-131, 239-240; Walker reshapes, 502. See also Banking

INDEX

Hare, Dr. Robert, quoted on class relations, 270

Harris, J. G., 149

Harrison, William Henry, defeated, 1836, 211, 215; 1840 campaign, 248, 289-294, 298; presidency, 279, 304-305, 394

Hart, Eli, and Company, 219, 220

Hartford Times, 354

Hasbrouck, Stephen, 407

Haughton, Richard, editor of Boston Atlas, 288

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 50, 99, 369, 370, 371, 372, 374-375, 518; quoted on Jackson, 42

Hecker, Isaac, 407

Hecker, John, 407

Hecker brothers, 198

Henshaw, David, political boss in Massachusetts, 147-148, 165, 167, 170, 171-172, 175-176, 358, 395, 446, 466; Loco-focos reject, 231; fights for ballot reform, 343; Secretary of the Navy, 434

Herkimer, New York, Barnburner convention at, 460-461

Herschel, Sir John, 232

Herttell, Thomas, 355, 356

Hildreth, Richard, 46, 331; quoted on Massachusetts conservatism, 146; editorial writer for Boston Atlas, 288; on common law, 330

Hill, Isaac, 104, 147, 406, 434, 480

Hinsdale Act, 337

History of Paper Money (Gouge), 121, 227, 229

History of the United States (Bancroft), 161, 162, 370, 381

Hoffman, Michael, 179, 397, 437; quoted on Seward, 286; leader of Barnburners, 398

Hogan, Thomas, 193, 205, 229

Holland, William M., 213

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, quoted on Lemuel Shaw, 340

Home as Found (Cooper), 377, 378

Homestead Act of 1862, 349, 499

Homeward Bound (Cooper), 376, 377, 379

Hone, Philip, 223, 259; quoted on Jackson, 99, 215; on Jackson, Van Buren and Benton, 224; on separation of bank and state, 237, 240; on Whig party, 287

Honest Man's Book of Finance and Politics, The (Hunt?), 492

House of the Seven Gables, The (Hawthorne), 374

Houston, George, 137

Houston, Sam, 474, 489

Howe, Samuel Gridley, quoted on capital and labor, 166; attacks Knee-land, 357

Hubbard, Senator, 221

Hudson, New York, shoemakers strike at, 197

Hunkers, conservative New York Democrats, 397, 445, 455^56, 460, 480

Hunt, John H., 492

Hunter, R. M. T., 480

Immigration, Democrats welcome, 320; increase of, 507-508

Independent treasury, struggle for, 227-241, 250-252, 264; Van Buren signs bill, 265

Industrialism, rise of, 8-9, 10-11, 18, 309-310, 507; in Massachusetts, 144, 148; Jacksonian Democracy and, 334-339. See also Labor

Ingersoll, Charles Jared, 202, 203, 204, 228, 230, 339, 515

Inquiry into the Expediency of Dispensing with Bank Agency, etc. (Gouge), 229

Inquiry into the Moral and Religious Character of the American Government, An, iS2

Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States, An (Taylor), 22-25, 308-309

Internal reform, doctrine of, 273-275

Investigator, The, 359

Irving, Washington, 50, 100, 369, 370, 374; quoted on Van Buren, 55; opposes independent treasury, 263; conservative Democrat, 238-239

Jack Downing papers (Davis), 48, 214,

277-278 Jackson, Andrew, 19, 28; elected President, 3; inauguration, 6; background, character and reputation, 36-43; spoils system under, 45-47; party hostilities under, 47, 54-56; intervenes in behalf of Airs. Eaton, 54; opposes government aid to private corporations, 58-59; reorganizes cabinet, 63-66; quoted on Cass, 64; on Livingston, 64; on journalists, 67; Kitchen Cabinet, 67-73; opposes Bank of United States^

569

76, 80-Sl, 85, 86, 88-92, 97-98, 100-102, 103. 106-114, 123-124; re-elected, 94, 96-97; and tariff of 1832, 95-96; visits New York and New England, 98-99, 310-311; favors hard money, 115-117, 126, 131; on stock-jobbers, etc., 121; administration ends, 215-216; advocates separation of bank and state, 229, 235; and charge of executive despotism, 276-277; on separation of church and state, 354; a churchgoer, 355; advocates annexation of Texas, 428; last days and death, 446-449; and Jeffersonian myth, 511-512, 517, 518

Jackson, Sarah Yorke, 448

Jacksonianism in West, 205-209; defined, 306-307, 318-321; Jeffersonian-ism as source of, 307-314; Adam Smith an inspiration for, 314; social revolt in Britain a stimulus to, 317-318, 320; legal reform under, 324-333; corporation reform under, 334—339; agitates for labor, 339-344; and settlement of public lands, 344-349; fights religion in politics, 350-355, 359-360; Fourierism, 361-368; intellectuals uphold, 369-371; transcendentalists and, 380-382; Civil War absorbs, 505-507; traditions of, 505-523

