January 1616
Upon New Year’s Day I kept my chamber all the day, my Lady Rich1 and my sister Sackville2 dining with me, but my Lord3 and all the company at Dorset House went to see the masque at the Court.4
The first day Sir George Villiers5 was made Master of the Horse and my Lord of Worcester6 Lord Privy Seal.7
Upon the 3rd died my Lady Thomas Howard’s8 son.
Upon the 4th I went to see my Lady of Effingham9 at my Lady Lumley’s10 and went to sup at my Lady Shrewsbury’s11 where there was a great company and a play after supper.
Upon the 5th being Twelfth Eve, my Lord played at dice in the Court and won nine hundred twenty shilling pieces and gave me but twenty.12
Upon the 6th being Twelfth Day,13 I supped with my Lady of Arundel14 and sat with her in her Ladyship’s box to see the masque, which was the second time it was presented before the King and Queen.15
This Twelfth Day at night my Lady of Arundel made a great supper to the Florentine Ambassador16 where I was and carried my sister Sackville17 along with me so she sat with me in the box to see the masque. This night the Queen wore a gown with a long train which my Lady Bedford bore up.18
Upon the 8th I went to see Lady Raleigh at the Tower.19
Upon the 14th my Lord supped at the Globe.20
Upon the 21st being Sunday, my Lord and I went to church at Sevenoaks to grace the Bishop of St Davids’s prayers.21
February 1616
All the time I stayed in the country.22 I was sometimes merry and sometimes sad as I heard news from London.
Upon Thursday the 8th of February I came to London, my Lord Bishop of St David’s riding with me in the coach and Mary Neville. This time I was sent up for by my Lord about the composition with my uncle of Cumberland.23
Upon Monday the 12th my Lord Ros24 was married to Mrs Anne Lake, the Secretary’s daughter.25
Upon Thursday the 15th my Lord and I went to see my young Lady Arundel26 and in the afternoon my Lady Willoughby27 came to see me. My Lady Grey28 brought my Lady Carr29 to play at glecko30 with me when I lost fifteen pounds to them, they two and my Lady Grantham31 and Sir George Manners supping here with me.
Upon the 16th my Lady Grantham and Mrs Newton32 came to see me. My Lady Grantham told me the Archbishop of Canterbury33 would come to me the next day and she persuaded me very earnestly to agree to this business which I took as a great argument of her love. Also my cousin Russell34 came to see me the same day and chid me and told me of all my faults and errors in this business and he made me weep bitterly. Then I spoke a prayer and went to see my Lady Wotton35 at Whitehall where we walked five or six turns but spoke nothing of this business though her heart and mine were both full of it.
From hence I went to the Abbey at Westminster where I saw the Queen of Scots her tomb and all the other tombs36 and came home by water where I took an extreme cold.
Upon the 17th being Saturday, my Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, my Lord William Howard, my Lord Ros, my cousin Russell,37 my brother Sackville38 and a great company of men of note were all in the gallery at Dorset House where the Archbishop of Canterbury took me aside and talked with me privately one hour and a half and persuaded me both by divine and human means to set my hand to these agreements but my answer to his Lordship was that I would do nothing till my Lady39 and I had conferred together. Much persuasion was used by him and all the company, sometimes terrifying me and sometimes flattering me, but at length it was concluded that I should have leave to go to my mother and send an answer by the 22nd of March next whether I will agree to this business or not and to this prayer my Lord of Canterbury and the rest of the lords have set their hands.
After it was concluded I should go into the North to my mother then my uncle Cumberland and my cousin Clifford40 came down into the gallery, for they had all this while been in some other chamber with lawyers and others of their party.41
Next day was a marvellous day to me through the mercy of God for it was generally thought that I must either have sealed to the agreement or else to have parted with my Lord.
Upon the 19th I sent Tobias and Thomas Beddings42 to most of the ladies in the town of my acquaintance to let them know of my journey into the North.
Upon the 20th came my Lord Russell and my cousin Gorges.43 In all this time of my troubles my cousin Russell was exceeding careful and kind to me.
Upon the 21st my Lord and I began our journey northward. The same day my Lord Willoughby44 came and broke his fast with my Lord. We had two coaches in our company with four horses apiece and about six and twenty horsemen, I having no women to attend me but Willoughby and Judith,45 Thomas Glemham46 going with my Lord.
At this meeting my Lord’s footman Acton47 won the race from the northern man, and my Lord won both at [blank] and stayed there a fortnight with my Lord of Essex and my Lord Willoughby. Before they came to London they heard that three of Lord Abergavenny’s48 sons were drowned between Gravesend and London and about this time the marriage between Sir Robert Sidney and my Lady Dorothy Percy49 was openly known.50
Upon the 26th we went from Lichfield to Croxall, and about a mile from Croxall my Lord and I parted, he returning to Lichfield and I going on to Derby. I came to my lodging with a heavy heart considering how things stood between my Lord and I. I had in my company ten persons and thirteen horses.
March 1616
Upon the 1st we went from the parson’s house over the dangerous moors being eight miles, and afterwards the ways being so dangerous that the horses were fain to be taken out of the coach and the coach to be lifted down the hills. This day Rivers’s51 horse fell from a bridge into the river. We came to Manchester about ten o’clock at night.
Upon the 20th in the morning my Lord William Howard with his son my cousin William Howard52 and Mr John Dudley53 came hither to take the answer of my mother and my self, which was a direct denial to stand to the Judges’ Award. The same day came Sir Timothy Whittington hither who did do all he could to mitigate the anger between my Lord William Howard and my mother, so as at the last we parted all good friends and it was agreed upon that my men and horses should stay, and we should go up to London together after Easter.
Upon the 22nd my Lady and I went in a coach together to Whinfell54 and rid about the park and saw all the woods.
Upon the 24th my Lady Somerset55 was sent from Blackfriars by water as prisoner to the Tower.
Upon the 27th my cousin William Howard sent me a dapple grey nag for my own saddle.
Upon the 31st being Easter Day, I received56 with my Lady in the chapel at Brougham.
This Lent I kept very strictly and did eat nothing that had butter in it.57
April 1616
Upon the first came my cousin Charles Howard and Mr John Dudley, with letters to show that it was my Lord’s pleasure that the men and horses should come away without me and after much falling out betwixt my Lady and them, all my folks went away, there being a paper drawn to show that their going was by my Lord’s direction and contrary to my will. At night I sent two messengers to my folks to entreat them to stay. For some two nights my mother and I lay together and had much talk about this business.
Upon the 2nd I went after my folks in my Lady’s coach, she bringing me a quarter of a mile in the way where she and I had a heavy and grievous parting.58 Most part of the way I did ride on horseback behind Mr Hodgson.59
As I came away I heard that John Digby who was late ambassador in Spain was made Vice Chamberlain to the King and swore one of the Privy Council.
Not long after this my cousin Sir Oliver St John was made Lord Deputy of Ireland in the place of Sir Arthur Chichester.60
Upon the 10th we went from Ware to Tottenham where my Lord’s coach with his men and horses met me and came to London to Lesser Dorset House.
Upon the 11th I came from London to Knole where I had but a cold welcome from my Lord. My Lady Margaret61 met me at the outermost gate and my Lord came to me in the drawing chamber.
Upon the 12th I told my Lord how I had left those writings which the judges and my Lord would have me sign and seal behind with my mother.62
Upon the 13th my Lord and Thomas Glemham went up to London.
Upon the 17th came Tom Woodgate from London but brought no news of my going up which I daily look for.
Upon the 17th my mother sickened as she came from prayers being taken with a cold dullness in the manner of an ague, which afterwards turned to great heats and pains in her side so as when she was opened it was plainly perceived to be an impostume.63
Upon the 18th Basket64 came hither and brought me a letter from my Lord to let me know this was the last time of asking me whether I would set my hand to this award of the judges.
Upon the 19th being Friday, I returned my answer to my Lord that I would not stand to this award of the judges what misery soever it brought me to. This morning the Bishop of St David’s65 and my little child were brought to speak to me.
About this time I used to rise early in the morning and go to the standing66 in the garden and taking my prayer book with me and beseech God to be merciful towards me and to help me in this as He hath always done.
May 1616
Upon the 1st Rivers came from London in the afternoon, and brought me word that I should neither live at Knole nor Bolebroke.67
About this time I heard my sister Beauchamp68 was with child.69
Upon the 3rd came Basket down from London and brought me a letter from my Lord by which I might see that it was his pleasure that the Child should go the next day to London which at the first was somewhat grievous to me but when I considered that it would both make my Lord more angry with me and be worse for the Child, I resolved to let her go after I had sent for Mr Legg and talked with him about that and other matters and wept bitterly.70
Upon the 4th being Saturday between ten and eleven o’clock the Child went into the litter to go to London, Mrs Bathurst and her two maids with Mr Legg and a good company of the servants going with her. In the afternoon came a man called Hilton born in Craven71 from my Lady Willoughby to see me which I took as a great argument of her love being in the midst of all my misery.
My Lady Margaret lay in the great house at Dorset House for now my Lord and his whole company were removed from the little house where I lay when I was first married.72
Upon the 8th I dispatched a letter to my mother. About this time died my Lord of Shrewsbury73 at his house in Broad Street.74
Upon the 9th I received a letter from Mr Bellasis75 how extreme ill my mother had been and in the afternoon came Humphrey Golding’s son with letters that my mother was exceeding ill, and as they thought in some danger of death so as I sent Rivers presently to London with letters to be sent to her and certain cordials and conserves. At night was brought me a letter from my Lord to let me know that his determination was the Child should go live at Horsley76 and not come hither any more, so this was a grievous and sorrowful day to me.
Upon the 10th Rivers came from London and brought me word from Lord William77 that she was not in such danger as I feared.
Upon the 10th early in the morning I writ a very earnest letter to my Lord to beseech him that I might not go to the little house which was appointed for me, but that I might go to Horsley and sojourn there with my child and to the same effect I wrote to my sister Beauchamp.78
The same day came the stewards from London whom I expected would have given warning to many of the servants to go away because the audit was newly come up.79
Upon the 11th being Sunday before Mr Legg went away I talked with him an hour or two about all the business and matters between me and my Lord, so as I gave him better satisfaction made him conceive a better opinion of me than ever he did. A little before dinner came Matthew80 down from London, my Lord sending me by him the wedding ring that my Lord Treasurer and my Old Lady81 were married withal, and a message that my Lord would be here the next week, and that the Child would not go down to Horsley, and I sent my Lord the wedding ring that my Lord and I was married with. The same day came Mr Marsh82 from London and persuaded me much to consent to this agreement.
The 12th at night Grosvenor came hither and told me my Lord had won two hundred pounds at cocking, and that my Lord of Essex83 and my Lord Willoughby who were on my Lord’s side won a great deal, and how there were some unkind words passed between my Lord and his side and Sir William Herbert and his side. This day my Lady Grantham sent me a letter about these businesses between my uncle Cumberland and me and I returned her an answer.
All this time my Lord was at London where he had infinite and great resort coming to him. He went much abroad cocking, to bowling alleys, to plays and horse races and was commended by all the world. I stayed in the country having many times a sorrowful and heavy heart, and being condemned by most folks because I would not consent to the agreements, so as I may truly say I am like an owl in the desert.84 Upon the 13th being Monday my Lady’s footman Thomas Petty brought me letters out of Westmorland by which I perceived how very sick and full of grievous pain my dear mother was so as she was not able to write herself to me, and most of her people about her feared she would hardly recover this sickness. At night I went out and prayed to God my only helper that she might not die in this pitiful case.
The 14th Richard Jones came from London to see me and brought a letter with him from Matthew85 the effect whereof was to persuade me to yield to my Lord’s desire in this business at this time or else I was undone for ever.
Upon the 15th my Lord and my cousin Cecily Neville came down from London, my Lord lying in Leicester chamber and I in my own.
Upon the 17th my Lord and I after supper had talk about these businesses, Matthew86 being in the room, where we all fell out, and so we parted for the night.
Upon the 18th being Saturday in the morning my Lord and I having much talk about these businesses we agreed that Mr Marsh should go presently down to my mother and that by him I should write a letter to persuade her to give over her jointure presently to my Lord and that he would give her yearly as much as it was worth.87 This day my Lord went from Knole to London.
Upon the 20th went my child with Mary Neville and Mrs Bathurst to West Horsley from London. Mary Hutchins went with her for still she lay in bed with Lady Margaret.
Upon the 20th being Monday, I dispatched Mr Marsh with letters to my mother about the business aforesaid. I sent them unsealed because my Lord might see them.88
My brother Compton and his wife89 kept house at West Horsley and my brother Beauchamp and my sister his wife sojourned with them, so as the Child was with both her aunts.
Upon the 22nd Mr Davis came down from London and brought me word that my mother was very well recovered of her dangerous sickness. By him I writ a letter to my Lord that Mr Amherst90 and Mr Davis might confer together about my jointure,91 to free it from the payment of debts and all other encumbrances.
Upon the 24th being Friday, between the hours of six and seven at night died my dear mother at Brougham92 in the same chamber where my father was born, thirteen years and two months after the death of Queen Elizabeth and ten years and four months after the death of my father, I being then twenty-six years old and four months and the Child two years old wanting a month.93
My Lord was at London when my mother died, but he went to Lewes before he heard the news of her death.94 At this great meeting at Lewes, my Lord Compton, my Lord Mordaunt, Tom Neville, John Herbert and all that crew with Walter Raleigh, Jack Lewis95 and a multitude of such company were there. There was bowling, bull-baiting, cards and dice with such sports to entertain the time.96
Upon the 24th my Lady Somerset97 was arraigned and condemned at Westminster Hall where she confessed her fault98 and asked the King’s mercy and was much pitied of all the beholders.
Upon the 25th my Lord of Somerset99 was arraigned and condemned in the same place and stood much upon his innocency.
Upon the 27th being Monday, my Lord came down to Buckhurst. My Lord Vaux100 and his uncle Sir Henry Neville101 and diverse others came with him, but the lords that promised to go with him stayed behind agreeing to meet him the next day at Lewes.
Upon the 28th my Lady Selby102 came hither to see me and told me that she had heard some folks say that I have done well in not consenting to the Composition.103
Upon the 29th Kendal came and brought me the heavy news of my mother’s death, which I held as the greatest and most lamentable cross that could befall me. Also he brought her will along with him, wherein she appointed her body should be buried in the parish church of Alnwick,104 which was a double grief to me when I considered her body should be carried away, and not be interred at Skipton, so I took that as a sign that I should be disinherited of the inheritance of my forefathers. The same night I sent Hammon105 away with the will to my Lord who was then at Lewes.
Upon the 30th the Bishop of St David’s came to me in the morning to comfort me in these my afflictions, and in the afternoon I sent for Sir William Selby to speak to him about the conveyance of my dear mother’s body into Northumberland and about the building of a little chapel wherein I intended she should be buried. And on the 30th at night or the 31st my Lord was told the news of my mother’s death, he being then at Lewes with all this company.106
Upon the 31st came Mr Amherst from my Lord to me and brought me word that my Lord would be here on Saturday. The same day Mr Jones brought me a letter from Mr Woolrich107 wherein it seemed that it was my mother’s pleasure her body should be conveyed to what place I appointed and which was some contentment to my aggrieved soul.108
June 1616
Upon the 1st being Saturday my Lord left all the company at Buckhurst and came hither about seven o’clock in the morning and so went to bed and slept till twelve, when I made Rivers write my letter to Sir Christopher Pickering,109 Mr Woolrich, Mr Domville110 and Ralph Conniston111 wherein I told them that my Lord had determined to keep possession for my right, and to desire that the body might be wrapped in lead112 till they heard from me. About four of the clock my Lord went to London.
About this time came my Lady Cavendish,113 Sir Robert Yaxley and Mr Watson114 to see me and comfort me after the loss of my mother, and persuaded me much to consent to the agreement.115
Upon the 4th Mr Marsh and Rivers came down from London and gave me to understand how my Lord by the knowledge and consent of Lord William Howard and the advice of his learned council116 had sent a letter down into Westmorland to my Lady’s servants and tenants to keep possession for him and me, which was a thing I little expected but gave me much contentment for I thought my Lord of Cumberland had taken possession of her jointure quietly.117
Upon the 8th being Saturday, Rivers and Mr Burridge were sent down into Westmorland with letters from the Council118 for the restoring of the possession of Appleby Castle as it was at my Lady’s decease.
At this time my Lord desired to have me pass my right of the lands in Westmorland to him and my Child and to this end he brought my Lord William Howard to persuade me,119 and then my Lord told me I should go presently to Knole and so I was sent away upon half an hour’s warning leaving my cousin Cecily Neville and Willoughby behind me at London and so went down alone with Katherine Burton120 about eight o’clock at night so as it was twelve before we came to Knole.
Upon the 15th came the steward121 to Knole with whom I had much talk. At this time I wrought very hard and made an end of one of my cushions of Irish stitch work.122
Upon the 17th came down Dr Layfield,123 Ralph Conniston and Basket, Dr Layfield bringing with him the conveyance which Mr Walter124 had drawn and persuaded me to go up and set my hand to it, which I refused, because my Lord had sent me down so suddenly two days before.125
Upon the 19th my Lord came down for me and Doctor Layfield with him, when my Lord persuaded me to consent to his business, and assured me how good and kind a husband he would be to me.
Upon the 20th my Lord and I, Doctor Layfield and Katherine Burton went up to London and the same day as I take it I passed (by fine before my Lord Hobart)126 the inheritance of Westmorland to my Lord if I had no heirs of my own body.127
This summer the King of Spain’s eldest daughter called Anna Maria128 came into France and was married to the French King129 and the French King’s eldest sister130 went into Spain and was married to the King of Spain’s eldest son.131
Upon the 21st being Friday, my Lord wrote his letters to my Lord William Howard and gave directions to Mr Marsh to go with them and that the possession of Brougham Castle should be very carefully looked to. The same day he went down to Horsley to see the Child at his sister’s.132
Upon Sunday the 23rd my Lord and I went in the morning to St Bride’s church133 and heard a sermon.134
Upon the 24th my Lord and my Lord [blank] and my cousin Cecily Neville went by barge to Greenwich and waited on the King and Queen to chapel and dined at my Lady Bedford’s135 where I met my Lady Home136 my old acquaintance. After dinner we went up to the gallery where the Queen used me exceeding well. About this time I went into the Tiltyard137 to see my Lady Knollys138 where I saw my Lady Somerset’s little child139 being the first time I ever saw it.140
Upon the 28th came Kendal with letters from my Lord William141 so as my Lord determined I should go presently into the North.
Upon the 30th being Sunday, presently after dinner my Lady Robert Rich, my cousin Cecily Neville and I went down by barge to Greenwich where in the gallery there passed some unkind words between my Lady Knollys and me. I took my leave of the Queen and all my friends there. About this time it was agreed between my Lord and me that Mrs Bathurst should go away from the Child and that Willoughby should have the charge of her till I should appoint it otherwise. He gave me his faithful promise that he would come after me into the North as soon as he could, and that the Child should come out of hand so that my Lord and I were never greater friends than at this time.
About this time [end of June, beginning of July] Acton my Lord’s footman lost his race to my Lord Salisbury’s142 Irish footman and my Lord lost 200 twenty shilling pieces by betting on his side.143
July 1616
Upon the 1st my Lord Hobart came to Dorset House where I acknowledged a fine to him of a great part of my thirds in my Lord’s land but my Lord gave me his faithful word and promise that in Michaelmas term next he would make me a jointure of the full thirds of his living.144
About one o’clock I set forward on my journey.145 My Lord brought me down to the coach side where we had a loving and kind parting.
