Aloe barbadensis, Indian aloe, the “first aid plant”
Sanskrit: Kumari Hindi: Kumari, Gawarpaltra
FAMILY: Liliaceae
Believed to be a gift from the goddess Venus, aloe vera has been used as a cure-all for conditions ranging from the healing of wounds to the proper digestion of food.
Description
A perennial, succulent plant that grows low to the ground with narrow, tapering, thorn-edged, fleshy leaves that contain a gelatinous juice. The color of the leaves varies from gray to dark green, with some varieties featuring light green leaves with horizontal markings. Leaves grow to between 1–2 feet (30–60 cm) long and are arranged in a circular fashion around a fibrous root. The plant produces tube-shaped flowers that are yellow, red or purple. The plant grows easily in most areas of India and other parts of the world.
Historical or mythological background
Known as the “Plant of Immortality” by the ancient Egyptians and the “Universal Panacea” by the ancient Greeks, the aloe vera plant has been used internally as a digestive aid and externally for burns as well as a soothing lotion for the skin. The Sanskrit name “Kumari” means “virgin girl,” which alludes to the regenerative power of aloe vera with respect to the female reproductive system. Its ability to survive in tropical and difficult conditions with little water has led to metaphysical connotations of aloe bringing success in the face of adversity.
Modern uses
If taken internally, aloe juice cleanses the blood, liver and reproductive system. This cleansing action is particularly effective for relieving pitta conditions such as rashes, acne, liver disorders, menopausal flashes and painful periods. Externally, aloe vera is also effective for vaginal herpes, burns, actinic keratoses/keratoacanthomas (sunspots), fungal infections and eczema. Applied to the nails, it acts as an effective nail-biting deterrent.
Available forms
Aloe juice is widely available from health food stores. Avoid juices preserved with ascorbic or citric acid as they are heating, and thus counter aloe's cooling effect. Gel and cream for external use can be obtained easily, but avoid those with lanolin, as it is also heating. Capsules of concentrated powder are also sold at health food stores. Follow the recommended dose, as excessive quantities may cause cramps and diarrhea. An aloe-based Ayurvedic wine—called Kumaryasavan—is used for female reproductive imbalances and liver conditions.
Home remedies
For wounds, apply ½ tsp aloe gel with ½ tsp comfrey cream, 
tsp ghee and tsp turmeric. For sensitive or deep burns, fill an atomizer with:
• 50 ml warm water, 2 tsp pure aloe vera gel and ⅓ tsp turmeric;
• Shake well, then add 1 tsp pure honey;
• Cool in fridge before spraying on the affected area twice daily.
If you suffer from inflamed eyelids, apply a mixture of ½ tsp aloe gel and tsp rose water.
Caution: externally, aloe vera juice can cause allergic dermatitis in those with very sensitive skin.
Kumari expels toxins, and is a cold, bitter, sweet tonic with nourishing and rejuvenative properties. It strengthens vision, enhances fertility, eliminates poisons and balances vata.
—Bhava Prakasha Samhita [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Ferula asafetida, Hing, “Devil's dung,” “Food of the Gods'
Sanskrit: Hingu Hindi: Hing
FAMILY: Umbelliferae
Used in Indian cooking over 2,500 years ago, asafetida is renowned for its ability to alleviate nervous disorders and gastric irritation when used in small doses.
Description
A perennial plant with a large, fleshy root covered with coarse fibers, from which grows a central thick stem with many small branches. The dense branches sport pale yellow flowers, and the plant bears fruit of a reddish-brown color. The stem, which is covered with a black bark, is cut just before flowering. The cut exudes a thick, milky, pungent-smelling resin that is collected when the sap has hardened, then dried and powdered. Only a mature plant, one that has grown to between 5–9 ft (1.8–3 m) high, is cut. Asafetida grows best in stony, dry soil in high altitudes, such as are found in Afghanistan, Kashmir, Iran, Tibet and the Punjab.
Historical or mythological background
Believed to have first grown from the semen of a god of fertility, the herb has long been associated with increasing sexual libido. Asafetida has been used in Indian cooking since ancient times and has also been planted in gardens as an insect deterrent. Because asafetida contains a volatile oil containing sulphur, the powder has also been used in magical ceremonies to banish negative energies in the shape of demons and other evil spirits.
Modern uses
Asafetida is one of Ayurveda's primary remedies to combat excess vata. It breaks down toxins and promotes their elimination through its diuretic and laxative action. The powdered resin is a powerful remedy for flatulent colic, asthma, painful periods and arthritis. For centuries, it has been used in mild cases of epilepsy, hysteria and a range of psychological imbalances. A pinch of asafetida added to beans and potatoes neutralizes their gassy effect. The lightly roasted powder, combined with warm sesame oil, can be gently massaged into a baby's stomach to rapidly relieve colic.
Available forms
The most powerful form of asafetida is the pure resin sold in Indian and Asian grocery stores. This needs to be grated or boiled for use. The second best option is the powder, which is often sold in regular supermarkets and Asian stores. This is sometimes mixed with wheat and turmeric, and is therefore unsuitable for those with a wheat sensitivity.
Home remedies
For gas, abdominal distension, period pain and poor appetite, mix 1 tsp each powdered ginger, cumin, black cumin, long pepper, asafetida, ajwan and rock salt. Take ¾ tsp of this mixture in cup warm water or buttermilk after meals three times a day. To relieve infant colic, roast ⅓ tsp asafetida powder in 2 tbsp sesame oil. Allow the mixture to cool slightly and massage it on the baby's stomach in the direction of the colon (clockwise when facing the baby).
Asafetida is tasty, pungent and hot; expels worms and cures vata and kapha disorders, especially bloating, intestinal obstruction and pain. It also improves eyesight.
—Raja Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Ocimum sanctum, Sacred basil
Sanskrit: Tulasi Hindi: Tulsi
FAMILY: Latiatae
Along with the lotus, basil is one India's most sacred herbs. It is used for soothing the nerves, clearing the sinuses and strengthening feelings of compassion and courage.
Description
Holy Basil is an annual bush that grows to a height of 1–2 ft (30–60 cm). The plant features small to medium aromatic grayish-green leaves, and its flowers are lavender in color. There are two kinds of Holy Basil. One, called Sri tulsi, is the most common and is grayish-green in color; the second kind is called Krishna tulsi and is characterized by its purple leaves. The plant is grown throughout India and Europe and requires well-drained soil and a sunny and well-sheltered position.
Historical or mythological background
Holy basil is grown around Indian temples and in Hindu households. Used as a symbol of hospitality, it repels insects if hung from doorframes and windowsills. Tulasi, the Sanskrit word for “Holy Basil,” or “the incomparable one,” was Krishna's beautiful consort until she was cursed to take birth in the form of a tree. Worshipping this sacred tree and wearing neck beads made from its wood is said to bestow spiritual blessings upon the wearer.
Modern uses
Ayurvedic sages claim that by planting a holy basil tree in one's yard and consuming five leaves daily, illness is kept at bay. This herb is especially therapeutic for those with asthma, bronchitis, sinusitis, throat ailments or a sensitive respiratory system. Holy basil is also a potent blood purifier, useful for many infectious conditions, including stings, toxemia from poisonous bites and mercury poisoning from amalgam fillings. Gentle and safe, it is ideal for children at the onset of fevers, earaches, sore throats and stomachaches. Applied topically, the leaf juice is very soothing for bites, stings, boils, acne and ringworm.
Available forms
Though common basil is readily available, holy basil is generally sold only by Ayurvedic clinics or Indian grocery stores. The unadulterated leaves and buds can be made into a tea or crushed into juice. To enjoy holy basil's full advantages, grow one in the northeast area of your garden.
Home remedies
In Gandhi's ashram, holy basil tea was served with ginger. This is an appealing substitute for those wanting to give up caffeinated tea. Miraculous results can be achieved in relieving acne, tinea, bites, stings and ringworm if pure holy basil juice is smeared over the affected area. Place the leaves in a juice blender with a little pure water to make a juice. For coughs, colds and sinus problems, try the following recipe: in a mortar and pestle, grind 10 holy basil leaves with 3 black peppercorns. Place this in 2 cups boiling water, add 1 tsp grated ginger, and simmer uncovered until reduced by half. Strain, allowing the mixture to cool for a few minutes before stirring in 1 tsp honey. Take one cup of this tea three to four times a day.
Holy basil is pungent, bitter, hot and fragrant; balances kapha and vata; cures worms, microbial infections and anorexia.
—Raja Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Bacopa monnieri, Thyme-leaved gratiola, Water hyssop, Indian pennywort
Sanskrit: Brahmi, Sarasvati Hindi: Barama-manduki
FAMILY: Scrophulariaceae
With a name meaning divine creative energy, Brahmi is used to stimulate the brain and improve a person's memory and ability to learn. It helps relieve stress, and is also an excellent hair tonic.
Description
Brahmi is a creeping plant that spreads on the ground in marshy areas, forming into mats. The herb has dark-green succulent leaves that are rounded, relatively thick, and spatulate or wedge-shaped. The leaves are connected to the stem by light-green succulent branches. Its flowers are small and either blue or whitish in color. Brahmi grows in the Himalayas near fresh or brackish water or marshy areas.
Historical or mythological background
The herb's connection with learning and clarity of purpose is well established. Its Sanskrit name, “Saraswati,” refers to the goddess Saraswati, the epitome of Supreme Wisdom and Learning. In Hinduism, Lord Brahma is the creator of the universe. Since the plant helps the mind to focus, yogis and meditators take brahmi to enhance their spiritual focus.