Jaques, Aloses, 191, 199, 219, 228, 261

Jaudon, Samuel, 211

Jefferson, Thomas, 5, 30, 115, 136, 227; opposes industrialism, 8-9, 18; presidency, 18, 19, 20; quoted on Federalism and John Taylor, 26; on federal government, 29; on Jackson, 37; on cities, 310; on majorities and minorities, 401

Jeffersonian, The, 285

Jeffcrsonianism, struggle for, 18-29 changing interpretations of, 57-58 Jacksonianism as revival of, 307-314 the myth, 511-512, 517, 518

Johnson, Andrew, 215; agitates for homestead bill, 348; character and career, 496-500; presidency, 500-501

Johnson, Cave, 435

Johnson, Richard M., 15, 59, 68, 69, 80, 191, 435; quoted on government aid to Kentucky company, 58; opposes United States Bank, 86; agitates for abolition of imprisonment for debt, 135; champion of working class. 136; defends religious liberty, 139-140; career described, 140-142; Vice-Pres-

ident, 212, 214; loses renomination, 296-297; on religious liberty, 354 Journalists, Jackson recognizes, 67 Judiciary, Federalists seek control of,

15-16. See also Supreme Court Julian, George W., 466

Kansas, admitted to Union, 484-485

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 476^79

Kemble, Fanny, 92-93, 110

Kendall, Amos, 32, 58, 88, 89, 116, 156, 214, 250, 335, 441, 501; quoted on Jackson, 6, 40, 41, 235; member of Kitchen Cabinet, 67-70, 72-73; favors hard money, 80, 98, 100; on "Nobility System," 97; Postmaster General, 117, 190; on labor, 306; on commerce, 319; quarrels with Blair, 392-393; business manager for Morse, 394; opposes protective tariff, 422-423; opposes Lincoln, 494; death, 502

Kendall, William, 393

Ke-ndalVs Expositor, 393-394

Kent, James, 12, 48; quoted on power and propert\', 13; on Jackson, 110, 322; on state of government, 267; old-guard conservative, 287; on Charles River Bridge decision, 327; opposes codification, 331

King, Charles, 253, 287

King, James G., 109, 111, 186

King, Preston, radical Democrat, 179, 286, 398, 438, 456, 464, 473, 475; quoted on compromise, 258; abolitionist, 430 defends Wilmot Proviso, 451-452 joins Republicans, 477, 478, 483, 509 death, 501; on suffrage in New York, 508

King, Rufus, 109, 284; quoted on Van Buren, 50

Kitchen Cabinet, 67-73

Kneeland, Abner, 213; trial and imprisonment, 356-359

Knowlton, Dr. Charles, 356

Know-Nothing party, 480

Labor, organization of, 32-33; formulates demands, 133-134, 142-143; organizes in Massachusetts, 149-151, 165-167; wakes to paper-money issue, 156; organizes in New York, 192-196; in Pennsylvania, 201-205, 229-230; Van Buren limits, to ten-hour day on federal works, 265-266, 519; conser%'a-tives modify attitude toward, 270-273; Democrats oppose creed of in-

INDEX

temal reform, 274-275; under Jack-

sonian Democracy, 339-344 Labor the Only True Source of Wealth

(Fisk), 231, 520 "Laboring Classes, The" (Brownson),

299-304, 309, 360 Laissez faire, doctrine of, 3 IS, 316, 317,

341 Lake Gun, The (Cooper), 380 Lamennais, H. F. R. de, 320 Land Reformers, 416-417, 492 Landor, Walter Savage, 203, 320 Langtree, S. D., 371, 372 Lawrence, Abbott, 112, 138, 145, 161;

quoted on condition of Americans,

223; guiding genius of Whig party,

422 Lawrence, Amos, 112, 481; quoted on

A. H. Everett, 175 Lawrence, Cornelius, Mayor of New

York, 219, 220 Leavitt, Joshua, 465^66 Lee, Gideon, 192, 233 Lee, Henry, 112, 144, 145, 169 Leggett, William, 50, 118, 213, 259, 261,

286, 308, 369, 370; New York radical,

186-187, 188, 189; collapse, 190-191;

quoted on Jackson's administration,

216; on flour riot, 219; founds Plahi-

dealer, 232; last years and death, 260;

student of Adam Smith, 315, 316; on

Marshall, 323; apostle of laissez faire,

341; opposes slavery, 426-427; on

hard-money policy, 526 Leigh, Benjamin Watkins, 12; quoted

on power and property, 13 Leland, Elder John, 355 Letter to His Countrymen, A (Cooper),

376 Lewis, Dixon H., 248, 417; quoted on

Calhoun, 242 Lewis, Taylor, 353 Lewis, William B., 7, 58, 59, 142, 441 Liberalism, 505, 520-522 Liberty party, 426, 439, 456-457, 465 Lieber, Francis, quoted on Webster,

