The Lady of the North, Yearly Memoirs, 1650–1675

In the year of our Lord God 1650¹

And the 23^rd of January following (as the year begins on New Year’s day) died my second Lord Philip Herbert, Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, in his lodgings at the Cockpit near Whitehall at London, he being then sixty-five years, three months and thirteen days old. And the news of his death was brought down post from London to Appleby Castle the 27^th day of that month, being Sunday. For he died upon a Wednesday and his dead body was buried in the great church at Salisbury² the 9^th of February following by his brother and their father and mother. Job 7.1.³ And his elder brother’s widow, Marie Talbot, eldest daughter and coheir to Gilbert Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, died the 25^th day of the month following after his death, in Ramsbury house in Wiltshire and was buried a while after by her husband William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, in the cathedral church of Salisbury.

This second Lord of mine was born a second son the 10^th of October in 1584 in his father, Henry Herbert, Earl of Pembroke’s house, at Wilton in Wiltshire, which was once a nunnery. His mother was Mary Sidney, only daughter to Sir Henry Sidney and only sister to the renowned Sir Philip Sidney. He [Philip Herbert] was no scholar at all to speak of, for he was not past three of four months at the university of Oxford, being taken away from thence by his friends presently after his father’s death in Queen Elizabeth’s time at the latter end of her reign to follow the Court (as judging him fittest for that kind of life)⁴ when he was not passing fifteen or sixteen years old. Yet he was of a very quick apprehension, a sharp understanding, very crafty⁵ withal and of a discerning spirit, but extremely choleric⁶ by nature which was increased the more by the office of Lord Chamberlain to the King, which he held many years. He was never out of England but some two months when he went into France with the other Lords in the year 1625 to attend Queen Mary⁷ at her first coming over into England to be married to King Charles her husband. He was one of the greatest noblemen of his time in England in all respects and was generally throughout the realm very well beloved.8 He spent most of his time at Court and was made Earl of Montgomery by King James the 4^th of May in 1605 and Knight of the Garter a little after, the year after he was married to his first wife.⁹ But she died before he came to be Earl of Pembroke, for his elder brother Earl William died but the 10^th of April in 1630, a little before I was married to him.

4 Anne Clifford, Countess of Pembroke, by John Bracken (1670), from The Great Picture Triptych (1646), attributed to Jan van Belcamp

This second husband of mine died the 23^rd of January in 1650, as the year begins on New Year’s day and was buried the 9^th of February following in the great church at Salisbury, I lying then in my castle of Appleby in Westmorland. Job 7.1.¹⁰

A little after my second Lord’s death, on the 13^th of February following, I removed from Appleby Castle in Westmorland, to my castle of Skipton in Craven, lying one night by the way at Kirkby Lonsdale, and so the 14^th I came thither, and continued to lie in my said castle for a whole year together. And this was the first time I came to Skipton where I was born when I was the second time a widow, I being then Countess Dowager of Pembroke and Montgomery, as well as Countess Dowager of Dorset. And I did not return from thence, till the 18^th of February some twelve month after. And this was the first time that I lay for twelve months together in any one of my own houses and there I found by experience in a retired life that saying to be true Ecclesiastes 7.13; Psalm 104.13, 24: Psalm 16.5,6.¹¹

And this time of my staying there I employed myself in building and reparations at Skipton and Barden Tower and in causing the bounders¹² to be ridden and my courts kept in my several manors in Craven¹³ and in those kind of country affairs about my estate, which I found in extreme disorder by reason it had been so long kept from me as from the death of my father till this time, and by occasion of the late civil wars in England. And in this time the suits and differences in law began to grow hot betwixt my tenants in Westmorland and some of my tenants in Craven, and me. Which suits with my Westmorland tenants are still depending and God knows how long they may last, but the differences with my tenants in Craven were for the most part by compromise and agreement reconciled and taken up.¹⁴ And while I now abode there was my eldest daughter the Countess of Thanet delivered of her son George Tufton at Hothfield House in Kent the 30^th of June. I accounting it a great blessing to have a grandchild of mine to bear my noble father’s name, Genesis 26.22.¹⁵ And she hath had two daughters since.¹⁶

5 Skipton Castle, by Thomas D. Whitaker (1878) from The History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven in the County of York

And about the beginning of this September did my cousin Elizabeth Clifford, Countess of Cork, with her two sons and four daughters¹⁷ come to lie at her house at Bolton in Craven near to me at Skipton for a month, she that was daughter and heir to my cousin german Henry late Earl of Cumberland. During which time there passed many visits and civilities betwixt her and me, I dining sometime at Bolton with her and she sometime at Skipton with me, notwithstanding that by reason she was heir to her father Henry, Earl of Cumberland, and I to my father George, Earl of Cumberland, there were divers differences then a foot betwixt us,18 but we passed them by as Proverbs 19.11.¹⁹ And the tenth of that month was the first time I saw her or any of her children in the northern parts, for then I dined at Bolton with them. And the 26^th of that month was the last time I saw that Countess of Cork, my cousin, at my castle of Skipton. For then she took her leave of me there and went a little while after to Londesborough²⁰ and so up to London where she and her children remained until about the beginning of September 1652 and went with her Lord and six children out of England into Ireland to his great estate there. But in this year 1650, her husband the Earl of Cork continued to lie at Bolton for some two or three months and often saw me and my first grandchild at Skipton. For the 18^th day of December did my said first grandchild Nicholas Lord Tufton come thither to me and stayed there till the 20^th day of the month following, that he returned up to London and from thence went beyond sea to travel into Italy to Rome, and to other places abroad. And this was the first time that I saw him or any of my grandchildren at Skipton or in any part of the lands of mine inheritance. Psalm 45.16.²¹

And about August this summer did Francis Thorpe, one of the Barons of the Exchequer, and Mr Justice Warburton,²² the two judges of the assizes for the Northern Circuit come to keep the assizes²³ at Appleby where they now lay in the castle some three or four nights. Ecclesiastes 3.

In the year of Our Lord God 1651

The next year 1651 and one about the 18^th and 19^th of February, as the year begins on New Year’s day, I returned back to Appleby Castle in Westmorland (lying one night by the way at Kirkby Lonsdale) in which castle of mine I continued to lie for a whole year, without removing any whither and spent much in repairing of my castle of Appleby and Brougham, to make them as habitable as I could though Brougham was very ruinous and much out of repair. And in this year the 21^st of April, I helped to lay the foundation stone of the middle wall in the great tower of Appleby Castle in Westmorland, called Caesar’s Tower to the end it may be repaired again and made habitable if it pleases God, Isaiah 58.12; Ezekiel 36.33, 36,²⁴ after it had stood without a roof or covering or one chamber habitable in it ever since about 1569, a little before the death of my grandfather of Cumberland, when the roof of it was pulled down in the great rebellion time in the North in 1569.²⁵ Which tower work [was] wholly finished and covered with lead the latter end of July 1653. ²⁶

6 Appleby Castle, from Samuel and Nathanial Buck, A Collection of Engravings of Castles, and Abbeys in England (1726–1739)

And the 23^rd day of the said April two days after, I was present at the laying of the first foundation stone of my hospital or almshouse here in Appleby town,27 for which I purchased lands in the manor of Brougham the 4^th day of February following, and the lands called Saint Nicholas near Appleby the 29^th day of December, in 1652. Which almshouse was quite finished and the mother and twelve sisters placed therein in January and March 1653. ²⁸

And about this April and May in 1651, were the bounders ridden for me in my lands here in Westmorland, which (as I was informed) had not been done since my mother had those lands in jointure till this time. Proverbs 22.28.²⁹

And this summer Major General Thomas Harrison came hither with his forces for then the war was hot in Scotland, so as then many places of Westmorland and especially my castle of Appleby was full of soldiers who lay here a great part of that summer.³⁰ But I thank God I received no harm or damage by them nor by the King [Charles II] and his army who that August came into England and within six or seven miles of Appleby Castle though they came not to it.³¹ And that Christmas I kept here in Appleby Castle (as I had done the Christmas before at Skipton), but by reason of the wars and troubles in the North this summer no assizes were this year kept either at Appleby or any where else in these northern parts.³²

And in this settled abode of mine in these three ancient houses of mine inheritance: Appleby Castle and Brougham Castle in Westmorland, and Skipton Castle or house in Craven,³³ I do more and more fall in love with the contentments and innocent pleasures of a country life, which humour of mine I do wish with all my heart (if it be the will of Almighty God) may be conferred on my posterity that are to succeed me in these places, for a wise body ought to make their own homes the place of self-fruition and the comfortablest part of their life. But this must be left to a succeeding Providence for none can know what shall come after them. Ecclesiastes 3.22.34 But to invite them to it, that saying in the 16^th Psalm verses 5, 6, 7 and 8 may be fitly applied: ‘The lot is fallen unto me in a pleasant place, I have a fair heritage.’³⁵ And I may truly say that verse:

From many noble progenitors I hold
Transmitted lands, castles, and honours which they swayed of old.³⁶

All which benefits have been bestowed upon me for the heavenly goodness of my dear mother, whose fervent prayers were offered up with great zeal to Almighty God for me and mine, and had such return of blessings followed them, as that though I met with some bitter and wicked enemies, and many great oppositions in this world, yet were my deliverances so great as could not befall to any who were not visibly sustained by a divine favour from above. Psalm 41.³⁷

And in this country life of mine I find also that saying of the Psalmist true: ‘The Earth is full of the Goodness of the Lord.’ Psalm 33.5; Psalm 104.24; Psalm 119.64.³⁸

The 29^th of December in this year did I sign and seal a patent to Mr Thomas Gabetis to be my deputy sheriff for the county of Westmorland for the execution of which office he had the Council of State’s order³⁹ for his approbation bearing date the 21^st of November before.