Upon the 11th Ralph146 brought me word that it147 could not be buried at Appleby so I sent Rivers away presently who got their consents. About five o’clock came my cousin William Howard and about five or six of his [men]. About eight we set forward, the body going in my Lady’s own coach with my four horses and my self following it in my own coach with two horses and most of the men and women on horseback, so as there was about 40 in the company and we came to Appleby about half an hour after eleven o’clock and about twelve the body was put into the grave. About three o’clock in the morning we came home where I showed my cousin Howard my letter that I writ to my Lord.
Upon the 17th I rid into Whinfell Park and there I willed the tenants that were carrying off hay at Julian Bower that they should keep the money in their own hands till it were known who had a right to it.148
Upon the 25th I signed a warrant for the killing of a stag in Stainsmore being the first warrant I ever had signed of that kind.149
Upon the 29th I sent my folks into the park to make hay when they being interrupted by my uncle Cumberland’s people. Two of my uncle’s people were hurt by Mr Kidd the one in the leg, the other in the foot, whereupon complaint was presently made to the judges at Carlisle and a warrant sent forth for the apprehending of all my folks that were in the field at that time to put in surety to appear at Kendal at the assizes.150
August 1616
Upon the 1st day came Baron Bromley151 and Judge Nicholls152 to see me as they came from Carlisle and ended the matter about the hurting of my uncle Cumberland’s men and have released my folks that were bound to appear at the assizes.
Upon the 4th my cousin John Dudley supped here and told me that I had given very good satisfaction to the judges153 and all the company that was with them. About this time my Lady of Exeter was brought to bed of a daughter154 and my Lady Montgomery of a son155 being her first son.156
Upon the 11th came Mr Marsh and brought a letter of the King’s hand to it that I should not be molested in Brougham Castle and withal how all things went well and that my Lord would be here very shortly.
Upon the 22nd I met my Lord at Appleby towns-end where he came with a great company of horse, Lord William Howard, he and I riding in the coach together and so we came that night to Brougham. There came with him Thomas Glemham, Coventry, Grosvenor,157 Grey Dick etc. The same night Prudence, Bess, Penelope and some of the men came hither but the stuff was not yet come so as they were fain to lie three or four in a bed.
Upon the 24th in the afternoon I dressed the chamber158 where my Lady died and set up the green velvet bed where the same night we went to lie there. Upon Saturday and Sunday [24th and 25th] my Lord showed me his will whereby he gave all his land159 to the Child saving three thousand five hundred pound a year to my brother Sackville and fifteen hundred pounds a year which is appointed for the payment of his debts, and my jointure excepted, which was a matter I little expected.160
Upon the 26th came my cousin Clifford161 to Appleby, but with far less train than my Lord.
Upon the 27th our folks being all at [Penrith] there passed some ill words between Matthew, one of the [Clifford] keepers and William Dunn whereupon they fell to blows and Grosvenor, Grey Dick, Thomas Todd and Edward’s162 swords made a great uproar in the town and three or four were hurt and the man who went to ring the bell fell from a ladder and was sore hurt.
Upon the 28th we made an end of dressing the house in the forenoon and in the afternoon I wrought Irish stitch and my Lord sat and read by me.
September 1616163
October 1616
Upon the 11th Mrs Samford164 went to London by whom I sent a very earnest letter to my Lord that I might come up to London.
The 17th was the first day that I put on my black silk grogram gown.
Upon the 18th being Friday, died my Lady Margaret’s old beagle.165
Upon the 22nd came Rivers down to Brougham and brought me word that I could not go to London all this winter.
Upon the 31st I rid into Whinfell in the afternoon. This month I spent in working and reading. Mr Domville166 read a great part of the History of the Netherlands.167
November 1616
Upon the 1st I rose betimes in the morning and went up to the Pagan Tower168 to my prayers and saw the sun rise.
Upon the 4th Prince Charles was created Prince of Wales in the Great Hall at Whitehall where he had been created Duke of York about 13 years before. There was barriers and running at the ring169 but it was not half so great pomp as was at the creation of Prince Henry.170 Not long after this Lord Chancellor was created Viscount Brackley171 and my Lord Knollys Viscount Wallingford,172 my Lord Coke173 was displaced and Montagu was made Lord Chief Justice in his place. [And] upon the 4th I sat in the drawing chamber all the day at my work.174
Upon the 9th I sat at my work175 and heard Rivers and Marsh read Montaigne’s Essays,176 which book they have read almost this fortnight.
Upon the 12th I made an end of the long cushion of Irish stitch which my cousin Cecily Neville began when she went with me to the bath, it being my chief help to pass away the time to work.177
Upon the 19th William Dunn came down from London with letters from my Lord, whereby I perceived there had passed a challenge between him and my cousin Clifford which my Lord sent him by my cousin Cheyney.178 The Lords of the Council sent for them both and the King made them friends, giving my Lord marvellous good words and willed him to send for me, because he meant to make an agreement himself between us. This going up to London of mine I little expected at this time. By him I also heard that my sister Sackville was dead.179
Upon the 20th I spent most of the day in playing at tables. All this time since my Lord went away I wore my black taffeta night gown180 and a yellow taffeta waistcoat and used to rise betimes in the morning and walk upon the leads181 and afterwards to hear reading.
Upon the 22nd I did string the pearls and diamonds my mother left me into a necklace.
Upon the 23rd I went to Mr Blinke’s house in Cumberland182 where I stayed an hour or two and heard music and saw all the house and gardens. [And] upon the 23rd Baker, Hookfield, Harry the Caterer,183 and Tom Fool184 went from hence towards London.185
Upon the 24th Baker186 set out from London to Brougham Castle to fetch me up.
Upon the 26th Thomas Hilton187 came hither and told me of some quarrels that would be between some gentlemen that took my Lord’s part and my cousin Clifford which did much trouble me.
Upon the 29th I bought of Mr Cliborne who came to see me a cloak and a saveguard188 of cloth laced with black lace to keep me warm in my journey.
December 1616
Upon the 4th came Basket with all the horses to carry me to London but he left the coach behind him at Roos.
Upon the 9th I set out from Brougham Castle towards London. About three o’clock in the afternoon we came to Roos. All this day I rode on horseback on Rivers his mare 29 miles that day.189
Upon the 11th I went to York. Three of Lord Sheffield’s daughters190 and Mrs Matthew the Bishop’s wife191 came to see me this night. Mrs Matthew lay with me. About this time died Mr Marshall my Lord’s Auditor and Surveyor and left me a purse of ten Angels192 as a remembrance of his love.
Upon the 12th William Dunn overtook us at Wentbridge, having found the diamond ring at Roos which I was very glad of.193
The 15th day was Mr John Tufton just eight years old, being he that was after married to my first child in the church at St Bartholomew’s.194
Upon the 18th I alighted at Islington where my Lord was, who came in my Lady Withypole’s195 coach which he had borrowed. My Lady Effingham the widow,196 my sister Beauchamp and a great many more came to meet me so that we were in all ten or eleven coaches and so I came to Dorset House where the Child met me in the gallery. The house was well dressed up against I came. The Child was brought down to me in the gallery which was the first time I had seen her after my mother died.197
Upon the 23rd my Lady Manners198 came in the morning to dress my head. I had a new black wrought taffeta gown which my Lady St John’s199 tailor made. She used often to come to me and I to her and was very kind one to another. About five o’clock in the evening my Lord and I and the Child went in the great coach to Northampton House, where my Lord Treasurer200 and all the company commended her and she went down into my Lady Walden’s chamber.201 My cousin Clifford202 saw her and kissed her but I stayed with my Lady Suffolk.203 All this time of me being at London I was much sent to and visited by many, being unexpected that ever matters should have gone so well with me and my Lord, everybody persuading me to hear and to make an end since the King had taken the matter in hand, so as now I had a new part to play upon the stage of this world.
Upon the 26th I dressed myself in my green satin night gown.
Upon the 27th I dined at my Lady Elizabeth Grey’s lodgings in Somerset House where I met my Lady Compton204 and my Lady Fielding205 and spoke to them about my coming to the King. Presently after dinner came my Lord thither and we went together to my Lady Arundel’s where I saw all the pictures in the gallery and the statues in the lower rooms.206
Upon the 28th I dined above in my chamber and wore my night gown because I was not very well which day and yesterday I forgot that it was fish day and eat flesh at both dinners. In the afternoon I played at glecko with my Lady Grey and lost 27 pounds and odd money.
Upon the 31st this night I sent Thomas Woodgate with a sweet bag to the Queen for a New Year’s gift, and a standish to Mrs Hanno, both which cost me about 16 or 17 pounds.207
Upon New Year’s Day presently after dinner I went to the Savoy to my Lord Carey’s.208 From thence he and I went to Somerset House to the Queen where I met Lady Derby, my Lady Bedford, and my Lady Montgomery209 and a great deal of other company that came along with the King and the Prince.
As the King passed by he kissed me. Afterwards the Queen came out into the drawing chamber where she kissed me and used me very kindly. This was the first time I either saw the King, Queen or Prince since my coming out of the North.210
My Lord Arundel211 had much talk with me about the business and persuaded me to yield to the King in all things. From Somerset House we went to Essex House to see my Lady of Northumberland. This was the last time I ever saw my Lady of Northumberland.212 From thence I went to see my Lady Rich213 and so came home. After supper I went to see my sister Beauchamp and stayed with her an hour or two for my Lord was at the play at Whitehall that night.
Upon the 2nd I went to the Tower to see my Lady Somerset and my Lord. This was the first time I saw them since their arraignment.214
Upon the 5th I went into the Court. We went up into the King’s Presence Chamber where my Lord Villiers was created Earl of Buckingham,215 my Lord, my Lord of Montgomery216 and diverse other Earls bringing him up to the King. I supped with my Lord of Arundel and my Lady and after supper I saw the play of the mad lover in the hall.217
Upon the 6th being Twelfth Day I went about four o’clock to the Court with my Lord. I went up with my Lady Arundel and ate a scrambling supper with her and my Lady Pembroke at my Lord Duke’s lodging.218 We stood to see the masque219 in the box with my Lady Ruthven.220
Upon the 8th we came down from London to Knole. This night my Lord and I had a falling out about the land.
Upon the 9th I went up to see the things in the closet221 and began to have Mr Sandys his book read to me about the government of the Turks,222 my Lord sitting the most part of the day reading in his closet.
Upon the 10th my Lord went up to London upon the sudden, we not knowing it till the afternoon.
Upon the 16th I received a letter from my Lord that I should come up to London the next day because I was to go before the King on Monday next.
Upon the 17th when I came up my Lord told me I must resolve to go to the King the next day.
Upon the 18th being Saturday I went presently after dinner to the Queen to the drawing chamber, where my Lady Derby told the Queen how my business stood and that I was to go to the King, so she promised me she would do all the good in it she could. The Queen gave me warning to take heed of putting my matters absolutely to the King lest he should deceive me.223 When I had stayed but a little while there, I was sent for out, my Lord and I going through my Lord Buckingham’s chamber who brought us into the King being in the drawing chamber. He put out all that were there and my Lord and I kneeled by his chair side when he persuaded us both to peace and to put the matter wholly into his hands, which my Lord consented to, but I beseeched His Majesty to pardon me for that I would never part with Westmorland while I lived upon any condition whatsoever. Sometimes he used fair means and persuasions, and sometimes foul means but I was resolved before so as nothing would move me. From the King we went to the Queen’s side224 and brought my Lady St John to her lodging and so went home. At this time I was much bound to my Lord for he was far kinder to me in all these businesses than I expected, and was very unwilling that the King should do me any public disgrace.
Upon the 19th my Lord and I went to the Court in the morning thinking the Queen would have gone to the Chapel, but she did not, so my Lady Ruthven and I and many others stood in the closet to hear the sermon.225 I dined with my Lady Ruthven. Presently after dinner she and I went up to the drawing chamber, where my Lord Duke, my Lady Montgomery, my Lady Burghley226 persuaded me to refer these businesses to the King. About six o’clock my Lord came for me so he and I and Lady St John went home in her coach. This night the masque was danced at the Court but I would not stay to see it because I had seen it already.227
Upon the 20th I and my Lord went presently after dinner to the Court. He went up to the King’s side about his business. I went up to my Lady Bedford in her lodgings where I stayed in Lady Ruthven’s chamber till towards three o’clock about which time I was sent for up to the King into his drawing chamber when the door was locked and nobody suffered to stay there but my Lord and I, my uncle Cumberland, my cousin Clifford, my Lord of Arundel, my Lord of Pembroke,228 my Lord of Montgomery and Sir John Digby. Four lawyers there were my Lord Chief Justice Montagu229 and Hobart, Yelverton230 the King’s solicitor, Sir Ranulphe Crew that was to speak for my Lord of Cumberland and Mr Ireland that was to speak for my Lord and me. The King asked us all whether we would submit to his judgement in this case, to which my uncle of Cumberland, my cousin Clifford and my Lord answered they would, but I would never agree to it without Westmorland at which the King grew into a great chaff,231 my Lord of Pembroke and the King’s solicitor speaking much against me. At last, when they saw there was no remedy, my Lord, fearing the King would do me some public disgrace, desired Sir John Digby to open the door, who went out with me and persuaded me much to yield to the King. My Lord Hay232 came out to me to whom I told in brief how this business stood. Presently after my lord came from the King where it was resolved that if I would not come to an agreement, there should be an agreement made without me.233 We went down, Sir Robert Douglas and Sir George Chaworth bringing us to the coach. By the way my Lord and I went in at Worcester House to see my Lord and my Lady,234 and so came home. This day I may say I was led miraculously by God’s providence and next to that I must attribute all my good to the worth and nobleness of my Lord’s disposition for neither I nor anybody else thought that I should have passed over this day so well as I thank God I have done.235
Upon the 22nd the Child had the sixth fit of her ague.236 In the morning Mr Smith237 went up in the coach to London to my Lord to whom I wrote a letter to let him know in what case the Child was, and to give him humble thanks for his noble usage towards me at London. The same day my Lord came down to Knole to see the Child.
Upon the 23rd my Lord went up betimes to London again. The same day the Child put on her red baize coat.
Upon the 25th I spent most of the time in working and going up and down to see the Child. About five or six o’clock her fits took her which lasted six or seven hours.
Upon the 28th at this time I wore a green plain flannel gown that William Dunn made me and my yellow taffeta waistcoat. Rivers used to read to me in Montaigne’s Essays and Moll Neville238 in the Fairie Queene.239
Upon the 30th Mr Amherst the preacher came hither to see me with whom I had much talk. He told me that now they began to think at London that I had done well in not referring this business to the King and that everybody said God had a hand in it.
February 1617
Upon the 4th should have been the Child’s fit, but she missed it. Acton came presently after dinner with a letter to Tom the groom to meet my Lord at Hampton Court with his hunting horses. At night Thomas Woodgate came from London and brought a squirrel to the Child. My Lord wrote me a letter by which I perceived my Lord was clean out with me and how my enemies have wrought much against me.
All the time of my being in the country there was much ado at London about my business insomuch that my Lord, my uncle of Cumberland, my cousin Clifford, both the Chief Justices and the counsel of both sides were diverse times with the King about it and that the King hearing it go so directly for me he said there was no law in England to keep me from the land.240 There was during this time much cockfighting at the Court, where my Lord’s cocks did fight against the King’s, although this business was somewhat chargeable to my Lord, yet it brought him into great grace and favour with the King, so as he useth him very kindly and speaketh very often to him and better of him than any other man. My Lord grew very great with my Lord of Arundel.241
Upon the 6th the Child had a kind of grudging of her ague again. At night Mr Osberton came from London and told me that the Baron de Joiners242 came out of France and had great entertainment both of the King and Queen and was lodged at Salisbury House.
Upon the 7th presently after dinner Mr Osberton and I had a great deal of talk, he telling me how much I was condemned in the world and what strange censures most folks made of my courses, so as I kneeled down to my prayers and desired God to send a good end to these troublesome businesses, my trust being wholly in him that always helped me.
Upon the 8th the Child had a great fit of her ague again insomuch I was very fearful of her that I could hardly sleep all night, so I beseech God Almighty to be merciful to me and spare her life.
Upon the 12th the Child had a little grudging of her ague. Rivers came down presently from London and told me that the judges had been with the King diverse times about my business but as yet the award is not yet published, but it is thought it will be much according to the award formerly set down by the judges. He told me that he had been with Lord William,243 who as he thought did not very well like of the agreement considering how he had heretofore showed himself in this business. My Lord did nothing so often come to my Lord William as he did heretofore for the friendship between them grew cold, my Lord beginning to harbour some ill opinion of him.244 After supper the Child’s nose fell a-bleeding which as I think was the chief cause she was rid of her ague.
Upon the 13th the King made a speech in the Star Chamber about duels and combats my Lord standing by his chair where he talked with him all the while, he being in extraordinary grace and favour with the King.245 My sister Compton and her husband were now on terms of parting so as they left Horsley, she lying in London. It was agreed that she should have a 100 pounds a year and he to take the children from her.246
Upon the 14th I sent Mr Edwards’ man to London with a letter to my Lord, to desire him to come down hither. All this day I spent with Marsh who did write the Chronicles of the year 1607247 who went in afterwards to my prayers desiring God to send me some end of my troubles, that my enemies might not still have the upper hand of me.
Upon the 16th my Lord came hither from London before dinner and told me how the whole state of my business went and how things went at Court. He told me the Earl of Buckingham was sworn a Privy Councillor and that my Lord Willoughby’s brother, Mr Henry Bertie, was put into the Inquisition at Ancona.248
Upon the 17th about eight o’clock in the morning my Lord returned to London. At night Mr Askew came and brought me a letter from my Lady Grantham and told me a great deal of news from London. I signed a bill to give him seven pounds at his return from Jerusalem. This day I gave the Child’s old clothes to Legg for his wife.
About this time there was much ado between my Lord of Hertford249 and my Lord Beauchamp250 about the assurances of lands to Mr William Seymour,251 but my sister Beauchamp252 grew great with my Lord of Hertford and so got the upper hand.253
Upon the 21st the Child had an extreme fit of her ague and the doctor sat by her all the afternoon and gave her a salt powder to put in her beer.254
Upon the 22nd Basket went up with the great horses to my Lord because my Lord intended to ride a day with the Prince.255 Legg came down and brought me word how that the King would make a composition and take a course to put me from my rights to the lands, so as if I did not consider of it speedily it would be too late and how bitter the King stood against me. My sister Compton sent to borrow twelve pounds so I sent her ten twenty shilling pieces.
Upon the 24th, 26th [and] 27th I spent my time in working and hearing Mr Rand read the Bible and walking abroad. My Lord writ me word that the King had referred the drawing and perfecting of the business to the solicitor.
My soul was much troubled and afflicted to see how things go, but my trust is still in God and compare things past with things present and read over the Chronicles.
March 1617
Upon the 1st after supper mother Dorset256 came hither to see me and the Child. About this time the curtain in the Child’s chamber window was let up to let in the light which had been close shut up for three weeks or a month before.257
Upon the third Petley and Tom258 went to Buckhurst with my Lord’s horses and hounds to meet my Lord there by whom I wrote a letter to my Lord to beseech him that he would take Knole in his way as he goes to London. About this time the King and my Lord Chancellor259 delivered the seals to Sir Francis Bacon and he was Lord Keeper.260
Upon the 6th Coach puppied in the morning.261
Upon the 8th I made an end of Exodus with Mr Rands.262 After supper I played at glecko with the steward,263 as I often do after dinner and supper.
Upon the 9th Mr Rands said service in the chapel but made no sermon in the afternoon. I went abroad in the garden, and said my prayers in the standing. I was not well at night so I ate a posset and I went to bed.