84; on unions, 194, 341 Life of Martial Van Buren (Clayton),

279 Lincoln, Abraham, 215, 293, 460, 471,

476; quoted on Democratic party,

481; on Republicans and Democrats,

490; nominated for President, 493 Lincoln, Levi, 144, 159; quoted on state

of White House, 294 Lippardr George, 492

Little, Rev. Robert, 3

Livingston, Edward, 6, 41, 95; Secretary of State, 63-64, 66; upholds United States Bank, 85, 89, 98; Minister to France, 99; leads movement toward , codification, 330 ||

Livre du Peuple, Le (Lamennais), 320 T

Locke, John, 381

Locke, Richard Adams, 220, 259; founds New Era, Ill-Ill

Locofocos, spread of, 191-192, 205, 208-209, 261; lead labor movement, 198-199; in depression of 1836-1837, 219-220; advocate separation of bank and state, 236; back Van Buren for '44, 400; support Calhoun, 407; oppose abolition, 425

Log Cabii2, Whig paper, 294

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 370, 372

Lothrop, S. K., 359

Lovejoy, Elijah P., 426

Lowell, James Russell, 372, 453

Lowell, Massachusetts, 271; Crockett visits, 278; Jackson visits, 310-311

Luther v. Borden, 414-415

Luther, Martin, 414-415

Luther, Seth, labor leader in New England, 149-151, 156, 165, 167, 168, 193, 265, 425, 450; supports Dorr, 412, 413

Lyman, G. W., 112

Lyman, Tlieodore, 144, 146, 148

McDuFFiE, George, 85, 86, 94-95, 245

McKinley, Justice, 328

McLane, Louis, 6, 81, 117; quoted on Jackson, 42, 97; Secretary of the Treasury, 64, 66; upholds United States Bank, 85, 89, 98, 101; on Webster, 97; Secretary of State, 99

McLean, Justice, 54

Macon, Nathaniel, Jeffersonian Republican, 26-29, 57, 61, 115, 310; quoted on reform, 59, 80; on Benton, 82

Madison, James, 12, 37, 76, 115; presidency, 18, 19; collaborates on Federalist, 20

Madisonian, The, 235, 237, 241; directs campaign against Van Buren administration, 251-252; attacks Brownson, 302; quoted on Locofocoism, 328; on Democratic Review, 111

Majority, problem of government by, 314, 402-406, 413^14

Manifest Destiny, 427^28, 431, 450

Mann, Horace, on Benton, 61

571

Manual of American Principles, 230

Manufacturing. See Industrialism

Marcy, William L., Democratic leader in New York, 178, 180, 474; quoted on Butler, 179; Governor of New York, 234, 286, 372, 397, 398; opposes separation of bank and state, 237-238; opposes radicalism in New York, 258; fails of re-election, 259; on Johnson, 435; Secretary of War, 442, 444; on Wright, 455

Marshall, John, 6, 12, 26, 31, 65, 96; expands power of judiciary, 15; Chief Justice, 322-325 passim

Martineau, Harriet, 53, 110; quoted on Kendall, 72; on Calhoun, 242; on Boston Reformer, 255; on Democratic part>% 369-370

Mason, Jeremiah, 146, 267; quoted on power and property, 13-14

Massachusetts, industrialism in, 144, 148; National Republican party in, 144-146; Jacksonians in, 146-148; Work-ingmen's movement in, 149-151, 157; radical and conser\'ative Democrats in, 165-172, 175-176, 231, 254-257; paper money in, 172; new conservatism in, 288-289; 1840 campaign in, 297; legal reform in, 331; labor struggles for political rights in, 343-344

Massachusetts Quarterly Review, 453

Masses, rise of, 507-510

Mayo, Dr. Robert, 73, 224

Mechanics' Union of Trade Associations, 32

Merry Tales of the Three Wise Men of Gotham, The (Paulding), 374

Ming, Alexander, 184, 259

Ming, Alexander, Jr., 191, 198, 199, 219, 412

Missouri Compromise, 472

Mode of Protecting Do?ncstic Industries, The (Roosevelt), 199

Manikins, The (Cooper), 375, 377

Monroe, James, 12, 20; presidency, 18, 19

Moon hoax, 232

Moore, EJy, New York labor leader, 192-193, 196-197, 199, 213, 247, 261, 308, 356, 412; opposes abolition, 425; death, 501

Morning News, O'Sullivan and Tilden establish, 427

Morris, Thomas, 208, 426, 439

Morse. Samuel F. B., 394

Morton, Marcus, Massachusetts Democratic leader, 161, 164, 170-171, 175, 231, 254, 400, 436, 473; quoted on Hal-Ictt, 174; Governor of Massachusetts, 257; on slavery, 426; Collector of Boston, 446; Free Soil advocate, 466; death, 501