7 Brougham Castle, from Samuel and Nathanial Buck, A Collection of Engravings of Castles, and Abbeys in England (1726–1739)

In the year of our Lord God 1652

The 24^th of February in 1652 as the year begins on New Year’s day did I remove from this Appleby, lying one night by the way at Kirkby Lonsdale, and the next day being the 25^th I came to Skipton Castle after I had lain in the said castle in Westmorland a year and four days over. And when I now returned to Skipton I continued to lie in my own chamber there till the 29^th of November following, when I returned to Appleby again. So as I stayed this time at Skipton nine months and odd days.

The 19^th of this May did my grandchild Mr John Tufton, second son to my eldest daughter and her Lord the Earl of Thanet, come down hither to me, which was the first time I saw him at Skipton. And here in Craven and in Westmorland he continued to lie till the 28^th day of March in 1653, on which day he went from Appleby Castle into the South to see his father and mother and so to Eton College⁴⁰ there to study for some time and to live as a scholar.

The 17^th of this July being Saturday died Edward Sackville, Earl Sackville, Earl of Dorset, in Great Dorset House in London and he was buried within a while after in the vault in Withyham church in Sussex by his wife and his eldest brother, my first Lord and many of their ancestors. Of whose death Mr Christopher Marsh brought me word to Skipton the four and twentieth day of that month when he then came to lie there in my family41 till the 30^th day of September following. Which Edward Sackville of Dorset was the most bitter and earnest enemy to me that ever I had, but Almighty God delivered me most miraculously from all his crafty devices as Deuteronomy 23.5⁴² for without the merciful power of that God it had been impossible for me to have escaped them as Psalm 18.42; 43, 47, 48; Psalm 116.8; Psalm 124; Isaiah 13.2; Job 28.3; Psalm 92.2.⁴³ And now on this 24^th day of July did Mr George Sedgewick⁴⁴ come hither from London to me to serve me as my secretary and one of my chief officers. ⁴⁵

On the 2^nd day of August this year was born the Lady Mary Tufton, my grandchild, in her father the Earl of Thanet’s house of Hothfield in Kent (she being the eleventh child to her mother) so as I accompted myself happy to have a grandchild of mine of that blessed name. Luke 1.48.⁴⁶

And in the month of August in this year did Judge Puleston and Serjeant Parker come to Appleby Castle to keep the assizes there in their Northern Circuit where they now lay some four or five nights together at my charge, myself and my family then lying in my castle of Skipton in Craven. Ecclesiastes 3.

And it was about the 8^th day of September did my cousin, the Countess of Cork, with her six children go from Bristol over sea into Ireland to Lismore and Cork and those places in Munster to her husband Richard, Earl of Cork, who went thither a few months before her. But in the year 1656 she came with her two sons and daughter Elizabeth into England again for a while and left her two sons at Queen’s College in the University of Oxford to study there for a time, herself and her daughter Elizabeth going over sea into Ireland again in October in the same year to her husband the Earl of Cork. 47

The 6^th of November was my cause in Chancery between me and my tenants in Westmorland dismissed out of that court and I was left to my remedy at Common Law, to which business God send some good conclusion for it hath been both chargeable and troublesome unto me.

And the 29^th of this month of November I with my grandchild Mr John Tufton⁴⁸ and my family came from Skipton lying one night by the way at Kirkby Lonsdale and so the next day we came into Appleby Castle, where this grandchild and I kept our Christmas this year, and this was the first time that any of my grandchildren were with me in Westmorland. Psalm 123.⁴⁹

The numerousness of my posterity, and all other benefits whatsoever, I believe were bestowed upon me for the heavenly goodness of my dear mother whose fervent prayers were offered up with great zeal to Almighty God for me and mine and had such a return of blessings followed them, as that though I met with some wicked and bitter enemies and many great oppositions in this world, yet were my deliverances so great as could not befall to any that were not visibly sustained by a divine favour from above, Psalm 41.⁵⁰ And in this country life of mine I find that saying of the Psalmist true: ‘The Earth is full of the goodness of the Lord.’ Psalm 33.5; Psalm 104.24; Psalm 119.64.⁵¹

In the year of Our Lord God 1653

In the beginning of this year 1653, as the year begins on New Year’s day, did I cause several courts to be kept in my name in divers of my manors within this county of Westmorland. But the tenants being obstinate and refractory, though they appeared, would not answer as they were called. And also many leases of enactment did I cause to be sealed in this county in order to a trial with my tenants at common law. God send them good success. Isaiah 30.21.52

And the 30^th day of this January (being my birthday) did I pass my climacterically year of sixty-three⁵³ the year amongst physicians accompted so remarkable. Psalm 123.

The 28^th of this March, my grandchild⁵⁴ went from Appleby Castle to York from thence to London and so to Hothfield in Kent, to see his father and mother, brothers and sisters and within a while after to Eton College there to study, where he now remained from the 25^th of April for the most part, till the 5^th of July in the year following that he went to Skipton, and from thence to Oxford, the 2^nd of August to be a student there.

And in the beginning of this year was my almshouse here at Appleby quite finished, which had been almost two years abuilding. So as I now put in to it twelve poor women, eleven of them being widows and the twelfth a maimed maid, and a mother, a deceased minister’s widow.⁵⁵ Some of whom I put into the said house in December and the rest in January and the beginning of March following. Luke 7.5; Psalm 116.12–14.⁵⁶

The 27^th of this May was my youngest daughter the Countess of Northampton⁵⁷ delivered of her second child, which was also a son⁵⁸ in her Lord’s house called Canonbury [Tower] by Islington near London who was christened there the next day after by the name of William, I lying then in my castle here at Appleby in Westmorland. The birth of which child I account as an extraordinary great blessing and seal of God’s mercies to me and mine. Jeremiah 29.6 the latter part of it; 30.19; Genesis 1.28; 26.22; Psalm 116.12–14.59 But he died to my great grief and sorrow the 18^th day of September 1661 in his father the Earl of Northampton’s house in Northamptonshire called Castle Ashby.⁶⁰

The 15^th of June following did her husband James Compton, Earl of Northampton, come from his journey from London, over Stainmore to my castle of Appleby to me. Where he now lay in the Baron’s Chamber for the most part till the 29^th of the same month (excepting two nights that he went to Carlyle and Naworth Castle and those parts). And the 15^th of this month was the first time that I saw him or any son-in-law of mine here in Westmorland or in any parts of mine inheritance. And the 29^th day of this month, when he went from hence he went into my house or castle of Skipton and into my decayed house of Barden, into my lordship of Silsden⁶¹ and the most remarkable places of my inheritance in Craven. And the 2^nd day of the month following he went away from thence toward his house at Islington by London⁶² and came thither to his wife about ten days after. Ecclesiastes 3; 8.6.⁶³

The 25^th day of this June died at her house in Rainham in Kent, Frances Cecil Countess Dowager of Thanet, daughter to Thomas, Earl of Exeter, who was mother to my son–in-law, the Earl of Thanet. And she was buried a little after at Rainham church in Kent by her husband Nicholas, Earl of Thanet, and her grandchild and mine the Lady Anne Tufton. Job 7.1; Ecclesiastes 3; 8.6.

The 18^th of July was my grandchild the Lady Margaret Tufton married in her father’s house in Aldersgate Street in London to Mr George Coventry, eldest son to Thomas, Lord Coventry, whose father Thomas, Lord Coventry, was Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England. And she went from thence about ten days after her marriage with her husband and his father down into the country to their house at Croome in Worcestershire to live there with them. Which marriage I accounted as a great blessing of God Almighty to me and mine. Psalm 116.12–14; Psalm 68.18.64

About the latter end also of this July was the great tower here at Appleby called Caesar’s Tower covered with lead, which had lain open and uncovered as a ruinous place ever since the year of our Lord 1569 (being the year before my grandfather of Cumberland died)⁶⁵ till this time. The middle wall of which tower and repairing of it I began in April the year 1651 and finished now. Isaiah 58.12; Ezekiel 36.33, 36. And in this year about the beginning of March was my new stables begun to be built without the castle and adjoining to the barn, built there about two years since by my directions where there never was any building before. Proverbs 20.24.