Upon the 11th we perceived that the Child had two great teeth come out, so as now she had in all 18. I went in the afternoon and said my prayers in the standing in the garden and spent my time in reading and working as I used to. The time grew tedious so as I used to go to bed about eight o’clock and lie abed till eight the next morning.
Upon the 12th I wrote to my Lord, to Sir Walter Raleigh, to Marsh etc.
Upon the 13th I made an end of Leviticus with Mr Rands. I sent by Willoughby a little jewel of opal to my Lady Trenchard’s girl.264
Upon the 14th I made an end of my Irish stitch cushion. This afternoon Basket came from London and told me that my Lord and my uncle of Cumberland were agreed and that the writings were sealed. The 14th being Friday, my uncle of Cumberland and my cousin Clifford came to Dorset House to my Lord where he and they signed and sealed the writings and made a final conclusion of my business and did what they could to cut me off from my right, but I referred my cause to God.265
The King set forward this day on his journey to Scotland, the Queen and the Prince going with him to Theobalds.266
Upon the 15th my Lord came down to Buckhurst and was so ill by the way he was fain to alight once or twice and go into a house. All the household were sent down from London to Knole.
Upon this Friday or Saturday died my Lord Chancellor Egerton267 my Lady Derby’s husband.268
The 16th my Lord sent for John Cook to make broths for him and Josiah to wait in his Chamber by whom I wrote a letter to entreat him that if he were not well I might come down to Buckhurst to him. This day I spent walking in the Park with Judith and carrying my Bible with me thinking on my present fortunes and what troubles I have passed through. This day I put on my grogram mourning gown269 and intend to wear it till my mourning time come out because I was found fault with all for wearing such ill clothes.270
Upon the 17th the women made an end of the sheet of my Lady Sussex271 her work that is for the palace which was begun in April, presently after I came out of the North from my mother.272
Upon the 19th Willoughby brought me very kind messages from my sister Compton, my sister Beauchamp and the rest of the ladies I sent her to. About this time my Lord Hay was sworn a Privy Councillor. About this time my Lord took Adam273 a new barber to wait on him in his chamber.274
Upon the 20th I spent most of the time in walking abroad and playing at cards with the steward and Basket and had such ill luck that I resolved not to play in three months. After supper I wrote a letter to my Lord to entreat him that he would come and see me and the Child as soon as he could.
The 21st Ned footman came from Buckhurst and told me that my Lord was reasonable well and that he had missed his fit which did much comfort me.
The 22nd my cook Hortelius came down from London to me by Dr Layfield. And the steward came from Buckhurst and told me my Lord had not been well so as his going to London had been put off till the next week and that he had lent out his house to my Lord Keeper275 for two terms until my Lady Derby was gone out of York House276 and my brother Sackville had written to my Lord to lend him the litter to bring up my sister Sackville277 to London who was thirteen weeks gone with child. This day I began a new Irish stitch cushion not one of those for Lady Rich but finer canvas.
Upon the 24th we made rosemary cakes.
Upon the 26th my Lord came hither with Thomas Glemham from Buckhurst. He was troubled with a cough and was fain to lie in Leicester Chamber.278
Upon the 27th my Lord told me that he had acknowledged no statutes on his lands and that the matter was not so fully finished but there was a place left for me to come in.279 My Lord found me reading with Mr Rands and told me that it would hinder his study very much so as I must leave off reading the Old Testament until I can get somebody to read it with me. This day I made an end of reading Deuteronomy.
Upon the 28th I walked with my Lord abroad in the Park in the garden, where he spake to me very much of this business with my uncle Cumberland. I wrought very much within doors and strived to set as merry a face as I could upon a discontented heart, for I might easily perceive that Matthew and Lindsey280 had got a great hand of my Lord and were both of them against me, yet by this means they put my Lord William281 clean out of all grace and trust with my Lord which I hope may be the better hereafter for me and my child knowing that God often brings things to pass by contrary means.
Upon the 29th the possession of Brougham Castle was delivered by my Lord’s warrant to Thomas Taylor etc. of my uncle Cumberland’s servants, most of the gentlemen and justices being there present.282
Upon the 29th my Lord went to London, I bringing him down in his coach. I found this time that he was nothing so much discontented with this agreement as I thought he would have been and that he was more pleased and contented with all the passages at London than I imagined he would have been.
Upon the 30th I spent in walking and sitting in the Park having my mind much more contented than it was before my Lord came from Buckhurst.
Upon the 2nd my Lord came down from London with Tom Glemham with him. My Lord told me how the King was gone with so few company as he had but one Lord went with him through Northamptonshire. About this time the Marquis of D’Ancre was slain in France which bred great alterations abroad.283
Upon the 4th my Lord told me that he had as yet passed no fines and recoveries284 of my land but that my uncle Cumberland had acknowledged statutes for the payment of the money, and that all writings were left with my Lord Keeper and my Lord Hobart till the next term, at which time they were fully to be concluded on. This was strange news to me, for I thought all matters had been finished. This day we began to leave the little room and dine and sup in the great chamber.
Upon the 5th my Lord went up to my closet and saw how little money I had left, contrary to all that they had told him. Sometimes I had fair words from him and sometimes foul but I took all patiently and did strive to give him as much content and assurance of my love as I could possibly, yet I always told him that I would never part with Westmorland upon any condition whatsoever.285 About this time Lady Robert Rich was brought to bed of her third son which was her fifth child called Henry.286
Upon the 6th after supper because my Lord was sullen and not willing to go into the nursery I made Mary bring the Child to him into my chamber which was the first time she stirred abroad since she was sick.
Upon the 7th my Lord lay in my chamber.287
Upon the 8th I sat by my Lord and my brother Sackville in the drawing chamber and heard much talk about many businesses and did perceive that he was entered into a business between my Lady of Exeter and my Lord Ros288 of which he will not easily quit himself.
Captain Mainwaring and these folks told me that for certain the match with Spain and our Prince would go forward.289 The King of Spain was grown so gracious to English folks that he had written his letter in behalf of Lord Willoughby’s brother to get him out of the inquisition.290
Upon the 11th my Lord was very ill this day and could not sleep so that I lay on a pallet.
Upon the 12th Mrs Watson came hither with whom I had much talk of my Lord’s being made a Knight of the Garter.291 This night I went into Judith’s chamber where I mean to continue until my Lord be better.
Upon the 13th my Lord sat where the gentlewomen used to sit. He dined abroad in the great chamber and supped privately with me in the drawing chamber and had much discourse of the humours of the folks at Court.
Upon the 14th I was so ill with lying in Judith’s chamber that I had a plain fit of a fever.
Upon the 15th I was so sick and my face so swelled that my Lord and Tom Glemham were fain to keep the table in the drawing chamber as I sat within. Marsh came in the afternoon to whom I gave directions to go to Mr Davis and Mr Walter about the drawing of letters to the tenants in Westmorland, because I intend to send him thither. This night I left Judith’s chamber and came to lie in the chamber where I lay when my Lord was in France292 in the green cloth of gold bed where the Child was born.
Upon the 16th my Lord and I had much talk about these businesses, he urging me still to go to London and to sign and seal but I told him that my promise was so far passed to my mother and to all the world that I would never do it whatsoever became of me and mine. Yet still I strived as much as I could to settle a good opinion in him towards me.
Upon the 17th in the morning my Lord told me he was resolved never to move me more in these businesses because he saw how fully I was bent.
Upon the 18th being Good Friday I spent most of the day in hearing Kate Burton read the Bible and a book of Preparation to the Sacrament.293
Upon the 19th I signed 33 letters with my own hand which I sent by him to the tenants in Westmorland.294 The same night after supper my Lord and I had much talk and [he] persuaded me to yield to these businesses, but I would not, and yet I told him I was in perfect charity with the world. All this Lent I ate flesh and observed no day but Good Friday.295
About the 20th being Easter Day my Lord and I and Tom Glemham and most of the folks received the communion by Mr Rands yet in the afternoon my Lord and I had a great falling out, Matthew continuing still to do me all the ill offices he could to my Lord. All this time I wore my white satin gown and my white waistcoat.
Upon the 22nd this night we played at barley break upon the bowling green.296 This day we came to dine abroad in the great chamber.297
Upon the 23rd my Lord Clanricarde298 came hither. After they were gone my Lord and I and Tom Glemham went to Mr Lane’s299 house to see the fine flowers that is in the garden. This night my Lord should have lain with me in my chamber, but he and I fell out about Matthew.
Upon the 24th my Lord went to Sevenoaks again. After supper we played at barley break upon the green. This night my Lord came to lie in my chamber.
Upon the 25th being Friday I began to keep my fish days which I intend to keep all the year long. After dinner I had a great deal of talk with Richard Dawson that served my Lady,300 he telling me all the manner how the possession of Brougham Castle was delivered to my uncle of Cumberland’s folks, and how Mr Worleigh and all my people are gone from home except John Raivy who kept all the stuff in the Baron’s chamber, the plate being already sent to Lord William Howard’s.
Upon the 26th I spent the evening in working and going down to my Lord’s closet where I sat and read much in the Turkish History and Chaucer.301
Upon the 28th was the first time the Child put on a pair of whalebone bodice.302 My Lord went a-hunting the fox and the hare. I sent William Dunn to Greenwich to see my Lady Roxburgh303 and remember my service to the Queen.
About this time my Lord made the steward alter most of the rooms in the house and dress them up as fine as he could and determined to make all his old clothes in purple stuff for the gallery and drawing chamber.304
May 1617
Upon the 1st I cut the Child’s strings305 off from her coats and made her use to go about so as she had two or three falls at first but had no hurt from them.
Upon the 2nd the Child put on her first coat that was laced with lace being of red baize.
Upon the 3rd my Lord went from Buckhurst to London and rid it in four hours, he riding very hard and hunting all the while. He was at Buckhurst and had his health exceeding well.
The 7th my Lord Keeper306 rode from Dorset House to Westminster in great pomp and state. All of the Lords going with him amongst which my Lord was one.
Upon the 8th I spent the day in working the time being very tedious unto me as having neither comfort nor company only the Child.
Upon the 12th I began to dress my head with a roule307 without a wire. I wrote not to my Lord because he wrote not to me since he went away. After supper I went with the Child who rode on the piebald nag that came out of Westmorland with Mrs [blank]. Mr Ryder came hither and told me Lord Sheffield’s wife308 was lately dead since the King went from York.309
Upon the 13th310 the Child came to lie with me which was the first time that ever she lay all night in a bed with me ever since she was born.
Upon the 14th311 the Child put on her white coats and left off many things from her head, the weather growing extreme hot.
Upon the 17th the steward came from London and told me that my Lord was much discontented with me for not doing this business because he must be fain to tie land for the payment of the money which will much encumber his estate.
Upon the 18th Mr Woolrich came hither to serve me, he bringing me news that all in Westmorland was surrendered to my uncle of Cumberland.
Upon the 19th came my cousin Sir Edward Gorges who brought me a token from my Lady Somerset.
Upon the 24th we set up a great many of the books that came out of the North312 in my closet this being a sad day with me thinking of the troubles I have passed. I used to spend much time in talking with Mr Woolrich about my dear mother and other businesses in the North. This term my Lord’s mother-in-law did first of all sue out of her thirds which was an increase of trouble and discontent to my Lord.313
Upon the 26th my Lady St John’s tailor came hither to me to take measure of me and to make me a new gown. In the afternoon my cousin Russell314 wrote me a letter to let me know how my Lord had cancelled my jointure315 he had made upon me last June when I went into the North and by these proceedings I may see how much my Lord is offended with me and that my enemies have the upper hand of me but I am resolved to take all patiently casting all my care upon God. This footman told me that my cousin Russell and my Lady Bedford were agreed, and my Lord Herbert and his Lady316 and that next week they were to seal the writings and the agreement which I little expected.317
Upon the 27th I wrote a letter to my Lord to let him know how ill I took his cancelling of my jointure but yet told him I was content to bear it with patience whatsoever he thought fit.
Upon the 29th I wrote a letter to my sister Beauchamp and sent her a lock of the Child’s hair. I wrote a letter to my sister Compton and my aunt Glemham,318 I being desirous to win the love of my Lord’s kindred by all the fair means I could.
The 31st Mr Hodgson told me how my cousin Clifford went in at Brougham Castle and saw the house but did not lie there and that all the tenants were very well effected towards me and very ill towards them.
June 1617
Upon the 3rd Mr Herdson319 came hither in the morning and told me that as many did condemn me for standing out so in this business, so on the other side many did commend me in regard that I have done that which is both just and honourable. This night I went into a bath.
Upon the 6th after supper we went in the coach to Goodwife Sisley’s320 and ate so much cheese there that it made me very sick.
Upon the 8th being Whitsunday we all went to church but my eyes were so blubbered with weeping that I could scarce look up and in the afternoon we fell out about Matthew. After supper we played at barley break upon the bowling green.
Upon the 9th I wrote a letter to the Bishop of London321 against Matthew. The same day Mr Hodgson came home who had been with my cousin Russell at Chiswick322 and what a deal of care he had of me and my cousin Russell and my cousin Gorges sent me word that all my businesses would go well [and] that they could not find that the agreement was fully concluded in regard there was nothing had passed the great seal.
Upon the 13th I essayed323 on my sea water green satin gown and my damask embroidered with gold, both which gowns the tailor which was sent down from London made fit for me to wear with open ruffs after the French fashion.
Upon the 16th Mr Woolrich came home and brought me a very favourable message from the Court.
Upon the 19th I wrote a letter to the Queen of thankfulness for the favours she had done me and enclosed it to Lady Ruthven desiring her to deliver it. Ever since the King’s going in to Scotland the Queen lay at Greenwich, the Prince being often with her till about this time she removed to Oatlands.324
Upon the 20th I received a letter from my cousin Gorges which advised me of many proceedings and showed me the care my cousin Russell had of all my business and within it a letter from my Lady Somerset. I returned a present answer to both these letters and sent my cousin Gorges half a buck which my Lord had sent me half an hour before with an indifferent kind letter.
Upon the 21st I spent the time as I did many wearisome days besides, in working and walking. After supper I walked in the garden and gathered cherries and talked with Josiah who told me he thought all of the men in the house loved me exceedingly well, except Matthew and two or three of his consorts.
Upon the 23rd my Lord sent Adam to trim the Child’s hair and sent the doucets of two deer,325 and wrote me a letter between kindness and unkindness.
Upon the 25th my Lord went up to London to christen Sir Thomas Howard’s child326 with the Prince, my Lord being exceeding great with all them, and so with my brother Sackville, he hoping by their means to do me and my child a great deal of hurt.
Upon the 30th still working and being extremely melancholy and sad to see things go so ill with me, and fearing my Lord would give all his land away from the Child.
July 1617
Upon the 1st still working and sad.
Upon the 2nd I received a letter from Sir George Rivers who sent me word that my Lord was settling his land upon his brother and that the value of the fines I released to my Lord by all likelihood was very great which did much perplex me.
Upon the 3rd I rode on horseback to Withyham to see my Lord Treasurer’s tomb327 and went down into the vault and came home again, I weeping the most part of the day seeing my enemies had the upper hand of me.
My Lady Rich sent a man hither with a letter of kindness by whom I sent a letter to my Lord desiring him to come hither because I found myself very ill.
Upon the 7th and 8th still I kept in, complaining of my side which I took to be the spleen.
Upon the 9th Marsh brought me the King’s Award.
Upon the 10th [and] 11th I spent the time in perusing that and other writings, the award being as ill for me as possible.
Upon the 12th Mr Davis came hither to whom I showed him [the] award, desiring him to make an abstract of it to send down to the tenants.328 Presently after my Lord came down hither, he being somewhat kinder to me than he was, out of pity, in regard he saw me so much troubled.
About this time there was a great stir about my Lady Hatton’s daughter, my brother Sackville undertaking to carry her away with men and horses,329 and he had another squabble about a man that was arrested in Fleet Street. After this he went to the Spa and left my sister Sackville to keep my sister Beauchamp company.330
Upon the 15th at night Mrs Arundell’s331 man brought me a dapple grey horse which she had long promised me. About this time my Lord Keeper and all his company went away from Dorset House.332
Upon the 16th my Lady Wotton came hither on horseback, she and my Lord having lain that night at Sir Percival Hart’s, and so hunted a deer as far as Otford. She stayed not above an hour in regard she saw I was so resolutely determined not to part with Westmorland. About this time my Lord Ros went over beyond the sea, there being a great discontentment between him and his wife.333
Upon the 26th I sent letters into Westmorland and sent to Hugh Hartley’s wife a bored angel334 and to Lady Lower335 a pair of Willoughby’s gloves.336 The same night Dr Donne came hither. About this time Lord Zouche337 went by sea into Scotland to the King and Sir John Digby set out on his long-expected journey to Spain.338
The 27th being Sunday I went to church forenoon and afternoon Dr Donne preaching and he and the other strangers dining with me in the great chamber.339
Upon the 31st I sat still thinking the time to be very tedious.
August 1617
Upon the 1st I rode on horseback with Moll Neville, Kate Burton and as many horses as I could get. I alighted at Sir Percival Hart’s and afterwards went to Lady Wroth,340 whither my Lady Rich came from London to see me. She told me that Mr Henry Bertie was out of the Inquisition house and was turned papist and that Sir Henry Goodyear was turned papist.341
Upon the 2nd my brother Compton came hither. Before supper my Lord came from London, this time of his being here he lying in my chamber.
Upon the 3rd in the afternoon we had much falling out about the keeping of the house which my Lord would have me undertake which I refused, in regard things went so ill with me.342 This night the Child lay all night with my Lord and me, this being the first night she did so.
Upon the 4th in the morning my Lord went to Penshurst but would not suffer me to go with him, although my Lord and my Lady L’Isle343 sent a man on purpose to desire me to come. He hunted and lay there all night there being my Lord Montgomery, my Lord Hay, my Lady Lucy344 and a great deal of other company yet my Lord and I parted reasonable good friends, he leaving with me his grandmother’s wedding ring.
Upon the 4th being Wednesday the King came to Brougham and upon the 7th hunted all day in Whinfell and upon the 8th he went from Brougham.345 Both my uncle of Cumberland and my cousin Clifford was there and gave him great entertainment and there was music and many other devices.346
Upon the 8th I kept my chamber all day.
At night Mr Rands came and persuaded me to be friends with Matthew, but I told him that I had received so many injuries from him that I could hardly forget them.
Upon the 10th being Sunday I kept my chamber being very troubled and sad in mind.
Upon the 11th my Lord went from Buckhurst347 beginning his progress into Sussex, my uncle Neville, my brother Compton, Tom Glemham, Coventry and about thirty horse more, they being all very gallant, brave and merry. Mr Rands brought me a message from Matthew how willing he would be to have my favour, whereto I desired Mr Rands to tell him as I was a Christian I would forgive him and so had some hours’ speech with Mr Rands.
About this time I began to think much of religion and do persuade myself that this religion in which my mother brought me up in is the true and undoubted religion so as I am steadfastly purposed never to be a papist.348
Upon the 12th or 13th I spent most of the time in playing at glecko and hearing Moll Neville read the Arcadia.349 About this time my Lady Roxburgh that had been so great with the Queen many years, being great with child, went to Scotland in a litter.350
Upon the 19th my Lord wrote me a very kind letter from Lewes to which I wrote an answer. Presently in the afternoon I went to Penshurst on horseback to my Lady L’Isle where I found my Lady Dorothy Sidney, my Lady Manners with whom I had much talk, and my Lady Norris, she and I being very kind.351 There was my Lady Wroth who told me a great deal of news from beyond [the] sea, so we came home at night, my cousin Barbara Sidney bringing me a good part of the way.