Morton, Marcus, Jr., 478

Muhlenberg, Henry A., 205

National Association of Manufac-

TL'RERS, 194

National intelligencer, 38

National Reform Association, 348

National Trades' Union, 193

Nationalism, growth of, under Hamilton and Clay, 9-12

New Deal, 520

New England Artisan, 149, 156, 170

New England Association of Farmers, Mechanics and other Workingmen, 149, 151, 157, 165

New-England Magazine, Whig journal, 166, 270, 357, 371

New Era, 220-221, 232, 365, 378; popularizes phrase O.K., 298

New Hamiony Gazette, 137, 138, 181

New Haven Exaininer, 150, 169

Newspapers. See Journalists, and individual papers by name

New Views of the Constitution (Taylor), 25

New York, radicalism in, 180-189, 190-200, 231, 257-260; in depression of 1836-1837, 219-221; banks suspend specie payments, 224; struggle for separation of bank and state in, 232; the new conser\a'.ism in, 283-288; legal reform in, 351, 332

New York American, 253, 276, 324

New York Courier and Enquirer, quoted on separation of bank and state, 237

New York Evening Post, 118, 164, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 234, 250, 263, 286, 378, 398; advocates separation of bank and state, 228, 232, 236; supports Van Buren, 252; upholds Brownson, 303; on universal suffrage, 310; organ of free-trade opinion, 315; supports Free Soil cause, 467

New York Gazette, 236

New York Plebeian, 398

New York Review, 194, 302

New York Sun, 367

New York Times, 195

INDEX

New York Tribune, Greeley founds,

295 New Yorker, The, 285 Nichols, Thomas Low, 492 Niles, Hezekiah, 58; quoted on Second

Bank, 74; on state of nation, 110; on

factory conditions, 148; on changing

conditions, 210; on flour riot, 220 Niles, John M., 354, 400, 478; quoted on

independent treasury, 240; Free Soil

leader, 466; death, 501 Niles^ Register, 58 •"Nobility System," Kendall quoted on,

97 North American Review, Whig journal,

144, 145, 159, 160, 327, 371 Northampton Courier, 176 "Notes on Virginia" (Jefferson), 8 Nullification, Calhoun upholds doctrine

of, 34, 403; South Carolina attempts,

95, 96

O.K., New Era popularizes phrase, 298 Observations on the Sources and Effects of Unequal Wealth (Byllesby), 180-181 Ogle, Charles, opposes repair of White

House, 293 Oratory, parliamentary, 51-52 Oregon, boundary dispute, 441, 443 O'Sullivan, John L., 360, 369, 412; edits Democratic Review, ll\-lll, 513-514; debates with Brownson, 417-419, 420-421; establishes Morning News, 427; subsequent career, 496-497 Overton, John, 59

Owen, Robert Dale, 33, 50, 137, 181, 182, 208, 213, 261, 356, 369; supports spoils system, 46; attacks union of church and state, 138; quoted on Johnson, 140; attempts solution of labor unrest, 180; on West as refuge, 346; advocates annexation of Texas, 428

Paine, Tom, Democratic hero, 356, 358

Palmer, Elihu, 136

Paper against Gold (Cobbett), 317

Parker, Isaac, 138

Parker, Theodore, 359, 373, 453; quoted

on Emerson, 384 Paroles dim Croyant (Lamennais), 320 Parsons, Theophilus, 166 Partisan Leader, The (Tucker), 214 Paulding, James Kirke, 50, 164, 369, 370,

372; quoted on Jackson. 42; on Eve-

ning Post, 190; advocates separation of bank and state, 234, 236; Secretary of the Navy, 263; liberal journalist, 374; defends slavery, 425; death, 501

Peabody, Rev. Andrew Preston, quoted on suspension of specie payments, 224-225

Pennsylvania, radical democracy in, 201-205; new conservatism in, 289; legal reform in, 331

Penmylvania, The, 204, 205, 496

Pennsylvania Whig, 202

People's Own Book, The (Lamennais), 320

Pericles and Aspasia (Landor), 203

Philadelphia, labor movement in, 201-205, 229-230; Republicans meet at, 479

Philadelphia Argus, 496

Philadelphia National Gazette, 79, 117, 236

Phillips, S. C, 465

Philosophical Miscellanies (Ripley), 382

Pickens, Francis W., 248; quoted on Southern cotton, 244; defends South-em labor, 247; on revised subtreasury bill, 250; on capital and labor, 274; on majority government, 403

Pickering, John, 492

Pierce, Franklin, 42; presidency, 474, 475, 476, 477

Pittsburgh, Republican convention at, 478

Plaindealer, The, 111, 260

Plebeian, The, 365, 407, 427

Plummer, Franklin, defends Working-men's party, 207-208

Poe, Edgar Allan, 372; quoted on Locke, 232

Political Economy (Potter), 194

Polk, James K., 28, 52, 59, 77, 208, 434; described, 61-62; quoted on American System, 62; opposes United States Bank, 107-108; supports hard money, 115; Governor of Tennessee, 297; religious views, 355; elected President, 436-438, 439, 440-446; orders troops to Mexico, 450; disregards slavery as political issue, 452^53; on Wright, 455, 458