The 17^th day of August did Judge Puleston and Judge Parker come hither and lay in Appleby Castle for five nights and kept the assizes here in the moot hall.⁶⁶ So as on the 20^th day the cause between me and my Westmorland tenants came before Judge Parker, but was dismissed by reason of a general exception taken against most of the jurors. And the 22^nd day these judges went away from hence towards Lancaster. And this was the first time that I lay in Appleby Castle when there was an assize held here, Ecclesiastes 8.6.

And about the time of the keeping of these assizes did my cousin, Philip, Lord Wharton, with his now second wife⁶⁷ and his eldest daughter by his first wife⁶⁸ and his brother Sir Thomas Wharton and his wife⁶⁹ and their mother the Lady Philadelphia Wharton⁷⁰ the widow come to lie for a few nights in Wharton Hall in Westmorland. So as I went to them to Wharton and they came hither to me to Appleby. And this was the first time that I saw any of them here in Westmorland. Ecclesiastes 3.

The 1^st day of September following did my son-in-law, the Earl of Thanet and my daughter his wife and their eldest son Nicholas Lord Tufton come from London over Stainmore hither to Appleby Castle to me where they continued to lie eleven nights together, my daughter and her Lord in the chamber under the Drawing Room and my Lord Tufton in the Baron’s Chamber, this being the first time that this first child of mine or her Lord or any of my own children came to me into Westmorland or into any part of the lands of mine inheritance, excepting her second son John Tufton who had been with me in Westmorland before last year. Psalm 116.12–14; Psalm 45.16.

And the 7^th day of this month I went with them into Brougham Castle and into Whinfell, it being the first time they were ever in those places. So as now I had the happiness to see this first child of mine and her first child her eldest son in the chamber where my father was born and my blessed mother died. Psalm 16.5–7.71

And the 12^th day of this September my daughter of Thanet and her Lord and their eldest son went away from me out of Appleby Castle in Westmorland into Worcestershire, passing thorough Lancashire and those parts so through the city of Worcester unto their daughter⁷² at the Lord Coventry’s house at Croome in that county. So as they came thither the 17^th day of this month and lay there nine nights as they were in their journey towards London and their house of Hothfield in Kent,⁷³ this being the first time that any child of mine came into Worcestershire, or so near the River Severn. Ecclesiastes 8.6; Psalm 116.12–14.

The 9^th day of November following (being Wednesday) came my cause between me and my Westmorland tenants to be heard at the Common Pleas bar⁷⁴ in Westminster before three of the judges of that court, Puleston, Atkins,⁷⁵ and Warburton, in the case of Skayfe of Stainmore,⁷⁶ which was given against me by the jury against evidence, direction of court and the judgement of all that hear the same debated. Psalm 7.9.⁷⁷

The 9^th day of December I removed from Appleby Castle into Brougham Castle in Westmorland where I continued to lie in the chamber where my father was born and my blessed mother died, till the 11^th of April following that I removed from thence to Skipton. And I had not lain in this Brougham Castle in thirty-seven years till now, for the 9^th of December in 1616 (when I was then married to Richard Earl of Dorset) I went out of it up towards London to him and never lay in it after till this night. In which long time I past through many strange and hard fortunes in the sea of this world for as I may well apply that saying to myself: Psalm 107 and Psalm 109.27.78 And the repairing of this Brougham Castle, which had lain as it were ruinous and desolated ever since King James his lying in it in 1617 till I made it lately habitable causing me now to apply to myself that saying in Isaiah 58.12; Ezekiel 36.28, 33, 36,⁷⁹ as also in my repairs of the great tower called Caesar’s Tower at Appleby.

And in this year also was built and finished at my own charge a new water corn mill (which was begun to be erected there the year before) within my manor of Silsden in Craven in High Holden, not far from the place where the windmill formerly stood, that was built there by my ancestors. Psalm 121.⁸⁰

In the year of Our Lord God 1654

The 18^th of March in 1654 (as the year begins on New Year’s day) died in one of the new built houses in Queen’s Street [London] Mary Beaumont, Countess Dowager of Northampton, mother to my son-in-law James Compton, Earl of Northampton. And she was buried a while after in Compton church in Warwickshire, Job 7.1; Ecclesiastes 3; 8.6.

And the 11^th of April I removed from Brougham Castle in Westmorland and lay one night by the way at Kirkby Lonsdale and came the next day (being the 12^th) to Skipton to lie here again in it after I had lain in Westmorland without removing out of that county for a year and four months. And so I now continued to lie here in the Round room, where I used to lie, till the 2^nd day of August following that I came back again into Westmorland. Proverbs 20.24; Ecclesiastes 3.

The 26^th day of May did my daughter of Northampton and her Lord and their little son the Lord William Compton, come hither to me to Skipton where they now continued to lie for a while in this house or castle of mine, my daughter and her Lord in the Round Chamber above mine and the little Lord in the chamber next to the Old Castle. So this 26^th day was the first time that ever I saw my daughter of Northampton or her Lord or their child here at Skipton, and the first time that I ever saw this younger daughter of mine or any child of hers in any of the lands of mine inheritance, which gave me occasion to apply myself to that saying of Israel unto Joseph, Genesis, for I never saw any child of hers till now, Genesis 48.11; 81 Proverbs 20.24. And he wanted but a day of a year old when I first saw this grandchild of mine. And his father’s second brother, Sir Charles Compton, came hither now with them. Isaiah 21.16.⁸²

And the 5^th day of June following I went with my daughter of Northampton and her Lord into my mother’s almshouse at Beamsley⁸³ and into my Lady of Cork’s house at Bolton (though she herself was then in Ireland) and into my decayed tower of Barden, it being the first time that ever I was in any of those places with any child of my own. Psalm 116.12–14.

And the 8^th day of this month was my grandchild the little Lord Compton carried away from hence by his nurse that gave him suck (who was born in Scotland) to Otley where he lay this one night and where the next day his father and his mother overtook him. Proverbs 20.24.

For the 9^th day of this month my youngest daughter and her Lord and his brother Sir Charles Compton went away from me from Skipton Castle, to Otley and so took the child away with them to York, for there they lay one night in their journey homeward and they came well (I thank God) the 17^th day to their house of Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire, Ecclesiastes 8.6.⁸⁴

The 22^nd of this month was my daughter of Thanet delivered of Lady Anne Tufton, her sixth daughter and twelfth child and second of that name,85 at Hothfield House in Kent. And the 5^th of July following did her son, my grandchild John Tufton, come from Eton College, from studying there to Skipton, to me for a little while, from whence he went immediately up to Oxford and was settled there in Queen’s College, the 2^nd of August following. Isaiah 58.12; Ezekiel 36.33, 36.⁸⁶

The 2^nd day of this August I and my family removed from my house and castle of Skipton in Craven unto Kirkby Lonsdale where I lay in the inn there all night. And the next day (being the 3^rd) I came into Appleby Castle in Westmorland after I had lain there in Skipton Castle from the 12^th day of April last till now. And I returned to lie in Appleby Castle till the 25^th of this month that I removed into Brougham Castle. Ecclesiastes 8.6; Psalm 121.

And while I now lay in Appleby Castle did the two judges, Hugh Windham and Richard Newdigate,⁸⁷ come hither in their circuit where they now lay five nights together, Judge Newdigate in the Baron’s Chamber and Judge Windham in the great tower called Caesar’s Tower, this being the first time that any of the judges or any person of note or quality lay there since I lately repaired it to my exceeding great cost and charge. Ecclesiastes 8.6.

And the 12^th day, while these judges now lay here was my cause between me and my Westmorland tenants heard in the moot hall in Appleby before Judge Newdigate, where it was conceived I had a reasonable good success having obtained a special verdict against them, though my tenants still persisted in their wilful refractoriness and obstinacy against me. Job 5.12–15.

The 25^th day of this month being Friday I removed from Appleby Castle with my family into my castle of Brougham in Westmorland where I now continued to lie till the 8^th day of January following when I removed from thence back again into Appleby Castle, I having time now in this private life of mine at Brougham to contemplate the great mercies of God in delivering me from so many evils as I had passed over and crowning me with his blessings, in this my old age, to live happily and peaceably in these ancient places of my inheritance. Isaiah 26.8, 9.88

And whilst I now lay here in Brougham Castle in my own chamber where my father was born and my mother died, I had the joyful news how that on the 2^nd day of this September (being Saturday) my grandchild the Lady Margaret Coventry, wife to Mr George Coventry, was delivered of her first child, which was a son, in her father-in-law the Lord Coventry’s house of Croome in Worcestershire, which child was christened there the 17^th day following (being Sunday) by the name of John.⁸⁹ This being the first child that made me a great-grandmother, which I accompt as a great blessing of God. Psalm 116.11–15. And my daughter of Thanet was there at the birth and christening of this first grandchild of hers, so as he sucked the milk of her breast many times, she having there with her now youngest child the Lady Anne Tufton being about nine weeks old. But my grandchild the Lady Margaret Coventry, after my daughter of Thanet’s departure from Croome, gave this child of hers suck herself as her mother had done to most of her children.⁹⁰ Jeremiah 29.6 the latter part of it; 30.19.