Upon the 28th Marsh came hither. He told me of a rumour of my brother Sackville’s fighting and many other businesses of my Lord of Essex and my Lady Paget.352
Upon the 29th Dr Carter came hither and told me that my brother Sackville was slain.353
Upon the 31st my Lord returned to London from his Sussex progress where he had been extraordinary [blank] by all the gentlemen and did go with two or three hundred horse in his company.354
September 1617
Upon the 1st Sir Thomas Wroth and his wife355 came and sat with me most part of the afternoon, they telling me a great deal of news of my Lady Carey the widow.356 Duck357 came from London and told me there was no such thing as my brother Sackville’s fighting with Sir John Wentworth.358
Upon the 15th we rid on horseback to my Lady Selby’s.359 All this week I being at home and was sad to see how ill things went with me, my Lord being in the midst of his merry progress far out of Sussex where he had hunted in many gentlemen’s parks then he went to Woodstock to meet the King, and he stayed up and down at several gentlemen’s houses a good while. From thence he went to the Bath where he stayed not above two days but yet returned not to London till about Michaelmas.
Upon the 29th my Lord came home to Knole from his long journey. At this Michaelmas did my Lord receive five thousand pounds of my uncle the Earl of Cumberland which was the first penny that ever I received of my portion.360
October 1617
Upon the 4th came Sir Percival Hart and Sir Ed. [blank] to dine and after dinner my Lord showed them his stables and all his great horses.
Upon the 25th being Saturday came my Lady de L’Isle, my Lady [blank], my cousin Barbara Sidney etc. I walked with them all the wilderness over and had much talk with her of my cousin Clifford and many other matters. They saw the Child and much commended her. I gave them some marmalade of quinces for about this time I made much of it.361
Upon the 28th I strung my chains and bracelets with Willoughby.
Upon the 30th fell the Child to be something ill and out of temper like a grudging of an ague which continued with her about a month or six weeks after.
Upon the 31st my brother Sackville spent the day in playing at cards with my cousin Howard.362
November 1617
Upon the 1st my brother Sackville and I, [and] my cousin Charles Howard went up to London. My Lord stayed behind but went upon Monday after to Buckhurst so stayed there and at Lewes till I came hither again. I left Moll Neville and Kate Burton here to keep the Child company.
Upon the 2nd being Sunday I went to church with my sister Sackville to St Bride’s, and afterwards my cousin Gorges and I went and dined with my Lady Ruthven, where I met my Lady Shrewsbury.363 In the afternoon I saw her Lord there. All this time I was at the Court I wore my green damask gown embroidered, without a farthingale.364 The same day I sent the Queen by my Lady Ruthven the skirts of a white satin gown all pursled365 and embroidered with colours which cost me five score pounds besides the satin.366
Upon the 3rd I went to see my Lady St John. From thence I went to Austin Friars where I wept extremely to remember my dear and blessed mother.367 I was in the chamber where I was married and went into most of the rooms in the house, but found very little or nothing of the stuff and pictures remaining there. These three days was the last time that ever I was in my mother’s chamber in St Austin Friars, which was the same chamber I was married in to Richard Lord Buckhurst who was Earl of Dorset three days after I was married to him.368 From thence I went to my Lord [blank] and so to Whitehall where my Lady Arundel told me that the next day I should speak to the King for my Lady Arundel was exceeding kind with me all this time.
Upon the 4th I carried my Lady Rich to dine with me to Mrs Watson’s where we met my cousin Russell and my cousin Gorges and had an extreme great feast. From thence I went to the Court, where the Queen sent for me into her own bedchamber and here I spoke to the King. He used me very graciously and bid me go to his attorney, who should inform him more of my desires.369 The 4th day King James kissed me when I was with him, and that was the last time ever I was so near King James as to touch him.370 All the time of my being in London I used to sup privately and to send for Mr Davis to confer with me about my law business.
Upon the 5th I carried Mr Davis to Gray’s Inn to the King’s attorney, when I told him His Majesty’s pleasure. From thence I went to Mr Walter’s to intreat his advice and help in this business and so I came down this night to Knole. The next day my Lord Hay was married to my Lady Lucy Percy.
Upon the 17th in the morning my Lord brought my cousin Clifford (though much against my will) into my bedchamber where we talked of ordinary matters some quarter of an hour and so he went away.
Upon the 19th came John Taylor371 with whom I had some two hours’ talk of ancient matters, of my father and the North.
Upon the 20th I came down to Knole leaving my Lord behind me in London.
Upon the 30th I do not remember whether my Lord went to the church or stayed at home.
December 1617
Upon the 8th I was not very well and Mr Thomas Cornwallis the groom porter372 came hither.
Upon the 9th I spent time with him talking of Queen Elizabeth and of such old matters at the Court.
Upon the 10th my Lord went away to Buckhurst where all the country gentlemen met my Lord with their greyhounds. All the officers of the house went to Buckhurst where my Lord kept great feasting till the 13th at which time all the gentlemen went away. This time Sir Thomas Parker was there when my brother Sackville and he had much squabbling. From this day to the 20th my Lord lived privately at Buckhurst having no company with him but only Matthew.
Upon the 15th came Sir Henry Neville’s Lady.373 I carried her up into my closet and showed her all my things and gave her a pair of Spanish leather gloves.
Upon the 22nd my Lord and I and all the household removed from hence to London, the Child going two hours before in a litter.
Upon the 25th being Christmas Day Mr [blank] preached in the chapel and my Lord and I dined below, there being great housekeeping374 kept all this Christmas at Dorset House.
Upon the 28th I went to church in my rich night gown and petticoat, both my women waiting upon me in their liveries375 but my Lord stayed at home. There came to dine Mrs Lindsey376 and a great company of neighbours to eat venison.
Now I had a great desire to have all my father’s sea voyages written so I did set Jones etc. to inquire about these matters.377
1618
[This year is missing in all extant manuscripts, and is not mentioned in any of Anne’s other autobiographical writing or letters. From other sources we know Richard Sackville continued to be favoured at Court, winning £500 at cards in the King’s chamber on 7 January. In April he was with the Court in London and participated in a running of the tilt, which Chamberlain describes as an event that was ‘meane and poore’. The participants included Philip Herbert, Earl of Montgomery, who would become Anne’s second husband in 1630 (LJC, vol. 2, p. 142). Anne’s mother-in-law, Anne Spencer, died in September and this would have ended the financial support for her (her jointure) that came from Richard Sackville’s estate and also ended the threat of her suit for her thirds as discussed above. Anne’s brother-in-law Edward Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp, husband to Anne Sackville, died in October. Anne Clifford had a miscarriage in December of this year. Chamberlain records: ‘The countesse of Dorset the last weeke miscaried of a sonne that was borne dead’ (LJC, vol. 2, p. 198). In her Great Books Anne records that she bore three sons: Thomas Sackville, who was born on 2 February 1620 and died on 26 July 1620, and two other sons to Richard who ‘died in their infancy’.378 The son born in December 1618 was one of these. The dates of the third son’s birth and death are unknown.]
The first of this month I began to have the curtain drawn in my chamber and to see light.379 This day the Child did put on her crimson velvet coat laced with silver lace, which was the first velvet coat she ever had. I sent the Queen a New Year’s gift, a cloth of silver cushion embroidered richly with the King of Denmark’s arms,380 and all over with slips of tent stitch. The 2nd the Child grew ill with a cough and a pain in her head so as we feared the smallpox, but it proved nothing for within eight or ten days she recovered.381
The 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th I sat up and had many ladies come to see me, and much other company and so I passed away the time. My Lord went often to the Court and abroad, and upon Twelfth Eve my Lord lost 400 pound pieces playing with the King.
About this time my Lady Rich was brought to bed of a son, her sixth child. I should have christened it but it died in three or four days.382
Upon the 6th the Prince had the masque at night in the Banqueting House.383 The King was there, but the Queen was so ill she could not remove from Hampton Court. All this Christmas it was generally thought she would have died. About this time my Lady de L’Isle384 was brought to bed of her first son at Baynard’s Castle and within a little while after fell sick of the smallpox.385
The 11th my Lord went down to Knole.
The 12th the Banqueting House at Whitehall was burnt to the ground, and the writings in the Signet Office were all burnt.386 About this time died Tom Robbins my brother Sackville’s man, but he left his master no remembrance for they were fallen out.387
3 Anne Clifford, by William Larkin (1618)
The 16th came my Lord of Arundel and his Lady. The same day I sent my cousin Hall388 of Guildford a letter and my picture with it which Larkin drew at Knole this summer.389 [See Figure 3.]
The 18th my Lady Wotton came to see me and stayed most part of the afternoon with me whom I had much conference of old matters, and of the northern business.
This month died my Lord Cobham,390 he being lately come out of the Tower, he being the last of the three that was condemned for the first conspiracy against the King at his first coming to England.391
The 19th my Lady Verulam came, my Lord Cavendish, his Lady, my Lord Bruce, his sister and much other company, my Lady Herbert, my old Lady Dormer, my young Lady Dormer, with whom I had much talk about religion.392
The 20th came my Lord Russell, Sir Edward Gorges, my sisters Beauchamp, Compton and Sackville, and dined with me and in the afternoon came my Lady Bridgewater393 and much other company, and my Lady of Warwick394 who told me a great deal of good news.
The 22nd here supped with me my sister Sackville, my sister Beauchamp, Bess Neville,395 Tom Glemham and my brother Compton and his wife. I brought them to sup there of purpose, hoping to make them friends.
The 23rd I came from London to Knole in a litter, the Child riding all the way in her coach. I went through the City and over the bridge but she crossed the water.396 We found my Lord at Knole who had stayed there all this time since his coming from London.
I brought down with me my Lady’s great trunk of papers to pass away the time which trunk was full of writings of Craven and Westmorland and other affairs with certain letters of her friends and many papers of philosophy.397
The 24th being Sunday, here dined Sir William Selby and his Lady and Sir Ralph Boswell.398
All this week I kept my chamber because I found myself ill and weak. The 29th in the morning died my sister Beauchamp’s daughter Mrs Anne Seymour in the same house her father died five months before. My Lord came into my chamber and told me the news of my sister Beauchamp’s child’s death.399 The child was opened, it having a corrupt body, so it was put in lead400 and the day following Legg brought it to Knole which day was my birthday, I being now 29 years old.
The 31st my cousin Russell’s wife401 was brought to bed of a son, it being her fourth child, at Chiswick, which was christened in the church privately and named Francis.
About this time my sister Compton was reconciled to her husband and went to his house in Finch Lane where they stayed some ten or twelve days and then he brought her into the country to Brambletye.402
February 1619
The 1st carried my Lord Beauchamp’s child from Knole where it had stood in his chamber to Withyham where it was buried in the vault so that now there was an end of the issue of that marriage which was concluded presently after mine.403
About this time my Lord William404 caused my cousin Clifford to come before the Lords of the Council405 about northern business, so as the spleen increased more and more betwixt them and bred faction in Westmorland which I held to be a very good matter for me.406
The 3rd my Lord went to Buckhurst meaning to lie there private a fortnight or thereabouts.
The 8th my Lady Wotton sent her page to see me, and that day I made pancakes with my women in the great chamber.407
My Lady of Suffolk at Northampton House about this time had the smallpox which spoiled that good face of hers which had brought to others much misery and to herself greatness which ended with much unhappiness.408
The 10th Wat Conniston began to read St Augustine’s of the City of God409 to me and I received a letter from Mr Davis with another enclosed in it of Ralph Conniston whereby I perceived things went in Westmorland as I would have them.
The 13th Wat Conniston made an end of reading the King’s book upon the Lord’s Prayer which was dedicated to my Lord of Buckingham.410
The 15th Sir Thomas Lake, his Lady and Lady Ros were sent to the Tower. There was nothing heard all this term but this matter between the Countess of Exeter and them, at which hearing the King sat for several days. It was censured on my Lady Exeter’s side against them who were fined at great fines both to the King and her. There was spoken extraordinary foul matters of my Lady Ros, and reports went that among others she lay with her own brother so as these foul matters did double the miseries of my Lady Lettice Lake,411 in her unfortunate match. This business was one of the foulest matters that hath fallen out in our time, so as my Lady Ros was counted a most odious woman.412 Sara Swarton was fined and censured to be whipped, which answer was not executed by reason she confessed all she knew. In Sir Thomas Lake’s place Sir George Calvert was sworn Secretary.413
I began and kept this Lent very strictly not eating butter or eggs till the 18th of February. Moll Neville kept it with me, but my Lord persuaded me and Mr Smith wrote unto me so as I was content to break it. Besides, I looked very pale and was weak and sickly.414
About the 20th the King fell into an extreme fit of the stone at Newmarket so as many doubted of his recovery and the Prince rid down post to him. The 22nd the King came to Royston and there voided a stone and so grew reasonable well.415
My Lord should have gone to London the 24th of this month but I entreated him to stay here the 25th because on that day 10 years I was married, which I kept as a day of jubilee416 to me so my Lord went not up till the 27th at which time he rid on horseback by reason of the great snow, and was so ill and sick after his journey so that whereas he intended to have returned in two or three days he stayed nine or ten days.
The 28th being Sunday, the judges came to Sevenoaks. I did often receive letters from Mr Davis and Marsh by which I perceived my motion to Sir John Suckling on his behalf took good effect417 and that businesses went well to my liking in Westmorland by reason of differences between my Lord William and my cousin Clifford.
March 1619
Upon the 2nd the Queen died at Hampton Court between two and three in the morning. The King was then at Newmarket. Legg brought me the news of her death about four o’clock in the afternoon, I being in my bedchamber at Knole where I had the first news of my mother’s death. Legg told me my Lord was to take some physic of Mr Smith so as he could not come from London these four or five days yet. She died in the same chamber that Queen Jane, Harry the 8th’s wife, died in.418 The Prince was there when the pangs of death came upon her but went into another chamber some half an hour before she died. The old Queen dowager of Denmark was alive when her daughter Queen Anne of England died.419
About this time I caused the book of the Cliffords to be newly copied out.420 The 4th my Lord Sheffield was married at Westminster in St Margaret’s Church to one Anne Irwin,421 daughter of Sir William Irwin, a Scottish man, which was held a very mean match and undiscreet part of him.
The 5th at night about nine of the clock the Queen’s bowels, all saving her heart, were buried privately in the Abbey at Westminster in the place where the King’s mother’s tomb is. There were none came with it but three or four of her servants and gentlemen ushers which carried it and a herald before it.422 The Dean of Westminster and about ten others were by.
The 9th the Queen’s corpse was brought from Hampton Court to Denmark House by water in the night in a barge with many lords and ladies attending it.423 Most of the great ladies about the town put themselves in mourning and did watch the Queen’s corpse at Denmark House which did lay there with much state.424
When my Lord was at London my brother Sackville fell sick of a fever and was dangerously ill. At length it turned to a second ague which continued most of the month so as it was generally reported that he was dead.425 About the 9th my Lord came down to Knole and continued taking physic and diet.
The 10th Wat Conniston made an end of reading St Austin [Augustine] of the City of God.426
The 17th my Lord went to Buckhurst to search for armour and provision, which should be laid up by the papists.427 This day I made an end of my Lady’s book in the Praise of a Solitary Life.428
The 18th I compared the two books of the Cliffords that Mr Knisden429 sent me down. The 20th I made an end of reading the Bible over which was my Lady my mother’s. I began to read it the 1st of February so as I read all over the whole Bible in less than two months.
The 24th there was no running at tilt by reason of the Queen’s death which I held a good fortune for my Lord because he meant not to run, which I think would have given the King some distaste.430
The 24th my Lord of Warwick431 died in Allington House, leaving a great estate to my Lord Rich and my good friend his Lady,432 and leaving his wife which was my Lady Lampwell433 a widow the second time. This day Wat Conniston made an end of reading Mr Sorocold’s book of the Supplication of Saints which my Lord gave me.434
The 26th being Good Friday, after supper I fell into a great passion of weeping in my chamber, and when my Lord came in I told him I found my mind so troubled as I held not myself fit to receive the communion this Easter which all this Lent I intended to have done.
The 27th in the morning I sent for Mr Rands and told him I found not my self fit to receive the communion. The next day when my Lord heard I had told Mr Rands so much, he sent for him and told him the communion could be put off both for himself and the household except any of them [who] would receive at the church.
The 28th being Easter Day, Mr Rands preached in the chapel but there was no communion in the house but at the church. In the afternoon I began to repent that I had caused the communion to be put off till Whitsuntide, my Lord protesting to me that he would be a very good husband to me, and that I should receive no prejudice by releasing my thirds.
The 29th my Lord went to Buckhurst, and so to Lewes to see the muster which the country prepared in much the better fashion by reason of their affection for him, which was as much as any Lord hath in his own country or can have.435
The first day in the morning I writ in the Chronicles.
The 4th there was a general thanksgiving at Paul’s Cross for the King’s recovery at which were most of the Privy Council and the Bishop of London436 preached.
The 5th my Lord Home died in Channel Row, who married Mrs Mary Dudley437 my old companion, and left her as well as he could possibly.
The 6th my Lord came from Buckhurst to Knole. At his being at Lewes there was great play438 between my Lord of Hunsdon, my Lord of Effingham,439 and my Lord who lost there 200 pounds and the town entertained him with fireworks.
The 8th there came a letter to my Lord to advise him to come to Royston to the King, because most of the lords had been with him in the time of his sickness. The 9th my Lord went from Knole to London. The next day he went to Royston to the King with whom he watched that night, my Lord of Warwick440 and my Lord North441 watched with him. The King used him very well so that my Lord came not back till the 13th to London. There he stayed till I came up.
The 17th I came to London. Moll Neville, the gentlewomen, and most of the house came with me, so that I left none to wait on the Child but Mary Hutchins.
Sunday the 18th I went to Warwick House to see my young Lady of Warwick442 where I met my Lord of Warwick, Mr Charles Rich, Mr Nathaniel Rich, Lady Harry Rich.443 After all the company were gone to the sermon my Lord came in thither.
This day I put on my black mourning attire and went to my sister Beauchamp where I spake with Mrs Bathurst444 and told her I did both forgive and forget any thing she had done against me and that I had spoken to my Lady of Warwick in her behalf.
Monday the 19th I went to Somerset House and sat a good while there by the Queen’s corpse and then went into the privy galleries and showed my cousin Mary445 those fine delicate things there. From thence I went to Bedford House and stayed with my Lady of Bedford a little while and she and I went to Channel Row to see my Lady Home446 the widow. This day my Lord, my Lord Hunsdon447 and my sister Sackville christened Hamon’s448 child at St Dunstan’s Church.
The 20th I went to Parsons Green to my Lady St John’s, where I met the Spanish friar, that is the agent here.449 This day and the next my Lord had cocking at the cockpit where there met him an infinite company.
The 20th the King was brought in a litter from Royston to Ware and the next day to Theobalds, being carried the most part of the way in a chair by the Guard, for that he was so ill he could not endure the litter.
Thursday the 22nd I went in the morning to see my sister Compton and found my brother Compton there. I was in the room where my Lord’s mother-in-law died, the Countess of Dorset,450 and went up and down the rooms. Afterwards my sister Beauchamp and my sister Sackville came to see me.
Friday the 23rd I went to Blackfriars to see my Lady Cavendish and my Lady Kinloss in that house where my Lady Somerset was brought to bed in her great troubles. Then I went to Denmark House and heard prayers there and this night I watched all night with the Queen’s corpse. There watched with me my Lady Elizabeth Gorges and diverse other ladies and gentlewomen, besides there sat up my brother Compton, my cousin Gorges, my cousin Thatcher451 and Mr Renolds. At the beginning of the night there came thither my Lord of Warwick and his Lady, Sir Harry Rich, Charles Rich, my Lord Carew452 and Sir Thomas Edmonds, but all these went away before twelve o’clock. I came not away till five o’clock in the morning.