Poor Rich Man, and the Rich Poor Man, The (Sedgwick), 272

Potter, Alonzo, 194; quoted on laboring population, 220, 221

Powers, Hiram, 369; on Jackson, 42

Prescott, William Hickling, 254

573

Preston, William, 227

Priestcraft Umnasked, 139, 150, 169

Prime, Ward & King, 252

"Producer's Election Hymn, The," 297-298

Public and Private Econcnny (Sedgwick), 155

QuiNCY, JosiAH, 99, 138; quoted on

Jackson, 39 Quincy, Josiah, Jr., quoted on Jackson,

99

Radical, The, 348

Radical Rejormer and Working Man^s Advocate, The, 204, 317

Radicalism, in Massachusetts, 165-172, 176. 254-257; in New York, 180-189, 190-200, 257-260; in Pennsylvania, 201-205; spreads through East, 261-262

Raguet, Condy, 79, 121; quoted on Gouge's History, 118

Randolph, Edmund, advocates separation of bank and state, 227, 228

Randolph, John, 12, 26, 27, 29, 30, 33, 57, 61, 76, 115, 247; quoted on state of country, 7; on Jefferson, 20; opposes Madison, 20-21; on Taylor's Inquiry, 22; on State rights, 29; on power, 34; on Van Buren, 49; on Calhoun, 56

Rantoul, Robert, Jr., Massachusetts Democrat, 122, 172-173, 217, 436, 446, 468; advocates separation of bank and state, 234; agitates for codification of common law, 350, 331; defends unions, 339-340; expansionist, 428; Collector of Boston, 434; death, 476

Raymond, Henry J., 364

Reeve, Tapping, 52

Reform Bill, English, 320

Relief War, Kentucky, 30-32, 69, 119

Religion, in struggle for Federalism, 16-17; anticlericalism, 136-140; struggles for place in politics, 350-360

Report on a Code for Louisiana (Livingston), 332

Report on Manufactures (Hamilton), 10-11, 18

Republicans, party organized, 478

Revised Statutes of the State of New York, 331

Revision of the Statutes of Ohio, 331

Revolution of 1830, Van Buren approves, 320

Revolution of 1848, 461

Rhett, R. B., 248; quoted on capital and labor, 274; on VVest as refuge, 346

Rhode Island, constitutional difficulties in, 410-413, 415^16

Richmond Enquirer, 37

Richmond Junto, 51

Rights of Man to Property.', The (Skid-more), 184

Ripley, George, 359, 373, 383-384

Ritchie, Thomas, 37; quoted on Polk, 441; edits Washington Union, 444

Ritncr, Joseph, 205, 289

Rives, John C, 72, 393

Rives, William Cabell, 130, 213, 222, 302, 395

Roane, William H., quoted on minorities, 421

Robinson, Frederick, Democratic leader in Massachusetts, 156, 167-168, 172, 261, 468, 476; deserts Democrats, 495-496

Ronaldson, James, 79

Roosevelt, Clinton, 198-199, 438, 492

Roosevelt, Franklin, 520

Roosevelt, Theodore, 520

Rotation-in-office. See Spoils system

Round Hill School, 159

Rudd, Theron, 233

Rush, Benjamin, 202

Rush, Richard, 202

Ryckman, L. W., 364, 365

St. Lawrence Republican, 233

Saturday Evening Post, 93

Savage, Chief Justice, quoted on competition, 194, 341

Say, J. B., 315

Scarlet Letter, The (Hawthorne), 375

Science of Wealth (Walker), 502

Scott, Winfield, Whigs nominate, 474

Scoville, Joseph A., 407

Secession, 493-494

Secession (Kendall), 494

Sedgwick, Arthur G., 503

Sedgwick, Catharine Maria, quoted on Jackson, 96

Sedgwick, Theodore, champion of laboring class, 154-155, 157, 176, 185, 261, 308, 438; advocates separation of bank and state, 236; quoted on cities, 310; on Adam Smith, 315; advocates legal reform, 332; on Polk's nomination, 438

Sedgwick, Theodore, Jr.. 187-189, 412, 463, 468, 482; quoted on Jackson, 96;

INDEX

on Equal Rights party, 234; converted to Adam Smith, 315; on age of Jackson, 369; opposes annexation of Texas, 429

Sergeant, John, 86, 251, 328

Seward, William H., 397, 468, 482, 507; quoted on Van Buren, 214; Governor of New York, 259; leader of new-conservatism, 283-286, 287-288; on Wright, 454; antislavery Whig, 471; opposes Kansas-Nebraska Act, 477

Seymour, Horatio, 397

Shaw, Henry, 149

Shaw, Lemuel, 145; establishes legality of unions, 340-341, 342

Shepard, E. M., 317

Shiner, Michael, quoted on Van Buren, 266; on Jackson, 449

Short History of Paper Money and Banking in the United States, A (Gouge), 117-118