In the year of Our Lord God 1655

The 8^th day of January in 1655 (as the year begins on New Year’s day) I removed from Brougham Castle with my family to my castle of Appleby in Westmorland again and lay in it till the 18^th of September following, and then I removed to Skipton. Ecclesiastes 3; 8.6. In which time on the 10^th day of August did two judges of the assize, the Lord Chief Baron Steele⁹¹ and Sergeant John Parker, come hither to Appleby to meet in their circuit and lay here in Appleby Castle six nights together and kept the assizes in the town, I lying then with my family in Appleby Castle, Ecclesiastes 3; Proverbs 20.24.

The 18^th day of September following I removed again with my family out of Appleby Castle in Westmorland towards Skipton Castle in Craven (lying all night by the way at Kirkby Lonsdale) and came safe thither the 19^th, I having not been in the castle of Skipton since the 2^nd day of August till now. So I lay then in my said castle of Skipton till the 1^st day of August next following, which was about six months and ten days over, at which time I removed the said 1^st of August 1656 out of my said castle of Skipton towards Brougham Castle in Westmorland to lie there in it for a while (lying all night by the way in the inn at Kirkby Lonsdale). So as I continued to lie in my said castle of Brougham till the 2^nd of October following, at which time I with my family removed to Appleby Castle in Westmorland. Ecclesiastes 3; Psalm 123.

About the tenth of this March in this year 1655 as the year begins on New Year’s day, while I lay in Appleby Castle, did I cause a great part of Appleby church to be taken down (it being very ruinous and in danger of falling of itself) and so I caused a vault to be made in the north-east corner of the church for myself to be buried in, if it please God.92 And the repairing of the said church cost me about some six or seven hundred pounds (being finished the year following). Ecclesiastes 3; Psalm 116.12–14.

And about the 20^th of this March was my first grandchild, the Lord Nicholas Tufton, sent as a prisoner into the Tower of London by command of the Lord Protector and his Council upon suspicion that he had a hand in the late plot.⁹³ So as this grandchild of mine continued to lie in it as a prisoner nine months and four days. For the 24^th of December following he was enlarged out of his imprisonment in the said Tower of London and went home to his father and mother again, this being the first time of his imprisonment in that Tower, notwithstanding he was committed again to the same Tower as a prisoner, the 11^th or 12^th of September in the year following. Psalm 105.19.⁹⁴

The 16^th day of this April was my grandchild the Lady Frances Tufton sent from her father and mother from their house in Aldersgate Street in London over sea unto Utrecht in Holland to be cured of the rickets, which she had in great extremity, where she remained in that city of Utrecht till about the 8^th or 9^th of May in 1657. At which time she came over in a Dutch man of war to Gravesend⁹⁵ when she and her brother John Tufton, with George Sedgewick⁹⁶ his governor and others in their company, came back to their father’s house in Aldersgate Street at London to their father and mother, Ecclesiastes 8.6.

And the 14^th of this July when I now lay in this Appleby Castle was my daughter of Northampton delivered of her third child, the Lady Anne Compton, who was her first daughter, in her Lord’s house at Canonbury near Islington by London. Jeremiah 29.6 the latter part of it; 30.19 the latter part of it. Which Lady Anne Compton died in her father’s house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields at London the 15^th day of December in 1660. I then also lying in Appleby Castle in Westmorland. 97

And this summer by my appointment was the wall of the little park at Appleby made new and higher round about save only towards the waterside. Psalm 90.17.⁹⁸ This summer also though I lay in Appleby Castle in Westmorland yet by my appointment and at my own charge was the steeple of Skipton church on the east and north part of it, which had been pulled down in the time of the late civil war, built up again, repaired, and leaded all over and some part of the church itself to be also repaired with a tomb to be erected and set up in it in memory of my noble father.⁹⁹ Ecclesiastes 3; Psalm 116.12–15.

And about the 1^st of this October in 1655, when I lay now in my house here at Skipton, did I begin to make the rubbish to be carried out of the old castle at Skipton, which had lain in it since it was thrown down and demolished in December 1648 and the January following. And in the year 1659 the said old castle was very well finished and new built up, though I came not then to lie in it by reason of the smell and unwholesomeness of the new walls. Ezekiel 36.36¹⁰⁰ the latter part of it; Isaiah 58.12.

In the year of Our Lord God 1656

In this year 1656 (as the year begins on New Year’s day) about the 13^th of January did my grandchild John Tufton, after he had continued, about a month at my house or castle of Skipton in Craven go away from thence from me back to Queen’s College at Oxford to lie in that University as a student till the 6^th of May following, at which time he went quite away from living as a student there towards London, to his father and mother and most of their children, whether he came well to them the next day into their house at Aldersgate Street there. And from thence about the 14^th of June following he went out of England into the Low Countries with George Sedgewick whom I had appointed to be his governor. So as they stayed now in Holland and these provinces till the beginning of May following in 1657 (having spent most of their time in the city of Utrecht) and came safe into England, and arrived at London the 9^th of May in 1657 from whence he came hither to me to Skipton Castle the 12^th of June following and with him George Sedgewick his governor and Alexander Whitchard, my grandchild’s man, to live there with me as they had done formerly. And my grandchild the Lady Frances Tufton came then also over with her brother John Tufton from Utrecht in the Low Countries into England to her father and mother after she had remained there at Utrecht all the while her brother John stayed there and a good while before for the cure of the rickets, which she had in extremity. Ecclesiastes 3.

The 1^st day of April I with my family removed out of my house or castle of Skipton in Craven into the inn at Kirkby Lonsdale in Westmorland from whence the next day I continued my journey to my castle of Brougham in the said county where by the way I went into Mr Dalston’s house in Melkinthorpe101 and stayed there a while, which was the first and last time that ever I was in that house. And so that evening from thence I came well into my said castle of Brougham, where I lay in the chamber which my noble father was born in and in which my blessed mother died, for some six months: April, May, June, July, August and September, which was the first time that I lay those few months altogether in that castle, though I have formerly lain in it in September and the rest of the months. And the 2^nd of October following I removed with my family out of that Brougham Castle into my castle of Appleby in Westmorland. Ecclesiastes 8.6; Psalm 121.

And the 16^th day of May was the cause between me and my Westmorland tenants heard at the Common Pleas bar in Westminster Hall, before four of the chief judges there, to wit my cousin Oliver St John Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, Judge Atkins, Judge Hugh Windham and Judge Matthew Hale¹⁰² where a jury appeared being sworn and my cause was openly pleaded by Sergeant Maynard, Sergeant Newdigate and Sergeant Bernard,¹⁰³ who were the counsel for me and Sergeant Earl and Sergeant Evers¹⁰⁴ who were of counsel for my said tenants. At which time they put me upon all manner of proofs being plaintiff in the cause though they were made forth by my witnesses very fully to the satisfaction of the court, so that the juries gave in a verdict for me against my said tenants. And the next day being the 17^th of that month, another jury appeared for the second trial but the same went by default of the tenants, who only appeared but would not plead at all. So that the jury did not go from the bar but immediately gave in another verdict on my behalf, and the court thereupon awarded me costs which the said causes to the value of two hundred and fifty pounds, and two verdicts exemplified under the seal of the court. Psalm 116.12–13.

The 2^nd day of this July died betimes in the morning in Baynard’s Castle, to my great grief, my chief officer for my estate in Sussex and dear friend, Mr Christopher Marsh, who was buried the same night in the church there called St Bennett by Paul’s Wharf, my daughter Thanet and her eldest son the Lord Nicholas Tufton being at his burial, he being near fifty years old at his death. Job 7.1.

And the day after being the 3^rd of this month did my daughter of Thanet with her four youngest children, namely Cecily, George, Mary and Anne, begin their journey in the coach out of London town towards the North, who came safe and well to me with her children (for which, I thank God) to Brougham Castle in Westmorland the 11^th of that month.

And Richard Clapham came along with them, who first of all told me the sad news of the said Mr Marsh’s death and this was the first time I saw three of my said grandchildren, to wit George, Mary and Anne Tufton, as also the first time I saw my grandchild the Lady Cicely, in the North, though I have seen her before at London. Job 7.1; Ecclesiastes 3. So they continued with me in my said castle for seventeen nights together during which time my daughter Thanet with my grand child the Lady Cecily and her brother George went for a while in their coached into Edenhall in Cumberland and into Lowther Hall105 in Westmorland. And whilst they were with me did Charles Stanley, Earl of Derby, come to Brougham Castle to visit me and lay there some three or four nights, being the first time that he was ever in the castle where his great grandmother,¹⁰⁶ my father’s sister by the half blood¹⁰⁷ was born.