Saturday the 24th my Lord went to Theobalds to see the King, who used him very graciously.
This night my cousin Clifford came out of the North where matters went more to my content and less to his than was expected. Either this night or the next morning Sir Arthur Lake’s lady453 was brought to bed of a son.
Sunday the 25th after dinner, I and my Lady of Warwick went to the sermon in the great hall.454 After sermon my Lord came thither to fetch me so we went to Hyde Park455 and took the air. After my Lord came home he went to see my brother Sackville who still continueth to look ill, and is very sickly and out of temper in his body.
Monday the 26th my Lord’s cocks fought at Whitehall, where my Lord won five or six battles. I went in the afternoon to see my Lady Windsor456 and my Lady Raleigh in her house which is hard by Austin Friars; then I went to Clerkenwell to that house that Sir Thomas Chaloner built.457
Tuesday the 27th I put on my new black mourning night gown and those white things which Nan Home made for me. This day Mr Orfeur458 brought unto me two of the tenants of Westmorland who craved my assistance in their behalf against my uncle of Cumberland.459
The 28th my Lord and I, my cousin Sackville460 and my Lady Windsor went to see my Lady Somerset461 where we saw her little child. My Lord went to see the Earl of Northumberland and I and Lady Windsor went to see my Lady Shrewsbury and after supper my Lord and I went by water to Channel Row to see my Lord of Hertford and his Lady462 where we found my Lady Beauchamp463 and my Lord of Essex’s sister.464 Then I went to Arundel House and met with her and talked with her about my Lord’s being made Knight of the Garter.465
The 30th my Lord Southampton was sworn a Privy Councillor to the King at Theobalds.
May 1619
The 1st after supper Mr Davis came and did read to my Lord and me the bill my uncle of Cumberland and my cousin Clifford put in the Chancery against the tenants of King’s Meaburn.466
The 2nd when I returned home I found Mr Hammond and his wife467 here. I told her that she had made so many scorns and jests of me that for my part she was nothing welcome to me.
The 3rd about two or three o’clock in the morning Sir Arthur Lake’s wife died, having been grievously tormented a long time with pains and sores which broke out in blotches so that it was commonly reported that she died of the French disease.468
This day one Williams a lawyer was arraigned and condemned at the King’s Bench of treason and adjudged to be hanged, drawn and quartered for a certain book he had made and entitled Balaam’s Ass, for which book one Mr Cotton was committed to the Tower and long time kept prisoner there upon a suspicion to have made it,469 but of late he was gotten out upon bail and now well quitted. Williams being condemned was carried to Newgate and the 5th of this month was hanged, drawn and quartered, according to his sentence, at Charing Cross.470
This 3rd Monsieur Barnevelt471 was beheaded at the Hague which is like to breed great alteration for the best for this man hath long been a secret friend to the Spaniards and an enemy to the English. About this time Monsieur Tresnel472 came over to condole for the death of the Queen out of France.473
The 5th my Lord of Kent’s474 daughter my Lady Susan Longville and her husband came and dined with me.475
The 6th my Lord sat up playing at cards and did not come home till twelve o’clock at night.
The 7th presently after dinner my cousin Clifford came and sat in the gallery half an hour or an hour and so my Lord and he went abroad.
The 8th this afternoon John Dent and Richard Dent476 were before my Lord Chancellor, my cousin Clifford and John Taylor being present where my Lord Chancellor477 told them that for tenant rights he meant utterly to break them, willing them to be good tenants to my uncle of Cumberland, whereat the poor men were much perplexed and troubled but I gave them the best comfort and encouragement I could.
The 9th being Sunday my Lord and I went not to the church in the morning because Skinne was married that day there to Sara. In the afternoon I was not well so neither my Lord nor I went to church. My sister Beauchamp came hither and sat here and my brother Compton, whom I made promise me to give me his hand upon it that he would keep his house in Finch Lane until Lady Day478 next because my sister Compton might sometimes come up to London. After I was gone to bed Sir John Suckling, Mr Davis and Mr Sherburne479 came hither, and I had them into the chamber. Sir John Suckling was very forward to do me all the pleasure he could,480 and Mr Sherburne promised to speak to my Lord Chancellor in the behalf of the poor tenants.
The 10th Sir John North came and told me much news from beyond the sea.481
The 11th in the morning my Lord William Howard came up to me in my Lady Margaret’s chamber and conferred with me about an hour promising me to do all the good he could in the northern business. This day my Lord went to Salisbury House to see my cousin Clifford, there being ordinary passages of kindness betwixt them, so that he useth to keep my Lord company at running at the ring and going to Hyde Park and those places.
About this time went my Lord of Doncaster482 of his embassage into Germany being sent by the King both to the Emperor and the Palsgrave483 to mediate those stirs which was like then to fall amongst them.484
The 13th I was one of the mourners at the Queen’s funeral and attended the corpse from Somerset House to the Abbey at Westminster. My Lord also was one of the Earls that mourned at this time. I went all the way hand in hand with my Lady of Lincoln.485 After the sermon and all the ceremonies ended my Lord, my self, my Lord of Warwick and his Lady came home by barge.486 Being come home I went to my sister Beauchamp to show her my mourning attire. At this funeral I met with my old Lady of Pembroke (this was the last time I saw my old Lady of Pembroke)487 and diverse others of my acquaintance, with whom I had much talk. My cousin Clifford was also a mourner and bore the banner before the Lords. When all the company was gone and the church doors shut up, the Dean of Westminster, the Prebends488 and Sir Edward Zouche who was Knight Marshall,489 came in a private way and buried the corpse at the east end of King Henry the seventh’s chapel about seven o’clock at night. There was 180 poor women mourners.
This 13th day it is just 13 years and two months since my father his funeral was kept and solemnized in the church at Skipton as Queen Anne her body was this night buried in the Abbey church at Westminster.490
The 14th my Lord Chancellor made an order which did much affright the tenants but I gave them all the comfort I could.
I went to see my Lady of Hertford in Channel Row and spoke very earnestly to my Lord of Hertford in Wood’s behalf491 but I could not prevail and his answer was that he would not pay any of his grandchildren’s debts after his death. This was the last time I saw my Lord of Hertford.492
This night my Lord made a great supper to two or three of the Frenchmen that came over with the Ambassador.493 After supper there was a play and then a banquet at which my Lady Penyston494 and a great many lords and ladies were.
The 15th I went by water to the Savoy to my Lord Carew and spoke to him very earnestly in the behalf of Peter Cooling and his son, for a gunner’s place in Carlisle and received a reasonable good answer from him. The 15th after the shower was past my Lady Dudley which was my mother’s old friend came to see me and brought her daughter Margaret with her.495
My Lord and I intended to have gone home into the country and had sent the coach and horses. About then there came a sudden great shower which stayed our going.
My Lord brought me to Westminster Abbey where I stayed to see the tombs and the place where the Queen was buried in an angle in Henry 7th chapel.496
The 17th my Lord and I and all the household came down to Knole. I took my leave also of the two tenants and gave them gold and silver.497
Within a day or two after I came out of town my Lord Chancellor had the tenants before him and willed them to yield to my uncle of Cumberland at which time he gave Mr Davis hard words.498
The 24th, 25th, 26th and 27th I went abroad with my brother Sackville sometimes early in the morning and sometimes after supper, he and I being kind, and having better correspondence than we have had.
The 27th my Lord, my brother Sackville and I, Moll Neville and Mr Langworth499 rid abroad on horseback in Whitley wood and did not sup till eight or nine o’clock. After supper my Lord and I walked before the gate, where I told him how good he was to everybody else and how ill to me. In conclusion he promised me in a manner that he would make me a jointure of 4000 pounds a year whereof part should be of the land he has assured to my uncle of Cumberland.500
This term there was great expectation that my Lord of Suffolk his Lady and that faction should have been proceeded against in the Star Chamber but their suit was put off till Michaelmas term.501 This term my Lord William Howard put in a bill into the Star Chamber against Sir William Hutton and others of my cousin Clifford’s faction.502
The 31st I stayed at home and was sad and melancholy.
June 1619
The 2nd I rose about four o’clock in the morning and rid abroad on horseback and my cousin Mary503 with me. I was sad and melancholy and at night I broke off a piece of my tooth. Right before the 4th I and Moll Neville rode about three or four o’clock in the morning and up to the beacon and sent into my Lady Selby’s for some bread and butter. This day at night was the first time that my Lady Margaret lay alone, Mary504 having a bed made hard by her.
The 6th being Sunday I heard neither sermon nor prayers, because I had no coach to go to church.
All this week I spent at my work and sometimes riding abroad and my cousin Mary reading Ovid’s Metamorphoses505 to me.
The 12th Mr Herdson came to me. I spent that day in keeping him company and talking of old matters, he being a very sad man for the death of his wife.
The 18th my Lord came down from London after supper from the term. The 19th my Lady Ros’s submission was read in the Star Chamber but Sir Thomas Lake and his Lady refused to submit for which their contempt they were committed close prisoner to the Tower.506
The 20th my Lord and I went to church at Sevenoaks.
The 21st Sir Thomas Glemham married Sir Peter Vavasour’s daughter with whom he had a great portion. The marriage was at her father’s house and private.507
The 23rd my Lord went to London to take up certain bonds, which he did discharge with part of my portion.
The 24th my Lord received the last payment of my portion which was 6000 pounds so that he received in all 17000 pounds.508 John Taylor required of my Lord an acquittance which he had refused to give in regard he had delivered in the statutes, which were a sufficient discharge.
The 25th the King dined at Sir Thomas Watson’s and returned to Greenwich at night.
The 26th my Lord came down from London to Knole.
The 28th my Lady Hatton borrowed my Lord’s coach and went to London for altogether as I think for as I conceive she came not thither to drink the water of the Well but to avoid the King’s importunity for the passing of Purbeck whereof her son-in-law was made Viscount.509
About this time my cousin Mary made an end of reading Parson’s resolution and Bunney’s resolution all over to me.510
The 30th my brother Compton came hither and all his mother’s plate was delivered to him,511 so after dinner he returned to Brambletye where his wife lives with him but with many discontents.
July 1619
The first of July my sister Beauchamp took her journey to Glemham512 where she intends to sojourn two or three years, so as her household is dispersed only some necessary attendants remaining and Mrs Batters came into Kent.513
The 2nd my Lord and Sir Henry Vane played at bowls. This day at night my Lady Margaret was five years old, so as my Lord caused her health to be drunk throughout the house.
The 4th Mr Chantrell514 preached at Sevenoaks, my Lord having sent for him purposely from Lewes to that end.
The 19th my Lady of Devonshire came back from the Wells and dined at Sevenoaks and came not hither but sent her woman to see me.
The 22nd my Lady Margaret began to sit to Mr Van Somer for her picture.515
The 27th about this time my Lady of Bedford had the smallpox and had them in that extremity that she lost one of her eyes. About this time my cousin Clifford’s wife was brought to bed at Londesborough of a son which lived not seven hours and was christened Francis and was buried at Londesborough.516 The same day Lady Rutland and Lady Katherine Manners517 came and dined here from the Wells and in the evening went to London.
August 1619
The 14th my cousin Mary and I had a bitter falling out.
The 15th being Sunday I went not to church at all and I fell out with Kate Burton and swore I would not keep her and caused her to send for her father.
This Sunday my cousin Oldsworth518 was here and showed me those remembrances519 that are to be set up at Chenies for my great grandfather of Bedford and my grandfather of Bedford and my aunt of Warwick.520
The 18th Sir Edward Burton521 came hither and I told him I was determined not to keep his daughter.
The 24th after supper came Sir Thomas Penyston and his Lady, Sir Maximilian Dallison and his Lady.522 The 25th they stayed here all day there being great entertainment and much stir about them. This coming hither of my Lady Penyston’s was much talked of abroad in the world and my Lord was much condemned for it. All this summer Lady Penyston was at the Wells near Eridge523 drinking the water.524
The 26th they all went away.
About this time my Lady Lower was married to Secretary Naunton.525 The 27th my Lord rid abroad betimes in the morning and came not in till night.
This night the two green beds in my chamber were removed. The 30th my Lord sat much to have his picture drawn by Van Somer and one picture was drawn for me.526
About this time my Lord, intending to keep a more sparing house, put away Thomas Waste and Gifford and took in one in that place which was Sir John Suckling’s man.527
September 1619
The 11th I paid Mr Beat 10 pieces upon his return from Jerusalem who told me much news from Rome, Naples and other places.528
The 21st all this week I spent with my sister Compton and my sister Sackville being sad about an unkind letter my Lord sent me.
October 1619
The first came my Lord Dacre, his new wife my Lady Wildgoose529 and Mrs Pembroke Lennard to see me and sat here two or three hours with me in the afternoon.
Upon the 2nd I began to think I was quick with child,530 so as I told it to my Lord, my sister Sackville and my sister Compton.531 The 2nd Kate Burton went away from serving me to her father’s house in Sussex.
The 6th my Lady Selby was my deputy532 in christening Sir Henry Vane’s child. Mr Walter Stuart and Sir Robert Yaxley were godfathers. The child was named Walter.
The 7th Bess of the laundry went away and one Nell came in her room.533
Upon the 10th Mary534 was brought to bed of a boy. The same night I began to be ill.
The 14th came Sir Francis Slingsby535 who brought his daughter Mary to serve me who came that night and lay in Judith’s chamber, so that I mean to keep her continually about me.
Upon the 18th at night the fire dog played with fire so as I took cold with standing at the window.536
Upon the 24th my Lady Margaret christened Mary’s child with Sir William Selby537 and my cousin Sackville and called it Richard but neither my Lord nor I was at the church. About this time the gallery was hung with all my Lord’s caparisons538 which Edwards the upholsterer made up.
The 25th the Palsgrave was crowned King of Bohemia at Prague and the 28th the Lady Elizabeth was crowned Queen at the same place.539 Upon the 25th came down hither to see me my Lord Russell and my cousin Sir Edward Gorges. My Lord made very much of them and showed them the house and the chambers and my closet but I did not stir forth of my chamber. About this time I kept my chamber and stirred not out of it till the latter end of March so as most of my friends thought I would not have escaped it.540
The 26th I kept James Wray a day or two who told me of many old matters and the certain day of the death of my brother Robert.541
Upon the 29th came little Sir Henry Neville and dined here and went the same night to Penshurst. This night the drawing chamber chimney was on fire so that we were all afraid so that I supped in the new drawing room with my Lord. After this I never stirred out of my own bedchamber till the 23rd of March.
About the end of this month my sister Beauchamp came from Glemham for altogether and came to live with my sister Sackville at the end of Dorset House, which end of the house my brother Sackville and my Lord did lately repair and made very fine.542
November 1619
Upon the 2nd I had such ill luck with playing with Legg and Basket at glecko that I said I would not play again in six months.
All this term there was much sitting in the Star Chamber by all the Lords of the Council about my Lord of Suffolk’s business. In the end the censure was given that he should pay fifteen thousand pounds to the King and that he and his Lady should remain prisoners in the Tower during the King’s pleasure.543
Upon the 8th shortly after supper when I came into my chamber I was so ill that I fell into a swoon which was the first time that I ever swooned.
Upon the 16th at night Willoughby came to lie in the Child’s chamber and Penn is to do all the work in the nursery.
Upon the 20th my Lord of Suffolk and his Lady were sent to the Tower.
Upon the 24th Sir Francis Slingsby came hither to me and read to me in the sea papers upon my father’s voyages.
Upon the 28th though I kept my chamber altogether, yet methinks the time is not so tedious to me as when I used to be abroad. About this time I received letters from Mr Davis by which I perceive how ill things were likely to go in Westmorland, especially with Mr Hilton and Michael Brunskall.544
Upon the 29th all the ladies and gentlewomen hereabout being very kind to me all this time of me not being well. This day I received a letter and a box of sweetmeats from my cousin Hall which was brought me by one of her tenants, to whom I gave a good reward and returned her a letter of many thanks. The 29th of November was the last time my Lord saw Lady Penyston at her mother’s545 lodging in the Strand.546 All the time of my Lord’s being at London he kept a great table, having a great company of lords and gentlemen that used to come and dine with him.547
Upon the 30th being Tuesday my Lord of Suffolk and his Lady came out of the Tower.548
All this winter my Lady Margaret’s speech was very ill so strangers could hardly understand anything she spoke, besides she was so apt to take cold and so out of temper that it grieved me to think of it, and I do verily believe all these inconveniences proceeded from some distemper in her head.549
December 1619
Upon the 2nd Wat Conniston made an end of reading a book called Leicester’s Commonwealth in which there are many things of the Queen of Scots concerning her arraignment and her death which was all read to me.550
Upon the 7th I gave Sir Robert Yaxley my sable muff.
Upon the 12th being Sunday my Lord neither went to church nor had no sermon here because Mr Rands was at Oxford. Sir Ralph Bosville dined here and played and sung to me in the afternoon.
Upon the 13th my Lord gave me three of his shirts to make clouts of.
Upon the 14th Wat Conniston began to read the book of Josephus to me of the Antiquities of the Jews.551
Upon the 15th my Lord and I by Mr Amherst’s direction set our hands to a letter of attorney for Ralph Conniston to receive those debts which were due to my Lady552 of the tenants and this day Ralph Conniston went away towards his journey into the North. After supper my Lord and I had a great falling out, he saying that if ever my land came to me, I should assure it as he would have me.
Upon the 18th my Lord came and supped with me in my chamber which he had not done before since his coming from London for I determined to keep my chamber and did not so much as go over the threshold of the door.
Upon the 26th there dined below with the gentlewomen Mrs Care,553 Goody Davis and Goody Crawley. I writ a letter to my Lord to thank him for the pedigree of the Sackvilles which he sent me down.
Upon the 29th Judith and Bromedish aired the furs which were come down from London and I spent the time as before in looking at the chronicles.
Upon the 30th and 31st I spent the time in hearing of reading and playing at tables with the steward. About this time my Lord of Doncaster came home from his long embassage in to Germany.
1 Frances Hatton, after March 1619 Countess of Warwick.
2 Mary Curzon was Anne’s sister-in-law, married to Edward Sackville, later 4th Earl of Dorset.
3 Anne’s husband, Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset.
4 The Golden Age Restored by Ben Jonson, performed in the Palace of Whitehall’s banqueting house with a stage design by Inigo Jones.
5 George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham and favourite of James I.
6 Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester.
7 \The first day … Seal/
8 Elizabeth Cecil, later Countess of Berkshire.
9 Anne St John, related to Anne.
10 Elizabeth Darcy, Lady Lumley.
11 Mary Cavendish. Shrewsbury House was a mansion on Cheyne Walk, adjoining the gardens of Winchester Palace. It reportedly had a room 120 feet in length where this performance was likely held.
12 \Upon the 5th … twenty/
13 6 December and the feast of Epiphany. This was the end of the twelve days of Christmas and a final day of celebration.
14 Alethea Talbot, Countess of Arundel. This event occurred at Arundel House, a palace on the Strand near St Clement Danes.
15 The Golden Age Restored by Ben Jonson. It was also performed on New Year’s Day in 1616.
16 Amerigo Salvetti, whose wife, Frances Colbrand, was distantly related to Anne.
17 Mary Curzon, Anne’s sister-in-law, married to Edward Sackville, later 4th Earl of Dorset.
18 \This Twelfth Day … bore up/
19 Elizabeth Throckmorton, wife of Sir Walter Raleigh. She was often with him during his imprisonment in the Tower of London.