Modern uses
Brahmi is Ayurveda's top brain rejuvenator. Recent research has established its efficacy in restoring memory, improving concentration and repairing the brain's neural pathways. As such, brahmi is an invaluable herb for brain injuries, Alzheimer's disease, strokes, nervous breakdowns, epilepsy and mental fatigue. Whereas many mental stimulants produce hyperactivity, brahmi is relaxing. It also increases one's resilience to stress and trauma. Brahmi hair oil has been used for millennia as an effective remedy for insomnia, psoriasis, fever and hair loss. Though not its primary use, brahmi is also combined with other herbs to help relieve rheumatism and asthma.
Available forms
Many traditional Ayurvedic brahmi preparations are in a ghee medium, which helps it to cross the brain–blood barrier. One of these preparations is called Brahmi ghritham. Brahmi tablets or fluid extracts are available from health food stores, the internet and through direct marketing companies. Pure brahmi powder is sold at Ayurvedic clinics.
Home remedies
To improve your concentration and to prevent gray hair, you can make a simplified version of the traditional oil—Brahmi thailam—at home by heating 200 ml sesame oil with 100 ml coconut oil, and adding to it ½ cup fresh whole brahmi plant, 1 tbsp ground fresh gooseberries, 1 tbsp licorice root and a 25 gram (1 oz) piece of sandalwood (this can be replaced by 10 drops of pure sandalwood essential oil, which can be added at the end). Bring everything to a boil, then simmer for 20–30 minutes. Strain and cool before storing in a dark glass bottle. Apply this slightly warmed oil to the scalp, leaving on for 30 minutes daily.
Caution: If you have high blood pressure, only take brahmi under medical supervision.
Brahmi is bitter in taste, pungent in post digestion and lubricating. It is life enhancing, cures respiratory conditions, kapha and mental imbalances. Brahmi slows ageing, improving the memory, voice and metabolism.
—Sodhala Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Elettaria cardamomum, Cardamom seeds
Sanskrit: Ela Hindi: Elachi
FAMILY: Ginger
An excellent digestive aid, cardamom is useful for asthma and other respiratory conditions, as well as helping the mind and heart to experience joy and clarity.
Description
Cardamom is a perennial plant that grows as an upright stem supporting leaves and flowers or fruit. The narrow, tapering leaves are two-toned, being dark green, with a smooth texture on the upper side and light green underneath. The flowers are small and yellow, and the plant has an oval-shaped fruit pod containing the seeds of the cardamom. The plant is grown successfully in southern India and in other areas of India, as well as in Guatemala, Tanzania, Sri Lanka and Burma. It is best grown in soil that is loamy (a rich, dark soil), and in a warm, humid climate.
Historical or mythological background
In Ayurvedic medicine, cardamom has been used since the 4th century BC, especially as a digestive and as an aid to alleviate the symptoms of obesity. There are two types of Indian cardamom—Malabar cardamom and Mysore cardamom. In India, cardamom was also renowned for its ability to give clarity and a sense of joy to the user. Ancient Arabs used the herb as an aphrodisiac, and the Greeks and Romans used cardamom as a perfume. The ancient Egyptians chewed the seeds to help keep their teeth clean.
Modern uses
As cardamom bestows a sweet voice and breath, the seeds are often added to desserts or chewed after a meal. Those with a vata or kapha imbalance find the spice particularly beneficial for coughs, colds and asthma, as it clears the passages of mucus congestion. Cardamom also reduces the gassy indigestion to which vata types are prone. For loss of appetite and indigestion, cardamom seeds are often given with ginger. Recent research indicates that cardamom has the unique action of detoxifying the body of caffeine and codeine.
Available forms
Cardamom pods, powder or seeds are readily available from supermarkets, greengrocers and spice shops. The pods are best when a little green and can be gently crushed before use as an infusion or as an addition to rice or vegetable dishes. The seeds are more potent when freshly crushed in a mortar and pestle or spice grinder. Since the resulting powder is very concentrated, only small quantities are required, about tsp per person, depending on the dish.
Cardamom is pungent, cold, light and balances vata and kapha. It is excellent for treating respiratory and kidney conditions.
—Bhava Prakasha Samhita [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Home remedies
An excellent combination with cardamom for mucous flus, colds, coughs and indigestion is called Thaalesapathraadi churnam.
For a homemade version, mix together:
• 2 tsp black pepper powder;
• 3 tsp ginger powder;
• 3½ tsp long pepper powder;
• ½ tsp cardamom powder;
• ½ tsp cinnamon powder; and
• ½ tsp ground palm sugar.
Take ½ tsp mixed powder with 1 tsp honey in ¼ cup warm water three to four times daily until the symptoms subside.
Add a pinch of cardamom and black pepper to yogurt, cheese or warm milk to reduce the mucus buildup that may result from eating or drinking dairy products.
Cinnamomum cassia, “Blume', Ceylon cinnamon, True cinnamon
Sanskrit: Tvak Hindi: Dalchini, Darucini
FAMILY: Lauraceae
A sweet, aromatic spice, cinnamon is used for both culinary and medicinal purposes. It stimulates digestion and energizes the circulation, heart and kidneys.
Description
True cinnamon is the dried inner bark of the laurel tree, while common cinnamon is often from the cassia tree. The laurel tree is a tropical evergreen that grows up to 56 ft (17 m) high. It has ovate leaves that are two-toned—dark green on top and light green underneath. The tree has small white or yellow flowers that bear purple berries. The bark is smooth and yellowish in color, and is rolled, pressed and dried to make cinnamon sticks. If from the cassia tree, the sticks or quills are light brown to tan in color; the sticks from the laurel tree are much lighter in color and finer in quality. Cinnamon is native to Sri Lanka and southern India.
Historical or mythological background
Cinnamon has been used as a medicine since ancient times. The Egyptians imported cinnamon in huge quantities for a variety of reasons, including the flavoring of beverages and for their embalming processes, as cinnamon also acts as a preservative. In Roman times, the Emperor Nero burned a huge supply of cinnamon at his wife's funeral to signify his deep sense of loss at her death. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the spice inspired a number of explorations and, after the invasion of Sri Lanka by Portugal, the King of Sri Lanka was forced to give a large amount of cinnamon as a tribute to the Portuguese.
Modern uses
The wonderful warming quality of cinnamon stimulates the circulation and heats chilled lungs and kidneys. Cinnamon essential oil is often combined with clove oil to act as a painkiller and antiseptic when applied directly to toothaches. Cinnamon sticks are an essential ingredient in Indian chai tea, which soothes sore throats, coughs and colds. Cinnamon also stimulates the appetite while easing nausea and vomiting. Ayurvedic remedies for gas, hiccups and backache often include cinnamon.
Available forms
Cinnamon bark can be purchased in the form of sticks or powder. The sticks can be placed in a blender to obtain the strongest ground cinnamon. Cinnamon essential oil is also available from health food stores. A powerful remedy with cinnamon for respiratory conditions, Elatwagadi churnam is available from Ayurvedic clinics.
Home remedies
For a lovely warming tea at the onset of a cold, flu or cough, try the following recipe. Mix 2 cups of boiling water with the following ingredients:
• 2 cinnamon sticks;
• 2 cloves;
• 2 black peppercorns;
• 8 thin slices of ginger root (or 1 tsp grated ginger);
• 2 cardamom pods (slightly bruised); and
• 5 holy basil leaves.
Simmer the mixture, partially covered, for 10 minutes. Strain and add 1 tsp honey or palm sugar. Drink one cup three times a day.
Caution: If you are suffering from hemorrhaging, do not use cinnamon, as its heating properties can aggravate bleeding.
Cinnamon is sweet, bitter and decreases vata and pitta. It is a cooling and fragrant reproductive tonic that improves the complexion.
—Bhava Prakasha Samhita [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Syzygium aromaticum
Sanskrit: Lavangam Hindi: Lavanga
FAMILY: Myrtaceae
Cloves are renowned for their ability to ease respiratory ailments, aid low blood pressure, and alleviate impotence. Cloves help stop vomiting and will soothe the pain of toothache.
Description
Cloves are the dried, unopened flower buds of a tropical evergreen myrtle tree that grows best near the sea. The myrtaceous tree grows to 15–45 ft (5–14 m) and has elliptical leaves, gray bark, small, reddish-yellow flowers and purple fruit. The clove itself resembles a nail with a small head and a tapered shaft. It is thought that the name “clove” came from the Latin word for nail, “clavus.” The tree grows in Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Brazil and Malaysia. Cloves were originally native to Indonesia.
Historical or mythological background
In ancient China, cloves were mentioned in documents dating back to 400 BC, and were used as a form of breath freshener by courtiers preparing to meet the Emperor. In Indonesia, the tree that produced cloves was considered sacred, and for each child born into the community, a tree was planted. It was believed that the fate of the child and the tree were intertwined, the tree symbolizing the child's development and state of health. Cloves were also used in love potions, and to enhance a person's psychic visions.
Modern uses
Traditionally employed as a respiratory and digestive tonic, cloves are valued in Ayurveda for their ability to cleanse toxins and mucus from the body. As an effective expectorant for coughs and colds, cloves can be taken as an infusion, or the essential oil can be used in an inhalation. When the infection involves an increase in heat, rock sugar is combined with cloves to provide a cooling counterbalance. Cloves' stimulating quality is used to improve cases of low blood pressure and low libido.