And the 28^th of this July did my daughter of Thanet with four of her children, Cecily, George, Mary and Anne, go out of my castle of Brougham in Westmorland from me (where I took my leave of them in the open air in the court there), and so through Whinfell Park into my castle of Appleby in the said county, where they lay in it one night, and so they went the next day after from thence out of Westmorland over Stainmore onwards on their journey towards London, whither they came safe and well the 5^th day of the month following unto their house in Aldersgate Street where they continued to lie for some eight nights together. And when they were past on the 13^th of the same month they went from thence unto the inn at Rochester in Kent, where they lay that night and the next day they went into Hothfield House in the said county to my Lord of Thanet and three of his sons my grandchildren, Richard, Thomas and Sackville. For which safe coming home of theirs from me out of these northern parts I praise God with my heart. Jeremiah 29.6 latter part of it. And I had not seen my daughter of Thanet since the 12^th of September in 1653 when she went then from Appleby Castle from me till this 11^th day of July that she came to me to Brougham Castle. Jeremiah 30.19 the latter part of it.

And the 29^th of August in 1656 when I lay at Brougham Castle did the two judges for the Northern Circuit, John Parker esquire sergeant at law and then of the Barons of the Exchequer, who lived near Rochester in Kent, and Erasmus Earle108 esquire sergeant at law who lives in Norfolk, came into Appleby Castle in Westmorland to keep the assize in the said town for the said county where in the castle they continued to lie for five nights together at my charges, Parker in the Baron’s Chamber and Earle in Caesar’s Tower. And the 3^rd day of the month following they went away from thence to Kendal and so forward on their circuit. And during the time they kept the assizes at Appleby did my cousin Philip Lord Wharton lie for some three or four nights together in the chamber of the said castle where I used to lie myself, he having some business at the assizes. And the same 3^rd day did my said cousin the Lord Wharton come to Brougham Castle to me for a while, it being the first time that ever he was with me in the said castle wherein his uncle George Wharton¹⁰⁹ was born, though I had seen him before in Appleby Castle in 1653. Ecclesiastes 3.

And the 11^th day of this September, by the command of my Lord Protector¹¹⁰ and his council was my first grandchild the Lord Tufton¹¹¹ the second time put up as a prisoner in the Tower of London where he lay under restraint till the 25^th day of June in 1658 that he was released of his said imprisonment. Psalm 105.19.

The 28^th of July was my grandchild the Lady Margaret Coventry delivered of her second child Mistress Anne Coventry, who died the next day.112

And the 2^nd day of October did I and my family remove out of Brougham Castle in Westmorland to my castle of Appleby in the same county where I then continued to lie for about six months, till the 14^th day of April following, when I then removed from thence in two days into my castle of Skipton in Craven. Ecclesiastes 8.6.

And about Midsummer this year, did my cousin Elizabeth Clifford of Cork come from her husband Earl of Cork out of Ireland with their two sons and their daughter Elizabeth for a while into England, whether neither she nor any of her children had been since about September in 1652 till now. And now about the beginning of this October she and her daughter Elizabeth went again out of England over sea into Ireland to her husband the Earl of Cork. But the Countess now left behind her in England her two sons, Charles Lord Dungarvan and his brother Richard Boyle, at the University of Oxford to lie there as a student in the Queen’s College for a time. Ecclesiastes 3.

And on November the 12^th day was the cause between me and my Westmorland tenants heard in Westminster Hall before the four judges of the Common Pleas: Lord St John Lord Chief Justice, Judge Atkins, Judge Windham and Judge Hale. In which cause James Walker was defendant against me on the tenants’ behalf. The jurors all appearing being sworn and empanelled and the cause called, the defendant appeared not, nor any for him so as he was nonsuited¹¹³ one hundred pounds costs recovered against him and the land adjudged to be mine and not the tenants’, which since I leased out to another for one and twenty years. Proverbs 20.24.

And the 16^th day of this December whilst I lay in Appleby Castle was my daughter of Northampton delivered of her second daughter and fourth child, the Lady Isabella Compton, in her Lord’s house at Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire. Which Lady Isabella died the 3^rd day of March in 1657 in the late Countess Dowager of Rivers’¹¹⁴ house in Queen Street, London, where her father and mother then lay, she being a year and about three months old, and was buried in the vault of Compton church in Warwickshire, I then lying in Appleby Castle. Job 7.1.

In the year of Our Lord God 1657

The 3^rd day of February in this year 1657 did Mr Thomas Gabetis, my deputy sheriff for the county of Westmorland, and Mr John Turner, Mr Thomas Johnson, John Darby and Thomas Carlton head bailiff for the West Ward enter into James Walker’s house in Nether Brough commonly called Kirk Brough in the said county where they fairly and gently dispossessed the said James Walker’s wife and her family of the said house and all lands thereto belonging.115 The said sheriff by virtue of a writ issued out of the Common Pleas at Westminster delivering ever the same to the said John Darby my servant who was the lessee upon the ejectment for my use. And within a while after I did lease out the said James Walker’s house and tenement to John Salkeld of Brough for one and twenty years, at a rack rent,¹¹⁶ the same being held before at a finable rent as other the lands and tenements in the county of Westmorland are held of me, and by that means I altered the tenure of this land, which was the principal thing I aimed at in my suits in law with my Westmorland tenants as being a great benefit and advantage to me and my posterity and to all the landlords and tenants in that county, Isaiah 30.21; Jeremiah 42.3; Psalm 32.8.¹¹⁷

About the 30^th of this January in her house called Chiswick near London died that Catherine Brydges, Countess Dowager of Bedford, who was wife to my cousin german Francis, Earl of Bedford, and was married to him two days after I was married to my first Lord. And her dead body was buried in the church at Chenies in Buckinghamshire, I then lying in Appleby Castle in Westmorland, Job 7.1.

And the 14^th day of April did I remove with my family out of my castle of Appleby in Westmorland, towards Skipton in Craven whither I came safe and well the next day being the 15^th day, having lain by the way all night at Kirkby Lonsdale in the inn there as I usually do in my journey between Westmorland and Craven. And I continued to lie in my said castle of Skipton till the 7^th day of October. Following that I removed from thence towards Appleby Castle in Westmorland again, Ecclesiastes 3.6.

About the 25^th or 26^th of April aforesaid did Gabriel Vincent, now steward of my house and gentleman of my horse (by my directions), set the masons and carpenters on work in the further repairing of Skipton Castle, which he performed so as that the Michaelmas following (or but a few days after) there were fifteen rooms finished, seven whereof were upper rooms (in one of which I was born and my uncle of Cumberland died) and the rest lower rooms, also a little closet built on the north wall, the coining house new repaired and slated and the conduit court cleansed of all the rubbish that was thrown in at the demolishing of the castle. Which rooms were all covered over with slate about Michaelmas, also with gutters of lead about the rooms that are covered with slate, for I was not permitted to cover all with lead.118

And the April, about the 23^rd day was another trial between me and my Westmorland tenants at the Common Pleas bar in Westminster Hall before my cousin Lord St John Lord Chief Justice, Judge Atkins, Judge Windham and Judge Hale where the verdict passed for me, and was so recorded in court, this being the fourth trial I have had and the fourth verdict I have had against my said tenants at the said Common Pleas bar in Westminster, Psalm 116.12, 13.

And this summer while I lay in my house or castle of Skipton in Craven about this time was the tomb quite finished which I caused to be erected and set up for myself in the north-east corner of Appleby church, here in Westmorland over the vault there which by my directions had been made in 1655, when I then repaired the said church, in which vault I intend to lie buried myself, Psalm 123.4.¹¹⁹

And about the 9^th day of May following did my grandchild Mr John Tufton and his governor George Sedgewick and his man Alexander Whitchard come over sea in a Dutch man of war out of the Low Countries with my grandchild, the Lady Frances Tufton his sister and her woman, with others in their company and arrived the said 9^th day safe at London, Psalm 121. From whence my said grandchild Mr John Tufton, George Sedgewick and my grandchild’s man Alexander Whitchard came to me to Skipton the 14^th of June following. 120

And the 19^th day of June did my daughter of Northampton and the Earl her husband with their eldest son William, Lord Compton, and his uncle Mr Henry Compton,¹²¹ the said Earl’s youngest brother, come to me, and my grandchild John Tufton, from their house at Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire to my house or castle of Skipton in Craven, where they now lay for eleven nights, this being the first time that young Mr Henry Compton was ever there. But my Lord of Northampton, my daughter his wife and their son the Lord William Compton had been once there with me about three years before. And this 19^th day was the first time that my said daughter, her Lord or any of their children ever saw any of her sister, my daughter of Thanet’s, children in any part of my inheritance in the North, Proverbs 20.24.

And the 4^th day of the next month my daughter of Northampton and her Lord and their eldest son the Lord Compton and Mr Henry Compton, my Lord of Northampton’s brother, came safe to their house at Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire to my two grandchildren, Lady Anne and Lady Isabella Compton, their two daughters, to lie there again with them in the said castle, Proverbs 20.24; Ecclesiastes 8.6.

And in August this year did Baron Parker¹²² and Unton Croke sergeant at law, the two judges of assize for the Northern Circuit come to Appleby Castle to keep the assizes there, where they lay some five nights, I lying then with my family at Skipton Castle in Craven, Ecclesiastes 3.