20 \Upon the 14th … Globe/. The Globe Theatre, in Southwark.
21 Richard Milbourne, Rector of Sevenoaks, Kent, from 1591 to 1616. He was elevated to the bishopric of St David’s in 1615 and consecrated in Lambeth in July 1615, but remained at Sevenoaks until 1616.
22 At Knole House, Kent.
23 This concerns Anne’s lawsuit for the hereditary Clifford lands in Westmorland and Skipton in Yorkshire. In the summer of 1615 the Justices of the Court of Common Pleas arbitrated an agreement, the Judges’ Award (and referred to in this diary variously as the agreement, the composition, the award etc.) in which these lands were to be awarded to Anne’s uncle, Francis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland, in exchange for a cash settlement. For a discussion of this lawsuit see Spence, Anne Clifford, pp. 40–58. For documents related to the lawsuit see Anne Clifford, Great Books, ed. Malay (2015), pp. 734–775. A letter from Anne’s mother Margaret Russell to Richard Sackville reveals the extent of Anne’s emotional distress as she asked him to ‘press her not farther to torture her noble heart dried with grief or her eyes and face so much changed with weeping, and we her friends not in such hope of her having children again, as there was likelyhood of’ (Portland MS 23, Letter, December 1615, pp. 66–67).
24 William Cecil, Lord de Ros. In 1606 Anne’s mother attempted to arrange a match between William and Anne. See Malay, ‘Marrying of Anne Clifford’ (2012).
25 Thomas Lake, Secretary of State.
26 Alethea Talbot.
27 Elizabeth Montagu, Lady Willoughby and later Countess of Lindsey.
28 Elizabeth Talbot, Countess of Kent. As a widow she may have married the antiquarian John Selden, Anne’s good friend. He was certainly in her household in 1649, see BL, MS Harley 7001, fol. 212.
29 Frances Howard, Countess of Somerset. She was involved in one of the most spectacular scandals of the period. She confessed to being involved in the murder of Thomas Overbury, who criticized her divorce of Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex.
30 The English card game of Gleek for three players using forty-four cards.
31 Frances Puckering, Lady Grantham.
32 Katherine Puckering, Lady Newton, youngest sister of Frances above.
33 George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1611 to 1633.
34 Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford.
35 Margaret Wharton, Anne’s first cousin.
36 Anne’s first cousin, Elizabeth ‘Bess’ Russell and her uncle John Russell both had tombs in the chapel of St Edmunds in the Abbey, devised by John Russell’s wife Elizabeth Cooke. Anne commissioned several tombs for friends, family and herself, see White, ‘Lady Anne Clifford’s Church Monuments’ (2009).
37 Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford.
38 Anne’s brother-in-law Edward Sackville, later 4th Earl of Dorset.
39 Anne’s mother, Margaret Russell, who was in Brougham Castle, Westmorland. All of the hereditary Clifford lands in Westmorland were under Margaret’s management as part of her jointure (support provided during widowhood). The partnership of mother and daughter in the quest for the Clifford hereditary lands can be seen in their letters found in Portland MS 23 and CAS, Kendal, WDHOTH/44.
40 Francis and Henry Clifford.
41 \After it was … party/
42 Thomas Billingsley: he would remain in Anne’s service and would later accompany Anne’s grandsons to Europe.
43 Sir Edward Gorges. Gorges was related to Anne through both the Russells and the Cliffords.
44 Robert Bertie, 14th Baron Willoughby and later 1st Earl of Lindsey.
45 Mistress Willoughby and Judith Simpton, Anne’s waiting gentlewomen. Willoughby may have been related to the Berties. This family had close ties to the Cliffords.
46 Richard Sackville’s cousin, and a member of the inner circle of Anne and Richard’s household, he appears regularly in this diary.
47 Acton Curvett, chief footman.
48 Edward Neville. These drowned sons were brothers-in-law to Mary Sackville, Richard’s aunt. John Chamberlain in his correspondence with Dudley Carleton gives an account of their death, claiming: ‘They were lost by their own negligence and wilfulness’ (LJC, vol. 1, p. 616). Chamberlain and Anne Clifford shared a number of acquaintances. Chamberlain was a close friend of Sir Henry Wotton whose brother was married to Anne’s first cousin, Margaret Wharton. Chamberlain’s letters are a rich resource for information about the period and are referred to throughout the notes when relevant.
49 It was a private marriage, probably with the blessing of Sidney’s parents and Dorothy’s mother.
50 \At this meeting … known/
51 George Rivers, a close friend of Sackville family and the executor of Richard Sackville’s will.
52 Anne and William shared the same great-grandfather, William Dacre, 2nd Baron Graystoke.
53 Likely the illegitimate son of Edward Sutton, 5th Baron Dudley, with Elizabeth Tomlinson. Anne will later call him her cousin. They were related through the Stanleys and Howards.
54 Whinfell forest, near Brougham in Westmorland.
55 Frances Howard, Countess of Somerset.
56 She received communion this Easter.
57 \This Lent … in it/. Here she refers to the practice of abstaining from forms of pleasure as a spiritual discipline during the forty days of Lent.
58 This was the last time Anne would see her mother. In 1656 she erected a monument, the Countess Pillar, on this spot to commemorate this parting. It remains in place today.
59 The Hodgson family were tenants on the Clifford estates in Westmorland. This Mr Hodgson was likely a servant of Margaret Russell.
60 \Not long … Chichester/
61 This is her daughter Margaret whom she also calls the ‘Child’, born in 1614.
62 This was a strategy to gain more time and to allow Anne to return to her mother.
63 \Upon the 17th … impostume/. An impostume is an abscess. The ague was a form of malaria.
64 Peter Basket, a servant in the Knole household.
65 Richard Milbourne.
66 The Standing, now known as the Duchess’s Seat, provides a good view of the south-eastern side of Knole house and is a secluded part of the garden.
67 Sackville was within his rights to ‘place’ his wife where he chose, so long as it was reasonable accommodation (see E. Foyster, ‘At the Limits of Liberty’, pp. 42–43). This was part of Sackville’s strategy to force her to sign the Judges’ Award.
68 This pregnancy was either not successful, or the infant died before 1618.
69 \About this time … child/
70 This separation from her daughter was another tactic Sackville employed to pressure Anne to sign the Judges’ Award.
71 Craven in North Yorkshire, the area where the Clifford castle of Skipton stood. It was one of the disputed properties in the lawsuit. Anne and her mother lobbied the local tenants to support Anne’s claims throughout the lawsuit and beyond.
72 \My Lady Margaret … married/
73 Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury.
74 \About this time … Street/
75 Likely James Bellasis of Hallrigg, one of Anne’s distant relations.
76 Richard Sackville inherited the lease to a house in West Horsley, near Guildford in Surrey.
77 William Howard of Naworth.
78 \Upon the 10th … sister Beauchamp/
79 Richard Sackville was experiencing financial difficulties during this period, and Anne believed he would limit the size of the household at Knole, perhaps in anticipation of carrying out his threats to remove her from the house.
80 Matthew Caldicott, Sackville’s gentleman servant. Anne had a difficult relationship with Matthew, who opposed her in order to secure his own position with Sackville. This type of manoeuvring was not unusual in large households where favoured servants vied with a wife for position and authority in a household.
81 Cecily Baker, wife to Thomas Sackville.
82 Christopher Marsh served Anne until his death in 1656, and was also her close friend.
83 Robert Devereux, the first husband of Frances Howard, Countess of Somerset. This marriage was annulled.
84 Here Anne refers to Psalm 102.6 from the Coverdale psalter (published in several editions and set as the companion to the Book of Common Prayer): ‘I am become like a pelican in the wilderness: and like an owl that is in the desert’. It is clear this is her source for this psalm. In the Geneva Bible of 1599 the verse is slightly different: ‘I am like a pelican of the wilderness: I am like an owl of the deserts’. The 1611 King James Version reads: ‘I am like an owl of the desert’ (my italics). Anne often used biblical verses as a type of shorthand to express her emotions.
85 Matthew Caldicott.
86 His presence shows his high status in the household.
87 This would mean that Sackville would have control of the Westmorland estates that made up Margaret’s jointure.
88 So Richard could read them if he wished.
89 Henry Compton and Cecily Sackville.
90 Richard Amherst, steward to the Earls of Dorset.
91 A jointure was a legal agreement that detailed what a wife would receive for her maintenance and the maintenance of her children should her husband predecease her. Jointures were often a point of conflict in marriages. Anne’s jointure was finalized in 1623, see KHLC, U269/T70/10, Settlement of the Jointure of Anne, Countess of Dorset.
92 This was a huge emotional blow to Anne and disaster for her hopes to gain the Clifford hereditary lands. Her mother was the architect of their legal strategies from the beginning in 1605 and had also covered most of the legal costs.
93 \Upon the 24th … month/
94 \My Lord was … death/
95 John Mordaunt, William Compton, Thomas Neville, ‘Wat’ Raleigh, son of the explorer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh, Jack (John) Lewis or Lewes.
96 \At this great … time/
97 Frances Howard, Countess of Somerset.
98 She confessed her part in the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury.
99 Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset, was found guilty for his part in the same murder. In January 1609 Chamberlain wrote that Carr was in negotiations to marry Anne (LJC, vol. 1, p. 280).
100 Edward Vaux, 4th Baron of Harrowden.
101 Sir Henry Neville is both Richard Sackville’s and Edward Vaux’s uncle-in-law, having married first Richard’s aunt Mary Sackville (d. 1613), and second Edward’s aunt Catherine.
102 Dorothy Bonham who lived at Ightham Mote, about five miles from Knole.
103 The Judges’ Award.
104 St Michael’s church, Alnwick, Northumberland. Margaret Russell’s favourite brother Francis spent most of his adult life on the borders and married Julianna Foster of Alnwick. He was murdered during a meeting between his father-in-law John Foster and a Scottish delegation.
105 Possibly Thomas Harmon, listed in the Knole catalogue, See D.J.H. Clifford, The Diaries of Anne Clifford (1990), pp. 274–276.
106 \And on the 30th … company/
107 Possibly William Woolrich, husband to Anne Wharton. His brother-in-law Philip, 3rd Lord Wharton, was married to Anne’s aunt Frances Clifford.
108 This was a deathbed change to the will.
109 Margaret Russell called Pickering her faithful friend. George Clifford appointed him as one of the constables of the forest near the border with Scotland. He was also distantly related to the Cliffords.
110 This may be the clergyman Robert Domville, mentioned below.
111 Margaret Russell calls Ralph Conniston her trusted servant, and she made him one of the executors of her will.
112 Sealing the dead body in a lead coffin facilitated the elaborate rituals and burial practices of the elite that often took some time.
113 Christiana Bruce. Her brother, Edward Bruce, 2nd Lord Kinloss, was killed in a duel with Edward Sackville in 1613 which may have been over Sackville’s attempted seduction of Christiana. See LJC, vol. 1, p. 450, p. 474.
114 Likely Sir Thomas Watson, knighted 1618.
115 \About this time … agreement/
116 His lawyer.
117 The Clifford lands of Westmorland which Margaret Russell possessed in her widowhood as part of her jointure. With the lawsuit at a standstill and the Judges’ Award still unsigned, Sackville here attempts to secure the Clifford inheritance in Westmorland for Anne.
118 The Council of the North was an administrative and judicial body that administered the King’s laws in the North. In 1616 the President was Edmund Sheffield, 3rd Baron Sheffield (later 1st Earl of Musgrave).
119 Sackville sought to ensure that if Anne died in possession of Westmorland the land would pass to Margaret first and then, if she died without heirs, to himself.
120 Anne dismisses this gentlewoman servant in October 1619 over a disagreement in August 1619.
121 Richard Amherst, a lawyer and steward for Richard Sackville.
122 A series of straight stitches that produces a geometric pattern often used in place of tent or cross stitch as it took less time.
123 John Layfield, Doctor of Divinity. Layfield was a close personal friend and spiritual adviser to Margaret Russell. He accompanied George Clifford as his chaplain on his expedition to the West Indies in 1598 and wrote an account of it that was printed in Purchas’s Pilgrims (1625). The manuscript copy is BL, MS Sloane 3289.
124 John Walter, a lawyer and later Chief Baron of the Exchequer.
125 The document that would make Richard Anne’s heir to the Westmorland estates after their daughter.
126 Henry Hobart, one of the judges who crafted the Judges’ Award.
127 Here she indicates she has signed the document making Richard her heir if they have no surviving children.
128 Anna Maria of Austria.
129 Louis XIII of France.
130 Elisabeth of France, Queen consort of Spain and Portugal.
131 \This summer … son/, later Phillip IV of Spain.
132 Cecily Sackville.
133 Fleet Street, London. The minister was James Palmer (b. 1585) a reformist preacher, educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge. He was appointed vicar of St Bride’s church in 1637.
134 \Upon Sunday … sermon/.
135 Lucy Harington, Bedford House on the Strand.
136 Mary Sutton, Countess of Home.
137 Northampton House, also called Suffolk House. At this time it was owned by Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk.
138 Elizabeth Howard, Lady Knollys and later Countess of Banbury.
139 Anne Carr. She was born in the Tower of London where her parents were imprisoned for the murder of Thomas Overbury. She later married Anne’s cousin, William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford. Lady Knollys was her aunt.
140 \About this time … saw it/
141 Sir William Howard of Naworth.
142 William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury. He was the brother-in-law of Anne’s first cousin Henry Clifford.
143 \About this time … side/
144 Anne has just signed away her rights to one-third of the profits of Richard Sackville’s freehold property during her widowhood. Women often signed away the right to their ‘thirds’ as part of a jointure agreement. The use of the word ‘term’ refers to the legal year made up of four terms: Hilary, Easter, Trinity and Michaelmas.
145 To Brougham Castle in Westmorland.
146 Ralph Conniston, gentleman servant to Margaret Russell in Westmorland.
147 The body of her mother, Margaret Russell.
148 This would both influence the tenants to support Anne’s cause in the inheritance dispute and diminish the funds her uncle Francis and cousin Henry Clifford could use in legal actions against her.
149 This is the action of the rightful owner of the manor. With this act Anne was attempting to create a precedent that she could later use to forward her claims to the Clifford hereditary lands in Westmorland.
150 Anne is attempting to assert her claim to the Westmorland estates by putting her people ‘on the ground’. Actions of this nature could easily descend into violence as dependants tried to prove their value and loyalty to their lords.
151 Sir Edward Bromley, a Baron of the Exchequer.
152 Augustine Nicholls, judge and later Keeper of the Great Seal for Prince Charles.
153 Bromley and Nicholls.
154 This daughter died in infancy.
155 Susan De Vere, Countess of Montgomery. Her husband, Philip Herbert, would become Anne’s second husband. This infant son died a little over a year later.
156 \About this time … son/
157 Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry, also a gifted lawyer; Richard Grosvenor, 1st Baron Grosvenor.
158 She brought in furnishings and made the bed. This was also the room where her father was born.
159 All his disposable land, but not the Sackville inheritance including Knole, which was entailed on the male and would pass to his brother.
160 \Upon Saturday … expected/
161 Henry Clifford. He arrived with less pomp than Richard Sackville.
162 Evan Edwards. Anne described him as a man with a ‘wise and well-tempered mind’. See Flintshire Archives, letter 1657, D/HE/477.
163 There are no entries for this month in this diary. She and Richard spent four days at Naworth Castle, the home of Lord William Howard as described in the Daybook of 1676. With tensions running high, they went on to York to meet with Edmund Sheffield, 3rd Baron Sheffield, President of the Council of the North, in an attempt to mediate an agreement with Francis Clifford. For a detailed discussion of Anne’s strategies at this time see Spence, Anne Clifford, pp. 55–57.
164 This is likely a Mrs Sandford, from the large gentry family of Sandfords, many of whom were connected with the Clifford family in Westmorland.
165 \Upon the 18th … beagle/
166 Robert Domville, a clergyman.
167 Jean François Le Petit, A Generall Historie of the Netherlands, trans. Edward Grimston (1608).
168 The Pagan Tower is the large square keep at Brougham Castle. It is the earliest part of the castle, built at the end of the twelfth century. From the top it provides spectacular views of the surrounding countryside.
169 Tilting competitions. The barriers were the fence that separated the competitors as they ran at each other.
170 Richard Sackville was a favourite of Prince Henry (d. 1612).
171 Thomas Egerton. His third wife was Alice Spencer, widow of Anne’s cousin Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby.
172 William Knollys, later 1st Earl of Banbury.
173 Edward Coke, the famed legal scholar, also Attorney General and Chief Justice of the King’s Bench.
174 Henry Montagu. \Upon the 4th Prince … place/
175 Needlework.
176 Michel de Montaigne, The Essayes or Morall, … of Lord Michaell de Montaigne, trans. John Florio (1603).
177 Bath, Somerset.
178 The Cheyney family of Kent was closely associated with the Russells, Earls of Bedford, through Sir Thomas Cheyney. A Mr Cheyney is listed as a gentleman servant in the Knole catalogue, and Anne calls him cousin. This duel never took place (see LJC, vol. 2, p. 35).
179 It is unclear to whom this refers. Mary Curzon, wife of Edward Sackville, was alive and well, as were Richard Sackville’s married sisters. He had no unmarried sisters at this time. This may be a false rumour.
180 Evening attire, not bed wear.
181 Anne is walking on the roof of Pagan Tower.
182 Probably refers to Thomas Blenkinsop of Helbeck, Margaret Russell’s ward.
183 One who provisions the household.
184 This would be a household fool whose antics (real or performed) entertained the family.
185 \upon the 23rd Baker … London/
186 This is likely a different servant from the Baker in the previous entry.
187 Either Thomas Hilton the elder (d. 1631) or the younger (d. 1645). Both were gentleman tenants of the Cliffords in Westmorland.
188 This is an outer skirt or petticoat worn to protect a woman’s clothing, or in this case for warmth especially when riding, bought in preparation for her journey south.
189 Roos, near Kendal, in Westmorland (now Cumbria).
190 Edmund Sheffield had as many as nine daughters by 1616.
191 Agnes Wellesbourne and Tobias Matthew.
192 An angel coin, called this because it bore the image of the Archangel St Michael slaying a dragon. It was worth 11 shillings in 1612.
193 \Upon the 12th … glad of/
194 \The 15th day … Bartholomew’s/ This insertion was made some time after the marriage of Margaret Sackville and John Tufton on 21 April 1629.
195 Frances Cornwallis, Richard Sackville’s cousin.
196 Anne St John. Her husband William Howard, 3rd Baron Howard of Effingham, died in 1615.
197 \The child … died/
198 Frances Carey, Lady Manners, later Countess of Rutland.
199 Joan Roydon.
200 Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk. who owned Northampton House.
201 Elizabeth Home.
202 Henry Clifford.
203 Catherine Knyvet, Countess of Suffolk.
204 Elizabeth Spencer married to William, 2nd Baron Compton.
205 Susan Villiers, sister of George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham and James I’s favourite.
206 Arundel House was adjacent to Somerset House and housed a magnificent collection of European art collected by Alethea Talbot, Countess of Arundel during her travels with Inigo Jones in Italy 1613–1614.
207 New Year’s gifts were part of the culture of gift exchange in the period. A standish was an inkstand or pot.
208 Robert Carey, later 1st Earl of Monmouth. Savoy Palace was adjacent to Somerset House.
209 Elizabeth De Vere, Lucy Harington and Susan De Vere.
210 \As the King … North/
211 Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel.
212 \This was the … Northumberland/. This marginal note was a later addition reflecting upon the death of Dorothy Devereux, who died 3 August 1619.