Clove flowers improve immunity, are cold in potency and cure pitta-related disorders. The auspicious clove improves eyesight, heals poisons and diseases of the head.
—Dhanwantari Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Available forms
Health food stores sell clove essential oil for inhalation. Clove powder or whole clove is available from supermarkets or spice stores. One can find a fluid extract of clove from herbalists or selected health food stores. Twageladi churnam is a clove-rich traditional powder for respiratory and digestive problems available from most Ayurvedic clinics.
Home remedies
Wet a cotton ball in warm water and soak in 2 drops clove essential oil and 3 drops garlic oil. Place this on a toothache or tooth abscess to reduce pain and infection. Make a great gargle for sore throats by adding to 3 cups warm water the following ingredients:
• 5 drops tea tree oil;
• 3 drops clove oil;
• a pinch of turmeric powder;
• ¾ tsp–1 tsp rock salt or sea salt;
• 10 ml red sage tincture (optional); and
• 2 tbsps glycerin.
Mix all the ingredients well and gargle this twice daily until your symptoms subside.
Coriandrum sativum, Coriander seeds, Cilantro
Sanskrit: Dhanyak Hindi: Dhania
FAMILY: Umbelliferae
Coriander is an excellent tonic, aiding the digestion and easing the symptoms of respiratory problems such as allergies, sore throats and hay fever.
Description
Coriander is an annual plant that grows 1–2 ft (30–60 cm) high and has round, light-green stems. The leaves are light green, the root is white, spindly and slightly hairy, and the flowers are white with a reddish hue. The seeds, which are globular in shape and range from yellow to red to brown in color, are used for medicinal purposes. The plant grows in America, Morocco and Romania, and is common throughout India.
Historical or mythological background
Coriander has been known for many thousands of years, since at least 5000 BC. One of the earliest recordings of coriander was from Sanskrit writings dated at around 1500 BC. It is even mentioned in the Bible (Exodus 16:31), in which “manna” is described as “white like Coriander Seed.” Coriander has also been used as a protective herb—hung inside the house to protect it from negative energies and to attract harmony and peace. When grown in the garden, coriander is believed to protect the gardener and his or her family from harm.
Modern uses
Coriander is a favorite spice in Ayurvedic cooking, as it brings all three body types into balance. Both the seeds and the leaves are very cooling and cleansing. The leaf juice is rich in natural vitamin C and bioflavonoids, which strengthen the capillaries and blood vessels. This can be applied to the treatment of allergies, hay fever, rashes, varicose veins, piles and hemorrhaging. An infusion of the seeds eases eye disorders such as conjunctivitis and redness. Coriander's diuretic action helps to heal urinary tract infections and gout by clearing bacteria and nitrogenous waste from the kidneys and bladder. Seeds added to bean and vegetable dishes aid digestion and reduce gas. They also help to combat coughs, pharyngitis and sore throats.
Available forms
For the freshest coriander leaves, grow them in your garden or choose the greenest bunch from your local greengrocer or supermarket. Coriander seeds are stocked at most spice or grocery stores. Though ground coriander is readily available, it is much stronger when freshly ground with a spice or coffee grinder at home. A renowned Ayurvedic remedy for fever called shadanga kashayam contains coriander.
Home remedies
Coriander leaves contain natural antihistamines useful for combating allergic eye conditions such as hay fever. Try juicing 1 cup fresh coriander leaves with ⅓ cup warm water, and drinking it on an empty stomach morning and evening to improve your digestion. To reduce nausea, gas and morning sickness, partially crush 4 tsp coriander seeds and combine with 2 tsp grated ginger. Boil this mixture in 4 cups water until it is reduced to 2 cups. Strain and drink one cup in the morning and afternoon.
Coriander is warming, pungent, sweet, fragrant and diuretic but doesn't increase pitta. Perfect as a culinary herb, it adds a flavor burst to every meal. It tones the vocal cords and cures burning sensations and thirst.
—Madanadi Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Cumin cyminum,
Sanskrit: Jiraka Hindi: Jira
FAMILY: Umbelliferae
Cumin is one of the ancient spices. It has been used as a tonic and for digestive, anti-inflammatory and stimulant purposes.
Description
Cumin is an annual herb that grows to about 1 ft (30 cm). It has blue-green leaves, white or reddish-purple flowers and aromatic fruits that are grayish in color. These fruits turn pale green when dried, and are elliptical in shape, with deep ridges. The plant is native to the Levant, Upper Egypt and the Mediterranean. Although cumin is capable of adapting to a range of climates, it thrives best in warm, moist climates and in well-drained, sandy soil. The plant is cultivated in India, particularly in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
Historical or mythological background
Known since ancient times, cumin seeds were found in the Old Kingdom pyramids. Cumin was prized during the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans for its medicinal properties and its cosmetic application for those seeking a pale complexion. The Roman scholar, Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus, 23–79AD), believed that ingestion of the spice would produce a studious scholar. Cumin was also used for good luck amulets, and a pinch of the spice each day was thought to encourage an active sex life.
Modern uses
Cumin shares similar healing properties with fennel and coriander. The seeds are included in almost every Ayurvedic meal, as they boost digestion and counter the gaseous effect of beans and potatoes. Cumin is often given with asafetida to reduce menstrual cramps and abdominal colic. Black cumin is the preferred variety for these conditions. Combined with fennel seeds, it is used to increase breast milk in nursing mothers. Cumin is also traditionally taken for diarrhea.
Available forms
Black and brown cumin seeds are sold at most Asian grocery stores and supermarkets. The powder can be ground at home from the seeds for the freshest flavor. Ayurvedic physicians often prescribe a warming wine—called jirakarishtam—as a uterine and digestive tonic.
All three types of cumin are dry, pungent, warm, digestive and light. They increase pitta, improve absorption and memory and cleanse the female reproductive system. Cumin is an antipyretic, digestive, carminative, fertility tonic and appetizer. It reduces kapha and vata, bloating, stomachaches, vomiting and diarrhea and strengthens the sight.
—Bhava Prakasha Samhita [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Home remedies
Cooking with cumin is the easiest way to enjoy it's stomachic properties with every meal. Add ⅓ tsp powder or ½ tsp roasted seeds per serving to each dish. To overcome gassy indigestion or to perk up your appetite, mix the following ingredients together:
• 1 tsp cumin seeds;
• 1 tsp fennel seeds;
• ¼ tsp ground ginger; and
• tsp rock salt.
This mixture can be made into a tea by infusing it in hot water for 10 minutes and straining, or by simply chewing ½ tsp of it 15 minutes before a meal. To relieve sinusitis, mix an equal quantity of ground holy basil, black pepper, black cumin seeds and turmeric. Take ⅓ tsp two hours after breakfast and dinner with ¼ cup warm water.
Foeniculum vulgaris, Fennel seeds
Sanskrit: Shatapushpa Hindi: Saumph
FAMILY: Llmbelliferae
Fennel is an excellent antispasmodic herb, helpful for easing cramps and nausea. It also helps increase a weak appetite and relieves the buildup of mucus in the body.
Description
Fennel is a perennial plant that grows up to 4–5 ft (1.2–1.8 m). The stout stem grows from a carrot-shaped root. The plant has slim, pointed, feathery leaves and small, yellow flowers and elliptical fruits that are brown with a hint of yellow or green. The dried fruits are called seeds. The plant is native to the Mediterranean and is cultivated throughout India and in Egypt, the south of France and Russia. It thrives best in limestone soils situated in a dry and sunny place, but it also grows well in ordinary soil.
Historical or mythological background
In ancient times, fennel was believed to restore eyesight. Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus, 23–79AD) observed that snakes ate fennel when they were casting off their skins so as to restore their eyesight. This is reflected in the use, by Western practitioners, of fennel as an eye bath for eyestrain. The plant was considered a herb of protection for the house, and if gathered at midsummer's eve, a bunch was hung over every opening to the house. Fennel is also used for culinary purposes. It is best combined with cumin and coriander to produce a mixture of spices excellent for poor digestion without overstimulating the system.
Modern uses
Fennel is hailed as one of Ayurveda's best female tonics. It promotes menstruation and breast milk while reducing menstrual cramps and premenstrual sugar cravings. Fennel is also a male aphrodisiac, increasing semen production. The seeds are chewed after meals to encourage digestion. Breastfeeding mothers can safely take an infusion of the seeds to pacify their babies' colic.
Fennel is a digestive, a taste enhancer and a mild laxative as well as being good for eliminating worms. The fruits are good for cough, vomiting, nausea and the disorders of kapha and vata.
—Madana Pala Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Available forms
One of the easiest ways to take fennel is in tea form, available from health food stores. The seeds and powder are also a tasty addition to many dishes, and are sold widely at most grocery stores or delicatessens. If you plant fennel bulbs in your garden, they are generally very hardy and fast-growing.
Home remedies
A cooling drink suitable to drink during the summer months and to alleviate pitta ailments, such as stomach ulcers, can be made by combining equal parts fennel seeds, mint leaves, lime, and cane sugar (sucanat) with a dash of rose water and a pinch of sandalwood powder. Serve in 10 parts cool purified water or coconut water. To reduce sugar cravings, particularly those that occur premenstrually, take a cup of fennel tea three times a day.
Caution: Fennel should only be taken under medical supervision during pregnancy, as it can stimulate uterine contractions.