The 14^th day of September was my grandchild the Lady Margaret Coventry delivered of a daughter in her father, the Earl of Thanet’s, house at Hothfield in Kent, which was christened the day after by the name of Margaret (it being her second daughter, the third child, for her second son and eldest daughter are dead). And this was the first time she was delivered of any of her children in the said house wherein herself was born and wherein her father and mother and their younger children and her own eldest son John Coventry now lay (I lying now in my house or castle of Skipton in Craven) Jeremiah 29.6, the latter part of it; 30.19.

The 1^st of October did Mr John Turner with his wife Elizabeth Turner, who was a Nicholls and had served me from her childhood till now, since the latter end of May 1629, and their daughter Elizabeth go quite away from my house or castle of Skipton and from further serving me, onwards on their journey towards London.123 Whither they came safe and well the 15^th day following to Baynard’s Castle (having lain some three or four nights by the way in their house in Oxfordshire). But notwithstanding her husband is to continue my office for the receiving of my jointure rents in the Isle of Sheppey in Kent as long as he shall please, Ecclesiastes 8.6.

The 7^th day of the said October did I and my family, with my grandchild John Tufton, remove out of my house or castle of Skipton in Craven towards Appleby Castle in Westmorland, whither I came safe and well the day following, being the eight day (having lain one night as I usually do at Kirkby Lonsdale by the way, in the inn there). And so I now lay in this Appleby Castle till the 23^rd day of April following that I removed from thence with my family to my castle of Brougham in Westmorland. But while I now lay in Appleby I had news of the sad loss and death of the Lady Isabella Compton, second daughter to my daughter of Northampton and her Lord. Which Lady Isabella died the 3^rd day of March in the late Countess Dowager of Rivers’s house in Queen Street, London, where her father and mother now lay, she being a year and about three months old at her death, and was buried in the vault of Compton church in Warwickshire, Proverbs 20.24; Job 7.1.

In the year of Our Lord God 1658

And the 23^rd day of April, after I had lain in Appleby Castle from the 8^th day of October last till this time did I remove with my grandchild, Mr John Tufton, and my family into my castle of Brougham in Westmorland. Where I now lay till the 30^th day of October following that I removed from thence with my family to Appleby Castle again. Isaiah 26.8–9.

And the 17^th day of February, while I lay at Appleby Castle before my now coming to Brougham did I send my grandchild Mr John Tufton with his two men to Croome house in Worcestershire to see his sister Coventry her husband and children, and her father-in-law the Lord Coventry, where he lay for a few nights with them and returned to me back again to Appleby Castle the 29^th day of March following. So he went thither by Lancaster, Preston, Manchester, Chester, Flint Castle, Denbigh, and other parts of North Wales and South Wales, and came back again by Warwick, Coventry, Lichfield and those parts. This being the first time he was ever in those places in Wales. Ecclesiastes.

The 16^th day of June this summer did my said grandchild Mr John Tufton go for one night to Corby Castle in Cumberland to my cousin, Sir Francis Howard’s house, where he lay that one night and returned back again the next day to me to Brougham Castle. Ecclesiastes 8.6.

The 25^th day of this June was my first grandchild Nicholas, Lord Tufton, released of his restraint and imprisonment in the Tower of London, where he had lain the second time as a prisoner ever since the 11^th of September in 1656. Psalm 105.19.

And the same 25^th day of June after I had taken leave of him the night before, did my grandchild Mr John Tufton go away from me, from Brougham Castle towards London, to his father and mother. Whither he came well to them to their house in Aldersgate Street the 1^st day of the month following and lay there till the 10^th day of August that he went over sea into the Low Countries with his sister the Lady Frances Tufton, where they remained about some two months and returned again together into England the 7^th of October following. Proverbs 20.24.

And this summer did I cause great repairs to be made upon the old walls of Skipton Castle in Craven, as also at Barden Tower, my steward Gabriel Vincent lying in both these places a great part of the summer to take order about the said repairs. So as most of the stonework of this ancient decayed castle tower of mine was finished (I thank God) to my good liking and content the beginning of the next summer in 1659. Ezekiel 36.33, 36; Isaiah 25.12.

And the beginning of this spring, did I cause Bongate church near Appleby to be pulled down and new built up again at my own charge. And it was wholly finished about the later end of April in 1659, for which God be praised. Psalm 116.11–14.

This summer also I caused the chapel at Brougham to be pulled down and new built up again larger and stronger then it was before at my own charge. And it was wholly finished about the latter end of April in 1659, for which God be praised. Psalm 116.11, 12, 13, 14.

This summer on the 19^th, 20^th and 21^st of August was the assizes kept at Appleby by John Parker, one of the Barons of the Exchequer and Richard Newdigate, one of the judges of the Upper Bench, where they now lay three nights in Appleby Castle, Judge Parker in the Baron’s Chamber and Judge Newdigate in the great tower. And by the way thither as they came from Carlyle they both of them came to see me at Brougham Castle and dined there with me. Ecclesiastes 3.

And at these assizes my cousin Philip, Lord Wharton and his brother Sir Thomas Wharton lay both in Appleby Castle, where my Lord Wharton had some trials. And after both he and his brother came two or three times to Brougham Castle (where I now lay) to see me, this being the first time I saw my said cousin the Lord Wharton after the death of his second wife.124 And he and his brother went, both of them, out of Westmorland a while after. Ecclesiastes 8.6.

An the 28^th of this August did my daughter the Countess of Thanet come hither to me to Brougham Castle from London with three of her younger sons: Richard, Thomas and Sackville, this being the first time I ever saw these three sons of hers here in Westmorland or in any other part of the lands of mine inheritance, and the third time of her coming into this county to me. And I saw her not since the 28^th of July in 1656 till this 28^th of this month that she now came hither to me, where she and her three sons now lay nine nights together. So as I have now seen nine of my said daughter’s children here in Westmorland, which I account as a great blessing and singular goodness of God towards me. And they went away from me the 6^th day of September following through Whinfell to Appleby Castle, where they lay that night, and the next day went over Stainmore, towards London. Whither they got well to their house in Aldersgate Street the 14^th day of the same month and the 17^th day they went down to their house at Rainham in Kent and there lay all night, from whence they got well to Hothfield the next day, to my Lord of Thanet, my son-in-law and to his eldest son my Lord Tufton and four other of his youngest children, who are all of them his wife, my eldest daughter’s children also, for which God be praised. Genesis 1.28; 26.22 the latter part of it; Isaiah 49.21–22;¹²⁵ Jeremiah 29.6 the latter part of it; 30.19; Psalm 116.12–14.

This summer by some few mischievous people secretly in the night, was there broke off and taken down from that tree near the pale of Whinfell Park (which for that cause was called the Hart’s Horn Tree) one of those old hart’s horns, which (as is mentioned in the summary of my ancestor Robert Lord Clifford’s life) were set up in the year 1333 at a general hunting when Edward Balliol then King of Scots, came into England by permission of King Edward the third and lay for a while in the said Robert Lord Clifford’s castles in Westmorland.¹²⁶ Where the said King hunted a great stag which was killed near the said oak tree. In memory whereof the horns were nailed up in it, growing as it were naturally in the tree and have remained there ever since, till that in the year 1648 one of those horns was broken down by some of the army and the other was broken down (as aforesaid) this year. So as now there is no part thereof remaining. The tree itself being now so decayed and the bark of it so peeled of that it cannot last long. Whereby we may see that time brings to forgetfulness any memorable things in this world be they never so carefully preserved, for this tree with the hart’s horn in it was a thing of much note in these parts. Ecclesiastes 3.

And whilst I now lay in Brougham Castle did my grandchild Mr John Tufton and the Lady Frances Tufton his sister come away from the city of Utrecht in the Low Countries and took shipping at the Brill in Holland the 7^th day of October and landed the 8^th day at Deal in Kent, and so came safe with their company on the ninth day following to their father’s house at Hothfield. Ecclesiastes 8.6.

And the 30^th day of this October did I and my family remove from my castle of Brougham to Appleby Castle again after I had lain in this Brougham Castle from the 23^rd day of April until now. And I continued to lie in this Appleby Castle till the 5^th day of May in 1659, at which time I removed from thence with my family to my castle of Skipton in Craven. Psalm 121.

And in the beginning of this summer was finished by my direction the new wall about the little park adjoining to Brougham Castle, the old low wall being before pulled down. And this new wall joins on the one side to the garden wall, and on the other side to the castle. Ecclesiastes 3.

In the year of Our Lord God 1659

And while I now lay in Appleby Castle in Westmorland upon Thursday the 14^th day of April was my younger daughter Isabella, Countess of Northampton, brought to bed of her third son and her fifth child in a hired house where she and her Lord and their family new lay, in Lincoln’s Inn Fields at London, who was christened the day after by the name of James, this being the first time that she had two sons alive together at one time. Genesis 1.28; 26.22 the latter part of it; Isaiah 49.20–21; Jeremiah 29.6; 30.19; Psalm 116.12–14. But this grandchild of mine died in Canonbury by Islington the 1^st day of August in 1662 being a good while after the death of his mother.127

And the 5^th day of this May being Thursday did I remove with my family from Appleby Castle towards Skipton in Craven, whither I came well the next day having laid one night by the way in the inn at Kirkby Lonsdale. And I had not lain in this Skipton Castle, nor been at it, since the 7^th day of October in 1657, when I removed thence with my family to Appleby Castle in Westmorland being about a year and six months. And now did I continue to lie in this Skipton Castle in the Round Chamber (where I have lain, at such times as I have lived there ever since I first came to lie there in 1649) until the 9^th of December following at which time I removed from thence to Barden Tower to lie there in it for a time, this being the first time since I was born that I came to lie in this Barden Tower. Ecclesiastes 8.6; Ezekiel 36.33, 36; Isaiah 58.12.