213 Frances Hatton or Frances Wray who married Richard Rich in December 1616, becoming the mother-in-law of Frances Hatton, Lady Rich. Frances Wray would become the Countess of Warwick in 1618, and the dowager Countess of Warwick in 1619.
214 Frances Howard and Robert Carr were at this time imprisoned in the Tower for the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury.
215 George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham and James I’s favourite.
216 Richard Sackville and Philip Herbert, who would become Anne’s second husband.
217 The Mad Lover, by John Fletcher, performed by the King’s Men.
218 Lodovic Stuart, at the Palace of Whitehall.
219 Christmas, His Mask, by Ben Jonson. Chamberlain also gives an account of this evening (LJC, vol. 2, p. 49).
220 Barbara Ruthven.
221 A small room, often off a bedchamber, used for private study and to store valuables.
222 George Sandys, A Relation of a Journey … Containing a description of the Turkish Empire (1615). Sandys was George Clifford’s godson.
223 \The Queen … deceive me/. The wording in this marginal insertion is changed slightly in the three nineteenth-century manuscript copies, and is instead: ‘The Queen gave me warning not to trust my matters absolutely to the King lest he should deceive me.’
224 The Queen’s rooms in the palace.
225 The Chapel Royal at the palace of Whitehall was a separate building and was for the use of the wider household and visitors to the palace. The Queen would also have a smaller private chapel, referred to here as her closet.
226 Elizabeth Drury, Lady Burghley and later Countess of Exeter.
227 Christmas, His Mask also performed 6 January above.
228 William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke.
229 Henry Montagu, 1st Earl Montague.
230 Sir Henry Yelverton, a lawyer.
231 Generally the term means light-hearted banter or ridicule but clearly Anne uses the term here to mean anger.
232 James Hay, 1st Earl of Carlisle and a favourite of James I.
233 Chamberlain records the details of this day and the award (LJC, vol. 2, p. 63).
234 Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester, and his wife Elizabeth Hastings.
235 Anne’s courage here should not be underestimated. More than fifty-nine years later she would record memories of this day (see her Daybook of 1676 in this edition).
236 An acute or high fever, often returning periodically. Anne remembers this day in the Daybook of 1676.
237 William Smith, a gentleman servant at Knole.
238 Anne’s cousin Mary ‘Moll’ Neville who is also a waiting gentlewoman in her household.
239 Mary Neville reads Edmund Spenser’s Faerie Queene. A volume entitled ‘All Edmond Spencer’s Workes’ appears on Anne’s Great Picture now in Abbot Hall Gallery, Kendal. She would also erect a monument to him in Poets’ Corner, Westminster Abbey, in 1620.
240 See introduction.
241 \All the time … Arundel/
242 Baron de la Tour. James Hay commissioned a masque from Ben Jonson, Lovers Made Men, to entertain the new ambassador.
243 Lord William Howard of Naworth.
244 \My Lord … of him/
245 In a report of the event, the King stated that ‘for as the King was to his people as a shepherd to his flock’ he was determined to end the disruption caused by duelling. See NA, SP 14/90, fol. 117.
246 \My sister Compton … from her/. Anne helped reconcile the two in January 1619. Cecily died in 1624 and Compton went on to remarry.
247 This appears to be a summary of the events of 1607 similar in composition to those that appear in the Great Books for 1650–1676 below. This and later entries concerning her chronicles suggests that making yearly summaries from her daybooks was a practice she began very early in her life. These summaries before 1650 have not survived.
248 \He told me … Ancona/. Sir Henry Wotton, wrote to Thomas Lake the Secretary of State on 3 February about the imprisonment of Henry Bertie. Wotton believed Bertie was betrayed by his servant for possessing a book translated by John Pory critical of Cardinal Peron. However, Bertie relates in a letter to his brother, Lord Willoughby, that he believed his imprisonment was because he refusal to sell a horse (Lincolnshire Archives, Lincoln, 8ANC8/16). In the Daybook of 1676 Anne recalls hearing this news which she says ‘did much trouble me’. He was related to her through his grandmother, who was a Brandon.
249 Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford (d. 1621).
250 Edward Seymour, Lord Beauchamp (d. 1618), husband to Richard Sackville’s sister, Anne.
251 Brother of Edward Seymour, Lord Beauchamp.
252 Anne, sister to Richard Sackville.
253 \About this time … upper hand/
254 Children were regularly given ‘small beer’ with low alcohol content as part of their daily meals.
255 Prince Charles, later Charles I.
256 Anne Spencer, Dowager Countess of Dorset.
257 \About this time … curtain/. It was common to darken a room for a child with fever.
258 Most likely Thomas and William Petley, servants listed in the Knole catalogue.
259 Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley. His third wife Alice Spencer was the widow of Anne’s cousin Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby.
260 \About this time … Keeper/
261 Anne kept dogs as pets throughout her life.
262 Richard Rands, who was the Rector of St Mary the Virgin, Hartfield, East Sussex, in 1622. This living was in the gift of the Sackvilles.
263 Richard Amherst.
264 The daughter of Elizabeth Morgan.
265 \The 14th being … God/
266 This progress lasted six months, with the King returning to London on 16 September.
267 Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley. He died on Wednesday 15 March 1617. He was the second husband of Alice Spencer, Countess of Derby. Her first husband was Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby, Anne’s first cousin. Alice retained the higher status of title Countess of Derby despite her second marriage as was common practice in the period, thus Anne refers to her as Lady Derby.
268 \Upon this … husband/
269 Grogram was a coarse fabric of silk, or a mixture of mohair or wool and silk.
270 \This day … clothes/. Anne would later also be criticized during her second marriage for not dressing appropriately for her station. In her funeral sermon given by Bishop Edward Rainbow, he turned her modest dress into a virtue, commenting: ‘that although she clothed her self in humble and mean attire, yet like the wise and virtuous woman … her gifts were so bountiful and so frequent’ (‘A Sermon’, 1676, p. 30).
271 Bridget Morison. The sheet is a piece likely from a pattern designed by the Bridget or at least given to Anne by her. It was common for women in the period to exchange patterns.
272 \Upon the 17th … mother/
273 Adam Bradford, the barber at Knole.
274 \About this time my Lord Hay … chamber/
275 Sir Francis Bacon, later 1st Viscount St Alban, the famed philosopher and scientist.
276 York House was leased to the Keepers of the Great Seal and thus Alice Spencer, Lady Derby was expected to move after the death of her husband, the previous Keeper.
277 Mary Curzon, wife to Edward Sackville and Anne’s sister-in-law.
278 A named chamber at Knole. Robert Dudley, the Earl of Leicester, leased Knole in the mid-16th century.
279 Richard Sackville was required by the King’s Award to specify land as a guarantee that neither he nor Anne would undertake further legal action regarding the Clifford hereditary lands. This was required because Anne refused to sign the agreement. This meant Richard could not sell this land should his financial situation worsen.
280 Edward Lindsey, receiver general of Richard Sackville’s revenue.
281 William Howard of Naworth.
282 \Upon the 29th … present/. This marginal insertion is not included in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
283 \About this time … alterations abroad/. Cocino, Marechall d’Ancre, was murdered with the consent of Louis XIII of France.
284 Forms of property conveyance, through which Sackville would give up any claims on the Clifford hereditary lands beyond what was stipulated in the King’s Award.
285 The King’s Award effectively took Westmorland away from Anne, securing it to the male heirs of her uncle Francis. Here she insists she will not sign the award and accept the agreement. In this way she was able to leave open the possibility that she could renew legal action, in which case Richard Sackville’s lands offered as guarantee against this would be forfeit. In October of this year (1617) he wrote to her: ‘I love and hold [you] a sober woman, your lands only excepted which transports you beyond yourself and makes you devoid of all reason’. CAS, Kendal, WDHOTH/44, letter, 6 October 1617.
286 \About this time … Henry/. Frances Hatton, Lady Rich. This child did not survive.
287 This is significant because it established they were having conjugal relations. This type of evidence was often used to support a wife if a husband wished to sue for a legal separation (the right to live apart) from her. It also established a timeline if Anne became pregnant.
288 This suggests that William Cecil, Lord Ros, and Frances Brydges may have been having an affair.
289 Mainwaring was captain of the Prince Royal that would in 1623 bring the Prince home after his escapade to secure the Spanish Princess for his bride. That marriage never took place.
290 \Captain Mainwaring … Inquisition/. Refers to Henry Bertie mentioned previously.
291 The Most Noble Order of the Garter was founded in 1348 and is the highest order of chivalry in England. Richard Sackville was never awarded this honour.
292 As part of the agreement made upon their marriage, Richard Sackville was allowed to spend a year in Europe. He left in the spring of 1611 and returned on 8 April 1612.
293 William Bradshaw, A Direction for the Weaker sort of Christians … Receiving of the Sacrament (London, 1615). This was dedicated to Anne’s cousin Grace Rokeby, wife of Conyers Darcy, 1st Earl of Holderness.
294 While Anne could not mount legal action to reclaim the northern estates of her father, she would continue to protect her interests in Westmorland through other means, such as these letters to the tenants.
295 It was customary to eat fish during Lent.
296 A game played by three couples. One couple is placed in the middle called ‘hell’ and has to catch the others who are allowed to ‘break’ or change partners if it looks as if they may be caught. When caught the couple has to take their turn as catchers. It could be quite a lively and high-spirited game.
297 \This day … Chamber/, This is a marginal insertion in the Portland MS, but is placed in the text in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
298 Richard Burke, 4th Earl of Clanricarde.
299 Edward Lane.
300 Anne’s mother, Margaret Russell.
301 This is probably the 1602 edition of Chaucer’s works edited by Thomas Speght. Anne includes a volume entitled ‘All Jeffrey Chawcers workes’ in her Great Picture. She wrote to the Countess of Kent in January 1650 from Appleby Castle asking her to thank the antiquarian John Selden for sending a copy of Chaucer to her, commenting, ‘If I had not excellent Chaucer’s book here to comfort me, I were a pitiful case’ (BL, MS Harley 7001, fol. 212).
302 Children of the period were dressed as adults. A picture of Margaret Sackville by Paul van Somer, 1618 (still at Knole), is a good example of this.
303 Jane Drummond, Countess of Roxburgh, Mistress of the Robes to Queen Anne.
304 This refers to the decorating of the rooms not clothing for personal wear.
305 Strings of fabric sewn on to the back of children’s clothing to help guide them when learning to walk. A good example of this is the picture A Child in Leading Strings by Pantoja de la Cruz (1551–1609) now at Boughton House, Northamptonshire.
306 Francis Bacon.
307 A cushion or pad of hair or other material used in dressing the hair.
308 The wife of Edmund Sheffield, Ursula Tyrwhitt.
309 \Mr Ryder … York/ This is a marginal insertion in the Portland MS, but placed in the text in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
310 The 14th in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
311 The 15th in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
312 These were her mother’s books. Margaret Russell was a patron of a number of writers of the period, including Samuel Daniel, Robert Greene, Richard Greenham, Thomas Lodge, Henry Lok and William Perkins. These would also include manuscript copies of works like Boetius’s De Consolatione Philosophia (The Philosophical Comfort) which also found its way into the Great Picture and survives today: see Leeds University Special Collections, Leeds, YAS, Boetius, DD 121 Bundle 118, #12.
313 \This Term … Lord/. This is a marginal insertion in the Portland MS, but placed in the text in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
314 Edward Russell, 3rd Earl of Bedford.
315 This would be seen as a severe act outside of expected norms.
316 Henry Somerset and Anne Russell, Anne’s first cousin.
317 This concerned properties owned by Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford, and a dispute over what property should have descended to Anne Russell through her father John Russell, Baron Russell.
318 Anne Sackville, Lady Glemham, Richard Sackville’s aunt.
319 This could be John Herdson of Brome Park, Kent, who died in 1622.
320 Jane Sisley, a nursery maid at Knole.
321 John King, the Bishop of London. Anne’s problems with Matthew Caldicott would be considered a spiritual matter because he was interfering between husband and wife.
322 Francis Russell, later 4th Earl of Bedford. He inherited property in Chiswick from his father, Sir William Russell of Thornhaugh.
323 Tried on.
324 \Ever since … Oatlands/
325 The testicles of a deer, a delicacy of the period, referred to in Ben Jonson’s Sad Shepherd.
326 Thomas Howard, later 1st Earl of Berkshire.
327 The church of St Michael and All Angels, Withyham, Sussex, contained the Sackville chapel where Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset, was interred.
328 This abstract survives, see KHLC, ‘The Substance of his Majesties Award’, U269/E67. Another copy, from Davis’s abstract by Edmund Langley is CAS, Carlisle, DLons L13/1/3. A copy of this abstract is also present in all three extant manuscripts of the Great Books and contains marginal notes from Anne and later readers. See Great Books, ed. Malay, pp. 772–775. Anne retained some rights in relation to the Clifford hereditary estates because she was the heir after the male heirs of Francis Clifford.
329 Sir Edward Coke arranged a marriage between Frances Coke and John Villiers, which was opposed by Frances’s mother Elizabeth Cecil, Lady Hatton. Edward Sackville joined with Sir John Holles and Sir Robert Rich to kidnap Frances from her father at the request of Lady Hatton.
330 \About this time … Beauchamp company/. Edward Sackville went to the continent to avoid any repercussions.
331 This is likely Anne’s cousin Mary Cary mentioned often in the 1603 memoir. She married John Arundell of Trerice in Cornwall.
332 \About this time … house/
333 \About this time … wife/. Anne will describe this growing scandal in the following months. In 1607 Anne’s mother had hoped to arrange a marriage between Anne and William Cecil, Lord Ros. See Malay, ‘The Marrying of Anne Clifford’, pp. 255–256.
334 A coin with a hole bored through it to show it was all gold.
335 Penelope Perrot, married to William Lower.
336 A pair of gloves made by Mistress Willoughby, Anne’s gentlewoman servant.
337 Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche.
338 \About this time … Spain/
339 The poet John Donne was the Rector of St Nicholas, Sevenoaks, near Knole from 1616 to 1631. The strangers Anne refers to here are people she knows but who are not from her household.
340 Sir Percival’s home was Lullingstone Castle about ten miles from Knole. Mary Sidney (Wroth’s) home was Penshurst Place, about twenty miles from Lullingstone.
341 \She told me … papist/. This is a marginal insertion in the Portland MS, but placed in the text in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
342 Aristocratic women were often placed in charge of large households. Sackville’s continued financial difficulties may explain Anne’s reluctance to take it on.
343 Robert Sidney, Lord de L’Isle and later Earl of Leicester, and his wife Barbara Gamage.
344 Lucy Percy. She would marry James Hay, later 1st Earl of Carlisle, on 5 November 1617. She was related to Anne through the Percys.
345 For a description of the King’s tour of Westmorland and the festivities at Brougham see NPJ, vol. 3, pp. 391–392.
346 \Upon the 4th … devices/. See The Ayres … played at Brougham Castle (1618). This marginal insertion is in the Portland MS but does not appear in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
347 Sackville’s house in Withyham, Sussex.
348 \About this time … papist/. In 1611 Margaret Russell expressed concern that Anne might be tempted to convert to Roman Catholicism. She asks Sackville to ensure that ‘no friend of ally of hers or yours shall resort to her to dissuade her against the religion wherein she was brought up’. Portland MS 23, p. 57. This marginal insertion is in the Portland MS but does not appear in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
349 Philip Sidney, The Countess of Pembroke’s Arcadia (1605). Anne’s copy of the Arcadia, with annotations in her hand, is Bodleian Library, J-J Sidney 13. Her annotations show she read this work again in 1651. See Paul Salzman, ‘Anne Clifford’s Annotated Copy of Sidney’s Arcadia’ (2009), pp. 554–555. Anne’s father also owned a manuscript copy of the Old Arcadia, Folger Library, MS H.b.1, fols 2r–216r. This manuscript is in the hand of Richard Robinson, who also provided Anne with a narrative of George Clifford’s sea adventures which she included in her Great Books.
350 \About this time … litter/. This marginal insertion is in the Portland MS but does not appear in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
351 A large party of the Sidney family had gathered at Penshurst about ten miles from Knole that summer, including Philip Herbert, who would be Anne’s second husband.
352 Lady Paget is Lettice Knollys.
353 This rumour regarding a fight between Edward Sackville and John Wentworth was untrue.
354 \Upon the 31st … party/. Anne would later progress through her Westmorland and Yorkshire estates. This type of display proclaimed one’s authority and reminded the inhabitants of their dependence. This marginal insertion is in the Portland MS but does not appear in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
355 Margaret Rich, whose grandfather was Richard, Baron Rich.
356 Mary Hyde. Her husband John Carey, 3rd Baron Hunsdon, died in April 1617.
357 A page in the Sackville household.
358 Wentworth, described as a ‘person debauched and riotous’ (NPJ, vol. 3, p. 106), took part in an illegal interrogation in 1615 of Richard Weston, whose testimony helped convict Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset, of the murder of Thomas Overbury. Edward Sackville was also involved in this illegal interrogation and both Wentworth and Sackville, along with Sir John Lidcot and Sir John Holles were put in prison for a short time for interfering with the judiciary.
359 Ightham Mote, less than five miles from Knole.
360 It would have been customary for Anne’s husband to receive this portion (£15,000 according to her father’s will) at the time of her marriage in 1609 or shortly after. However, because she contested the will and took legal action to secure the Clifford hereditary lands, her portion was not paid until the legal action was settled by the King’s Award. Sackville agreed to this before they married. See Portland MS 23, pp. 57–58.
361 It was common for ladies to make preserves and other high-value food products which were given as gifts and also used in the household.
362 Charles Howard, son of Elizabeth Dacre and Lord Howard of Naworth Castle.
363 Mary Cavendish, Countess of Shrewsbury.
364 A hooped petticoat made of a framework of (mainly) whalebone hoops inserted into cloth used to extend a woman’s skirts.
365 Pursed, drawn into tight folds or wrinkles, puckered.
366 \which cost … satin/. This marginal insertion is in the Portland MS but does not appear in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
367 This was the London house that Anne shared with her mother for four years after the death of her father.
368 \These three days … him/
369 This could relate to Anne’s intention to claim the hereditary title of Baroness Clifford. In 1628 she would begin a suit to claim this title of honour which was not related to lands and could descend lineally to heirs regardless of gender, see Great Books, ed. Malay, pp. 775–776. A number of manuscripts setting out the case for Anne’s right to the title of Baroness Clifford survive; the earliest is dated 1606, soon after the death of George Clifford. See for example: Queen’s College, Oxford, MS 105; CAS, Kendal, WDHOTH/1/13; Lincoln’s Inn, London, MS 104.
370 \The 4th day … him/
371 John Taylor, a gentleman, was part of George Clifford’s retinue in the North. He was also a tenant of the Cliffords in Westmorland.
372 Cornwallis was Groom-Porter from 1597 to 1618. The groom-porter was an officer in the Royal Household whose duties included regulating gaming within the precincts of the royal Court. He supplied cards and dice and decided disputes in Court connected to gaming.
373 Mary Sackville, Richard’s aunt.
374 She is referring to the cost of food and entertainment.
375 Liveries were the official uniforms of the household of the Earl of Dorset and advertised Anne’s position as a leading noblewoman in the area.
376 The wife of Edward Lindsey, one of Richard Sackville’s household officers.
377 This was done, and at least two copies exist. One is held in private hands, the other is CAS, Kendal, WDHOTH/1/7 A988. Earlier copies of George Clifford’s voyages include Hertfordshire Archives, Hertford, DE/Lw/F74 (1598) and Lambeth Palace, London, MS 250 (1599). An account of the voyages was also included in the Great Books, ed. Malay, pp. 639–655.