Boswellia serrata
Sanskrit: Sallaki Hindi: Salai
FAMILY: Burseraceae
Frankincense has a calming effect and helps pacify fear and anxiety. It has also been used for pain relief and strengthening the nervous system.
Description
Indian frankincense is the resin that exudes from a deciduous tree with pale bark and small, white or pale rose-colored flowers. The color of the resin varies from golden to dark brown. The tree grows throughout central and northern India. These trees also grow in the south of Saudi Arabia and along the coastline of Somalia, where the trees grow without soil, clinging onto marble rocks. To collect the resin, the tree is cut and the resin is scraped from the cut when it has dried.
Historical or mythological background
Frankincense has been used since ancient times, becoming a popular ingredient for incense for religious ceremonies. In the New Testament, it was one of the three gifts given to the infant Jesus. In Egypt, frankincense was one of the ingredients thrown onto a brazier warming a room; the kohl used by Egyptian women to highlight their eyelids was at one time made from charred frankincense. In China, frankincense was used to treat leprosy; the Romans also used the resin as incense. In the Middle Ages, frankincense was recommended for tumors, ulcers, vomiting, and fever. When used as an essential oil, frankincense is believed to be capable of removing negative energy and fears.
Modern uses
Ayurveda prescribes Indian frankincense extensively to treat autoimmune inflammatory conditions. These conditions include notoriously stubborn diseases such as ulcerative colitis, arthritis, psoriasis, and irritable bowel syndrome. Indian and German studies have concluded that Indian frankincense gives significant improvement in cases of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and chronic juvenile arthritis. Indian frankincense resin contains painkilling acids that also ease the discomfort of musculoskeletal disorders. As a gargle, it helps reduce inflammation in sore throats, including tonsillitis. The antitumor and cholesterol-lowering activity of Indian frankincense has been helpful with skin tumors.
Available forms
Tablets and the fluid extracts of Indian frankincense (also known as Boswellia) are sold by most herbalists and health food stores. The concentrated resin is used in Ayurvedic dispensaries but is rarely taken alone. For specialty Ayurvedic combinations, contact your local Ayurvedic physician or distributor.
Home remedies
Indian frankincense has been shown to have very low toxicity, making it a relatively safe herb with which to experiment. Make the following juice to help reduce the pain and swelling of arthritis. Combine the following ingredients and drink them with one cup of water once a day on an empty stomach:
• a crushed tablet of 1.5 grams Indian frankincense resin;
• 2 cups fresh celery;
• a 2-inch (5 cm) slice of peeled ginger; and
• 1 gram Indian myrrh (guggulu).
Indian frankincense is bitter, sweet and astringent in taste; a powerful substance that improves absorption; alleviates blood disorders; balances vata and kapha; and cures dermatitis, hemorrhoids, ulcers and many painful conditions.
—Kayyadeva Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Allium sativum, Clove garlic, Poor man's treacle
Sanskrit: Rasona Hindi: Salai
FAMILY: Liliaceae
Garlic is an excellent cleanser of the blood and the nerves and has even been thought to ward off the “Evil Eye.”
Description
The root of a perennial herb, garlic grows in a bulb that consists of a number of cloves, each covered with a papery, white skin. Additional layers of skin also form an outer covering for a number of cloves, holding them together into a bulb. A round stem rises from the center of the bulb, which is encased with leaf sheaths. The stem ends in a spike within which grow small, white flowers that are tinged with purple. The plant is native to central Asia and flourishes best when it is in a sunny location and planted in rich, moist, sandy soil.
Historical or mythological background
Garlic has a very long history of use for both culinary and medicinal purposes. It is believed that its use dates back more than 5,000 years. A wide range of civilizations, from the Greeks and Romans to the Vikings and the Egyptians, have recorded using garlic. In Egypt, about 2600 BC, garlic was given to the workers who were building the Great Pyramid at Giza because the herb was considered to be excellent for strengthening and for warding off disease. Garlic has also had a reputation for being able to ward off the “Evil Eye.”
Modern uses
Garlic's powerful antibiotic action makes it an irreplaceable panacea in Ayurveda's apothecary. Known as an immune stimulant (rasayana), its sulphurous compounds are preventative against infections such as earaches, coughs, pneumonia, colds and septic wounds. Garlic reduces cholesterol, which in turn reduces the risk of heart attacks and strokes. It also lowers blood pressure and reduces blood clotting. Garlic has versatile uses in digestive disorders, as it increases the appetite as well as liquefying and expelling toxins.
Available forms
Fresh garlic cloves are generally more potent than deodorized garlic, as much of garlic's medicinal properties are contained in its odor. However, naturally aged garlic can be odorless while still retaining its therapeutic value. Concentrated garlic oil, tablets and fluid extracts are available from most supermarkets and are always stocked in health food stores.
Home remedies
The early stages of earaches and infections can be treated with garlic and onion oil. Warm 1 tbsp olive oil in a pan over a low flame and add to it 2 garlic cloves and 1 tsp chopped onion that have been crushed in a garlic press. Heat on a low flame for 5 minutes, then take off the stove to settle for 5 minutes. Strain the mixture, and use 2 ml of the resulting oil in the affected ear twice daily.
Caution: garlic should be taken with caution in pitta conditions, especially with bleeding and rashes, and during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
When a demon called Rahu stole the nectar from the gods, a few drops dropped onto earth, transforming into garlic. Hence Yogis don't eat garlic, because it came from a demon. However Ayurveda considers it to be the supreme rejuvenator.
—Ashtanga Hrdayam [An ancient book on Ayurvedic healing]
Zingiber officinale, African ginger
Sanskrit: Sunthi Hindi: Adarak
FAMILY: Zingiberaceae
As a digestive, ginger eases abdominal cramping, nausea and vomiting, and, as an expectorant, it is extremely useful in combating colds.
Description
Ginger is the root of a perennial plant from which a green, reed-like stalk grows to 2–3 ft (60–90 cm) high. From the stalk, long, thin, pointed leaves grow. The stalk ends with a spike from which emerge yellow flowers or white ones with purple tinges. The root is thick and light brown in color. Inside, the root is fibrous, juicy and yellow. Ginger was first grown in Asia and thrives in tropical climates. It is cultivated in the West Indies, Jamaica and India.
Historical or mythological background
The use of ginger has been known for many centuries, the plant featuring in the medical literature of the ancient Greeks, Romans and Arabs. The Chinese and Indians first cultivated ginger. The word “ginger” came from a Sanskrit word “sringivera,” meaning “shaped like a horn.” The yogis believed that ginger enhanced mental clarity; as it left a fresh scent in the mouth, it was very popular among the yogis, as it did not offend the gods. The state of the ginger plant growing in a garden was believed to be symbolic of the state of the gardener's health.
Modern uses
Ginger's diverse repertoire of uses has earned it the title of vishwabesaj or “universal medicine.” Both Ayurvedic and Chinese herbalists use it in over 80 percent of their formulas, aiding the distribution and assimilation of the accompanying herbs. Chewing on raw ginger root or drinking a strong infusion often alleviates nausea due to morning sickness or motion sickness. Internally, it is an effective remedy for colds, flu, cough, and poor circulation. Combined with black pepper and long pepper, it is a favorite Ayurvedic compound called trikatu, useful for flatulence and poor digestion. Its addition as a culinary herb in most Asian dishes promotes digestion by stimulating digestive secretions. Externally, a ginger poultice is soothing for arthritis, lumbago, kidney pain and sciatica.
Ginger balances diseases related to kapha and vata. It also cures blockages of various kinds, bloating, pains and infertility. It is a pungent, hot appetizer also good for improving immunity.
—Raja Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Available forms
Fresh ginger and dried ginger have very similar effects, but fresh ginger is a little more pungent and drying in the body than dried ginger. Plentiful at most grocery stores, fresh ginger is more palatable with the skin removed.
Home remedies
Manage the trials of travel sickness by chewing a slice of ginger root every hour, or sip a strong cup of ginger root tea during the journey. To improve circulation, a tea of cinnamon, pepper and ginger is excellent. Combine 2 cinnamon sticks with 5 thin slices ginger and one peppercorn in 2 cups water. Boil down to 1½ cups. Strain the mixture and let it cool. Drink it twice daily, an hour before meals.
Ribes grossularia, Emblica officinalis
Sanskrit: Amalaki Hindi: Amla
FAMILY: Grossulariaceae
Indian gooseberry is a useful tonic, very high in Vitamin C content, and is famous for its sedative qualities.
Description
Indian gooseberry is a tropical deciduous tree that grows up to 3–4 ft (1–1.2 m) high. It has feathery leaves and smooth, grayish-green bark with globular, fleshy fruits. The fruits, which are a berry, are sour in taste and contain a number of small seeds at the center. There are over 200 varieties of gooseberry. The European gooseberry grows in central and northern Europe. The Indian gooseberry is found in deciduous forests that grow up to an altitude of 4,500 ft (1,500 m). Gooseberry also grows in Nepal, Morocco and America.
Historical or mythological background
Indian gooseberry has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for over 5,000 years, featuring in such medicinal preparations as triphala (a rejuvenative/laxative) and chyavanaprasham (a tonic to promote mental and physical well-being). These trees are also the dwelling place for a number of deities in south Indian villages, including Shiva, Subrahmanya and Vishnu. Indian gooseberry is believed to calm mothers who are angry with their children, and to help children feel nurtured if they have been deprived of their mothers.