Simms, William Gilmore, 372

Simpson, John K., 147, 254

Simpson, Stephen, Philadelphia labor leader, 201-202

Six Months in a Convent, 173

Sketches of Switzerland (Cooper), 377

Skidmore, Thomas, Sr., 184

Slamm, Levi D., 198, 199, 233, 398, 407, 412

Slavery, 34, 57; becomes political issue, 190, 424-427, 428-^33, 452^54, 462-468, 469-472, 484-486, 487-493

Smith, Adam, 127, 308, 342; an inspiration to Jacksonians, 314-317

Smith, Isaac S., 199

Smith, Joseph, 439

Social Destiny of Man, The (Brisbane), 361, 365

Society for Christian Union and Progress, 254

Society of Journeymen Tailors, strike of, in New York, 194-196

"Song of the Manchester Factory Girl," 272

South Carolina, and doctrine of State rights, 34; voids tariffs of 1828 and 1832, 95

South Carolina Exposition (Calhoun), 34, 53, 95

Spartan Band, 408, 412, 508

Specie Circular, 218; agitation against, 130-131, 222-223, 224; West favors repeal of, 262

Spencer, Ambrose, 138; quoted on Jackson, 322

Spirit of the Age, The, 366

Spirit of the Pilgrims, The, 139

Spoils system, 45-47

Stanton, Edwin M., 467; Secretary of War, 494

State rights, 57; Jeffersonians uphold, 29; Calhoun upholds, 34; doctrine of, in South, 34, 244; Jackson opposes, 95-96

Statesman, The, 147

Stephens, A. H., 480

Stephens, John L., 369

Stevens, Thaddeus, leads Pennsylvania Whigs, 289

Stockbridge, Mass., center of reform enthusiasm, 315, 332

Stone, William L., 186, 378

Story, Joseph, 12, 65, 96, 144, 313; quoted on Jackson's inauguration, 6; on judiciary, 16; on state of nation, 110; on problem of government, 269; on independent treasury, 276; pillar of Supreme Court conservatism, 322-323, 326, 327; opposes codification of common law, 330, 331

Sturges V. Crowninshield, 31

Subterranean, The, 409

Subtreasury. See Independent treasury

Suffrage, 30; problem of, in Massachusetts, 343-344

Sullivan, William, quoted on failure of self-government, 267

Sumner, Charles, 61, 254, 464, 475, 493, 500; quoted on Benton, 60; on Theodore Sedgwick, Jr., 188; Free Soil leader, 466; on money and slave power, 470; opposes Kansas-Nebraska Act, 477; opposes slavery, 479; on John Van Buren, 483; opposes judicial usurpation, 485, 486

Sumner, William Graham, quoted on Gouge's History, 118; on banks and bankers, 124; on Biddle's bank, 264

Supreme Court, under Marshall, 15; a fortress of conservatism, 322-323; under Taney, 323-329; judicial supremacy attacked, 485-487

Swartwout, Samuel, 233

Syracuse, New York, Democratic convention at, 460

Taft, William Howard, 282

Tallmadge, Nathaniel P., 130, 179, 257, 395, 397; quoted on credit system, 200; leads conservative Democrats,

575

221, 233; opposes separation of bank and state, 238, 240; on subtreasury bill, 250

Tammany Hall, 191

Taney. Roger B., 77, 96, 116, 494, 518; quoted on Jackson, 40, 41, 66; on Cass and McLane, 64, 101; Attorney General, 65; on Woodbury, 65; on Barry, 66; on Bank of United States, 75, 124, 125; hard-money advocate, 89, 98, 101, 105-106, 121, 126, 526; Secretary of the Treasury, 101, 117; on Biddle,' 114; administers oath to Van Burcn, 215; Chief Justice, 323-329, 333, 415; writes Dred Scott decision, 486; on purpose of government, 516-517

Tappan, Arthur, 138

Tappan, Benjamin, 208, 356, 467

Tariff, 34; protective, 8, 11, 30, 422^23; of 1816, 19; of 1832, 95-96; wages and protective, 271; of 1846, 443

Tariff of Abominations, 34

Taylor, John, 30, 33, 34, 37, 57, 76, 115, 119, 155, 277, 422; quoted on Adamses and Madison, 20; Jeffersonian, 21-27, 29; on finance capitalism, 246; on distribution of wealth, 269; Inquiry, etc., 308-309; his theory of real and artificial property, 311

Taylor, Nathaniel W., 440

Taylor, William P., 248

Taylor, Zachary, leads troops in Mexican War, 450; Whigs nominate, 463; elected President, 468

Tecumseh, 141

Teamiseh (Emmons), 212

Tertium Quids, 20

Texas, annexation of, 428-431, 435, 438, 450

Thacher, Peter Oxenbridge, 16, 138, 146; quoted on poverty and riches, 14; opposes unions, 165-166, 340, 341; sits at Kneeland trial, 358