378 Great Books, ed. Malay, p. 792.
379 The drawing of the curtains suggests she was in the process of recovering from her miscarriage, as does the visit of the ladies later in the week.
380 Frederick II of Denmark, the father of Anne of Denmark, Queen consort of England. Tent stitch work was a pattern in a series of parallel stitches that are arranged diagonally across the intersections of the stitches and is also called petit point.
381 \The 2nd the Child … recovered/
382 \About this time … days/. Anne was asked to stand as godmother to the child.
383 Ben Jonson’s masque Pleasure Reconciled to Virtue. Chamberlain mentions this event, but says he knew nothing about it (LJC, vol. 2, p. 282).
384 Dorothy Percy. Her husband, Robert Sidney, was elevated to the title of Viscount de L’Isle when his father, Robert Sidney, was made the Earl of Leicester in 1618. Previous to this event, Anne refers to Barbara Gamage as Lady L’Isle in this diary.
385 \About this time … smallpox/. This child did not survive. Anne would spend many years in Baynard’s Castle during the Civil Wars of the 1640s.
386 The Signet Office was concerned with the preparation and recording of letters patent, published written orders of the monarch, granting rights, titles etc. to an individual or corporation.
387 \About this time … out/
388 Margaret Hall, Anne’s relation.
389 A drawing from this painting by William Larkin now in the National Portrait Gallery, London, NPG 6976.
390 Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham.
391 \This month … England/. The Main Plot of 1603 to put Arbella Stuart on the throne. Also implicated were Sir Walter Raleigh and Henry’s brother George Brooke.
392 Alice Barnham, William Cavendish, Christiana Bruce, Thomas Bruce, Janet Bruce, Anne Russell, Elizabeth Browne and Alice Molyneux.
393 Frances Stanley, the daughter of Anne’s first cousin Ferdinando Stanley.
394 Frances Wray, who on 24 March 1619 became the Dowager Countess of Warwick, while Frances Hatton, Lady Rich, became the new Countess of Warwick.
395 Elizabeth Neville, Richard Sackville’s cousin.
396 Margaret Sackville went across the Thames by one of the many boats that carried passengers across the river. Anne would have gone across London Bridge.
397 Her mother, Margaret Russell. Many of the papers in this trunk would go on to become part of Anne’s Great Books. All three extant sets are held at CAS, Kendal. A number of letters can also be found there in WD/HOTH/44. For additional copies of her mother’s letters see Portland MS 23. The philosophical papers could refer to a manuscript copy of Boetius’s De Consolatione Philosophia, see above.
398 Ralph Bosville of Brabourne House in Sevenoaks, Anne’s near neighbour.
399 \My lord … death/
400 It was common to open a body and remove the organs before embalming in order to preserve the body for burial. There was also a clear fascination at the time with the state of a body after death as revealed by this ‘opening’.
401 Catherine Brydges.
402 \About this time … Brambletye/. Brambletye House, West Sussex.
403 Edward Seymour and Anne Sackville, Anne’s sister-in-law, were married in 1609. Edward died in 1618 and Anne Sackville would later marry Sir Edward Lewis.
404 William Howard of Naworth.
405 The Council of the North, see above.
406 \About this time … for me/
407 A Shrove Tuesday (the day before Ash Wednesday) tradition.
408 \My Lady of Suffolk … unhappiness/. Catherine Knyvet, Countess of Suffolk, used her beauty and position in Court to engage in wide-scale corruption.
409 A volume of Augustine’s City of God is depicted in Anne’s Great Picture.
410 \The 13th Wat … Buckingham/. James I, A Meditation upon the Lord’s Prayer (London, 1619). This marginal insertion is in the Portland MS but does not appear in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
411 Lettice Rich married Arthur Lake after the death of her first husband in 1616.
412 \This business … woman/. This marginal insertion is in the Portland MS but does not appear in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
413 The marriage of William Cecil, Lord Ros, to Anne Lake was immediately disastrous, with her returning to her mother shortly after the marriage. In May 1617 William Cecil attempted to take his wife home and a brawl ensued. Anne Lake’s brother Arthur challenged William to a duel but William fled the country instead. William’s grandfather the Earl of Exeter tried to intervene and the Lakes responded by accusing the Earl’s young wife Frances Brydges of having an affair with William (which may have been the case, see Anne’s comment on 8 April 1617 above). The Lakes went further, accusing Frances of trying to poison Anne Lake. Other accusations flew wildly, including the use of witchcraft, and incest between Anne Lake and her brother Arthur. King James sentenced the Lakes and a number of their servants to imprisonment and other punishments. Sir Thomas Lake lost his post as Secretary of State. William Cecil died abroad in 1619 and was rumoured to have been poisoned.
414 \I began … sickly/
415 \About the 20th … well/
416 A time of reconciliation and celebration.
417 Sir John Suckling (the elder) wished to be appointed a Master of Requests, a Crown office connected to the business of the Court of Requests. He was sworn in as ‘master in ordinary’ on 9 February 1619. Chamberlain wrote that several men were vying for this position (LJC, vol. 2, pp. 204, 216).
418 Jane Seymour, third wife of Henry VIII and mother of Edward VI. She died shortly after the birth of Edward (1537).
419 \The old Queen … died/. Sophia of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (d. 1631).
420 \About this time … out/. This could be an early version of what would become Anne’s Great Books, or it could refer to one of the many copies of The Claim and Title of Lady Anne Clifford which outlined her claim to the hereditary barony of the Cliffords.
421 Marianna Irwin, daughter to Sir William Irwin who was tutor to Prince Henry. Chamberlain remarks on this wedding: ‘The Lord Sheffeld in a doating humor hath maried a younge Scottish wentch daughter to one Sir William Urwin, that was a kinde of dauncing schoolmaster to Prince Henry’ (LJC, vol. 2, pp. 220–221).
422 It was not unusual to bury internal organs separately from the main corpse. This served two purposes – it allowed a posthumous presence in two places, and allowed a swift burial to the bodily parts more susceptible to decay.
423 \The 9th the Queen’s … it/
424 \Most of the great … state/
425 \When my Lord … dead/
426 \About the 10th … God/
427 In case of an uprising of Roman Catholics after the death of the Queen, who was a Roman Catholic. Sackville was in charge of military affairs for the area. See his letter book on military affairs and readiness (1614–1624), Flintshire Archives, D/HE/732.
428 The Praise of Private Life (known as Harington MS), CAS, Kendal, WDHOTH/1/21.
429 St Loe Kniveton. This refers to The Claim and Title of Lady Anne Clifford. George Williamson mentions a manuscript copy of The Claim which he examined around 1922 which is dated 1606. He quotes the inscription in this manuscript which identifies St Loe Kniveton as its producer. See Williamson, Lady Anne Clifford, p. 446.
430 \The 24th … distaste/
431 Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick.
432 Frances Hatton, Countess of Warwick.
433 This is a manuscript error carried in all extant manuscripts so may well have been an error in the source manuscript. The Earl of Warwick’s wife Frances Wray was first married to Sir George St Poll, and thus she was the widow St Poll not Lampwell.
434 Thomas Sorocold, Supplications of Saints (1612).
435 A calling together of able men of the region for training and military exercises.
436 John King, See Morrissey, Politics and Paul’s Cross Sermons (2011)
437 Alexander Home. His wife was Mary Sutton, daughter of the Edward Sutton, 5th Baron Dudley.
438 Gambling.
439 Henry Carey and Charles Howard, who was Lord Howard of Effingham 1596–1624. In 1624 he became 2nd Earl of Nottingham.
440 This refers now to Robert Rich (d. 1658), the 2nd Earl of Warwick. His father, Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick, died on 24 March 1619, see above.
441 Dudley North,
442 This is now Frances Hatton, wife to Richard Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick. Frances Wray, who was called Lady Warwick previously in this diary, is now the Dowager Countess of Warwick, because of the death of her husband, Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick, in March 1619.
443 Isabel Cope, wife to Henry Rich, later 1st Earl of Holland. These Rich men are brothers to Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick.
444 Bathurst had charge of Anne’s child, Margaret Sackville, during the period of enforced separation in 1616 described above.
445 Mary ‘Moll’ Neville.
446 Mary Sutton, now Countess Dowager of Home.
447 Henry Carey, 4th Baron Hunsdon.
448 Robert Hammond of Chertsey, Surrey.
449 Diego de Lafuente, ‘Padre Maestro’, confessor to the Spanish Ambassador Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, Count of Gondomar.
450 Anne Spencer.
451 Possibly Gilbert Thacker of Repton, Derbyshire, or Godfrey Thacker of Repton, high sheriff of Derbyshire (appointed 1619).
452 George Carew, later 1st Earl of Totnes.
453 Lettice Rich. She and the child died shortly after this birth.
454 Probably the Great Hall at Whitehall Palace.
455 Hyde Park was a private hunting preserve of the King and Queens of England at this time. James I allowed limited access to it for recreation.
456 Catherine Somerset.
457 There were several elite homes in Clerkenwell Close and in 1619 Edward Burke, 4th Earl of Clanricarde lived there. Anne spent much of her childhood in another house in Clerkenwell Close.
458 Cuthbert Orfeur was Anne’s agent in the North.
459 For a comprehensive account of the dire repercussions of the King’s Award on the tenants of Westmorland see John Breay, Light in the Dales (1996), pp. 111–131.
460 John Sackville, a relation of Richard Sackville’s.
461 Frances Howard, Countess of Somerset. Anne continued on good terms with this woman despite her involvement in the murder of Overbury. Her child is Anne Carr who will marry William Russell, 5th Earl of Bedford.
462 Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford, and Frances Howard, later Countess of Lennox and Richmond. She was Anne’s cousin.
463 Anne Sackville, Anne’s sister-in-law.
464 Frances Devereux, married to William Seymour, who was Anne Sackville, Lady Beauchamp’s, brother-in-law.
465 Here Anne attempts to gain support for Sackville’s bid to become a Knight of the Garter, an honour that was never granted to him.
466 King’s Meaburn was a manor in Westmorland.
467 Elizabeth Barrett, daughter of Sir Francis Knollys of Reading Abbey.
468 Lettice Rich. Her husband Arthur Lake reportedly suffered from syphilis. Chamberlain comments that ‘yt being yet in question among his friends of both sides whether the Lady had them [syphilis ‘the pox’] by his guift, or by her owne purchase’ or sexual behaviour (LJC, vol. 2, p. 220). Lettice died soon after childbirth.
469 John Cotton, a Roman Catholic, and tenant of the Earl of Southampton, was arrested in 1613.
470 John Williams, a lawyer and a Roman Catholic, was connected to the Knollys family through his wife Anne Weston. Balaam’s Ass, printed about 1613, prophesied the death of James I. For a contemporary account of the execution see NA, SP 14/109, fol. 17.
471 Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, a statesman and founder of an independent Netherlands. He served as ambassador to England for a time. He was executed in 1619, charged with subverting the religious and political policy of the country.
472 Francois Juvenal, Seigneur des Ursins, and Marquis de Tresnel, ambassador from France to England. To read his instructions see: Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, Instructions April 1619, MSS 4112, 15988.
473 \About this time … France/. This marginal insertion is in the Portland MS but does not appear in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
474 Henry Grey, 8th Earl of Kent.
475 Susan Grey and Sir Michael Longueville.
476 These are tenants who held leases in King’s Meaburn mentioned above.
477 Francis Bacon.
478 Feast of the Annunciation, 25 March.
479 Edwin Sherburne, Servant of the Chamber to Sir Francis Bacon.
480 This suggests that Suckling believed Anne’s recommendation was key to securing his new appointment as a Master of Requests.
481 Sir John North’s brother was Captain Roger North, a merchant adventurer who led an expedition to the Amazon in 1620. His other brother Dudley North, 3rd Baron North, was a courtier and is mentioned above.
482 James Hay.
483 Frederick V Elector Palatine (1610–1623), later King of Bohemia and Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. He was the husband of James I’s daughter Elizabeth.
484 \About this time … them/. This refers to the beginning of the Thirty Years Wars of Central Europe between 1618 and 1648 that began as a conflict between the Protestant and Catholic states and resulted in the fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire.
485 Elizabeth Knyvet, Countess of Lincoln and author of The Countess of Lincolnes Nursery (1622). The work promoted breastfeeding by mothers (rather than nurses). Anne’s own daughter Margaret would breastfeed all her children and even one grandchild, see p. 135. Anne commended her granddaughter Cecily Tufton for breastfeeding her child: see NAS, FH 4313, letter, 10 December 1668.
486 For a description of the funeral see NPJ, vol. 3, pp. 538–546.
487 \This was … Pembroke/. Mary Sidney, Dowager Countess of Pembroke. This marginal insertion is in the Portland MS but does not appear in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
488 Senior members of the clergy connected with a cathedral.
489 The Knight Marshal of the Royal Household. Zouche bought the office for £3000 from Sir Thomas Vavasour in October 1618 (LJC, vol. 2, p. 173). He should not be mistaken for Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche.
490 \This 13th day … Westminster/
491 Wood may be a merchant or gentleman to whom money is owed by one of Seymour’s grandchildren.
492 \This was the … Hertford/ This marginal insertion is in the Portland MS but does not appear in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
493 Chamberlain claimed that the costs of this dinner were defrayed by Ludovic Stuart, Duke of Lennox, in his role as Lord Steward of the Household (LJC, vol. 2, p. 240).
494 Martha Temple, wife of Sir Thomas Penyston, a gentleman in Richard Sackville’s retinue. She is first alluded to as Richard Sackville’s mistress in 1619. She was described as ‘a daintie fine lady’ by Chamberlain (LJC, vol. 2, p. 284). She died of smallpox in 1620.
495 \The 15th … with her/. Theodosia Harington and Margaret Sutton. This marginal insertion is in the Portland MS but does not appear in the nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
496 Anne commissioned her mother’s tomb in the same style as Elizabeth I’s tomb designed by Maximilian Colt.
497 John and Richard Dent were members of an established Westmorland family: see Great Books, ed. Malay, p. 784.
498 \Within a day … words/
499 Probably one of the sons of Rose Durant and Arthur Langworth of Broyle Place, Sussex.
500 \The 27th … Cumberland/
501 This is in relation to the corruption charges against the couple discussed above.
502 \This term there … faction/. This relates to an accusation by William Hutton that Lord William Howard of Naworth’s wife, Elizabeth Dacre, had been involved in a plan to help her brother-in-law escape from the Tower of London. William Hutton was also involved in the skirmishes in Westmorland between Anne’s servants and those of her uncle Francis discussed above. This accusation was part of ongoing tensions in northern politics involving the Dacres, Cliffords, Howards, Whartons and others.
503 Mary ‘Moll’ Neville.
504 Mary Hitchen, Margaret Sackville’s nursemaid.
505 A volume of this book is depicted in the Great Picture. This is likely the 1612 edition of Arthur Golding’s translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses.
506 \The 19th … Tower/
507 \The 21st Sir … private/
508 This was part of the King’s Award which gave Sackville £20,000 in total as Anne’s portion from the Clifford lands (George Clifford’s will gave his daughter a portion of £15,000). The final payment of £3000 was delayed because Anne would not sign the King’s Award.
509 Elizabeth Cecil, Lady Hatton, was being pressured to give the son-in-law, John Villiers, the Isle of Purbeck.
510 This was a Protestant adaption of Robert Parsons’s Christian exercises. It first appeared in 1585 and was reprinted continually for the next thirty years. Anne may have been reading the 1615 edition: A Booke of Christian Exercise … by R.P. Perused by Edmund Bunny (London, 1615).
511 Anne Spencer, Richard Sackville’s stepmother, died in 1618. She was Henry Compton’s mother and bequeathed her silver plate to him. Compton was also Richard Sackville’s brother-in-law, married to Richard’s sister Cecily.
512 Anne Sackville’s husband Edward Seymour died in 1618. Glemham Hall, Suffolk, was the home of her aunt Anne Sackville, Lady Glemham.
513 \The first of … Kent/
514 Nicholas Chantler was curate and schoolteacher in Lewes, Sussex, before becoming vicar in Udimore, Sussex, a post he resigned in 1614.
515 Paul van Somer the elder. This painting is still at Knole.
516 Henry Clifford and Frances Cecil’s son. A plaque to the infant can be found in All Saints Church in Londesborough, Yorkshire.
517 Cecily Tufton and her step-daughter Katherine Manners who would marry George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham and James I’s favourite, in 1620.
518 Arnold Oldsworth, an antiquarian scholar and relation of Anne’s.
519 Monuments; these can still be seen in the Bedford Chapel, St Michael’s, Chenies, Buckinghamshire.
520 \This Sunday … Warwick/
521 From Eastbourne, Sussex, he and his wife had eleven children including this Kate.
522 Maximillian Dalliston and Mary Spencer.
523 Tunbridge Wells. The chalybeate or mineral springs in the woods near Eridge House two miles from Tunbridge Wells were according to legend discovered by Dudley, 3rd Baron North, in 1606 and quickly became popular because of their supposed healing benefits.
524 \This coming hither … for it/
525 Penelope Perrot and Robert Naunton.
526 Paul van Somer. There are a number of copies of this portrait of Anne in both public and private hands, including at Nostell Priory, West Yorkshire, and Abbot Hall Gallery, Kendal.
527 \about this time … Suckling’s man/
528 \The 11th … Places/. Earlier she promised money to Mr Askew upon his return from Jerusalem.
529 Grace Annesley of Kent.
530 To be ‘quick’ with child was to feel the child move in the womb. Anne was pregnant with her son Thomas, Lord Buckhurst. He was born 2 February 1620. He died on 6 July 1620 and was interred in the Sackville chapel at Withyham, Sussex.
531 \Upon the 2nd … Compton/
532 She stood in for Anne, the godmother, at the christening,
533 \The 7th … room/
534 Mary Hitchen, the nursemaid.
535 Slingsby was the captain on a number of George Clifford’s voyages. He was the captain of the Consent on George Clifford’s 1598 voyage to Puerto Rico.
536 Anne probably means fire-dragons or firedrakes, referring to meteors, and was likely witnessing a meteor shower. See S.K Heninger, A Handbook of Renaissance Meteorology (1960), pp. 94–95.
537 They stood as godparents; the minister conducted the actual baptism.
538 Ornamental fabric under the saddle of a horse, or it can mean the ornamental dress of a man or woman.
539 \The 25th … place/
540 \About this time … escaped it/. This implies that there was concern that Anne was so ill she might die.
541 24 May 1581. Anne enters this exact date in her own hand in the genealogical tree of the Earls of Cumberland found in the Great Books, ed. Malay, p. 562.
542 \About the end … fine/
543 \All this term … King’s pleasure/
544 The Hilton and Brunskall families were well established in Westmorland.
545 Hester Sandys, Lady Stowe.
546 \The 29th … Strand/
547 \All the time … him/
548 \Upon the 30th … Tower/
549 \All this winter … head/
550 Leycester’s Commonwealth (Paris, 1584), a scurrilous pamphlet that was pro-Catholic and attacked the Earl of Leicester. For a discussion of Anne’s engagement with this book, see Leah Knight, ‘Reading Across Borders’ (2014).
551 Flavius Josephus’s history of the Jewish people written about 93 CE. It contains the history of the Jewish people up to the Jewish War. The edition was likely Thomas Lodge’s Life of Josephus: The Famous and Memorable Workes of Josephus (1602).
552 Margaret Russell. Anne, as heir to her mother, would be the rightful recipient of rents from the Clifford hereditary lands in Westmorland up to the date of her mother’s death.
553 A Robert Care is listed as a servant to Richard Sackville in his will.