And the 23^rd day of this May my grandchild Mr John Tufton, and his sister the Lady Frances Tufton with Mistress Sibilla Baker, her gentlewoman that had been abroad with her in the Low Countries, and Henry Hatfield that now serves my grandchild Mr John Tufton in Alexander Whitchard’s place, lately deceased, did come hither to me unto my house or castle of Skipton in Craven from there journey from York and from London. And this was the first time that I saw this grandchild of mine, the Lady Frances Tufton, either in Craven or in any of the lands of mine inheritance. And I had not seen her brother John since Midsummer last that he went from me from Brougham Castle toward London till now. Isaiah 49.20–21; Jeremiah 29.6; 30.19.

So these two grandchildren of mine lay here in Skipton Castle until the 4^th of July, that they went from hence to the Wells at Knaresborough,128 where they lay for seventeen days to take the waters. And the one and twentieth of the same month they returned back to me to Skipton again and stayed there till the 10^th of September following when they went away from hence with their two servants in my coach and six horses, to York lying there all day on Sunday. And the next day, being the 12^th of the same month, they went away in a hired coach towards London, whither they came well to their mother to her house in Aldersgate Street the 17^th day of this month. And three days after Lady Frances went down to her sister Lady Margaret Coventry to Croome in Worcestershire whither she came well the 24^th day of the said September. Proverbs 20.24.

And the beginning of this summer, a little before my coming out of Westmorland, did I cause the church of Ninekirks¹²⁹ to be pulled down and new built up again in the same place, larger and bigger then it was before, which was finished the latter end of this summer (though myself and my family were then at my castle of Skipton in Craven). And this church of Ninekirks would, in all likelihood have fallen down, it was so ruinous, if it had not been now repaired by me. Psalm 116.12–14.

And this April, after I had first been there myself to direct the building of it, did I cause my old decayed castle of Brough to be repaired, and also the old tower, called the Roman Tower in the said castle and a courthouse for keeping of my courts in, with some dozen or fourteen rooms to be built in it upon the old foundation.

The 21^st of August this summer by reason of the trouble now afoot in these northern parts130 though it were Sunday, yet did two judges of assize for the Northern Circuit, Francis Thorpe and John Parker, come that night from Carlisle to my castle of Appleby in Westmorland, where they continued to lie till Friday morning following. From whence they then went to Kendal that night and the next day to Lancaster to keep the assizes there also. And notwithstanding these judges now lay here, yet was there then a garrison of soldiers in the castle. Ecclesiastes 8.6.

And the 27^th of this August being Saturday was my grandchild the Lady Margaret Coventry delivered of a son which was her fifth child and is now her second son, in her father-in-law the Lord Coventry’s house at Croome in Worcestershire, I then lying at Skipton Castle in Craven as also did her brother John Tufton and her sister Lady Frances Tufton, this being the first time that my said grandchild Lady Margaret Coventry had the blessing and happiness to have two sons alive together at one time. Genesis 1.28; 26.22 the latter part of it; Isaiah 49.20–21; Jeremiah 29.6; 30.19; Psalm 116.12–14. Which son Thomas died at Croome where he was born the 17^th of June 1660.¹³¹

And about the 4^th day of this August was my son in law the Earl of Northampton committed close prisoner to upon some suspicion that he was engaged in the late insurrection in England.¹³² My daughter his wife being also there in his lodgings, where he continued prisoner till the 2^nd day of November following that he was released of his said imprisonment in the Tower and went to live with my daughter, his wife, in that house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields in London where they lived before. Ecclesiastes 3; Deuteronomy 23.5.

And this summer my eldest grandchild, Nicholas, Lord Tufton, went from his father and mother and having lain for some time at the Wells at Epsom in Surrey he went over secretly into France. Ecclesiastes 8.6. From whence in the winter following he came over again to his father and his mother and his brothers and his sisters.

And this summer though I found the castle of Skipton for the most part well finished and better then I expected it could have been, yet I could not lie in it partly by reason of the smell and unwholesomeness of the new walls, and partly by the reason of the garrison of foot soldiers, which was put in there, about the 4^th of August under the command of Ensign Robert Fener for securing thereof by reason of the trouble now in England. Ecclesiastes 3; 8.6; Proverbs 20.29; Ezekiel 36.33, 36; Isaiah 58.12.

And about the said fourth of August was there also a garrison of foot soldiers put into Appleby Castle in Westmorland into the great tower there called Caesar’s Tower, which I lately repaired. But after they had lain a while there they went away and quitted it and after they were gone, others came in their room but stayed not long, as likewise into Brougham Castle for a while. Both which castles these soldiers not long after quitted and went away. Deuteronomy 23.5.133

And the 9^th of this December, after I had lain in this house or castle of mine of Skipton ever since the 6^th of May last did I remove from thence with my family to Barden Tower to lie in it for a time, which was the first time that I did ever lie in this Barden Tower, having lately repaired it, to my great costs and charges when it was then a most ruinated decayed place. For my mother had never lain in it since she was with child with me, nor my father in a good while before, neither did my uncle of Cumberland or my cousin his son ever lie in it after they came to this estate in Craven. And I lay now in this Barden Tower till the 8^th day of October, following that I removed thence with my family towards Appleby Castle in Westmorland.

So this year I had the blessing to have two male children born into the world of the generation of my body: the one James Compton, now youngest son to my daughter of Northampton and the other Thomas Coventry, now youngest son to my grandchild, the Lady Margaret Coventry. Psalm 116.12–14; Ecclesiastes 3. But this Thomas Coventry died at Croome in Worcestershire (where he was born) the 17^th day of June in 1660 and this James Lord Compton died at Canonbury near Islington the 1^st of August 1662 after the death of his mother, so as they both died in their infancy.134

January 1660 as the year begins on New Year’s day

And the 25^th day of April this year a new Parliament began to sit at Westminster wherein were chosen, most part by my means, knights of the shire for Westmorland: my two cousins Sir Thomas Wharton and Sir John Lowther of Lowther knight and baronet and for burgesses of the borough of Appleby: my cousin Sir Henry Cholmley and Christopher Clapham esquire.¹³⁵ Which Parliament proved to be a happy Parliament by calling in our rightful Prince King Charles the second into England, wherein also General George Monck the general of the army in Scotland was a great and a happy instrument. His Majesty, with his two brothers the Dukes of York and Gloucester,¹³⁶ coming out of the Low Countries by sea into England about the 25^th day of May and landed at Dover in Kent and so went by land to Canterbury and Rochester and the 29^th day following (being his Majesty’s birthday) he made his triumphant entry through the city of London to Whitehall to lie there again. But this great joy was clouded with sorrow for the death of his younger brother Henry, Duke of Gloucester, who died the 14^th day of September following of the smallpox at Whitehall in the Prince’s lodging there and was buried a while after, in King Henry the seventh’s chapel at the abbey church in Westminster amongst many of his ancestors. And his eldest sister, Mary, Princess of Orange,¹³⁷ died at Whitehall the 24^th day of December following and was buried by him in the said Henry the 7^th’s chapel, she that was widow to William, last Prince of Orange.

And in April and May this year did the masons begin to build up again and repair my castle of Brough in Westmorland, a good part whereof had been repaired the last summer and the remainder thereof now this summer being taken in hand after it had lain ruinous ever since the year 1521 that it was burnt down in Henry, Lord Clifford’s time, about two years and a little more before his death, he dying in this 15^th of Henry the 8^th. And this Brough Castle and the Roman Tower in it was so well repaired by me that on the 16^th of September in the next year I lay there for three nights together which none of my ancestors had done in 140 years before till now.

8 Brough Castle, from Samuel and Nathanial Buck, A Collection of Engravings of Castles, and Abbeys in England (1726–1739)

And in June this year by my directions was also my old decayed castle of Pendragon in Mallerstang in the said county of Westmorland begun to be repaired, which had lain waste (as appears by many records in Skipton Castle before the late civil wars) ever since the 15^th of Edward the 3^rd when the Scots did then burn down the timber of it and demolished it, with their often inroads and incursions into England, there being in his time sharp and bitter wars between the two nations. And it was so well repaired by me that on the 14^th of October in the following I lay there for three nights together which none of my ancestors had done since Idonea de Veteripont lay in it, who died eighth [year of] Edward 3^rd without issue.¹³⁸

The 17^th day of June being Trinity Sunday, died little Thomas Coventry, second son to my grandchild the Lady Margaret Coventry, in his grandfather the Lord Thomas Coventry’s house at Croome in Worcestershire, where this child to whom I was great-grandmother was born into the world but the 27^th of August before, and his dead body was buried in the church there, whose death I esteemed as a loss and cross to us all. And then did his little sister Margaret and their father lie in the said Croome House in Worcestershire. But his mother and his eldest brother lay then in Thanet House in Aldersgate Street, London, with her father and mother.