Modern uses
Gooseberry's nurturing and curative reputation has earned it the title of “the nurse.” It balances all three doshas, but is especially helpful for pitta disorders, which include hemorrhaging, anemia, gastritis, premature graying, urinary tract infections, acidity and intermittent fevers. As each fruit contains about 3,000 mg of vitamin C, gooseberry is Ayurveda's principal antioxidant and immune stimulant. Gooseberry's cleansing action is used to strengthen the eyes, colon and teeth. It also helps to regulate blood sugar levels by optimizing liver, pancreas and spleen function.
Gooseberries are the safest for healing and balancing all aggravated doshas.
—Rajavallabha Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Available forms
Gooseberry's astringent properties are most potent when taken as a raw fruit or in powder form. The pure tablets and powder are available at some health food stores, herbalists and Ayurvedic outlets. The shiny green fruits are rarely available outside Asia, but you may occasionally find the fresh fruit at some Chinese and Indian grocery stores. Preparations with a high proportion of gooseberry, such as triphala and chyavanaprasham, are commonly sold at Indian grocery stores.
Home remedies
Triphala, or the “three fruits,” a formula made with equal quantities of gooseberries, haritaki (Terminalia chebula) and vibhitaki (Terminalia belerica), is one of Ayurveda's best digestive and immune tonics. Gooseberry, by balancing the body's organs and systems, is useful for innumerable conditions. Taking 1½ tsp before bed ensures a complete cleansing bowel movement the following morning. For eye disorders, ranging from glaucoma to irritation and redness, triphala eyewash generally offers noticeable relief. Place 1 heaped tsp triphala powder in hot water and cover overnight. In the morning, strain the mixture through a thin cloth and use the remaining liquid as an eyebath.
Glycyrrhiza glabra, Licorice root, Sweet licorice, Sweetwood
Sanskrit: Yastimadhu Hindi: Jetimad
FAMILY: Leguminosae
Licorice is one of the best herbs for treating respiratory ailments. It is useful as an expectorant and is soothing for sore throats.
Description
Licorice is a perennial shrub with a stem that grows up to 2–5 ft (0.6–1.6 m) tall. The plant has narrow, long, dark-green leaves, yellowish-white or purple flowers, small, oblong pods and a brown legume fruit. The root and lower underground stems, which are left unpeeled and then dried, are the only parts of the plant used medicinally. Licorice is native to southern Europe, Asia and the Mediterranean and is cultivated in India, in the Punjab and the sub-Himalayan tracts. Licorice is also cultivated in Russia, Spain and Iran. It grows best in a dry, warm climate, thriving in sandy, rich soil.
History or mythological background
Licorice has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for many centuries, particularly for the treatment of upper respiratory ailments. The Egyptians first recorded using licorice in the 3rd century BC and, in the 1st century AD, Greek physician Dioscorides named the plant Glycyrrhiza from the Greek “glukos” meaning “sweet” and “riza” meaning “a root.” In India, licorice is known as yastimadhu, a combination of yasti, meaning stick, and madhu, meaning sweet. In China, the herb is also very popular, used for the treatment of the spleen, liver and kidney.
Modern uses
The sweet, soothing effect of licorice makes it a popular addition to many Ayurvedic respiratory and digestive tonics. Commonly given for respiratory tract disorders, licorice eases the symptoms of laryngitis, asthma, bronchitis, colds, mouth ulcers and flu. As a digestive, it reduces acidity, heals gastric ulcers and acts as a mild laxative. A unique action is its ability to increase the production of anti-inflammatory hydrocortisone, which eases joint aches, asthma and skin conditions such as eczema. It also tonifies the adrenals, hastening recovery from stress or steroid use.
Licorice is sweet, cold, moist and heavy; improves the complexion and voice; is a tonic for the hair and fertility as well as being generally nourishing. It balances vata, pitta and kapha; healing wounds, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, edema and ulcers.
—Kayyadeva Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Available forms
Bad news for licorice addicts—confectionery licorice rarely contains one iota of the real stuff. However, laxative licorice pellets are sold at select health food stores and some pharmacies. Licorice powder and pure licorice root is stocked by Chinese and Ayurvedic herbalists. Fluid extracts, tea bags and tincture of licorice can be obtained from most health food stores or herbalists.
Home remedies
Licorice gives rapid relief at the initial signs of a sore throat. A tea can be made with 1 tsp each of licorice root, raw wild cherry bark, dry red sage, golden seal powder, ginger powder and ¼ tsp trikatu. Add to 3 cups boiling water, then simmer down to 2 cups. Stir in some honey if desired. Strain and drink 2 cups three times a day.
Caution: Pregnant women and people suffering from high blood pressure or water retention should use licorice cautiously because it increases sodium retention.
Nelumbo nucifera, Sacred lotus, Indian lotus, Chinese water lily
Sanskrit: Padma, Kamala, Pushkara, Shatapatra Hindi: Kamal
FAMILY: Nymphaeceae
The most sacred plant of India, the lotus is an important ingredient for rejuvenating the mind, body and spirit. It is also a useful digestive, aphrodisiac and tonic.
Description
The lotus is an aquatic herb with large, circular, leathery leaves measuring about 20 inches (50 cm) in diameter. The overall height of the plant is 3–6 ft (1–2 m). The leaves and large, fragrant, white or pink flowers with a yellow center float on the water. Slender, elongated roots reach down into, and fan out through, the mud of the pond. The flowers are solitary and the plant has many-seeded ovoid fruits. The lotus grows in shallow ponds and marshland throughout India up to an altitude of 5,400 ft (1,800 m).
Historical or mythological background
The lotus is the national flower of India, and in Indian mythology, it is sacred to the goddess of prosperity, Lakshmi. Lakshmi, the wife of Lord Vishnu, epitomizing female beauty, is often depicted sitting on a lotus. The Lord of Creation, Brahma, is also associated with the lotus. He is usually shown being born on a lotus sprouting from Lord Vishnu's navel. The lotus root and seeds have been used for devotional practices as the plant is believed to improve the mind's ability to focus and to encourage the development of a person's spirituality. The lotus is considered a metaphor for the soul, rooted in the mud of the material world but transcending limitations to rise toward the spiritual sky.
Modern uses
Ayurveda uses all parts of the lotus for different regions of the body. Since the seeds are high in protein, they encourage hormonal harmony. They are used as an aphrodisiac, for chronic diarrhea, for high blood pressure and fevers. The lotus roots increase sperm production, arrest bleeding and assist respiratory conditions such as pharyngitis. Lotus flowers are considered a tonic for the heart, liver and skin, particularly when aggravated pitta is involved. The leaves reduce fever, dizziness and headaches.
Available forms
Lotus leaves, stamens and petals are generally sold only by Chinese or Ayurvedic herbalists. However, the seeds, which contain much of the lotus's medicinal properties, are found at Asian grocery stores. In Chinese, they are known as Lian zi. These can be ground into powder for the most effective absorption.
Lotus is cooling, promoting sweat, and cures diseases of kapha and pitta, such as burning sensations and inflammatory skin conditions.
6+Bhavaprakasha Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Home remedies
For women suffering from infertility, mix 1 tsp each of lotus root powder and shatavari powder with ¼ cup aloe vera juice and ½ cup warm water. Drink this mixture twice a day on an empty stomach. As a reproductive tonic to boost sperm count and libido, combine in one cup of warm almond milk one hour before bed:
• 3 grams lotus seed powder;
• 3 grams lotus root powder;
• 5 grams Indian ginseng;
• 2 grams American ginseng; and
• honey to taste (optional).
Althaea officinalis, Sweet weed, Schloss tea, Althea
FAMILY: Malvaceae
Used since ancient times, marshmallow is an excellent tonic and is soothing for both internal and external inflammations.
Description
Marshmallow is a sprawling, perennial and annual plant that grows about 3–4 ft (1–1.2 m) high. Its root is long, cream-colored, tapering and fibrous. The plant has a furry stem with large pointed and heart-shaped leaves covered with a velvety down. The plant also has pale pink flowers, which are followed by fruits (historically called “cheese” because of their resemblance to small rounds of flattened cheese). The plant grows mostly wild, usually in marshes, but is easily cultivated when planted in well-drained soil.
Historical or mythological background
The Romans used marshmallow as a general tonic; Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus, 23–79AD) believed that marshmallow could cure all the diseases of man. Early Ayurvedic physicians extolled its virtues as an anti-inflammatory, both for the respiratory and digestive tracts. Marshmallow's family name, Malvaceae, comes from the Greek malake, “to soften,” which refers to its ability to soften hardened mucus.
Modern uses
Marshmallow's Greek name is “altho,” meaning to heal. This herb is especially soothing to the mucous membranes of the digestive, respiratory and urinary tracts. It calms inflammatory disorders such as urinary tract infections, ulcers, laryngitis and bronchitis. In these conditions, it is often combined with bala (Sida rhombifolia) and slippery elm, a bark that has similar properties to marshmallow. Externally, combined with antiseptic herbs, it makes an excellent poultice for chronic ulcers, boils and infected wounds.
Available Forms
Dried marshmallow is sold at health food stores, and can be boiled into a decoction or infusion, or made into a poultice. The fluid extract and ointment are also available from health food stores, but avoid the ones made with petroleum-based emulsions, as this interferes with marshmallow's soothing and healing effects.