Theory of Legislation (Bentham), 331

Thirty Years' View (Benton), 453, 473

Thomas, Francis, 86

Thompson, Waddy, quoted on labor, 196

Thompson, William W., 149

Thoreau, Henry David, 369, 371, 372, 384; politics and opinions, 386-388; meeting with Whitman, 389-390; disapproves of expansion, 428

Tilden, Samuel J., 179, 339, 412, 462, 463, 465, 482, 502; quoted on capitalist class, 321; establishes Morning News,

427; opposes annexation of Texas,

429; Democratic nominee, 503 Timberlakc, Margaret O'Neale. See

Eaton, Margaret O'Neale Tocqueville, Alexis de, 473; quoted on

Jackson, 93; on religion and politics,

353 Toombs, Robert, 480 Towns of Manhattan, The, 380 Townscnd, Robert, Jr., 199 Transcendentalism, rise of, 360; immune

to Jacksonianism, 380-382 Trist, Nicliolas P., quoted on Jackson,

41; Secretary to Jackson, 102, 182, 236,

350 Tucker, Beverley, 214 Tuckerman, Joseph, 273 Tweed, Boss, 333, 502 Tyler, John, 12; Whig candidate for

Vice-President, 245, 248; presidency,

394-395; seeks second term, 434 Tyranny Umnasked (Taylor), 25

Union (s), 492; established in Boston, 165-167; in New York, 192-196; in Philadelphia, 204; legality of, established, 339-342. See also Labor

United States of North America as They Are, The (Brothers), 210

United States Telegraph, 6, 54, 70

Upshur, Abel P., 248

Useful Knowledge for the Producers of Wealth (Hale), 185, 317

Utica, New York, Barnburner convention at, 4<53, 464

Vale, Dr. Gilbert, 182, 198, 356 Van Buren, John, 398-399, 455, 464, 465, 503; quoted on Marcy, 190; at Herkimer convention, 461; champion of abolition, 463, 482^83; hero of Free Soil campaign, 467, 474—475; death, 501-502 Van Buren, Martin, 5, 12, 28, 53, 59, 77, 89, 96, 111, 164, 176, 217, 259, 434, 473, 475, 477, 518; Secretary of State, 6-7; quoted on Federalism in the judiciary, 15; on Jackson, 37, 39-40, 41, 43; background, career and character, 47-52; Minister to Great Britain, 55-56; opposes government aid to private corporations, 58; on Cambreleng, 63; on Kendall, 69; V^ice-President, 95, 100; on Wright, 105; supports hard money, 115, 126; supports abolition of imprisonment for debt, 135;

INDEX

power of, in New York, 177; elected President, 213-215; upholds Specie Circular, 222-223, 225-226; and fight for independent treasury, 227, 234-241; radicals support, 261; weakness of, as politician, 263-264; fails of reelection, 297-299, 304-305; on fruits of labor, 316; on Hamilton, 319; favors elective judiciary', 329; on religion in politics, 353-354; at Linden-wald, 396, 450; Jacksonians demand, for 1844, 400; majoritarian Democrats support, 406; opposes protective tariff, 423; opposes annexation of Texas, 431; loses second nomination, 435-436; on Yankees, 444; on Italian uprising, 461; writes exposition of Free Soil case, 462-463; Free Soilers nominate, 464-466; on Buchanan, 481; attacks Supreme Court, 487; opposes secession, 494; death, 501

Van Ness, Peter, 396

Vaux, Roberts, 79, 202

Verplanck, G. C, 92, 185, 186; quoted on Van Buren, 55

Voice from America to England, A (Colton), 281

Voice jrom the Grave of Jackson, A (Blair), 478

Voice of Walt Whitman, etc. (Whitman), 479

Wadsworth, James S., 460

Wainwright, Jonathan M., quoted on religion and inequality, 16-17

Wait, William S., 149; quoted on security to property, 312

Waiker, Amasa, 176, 478; radical Democrat, 174; quoted on cities, 310; leads campaign for secret ballot, 343; opposes slavery, 426; Free Soil leader, 466; renounces politics, 502

Walker, James, 146

Walker, Robert J., 116, 395, 435, 436; Secretary of the Treasury, 441, 442, 443, 445; Governor of Kansas, 484; quoted on hard-money policy, 527

Walsh, Mike, 348, 408^09, 412, 416, 428, 490-491, 508

Walsh, Robert, 93

War of 1812, 8, 18, 19, 20, 31

Ward, Samuel, 252, 253, 264

Warren, Josiah, 492

"Warrior Sage, a National Song, The," 212

Washington. D. C. in 1829. 4h5

Washington, George, 66

Washington Globe, 71, 82, 93, 101, 118, 129, 191, 232, 234, 264, 292, 441; advocates separation of bank and state, 235; supports Van Buren, 252; Polk closes, 444; "The world is too much governed," 511