Home remedies
To restore an inflamed respiratory or digestive tract, the following marshmallow-based tea is a time-tested remedy. Combine the following ingredients and boil them in 4 cups water until the liquid is reduced to 3 cups:
• 10 grams marshmallow herb;
• 3 grams licorice root powder;
• 10 grams bala powder; and
• a pinch of ginger powder.
Strain the tea and stir in 1 tsp slippery elm powder. Drink one cup three times daily. To make a poultice for ulcers, boils or wounds, combine equal quantities of marshmallow leaves, comfrey, golden seal powder and slippery elm powder. Add enough water to make a thick paste. Apply the poultice to the affected area, covering it with a lightly steamed or bruised cabbage leaf and a cloth soaked in warm water. Keep the cloth warm by dipping in warm water as required. Continue this procedure for 20–30 minutes. If there is a severe infection, mix some neem powder or turmeric powder into the poultice. After removing the poultice, spray the area with a very diluted solution of neem seed extract, tea tree oil and turmeric water.
Commiphora mukul
Sanskrit: Gugguluh Hindi: Guggul
FAMILY: Burseraceae
Indian myrrh has been used for centuries as an ingredient in incense and perfumes and is an excellent tonic with astringent and healing qualities.
Description
Myrrh is a gum resin collected from the stem of a bush that grows up to 9 ft (3 m) in height. The bush features small, oval leaves, and grows in the rocky regions of Rajasthan as well as in Gujarat, Assam and Bangladesh. A pale-yellow gum is secreted from ducts in the bark surrounding the stem. When the gum has hardened into an opaque, deep brown–red color, the resin is collected. The resin is usually quite brittle, with a powdery surface.
Historical or mythological background
Myrrh has been an important part of ancient practices in Muslim, Jewish and Christian religions. The ancient Egyptians used myrrh in their embalming and fumigating procedures. The resin was used for thousands of years in Middle Eastern medicine to heal cuts and wounds and to alleviate the symptoms of bronchitis. In Ayurvedic medicine, myrrh was used for its astringent qualities and formed the base for toothpowder and mouthwash. The resin was introduced to the Chinese and the Tibetans in the 7th century AD.
Modern uses
Indian myrrh is Ayurveda's primary weight-loss and cholesterol-lowering herb. Recent studies reveal that it stimulates thyroid function. This in turn lowers cholesterol and raises the metabolism, facilitating weight loss. Its anti-inflammatory and painkilling action makes it a favorite remedy for arthritic and rheumatic conditions. Since Indian myrrh is also an excellent blood purifier, it is used to overcome many toxic states such as liver disease, menstrual disorders, diabetes and skin imbalances. It can also be used as a nerve tonic and painkiller.
Available forms
When looking for Indian myrrh (also known as guggul), be careful not to buy common myrrh instead. All Ayurvedic outlets sell Indian myrrh or guggulu tablets, powder, decoctions and jams, as it is a staple herb for any dispensary. Combinations such as mahayoggaraja guggul tablets for arthritis or kaishora guggulu tablets for urinary-tract problems may target your specific needs more effectively than plain guggulu.
Home remedies
For the pain of arthritis or inflammatory nerve conditions such as sciatica, warm 1 tbsp castor oil on a low heat and add ½ tsp Indian myrrh powder plus ⅓ tsp ginger powder. Stir well and take it off the heat after a few minutes. Massage gently into the affected region. Leave this on for at least one hour and at most eight hours. For high cholesterol or obesity, take ⅓ tsp Indian myrrh powder with ½ tsp triphala powder twice a day on an empty stomach.
Guggulu is fragrant, light, subtle, intense, hot and pungent. A tonic for the heart, it improves the flow in all channels. Fresh guggulu is a tonic and improves fertility. Old guggulu is a strong anti-lipid substance. Guggulu balances kapha and vata with its intense and hot qualities, cures pitta and toxins with its moistness and improves the metabolic fire with its penetrative nature.
Sushruta Samhita [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Azadirachta indica
Sanskrit: Nimba, Prabhadrah Hindi: Neem
English: Neem tree
FAMILY: Meliaceae
Neem is renowned for its protective qualities, both spiritually and medically. A powerful detoxifier, neem is particularly effective for cleansing the blood, which aids skin ailments.
Description
Neem is a tropical evergreen tree that grows to a height of 45–60 ft (15–20 m). The tree has brown to dark-gray bark and small flowers that grow in clusters. The flowers are white or cream in color. It is a lush-looking tree with pinnate leaves; its roots bury deep into the soil. Its fruit, which is greenish-yellow in color when ripe, contains one seed that is elliptical and oily. Neem is native to India, growing in most soil types up to an elevation of 5,400 ft (1,800 m). It is cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and semiarid areas in Africa, South East Asia, the Caribbean, Fiji and Australia.
Historical or mythological background
The Sanskrit name for neem, “nimba,” is derived from the phrase “nimbati swastyamdadati', which means “to give good health.” Neem has been used in Ayurvedic medicine since ancient times, when it was called “sarva roga nivarini” (the cure of all ills). The sacred quality of the neem tree is derived from a number of Indian myths, including the legend of Indra, the king of heaven, who spilled a drop of amrita (the nectar of immortality) onto a neem tree, imbuing it with magical healing powers. It is believed that if three neem trees are planted in the garden, the owner of the garden will be protected from going to hell.
Modern uses
Neem is a powerful blood purifier. It aids in the treatment of skin problems such as eczema, psoriasis, acne, ringworm and boils, and is also used as a preventative against infections such as malaria, measles, chickenpox and hepatitis. It is also an effective insect repellant. Ayurvedic practitioners claim that a few neem leaves a day will keep the worms away. By boosting liver, spleen and pancreas function, neem is a tonic for liver diseases and diabetes.
Neem is bitter, cold, light and reduces kapha, blood and pitta related disorders. It cures dermatitis, pruritus and usage. It has the power to digest toxins and eliminate diseased tissues.
—Dhanwantari Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Available forms
For external use, neem soap, shampoo, nit wash, cleanser, acne gel and seed-oil extract are available through shops, markets or the Internet. Ayurvedic clinics and suppliers sell neem powder, tablets and decoctions. Growing a hardy neem tree in your yard helps to keep insects away, nourishes the soil and provides easy access to its healing leaves. For the adventurous, the frayed end of a neem twig is a traditional toothbrush.
Home remedies
Neem is one of Ayurveda's strongest anti-fungal herbs. To treat tinea, ringworm or any fungal skin condition, apply pure neem-seed oil to the affected area twice daily. This can be combined with ¼ tsp concentrated tea tree oil and tsp turmeric powder for stubborn conditions. To purify the blood and colon of bacteria, fungus or parasites, take 1 tsp neem leaf powder in ¼ cup warm water 1 hour before meals twice daily.
Piper longum, Indian long pepper
Sanskrit: Pippali Hindi: Pipli
FAMILY: Piperaceae
Indian long pepper is an excellent tonic for the lungs and helps cleanse mucus from the respiratory and digestive tracts. It is also an aphrodisiac that strengthens the reproductive organs.
Description
Indian long pepper is a slender climber with heart-shaped leaves. Solitary, cylindrical spikes flower opposite the leaves. The spikes are covered with ovoid fruits or berries that turn red when ripe. The unripe spikes are dried and used medicinally. The plant is grown in the central Himalayas, Assam and the forests of the western Ghats. The Indian long pepper is closely related to black pepper. Black pepper is native to southwestern India and is cultivated in China and Indonesia.
Historical or mythological background
Pepper has been used for both culinary and medicinal purposes for over 4,000 years. Long pepper was used well before black pepper became popular. However, in Ayurvedic medicine, black and long pepper are combined to make trikatu, which has powerful rejuvenative and digestive qualities. In China, pepper is used to treat digestive and liver disorders; it was believed that chewing the whole corn would increase physical stamina.
Modern uses
Long pepper is a warming digestive herb often combined with ginger and black pepper to create a treasured Ayurvedic digestive called trikatu. Most suited to excess vata conditions, long pepper increases the appetite, stimulates digestive enzymes, reduces gas and liquefies intestinal toxins. It is often taken with other herbs, as it facilitates their optimal absorption and distribution in the body. For respiratory problems, long pepper expels and dries up mucus and dilates the bronchial passages, providing relief for such conditions as asthma, bronchitis, colds and laryngitis. Long pepper's ability to flush toxins from the joints and reduce pain is utilized in the treatment of arthritis, rheumatism, sciatica and gout. Because of its intensely pungent nature, long pepper should be used with caution in high pitta states.
Available forms
Long pepper is rarely given alone, but is generally prescribed in a combination either to buffer its extremely pungent nature or to aid its circulation throughout the body. The powdered combination called trikatu for respiratory and digestive conditions contains equal parts of black pepper, ginger and long pepper and is available from select health food stores and Ayurvedic herbal outlets. A traditional wine—called pippaliasavam—is a powerful digestive boost after meals.
Home remedies
To make your own trikatu, combine equal parts of powdered dried ginger, long pepper and black pepper. To treat colds, coughs or sore throats, take ⅓ tsp in honey and cup water three times a day after or between meals. For indigestion, loss of appetite or gas, combine ⅓ tsp trikatu with l½ tsp warm water half an hour before meals.
Long pepper is anti-inflammatory, a fertility tonic, moist, warm, pungent and bitter. It is digestive and cures vata, kapha, dyspnea, cough and depletion.
—Raja Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Punica granatum
Sanskrit: Dadima Hindi: Anar
FAMILY: Punicaceae
Pomegranate is a useful digestive that has been associated with fertility and fruitfulness since ancient times.
Description
The pomegranate is the fruit of a deciduous tree that grows to 12–16 ft (4–5 m). The tree has a bark-covered trunk that is red–brown to dark gray in color. It also has leathery, long, narrow leaves, scarlet or white flowers, and round or globular fruits that are often rich red in color. The pomegranate fruit has a leathery skin that breaks open easily when ripe to reveal an interior that is separated into compartments by membranous walls and white rind. Each compartment has a seed surrounded by sacs of juicy reddish pulp. The plant is native to the area between Iran and the Himalayas in north India. It is widely cultivated throughout India and in the drier parts of South East Asia, the East Indies and Africa.
Historical or mythological background
Pomegranate has been cultivated since ancient times. Ayurvedic practitioners have used its roots, seeds and fruits as an astringent, as a digestive, and as a purgative to expel worms. It has been associated with fertility and fruitfulness. The ancient Greeks believed that the number of seeds that tumble out of a pomegranate thrown on the ground is an indication of how many children the person who has thrown the fruit will have. The fruit is also a symbol of abundance and has been incorporated into royal emblems or badges, such as the one for Catherine of Aragon and the decoration of King Solomon's Temple.
Moist, warm Pomegranate improves immunity and balances vata without agitating kapha and pitta.
Dhanwantari Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Modern uses
Apart from being a refreshing fruit, pomegranate has potent tonic and purifying properties. The fruit juice is a popular drink in India, especially during summer, as it cools the body while increasing red blood cell production and lowering acidity. The juice's astringent action helps alleviate the symptoms of diarrhea, indigestion, biliousness and bleeding disorders. The seeds and rind help to kill and expel worms, especially tapeworms, as well as healing colitis and ulcers. They are also used as a tonic for the heart, spleen and liver. Pomegranate's bark is also renowned for strengthening the gums.
Available forms
Powders, tablets, ghees and decoctions are all sold through Ayurvedic and some Chinese outlets. To enjoy the fresh fruit, look for it in large fruit and vegetable stores.
Home remedies
To boost your iron levels and to cleanse the colon, try a cup of fresh pomegranate juice with 1 tsp lime juice on an empty stomach first thing in the morning. Dadimashtaka churna is an Ayurvedic powder compound that combats diarrhea and dysentery. Combine the following ingredients:
• 1 tsp ajwan seed powder;
• 1 tsp ground cumin;
• 1 tsp coriander powder;
• 1 tsp trikatu;
• 8 tsp ground pomegranate rind; and
• 8 tsp palm sugar.
After stirring well, take ¾ tsp twice a day between meals with buttermilk, rice water or warm water.
Santalum album, Sandal tree, white-sandal tree
Sanskrit: Chandana Hindi: Safed candan, Santal
FAMILY: Piperaceae
Sandalwood beans exude an aromatic oil that helps reduce fevers and inflammations and can be applied externally to ease infectious skin diseases.
Description
Sandalwood refers to both the wood and the oil taken from the sandal tree. The tree is an evergreen that grows to 54 ft (18 m) in height. Its branches droop from a trunk covered in bark. The bark is dark gray or brown–black, the leaves are oval, the flowers are purple and the fruits are globular and dark purple in color. The wood is very aromatic, straight-grained and, when first cut from the trunk of the tree, is white or yellow–brown in color. When dry, the wood turns dark brown with a reddish tinge. The tree grows primarily in India, preferring the dry regions of Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Kerala.
Historical or mythological background
Because of its cooling and calming qualities, sandalwood has been used in meditation practices. When applied to the third eye, which is the point in the middle of the forehead, it is believed that the feelings of heat or fever will abate. Burning oil or incense containing sandalwood is also believed to enhance the intelligence and sense of devotion experienced by a person practicing meditation. Combined with the mud of the Ganges River, the resulting sandalwood and mud paste is used to create tilak—religious markings on the body to designate it as the temple of the soul.
Modern uses
The wood and volatile oil of sandalwood is a virtual panacea for extreme pitta ailments, such as sunstroke. As a strong antibacterial, antiviral and antiseptic agent, it helps to combat urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, herpes zoster and skin infections. Eyedrops containing sandalwood reduce burning, stinging and inflamed eyes. The cooling powder can also relieve fevers and thirst.
Available forms
Since sandalwood is a protected species, its export is restricted. This means it can be difficult to get pure sandalwood powder outside of Asia. The best place to look for it is at Hindu temples, Indian shops and Ayurvedic clinics. However, pure sandalwood incense is the next best thing to the pure powder.
All types of sandalwoods are bitter and pungent in taste. Extremely cold in potency, they improve fertility and tone the heart. They are fragrant and cure blood and pitta related diseases such as bleeding conditions.
—Bhava Prakasha Samhita [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Home remedies
A simple and highly effective beauty mask used in India for centuries has sandalwood powder as its base. Mix together the following ingredients:
• 12 parts fine chickpea flour;
• 3 parts sandalwood powder;
• 2 parts neem leaf powder; and
• 1 part turmeric powder.
Take 1 tbsp of this combination and add enough water to make a thick cream. Apply to problem areas, leaving it on for 10 minutes. Clean off with a cold washcloth and follow with a rose-water toner. For a lovely cooling drink in summer, a pinch of sandalwood powder can be added to 1 cup pure water with 2 tsp finely chopped fresh mint leaves.
Hemidesmus indicus
Sanskrit: Anantamula, Sariba Hindi: Anantumul, Magrabu
FAMILY: Asclepiadaceae
Indian sarsaparilla is a tonic, expectorant and aphrodisiac. It is renowned for clearing inflammation from the genito-urinary tract.
Description
Indian sarsaparilla is a slender plant with woody stems that climb or trail on the ground. Its vines grow from a tuberous, long-shaped root covered with dark brown bark that is cracked and contains fissures. The leaves range in shape from ovate to long and thin, and its small flowers are greenish-yellow on the outside and purple on the inside. Indian sarsaparilla grows throughout India, some of the Indonesian islands and Sri Lanka. An American sarsaparilla (Smilax officinalis) grows in the tropical areas of Central and South America.
Historical or mythological background
Sarsaparilla has been used as a medicine since ancient times, being regarded as an excellent protector of the liver. It has also been successfully employed in Ayurvedic medicine in the treatment of venereal diseases, such as syphilis. The ancient Chinese also valued sarsaparilla to treat syphilis. Smilax officinalis, the American sarsaparilla (a popular soft drink in the United States for many decades), was also used by the Native Americans as a tonic.
Modern uses
The roots of Indian sarsaparilla are prized for their curative powers in male reproductive disorders. Syphilis, herpes and genital sores are some of the conditions effectively treated with sarsaparilla. Impotence and seminal weakness are reduced with support from sarsaparilla's aphrodisiac effect. It is also applied externally and taken internally for skin conditions such as leprosy and psoriasis and is a traditional remedy for conjunctivitis. As a nervine tonic, it is given for neuralgia, epilepsy and psychiatric disturbances.
Indian sarsaparilla balances blood, vata and pitta; cures vomiting, pyrexia and bleeding disorders along with improving absorption.
—Raja Vallabha Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Available forms
Indian sarsaparilla dried root and whole herb is generally available from Chinese and Ayurvedic herb suppliers. Classical Ayurvedic combinations containing Indian sarsaparilla are usually labeled by their Sanskrit name—sariba. A famous traditional formulation is the herbal wine Saribadyasava, a blood purifier for rheumatism and syphilis. A fortifying sarsaparilla drink made in a syrupy palm-sugar base called sharbath is available in India.
Home remedies
A traditional Ayurvedic blood-purifying remedy especially useful in alleviating conditions of internal bleeding, piles, rashes or excessive pitta conditions is known as sonithamrutham kashayam. It contains equal parts of haritaki powder, Indian sarsaparilla root and neem-bark powder. Combine ⅓ cup of each of these three herbs to make one cup. Add this to 16 cups water. Boil for 1 minute, then simmer uncovered until the liquid is reduced to 4 cups. Strain well and drink 1 cup three times a day 30 minutes before meals.
Cassia angustifolia, East Indian senna, “King of the Trees,” Tinnevelly senna
Sanskrit: Aragwadha Hindi: Sanay
FAMILY: Caesalpiniaceae
Cassia angustifolia has, along with other varieties of senna, powerful purgative qualities that are especially useful for constipation experienced after a bout of fever.
Description
Cassia angustifolia is an annual plant with a pale green stem and long, spreading branches. The green leaflets are feathery, and the plant has small, yellow flowers. It also has oblong pods that grow about 2 in (5 cm) long and contain about six seeds. The leaves and the pods are used for medicinal purposes. About 530 species of senna thrive in temperate and tropical areas. Cassia angustifolia is cultivated in southern India.
Senna cures constipation, indigestion and disorders of the liver and spleen such as anemia, hepatitis and various forms of typhoid. It balances vata and kapha.
Ayurveda Vijnana [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Historical or mythological background
Senna has been used for many centuries as a laxative. In the 9th century AD, upon the command of the caliph of Baghdad, two famous Arabian physicians found a safe laxative. They preferred the senna pods to the leaves; the ancient Greeks also used the pods. Senna was cultivated in England in the second half of the 17th century.