Washington Union, Polk makes party organ, 444

Watkins, Tobias, 70

Watmough, J. G., 86, 111

Wayland, Francis, 414

Wealth of Nations, The (Smith), 314-315

Webb, James Watson, 187, 287, 378

Webster, Daniel, 17, 52, 53, 82, 96, 97, 120, 127, 130, 144,211,212,214,225,276, 302, 324, 327, 386, 471; quoted on Jackson, 4, 7, 38, 45, 92; on power and property, 12-13, 14; described, 83-84; upholds United States Bank, 84, 107; on Hallett, 174; in 1836 campaign, 214; as orator, 243; on Morton, 257; revises theory of power and property, 269, 270, 280; declining powers, 289, 293; argues for Bank of Augusta, 328; argues for religion in politics, 353; defends Borden, 415; advises collaboration with Democrats, 480-481; on issue power of banks, 525

Webster, Noah, 138; proposes to reconstruct society, 267-268

Weed, Thurlow, 135, 378, 507; quoted on Albany Regency, 177; leader of new conservatism, 283-285, 287, 289; on Greeley, 296

Welles, Gideon, 400, 463, 473, 474, 477, 478, 501, 509; quoted on Leggett, 232; advocates separation of bank and state, 236; moves against religious belief as qualification for testimony, 354; on Seymour, 397; advocates annexation of Texas, 428; on King, 430, 451; on Polk, 442; on Democrats and Whigs, 489; Secretary of the Navy, 494; death, 502; on suffrage in New York, 508-509

Wentworth, John, 329

West, financial troubles of, 30-32; Jack-sonianism in, 205-209; reaction of, to Specie Circular and independent treasury, 262-263; conservatism in, 283; the problem of public lands, 344-349

Wetmore, Prosper M., 233

What Is a Monopoly? (Sedgwick), 188

577

Whig Ah)ianac, 395

VVhiggcry, weakness of, 279, 282

VVhitcomb, Samuel, Jr., 149

White, Hugh Lavvson, 116, 227, 476; Whigs back, for President, 211, 215, 245

White House, repair of, opposed, 293-294

Whitman, Walt, 99, 369, 372, 438, 478; quoted on Frances Wright, 181-182; on Vale, 182; on Brisbane, 363; champion of democracy, 388-390, 509, 510 advocates annexation of Texas, 428

?uoted on American expansion, 450 ree Soil enthusiast, 452, 467; demands new social myth, 518-519

Whitman, Walter, 181

Whitney, Reuben M.. 79, 100

Whittie'r, John Grecnieaf, 372, 459, 476; ethical abolitionist, 454; supports Barnburners, 464

Wilkes, George, 409, 508

Willis, N. P., quoted on Benton, 60

Wilmot, David, radical Democrat, 450, 454, 463, 473, 477, 478; quoted on Wright, 458^59; at Herkimer convention, 460-461; Free Soil leader, 466; on slavery, 469; death, 502

Wilmot Proviso, 451-452, 456

Wilson, Henry, 292

Wilson, Woodrow, 520

Windt, John, 182, 191, 198, 219, 228, 348, 407, 492

Winslow, Rev. Hubbard, 146; quoted on inequality, 17

Winthrop, Robert C, 481

Wirt, William, 94

Wise, Henry A., 248, 302, 395, 480; quoted on Jackson, 39; on Kendall, 70, 73; opposes United States Bank, 107; attacks subtreasury bill, 250

Wolf, George, 111, 205

Wood, A. H., 168, 170; quoted on cap-

ital and labor, 166-167; on Van Buren, 236; on rich and poor, 312

Wood. Fernando, 406, 508

Woodbury, Levi, 6, 90, 98, 127, 435; Secretary of the Navy, 64-65; opposes United States Bank, 101; Secretary of the Treasury, 117; quoted on inflation, 129; opposes separation of bank and state, 228; denounces Brownson, 303; on Boston Quarterly, 373; Justice of Supreme Court, 415; death, 474

"Word to Southern Democrats, A," 470

Working Marfs Advocate, 138, 140, 182, 286; awakens East to land issue, 347-348

Working Man's Manual, The (Simpson), 201-202

Workingmen's party, 149-151, 157, 193, 201; Plummer defends, 207-208. See also Labor

Wright, Frances, social reformer, 5, 33, 50, 137, 181-183, 184, 259, 261, 321, 356, 369, 425; quoted on mail question, 138; campaigns for Van Buren, 213; upholds hard-money policy, 230; on independent treasury, 241; editor of Investigator

Wright, Silas, 52, 100, 130, 178, 180, 200, 218, 392, 393, 397, 398, 434, 453; Senator from New York, 104-105; quoted on specie order, 221; advocates separation of bank and state, 233, 234, 250, 265; on Clay, 396; opposes annexation of Texas, 430; declines nomination for Vice-President, 437; Governor of New York, 438, 454-456; declines cabinet post, 444; death, 457-460

Young, Samuel, 179, 286, 315, 398 Young America, 348