Modern uses
One of the safest herbal laxatives, senna helps to expel toxins, heat and acidity from the body. Senna also purifies the liver and spleen in conditions such as jaundice, spleen enlargement and fever. Pitta-predominant skin conditions, including leprosy and eczema, are commonly treated with senna in Ayurveda. Pure senna powder is virtually tasteless and can be taken with warm water before bed for constipation. Traditionally, senna is also used to rid the body of worms and to reduce flatulence. To reduce the griping that senna can cause, it can be mixed with asafetida and ginger.
Available forms
Senna powder, the most effective form of laxative, is obtainable from health food stores and herbal dispensaries. Its taste is quite bland, and since its effect is drying, it must be taken with plenty of warm water. Senna tea bags and tablets are also sold in health food stores and selected pharmacies.
Home remedies
To use senna as a laxative, take 1 heaped tsp in 1 cup ginger tea. You can replace the tea with warm water, but the ginger reduces the senna's possible cramping effect. Alternatively, you can take a senna tea bag in a cup of hot water. To boost the digestive cleansing effect, senna is given with equal parts of triphala before bed. Taking this after a fast helps to regulate the bowels again while flushing out deeper toxins.
Asparagus racemosus, Women's treasure, Sparrowgrass
Sanskrit: Shatavari Hindi: Shatavar, Satamuli
FAMILY: Liliaceae
Shatavari is renowned as an excellent rejuvenative tonic for women and as a brain tonic that prevents fatigue.
Description
Shatavari is a climbing plant with many branches, a tuberous root, small leaves, white flowers and berries that are dark purple when ripe. The roots are about 12–36 in (30–100 cm) in length. The roots are used for medicinal purposes. The plant is grown and cultivated throughout India, growing well up to 4,200 ft (1,400 m) above sea level.
Historical or mythological background
Known as “a woman with a hundred husbands,” shatavari (a form of asparagus) has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine as a fertility tonic for women. The herb was renowned for increasing sexual libido and for treating impotence and frigidity. In China, wild asparagus root (Asparagus lucidus) would be chewed to help alleviate symptoms of infertility. The Chinese believed that the root was capable of promoting compassion and an openness to feeling truly loved.
Modern uses
As the reigning queen of female reproductive tonics, shatavari is also known as “having the strength to satisfy 100 husbands.” A strongly alkalizing and demulcent herb, shatavari is very soothing for acidic or inflamed mucous membranes that accompany sore throats, urinary tract infections, ulcers, bronchitis and kidney infections. Shatavari's ability to increase milk, semen and ovum production is indicative of its hormone-promoting capacity. As such, it is Ayurveda's primary fertility tonic. Shatavari's pitta-balancing effect can be applied to treat menopausal hot flashes and vaginal dryness. Research suggests it may play a future role in the treatment of serious disorders, including malignant tumors, lung abscesses and tuberculosis.
Available forms
Shatavari is often prescribed in the form of a powder, ghee or jam. The plant is hardy and easy to grow in warm climates. Traditional Ayurvedic formulations include shatavari gulam, a female reproductive jam, and shatavari mandura, a combination of shatavari and dairy products for painful periods and infant colic.
Home remedies
To enhance the function of the female reproductive system, especially in the treatment of menstrual irregularity and infertility or to regularize the reproductive system after a miscarriage, take 1 tsp shatavari powder in a cup of warm, unhomogenized milk before bed. For irritable bowel syndrome, combine: 1 part shatavari powder, 2 parts arrowroot powder plus 2 parts musta (nut grass) powder. Take ¾ tsp of this compound in ½ cup warm water three times daily between meals.
Shatavari is cooling, bitter and sweet in taste. It is excellent in healing disorders of the blood and for balancing vata and pitta conditions. One of the best tonics for female fertility and a powerful rejuvenator, it improves the memory and brain function.
—Dhanwantari Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Curcuma longa
Sanskrit: Haridra Hindi: Haldi
FAMILY: Zingiberaceae
Turmeric is a natural antibiotic and an excellent stimulant for the metabolism. It is also a digestive and a blood purifier.
Description
Turmeric is a perennial plant that has tuberous, oblong roots, long, narrow root leaves, and yellow flowers that grow on top of the long central stem rising from the root. The pulpy root, which is yellow on the outside and orange–red on the inside, is used for medicinal purposes. The root, measuring up to 2 ft (60 cm) long, has also been used for dyeing food and fabric since ancient times, as it can function as a cheap substitute for saffron. In medieval Europe, turmeric was known as Indian saffron. Turmeric is grown throughout India and Southern Asia and cultivated in China and Java.
Historical or mythological background
In India, turmeric is symbolic of the Divine Mother and is believed to be able to attract prosperity. It has been used as an effective rich yellow dye. Brides are ritually bathed with turmeric before marriage to purify their body and to give their skin a glowing hue. Turmeric aids the practitioners of yoga by helping the flexibility of the ligaments and by clearing psychic blockages along the chakras. Yoga philosophy teaches that the body has seven chakras or energy centers situated vertically up the body, close to the position of the spine.
Modern uses
Turmeric is an antiseptic, antioxidant and antibiotic herb that every kitchen should stock. Sprinkled into almost every Indian curry and bean dish, its blood-purifying and bile-stimulating properties assist the digestive organs to assimilate food without forming toxic byproducts. It specifically boosts liver and pancreatic function, which is relevant to the treatment of diabetes, hepatitis, liver tumors and jaundice. Turmeric can also be applied to wounds, ulcers, boils, pimples or bites to prevent infection and to accelerate healing.
Available forms
The strongest form of turmeric is the fresh root, which can be grated and added to food or made into an infusion. This can be found in Indian and Asian grocery stores. The next best option is the powder, which can be purchased from most grocery stores and taken with plenty of warm water. Be careful when preparing turmeric, as it will stain anything it touches.
Home remedies
Turmeric combines well with neem and aloe vera to purify the blood and liver, particularly in conditions of pitta excess, such as after eating highly spiced and heated foods. Combine ½ tsp ground turmeric, ½ tsp neem leaf powder, 20 ml aloe vera juice. Mix the above combination well, consuming it twice daily, at mid-morning and before bed. Turmeric's natural antiseptic properties also make it an effective gargle. Add to 1 cup boiled water, ½ tsp sea or rock salt, ½ tsp turmeric and 3 drops tea tree essential oil. Gargle for a few minutes three to four times a day.
Turmeric balances kapha and pitta; cures dermatitis, anemia, edema, copious urination and ulcers.
—Raja Vallabha Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Withania somnifera
Sanskrit: Ashwagandha Hindi: Asgandh, Punir
FAMILY: Solanaceae
Winter cherry is a tonic, stimulant and aphrodisiac. It is renowned for helping alleviate insomnia and nervous tension.
Description
Indian ginseng is a perennial evergreen plant that grows from a fleshy, tapered root. The shrub grows to 4–5 ft (1.2–1.5 m) high. It has medium-sized ovate leaves, green or yellow flowers and globular, orange berries. The root is covered with a light-brown thin bark. Inside the root, the juicy fibers are white. Indian ginseng grows wild in dry wasteland and is also cultivated for medicinal purposes. Panax schin-seng, or Chinese ginseng, is also used in Ayurvedic medicine. This type of ginseng is native to eastern Asia and is cultivated in Korea and Japan.
Historical or mythological background
Winter cherry, used in India for at least 5,000 years, was also known to Greek physicians such as Theophrastus. Winter cherry is also referred to as “Indian ginseng” because its properties were similar to the ginseng used in Chinese medicine. Chinese-cultivated ginseng has been used medicinally in China and Tibet since 3000 BC. In China, the roots were called Jin-chen, meaning like a man, referring to the shape of the root. Both Chinese ginseng and winter cherry can be combined to create a tonic to enhance rejuvenation for the patient.
Modern uses
Winter cherry is a fortifying remedy to counter modern stresses by strengthening the adrenals, which are usually depleted by stress. This accelerates recovery from nervous exhaustion and general fatigue. Winter cherry lowers blood pressure and sedates the nervous system. This is useful for hyperactive but debilitated people. The Sanskrit name for winter cherry, ashwagandha, literally means to be “as strong as a stallion,” referring to its powerful aphrodisiac properties. Used to slow the aging process, it reduces graying and serum cholesterol, as well as stimulating memory regeneration.
Available forms
Winter cherry is available in many forms. In India and some Asian countries, it is prescribed in various traditional combinations, including an invigorating herbal wine called ashwagandharishtam and a fortifying jam known as ashwagandadhi lehyam. In Western countries, it is available as a raw herb, fluid extract, tablets, powder or tincture from herbalists and selected health food stores.
Ashwagandha is pungent, bitter and warm in potency. It tones, cures vata diseases such as cough, dyspnea, depletion and chronic ulcers.
—Raja Nighantu [An ancient Ayurvedic text]
Home remedies
For a dynamic energy boost, mix equal parts Indian ginseng, Siberian ginseng, licorice root and brahmi with four times the amount of water. Bring to a boil, simmer for 10 minutes covered and leave to steep until cool enough to drink. One cup of this in the morning will keep your mind and body alert throughout the day. As a male reproductive rejuvenative, 5 grams winter cherry powder can be mixed with 1 cup warm, unhomogenized milk, 1 tsp honey, 2 strands saffron, ¼ tsp long pepper and ½ tsp pure ghee. This can be taken before bed every night for one month before conception. A period of celibacy can also be observed during this time.