The 10^th day of March in this year a little before the King came into England died my virtuous and good cousin german Margaret Wharton then the widow Lady Wotton in her house at Canterbury, formerly a part of the Priory there,139 she that was born in Skipton Castle in Craven in July 1581. And she was buried a while after near to her husband Edward, Lord Wotton, in the church of Boughton in Kent¹⁴⁰ and when she died did I lie in Barden Tower in Craven.

The 27^th day of July in this year 1660 did my youngest daughter Isabella, Countess of Northampton, with her two eldest children William, Lord Compton, and Lady Anne Compton, come hither to me into Barden Tower in Yorkshire, from their journey from Edington in Wiltshire and Compton in Warwickshire, where they now lay in this Barden Tower with me ten nights together in the four rooms on the west side of the Great Chamber. This being the first time that I ever saw Lady Anne Compton or of any of my said daughter of Northampton’s daughters. And while they were here, did my daughter of Northampton with these two children of hers, go the 31^st day of this month into Skipton Castle for a while to see it, this being the first time she ever saw it since I last repaired the decayed part of it, and the first time her daughter Lady Anne was ever in this Skipton Castle. Neither had my said daughter or her eldest son the Lord Compton been in it since the 30^th day of June 1657 till now. And on the 6^th day of August following my said daughter of Northampton and her two eldest children and servants went away hence towards her Lord’s house of Compton in Warwickshire,¹⁴¹ whither they came safe and well about five or six days after with their whole company, my Lord of Northampton himself meeting them there from London. And this 6^th day of August was the last time I saw these two grandchildren of mine, William, Lord Compton, and Lady Anne Compton his sister, for she died the 14^th of December following, and he died on the 14^th of September 1661 just nine months after his sister’s death to my unspeakable grief and sorrow and it was likewise the last time I saw their mother my youngest daughter.¹⁴²

The 5^th day of September, being Wednesday, did the King’s two judges of assize for the Northern Circuit, Sir Thomas Twisden143 and Sir Robert Bernard, come into my castle of Appleby in Westmorland where they now lay five nights together, Judge Twisden in the Baron’s Chamber and Judge Bernard in the chief chamber in Caesar’s Tower. And when they were past the 10^th of the same month they went away from thence forward on their circuit. And this was the first time that this Sir Thomas Twisden was ever in Appleby Castle or any part of mine inheritance, whose great-grandfather was that Sir Thomas Heneage that was Vice Chamberlain to Queen Elizabeth and in great favour with her the most part of her reign. And my father and mother loved that Vice Chamberlain extremely and he them.

Towards the latter end of this summer [I caused] my mill about a mile from Barden Tower in Yorkshire called Hough Mill to be pulled down and new built up again with stone and wood at my own charge, for before it was so ruinous as it was like to fall down having not been repaired in many years before till now.

The 2^nd day of this October in 1660 did Richard Earl of Cork and his two sons, my cousins Charles, Lord Dungarvan, and Mr Richard Boyle come hither to me into this Barden Tower and dined with me, but went back again the same day into their house at Bolton, some two miles hence, where they now lay for a little time and I had seen none of them, since about last summer [which] was ten years, when they were at Skipton Castle with me sometimes, and I with them at Bolton, till this day that they came hither to me again.

And the 8^th of October in this year did I and my family remove out of my tower of Barden in Craven towards Appleby Castle in Westmorland and lay three nights by the way, the first night at Pateley Bridge, the second night at Street House not far from Bedall, and the third night at Bowes, and so over Stainmore to Appleby Castle and came safe and well thither the 11^th day following, after I had lain in that tower of Barden ever since the 9^th day of December 1659 till now.

And by the way in this my journey from Barden to Appleby Castle I went hard by Snape House of the Earl of Exeter’s.¹⁴⁴ And I had not been at Bowes nor on Stainmore nor in those ways since the 9^th day of December in 1616 when I then went up from Brougham Castle in Westmorland to London to my first Lord, Richard Earl of Dorset and the Lady Margaret Sackville my then only child, till the 11^th day of this October that I came to lie in this Appleby Castle again, where I had not lain since about the 5^th day of May in 1659 till now. And I had not lain three nights together out of some of my houses in Craven or in Westmorland since the year 1649 when I then came from London into the North till this time that I lay out three nights as I was in my journey from Barden Tower to Appleby Castle. For heretofore I used but to lie out one night in my removes between Craven and Westmorland, since my said coming down and that was at Kirkby Lonsdale.

And when I now came to lie in Appleby Castle in Westmorland I continued to lie in it till the 29^th of October 1661 excepting six nights, three whereof I lay in Brough Castle and the other three in Pendragon Castle in that county. And that 29^th day of October in 1661 I removed with my family from Appleby Castle into my castle of Brougham in the same county.

And the 15^th day of this December (being Saturday) while I then lay in this Appleby Castle in Westmorland, died my grandchild the Lady Anne Compton, eldest daughter to my daughter of Northampton and her Lord, in her father’s house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields at London when she was five years and about five months old, to my great grief and sorrow for she was a child that promised much goodness. And the 6^th day of August before, she went away from me from Barden Tower in Craven with her eldest brother the Lord Compton and their mother towards London, it being the last time I ever saw this grandchild of mine, the Lady Anne Compton. And she was buried in the vault of Compton church in Warwickshire145 by her father’s ancestors. ¹⁴⁶

About the 2^nd of November this year did Queen Marie, Queen Dowager of England, daughter to King Henry the 4^th of France, widow to our late King, and mother to our now King Charles the 2^nd, come over seas out of France into England with her youngest daughter, the Princess Henrietta. And she now lay in her own lodgings there about some two months, for on the second of January following she went away from thence with her said youngest daughter to Portsmouth and so over seas into France again. And this Queen had not been in England since July in 1644 till now. And a little after their coming again into France was the said Princess Henrietta married to her cousin german the Duke of Orleans and Anjou, he that is second and only brother to the now King of France.¹⁴⁷

And this 2^nd of November was the first time the said Queen Dowager came into England after her son King Charles was restored to his crown and though she went soon after into France as above said yet she came again into England the 28^th of July 1662 and stayed till 1665. ¹⁴⁸

About the 7^th day of December did three of my daughter of Thanet’s younger sons, that is to say John, Richard and Thomas Tufton, go from their father and mother, and their eldest brother, and their two youngest brothers, and their four younger sisters out of Thanet House in Aldersgate Street and out of London town and so after a short stay at their father’s house at Hothfield in Kent they went to Dover, and from thence, in the packet boat, to Calais in France and from thence they went to Paris, so to Orleans and from thence to Blois, where they intend to live for a time. This being the first time that my daughter of Thanet’s said two sons Richard and Thomas were ever beyond the seas, but their brother John had been twice before this beyond the seas into the Low Countries, though never before in France. And they all three came over well into England again to their father and mother and some of their brothers and sisters at Hothfield in Kent149 about the beginning of March in 1663 as the year begins on New Year’s day.

In the year of Our Lord God 1661

The 14^th day of March in this year, my daughter of Northampton was delivered of her third daughter and sixth child, the Lady Alethea Compton, in her Lord’s house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields at London, which child was christened about two days after, I then lying in Appleby Castle in Westmorland. And the 14^th day of October following died her mother my daughter of Northampton in the said house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields after she had but awhile before come from Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire from her last seeing her eldest son William, Lord Compton, whom she left there behind her and from Woburn, the Earl of Bedford’s house in Bedfordshire, up thither to London to take physic.

And about the 21^st day of May was the decayed mill at Brough pulled down, and is to be new built again by my directions, which was done so well and in so good a manner that I was in it myself, and liked it very well, on the 16^th day of September when I went to lie in Brough Castle. ¹⁵⁰

The 23^rd of April in this year (I then lying in Appleby Castle in Westmorland) was our King Charles the 2^nd crowned King of England in the Abbey church at Westminster with great solemnity, for which God be praised. ¹⁵¹

And the 17^th of May this year did Elizabeth, the widow Queen of Bohemia,152 come over seas, out of the Low Countries into England to the city of London to see her two nephews, Charles the 2^nd and our King of England and James, Duke of York, after she had been out of England forty-eight years and a month over. And she now continued to be at London for the most part in the Lord Craven’s house in Drury Lane till the 13^th of February following that she died in the new-built house called Leicester House in the Fields¹⁵³ not far from Charing Cross, to which house she removed about a month before her death. And none of her children were with her when she died but her son Prince Rupert who was then in England and present at her death.¹⁵⁴ Job 7.1.

And the 9^th day of August, this year did my daughter of Thanet come hither to me over Stainmore into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland from her journey from London, with her three youngest daughters: Lady Cecily, Lady Marie and Lady Anne Tufton, to my great joy and comfort. Where she and her daughter Lady Cecily now lay together in the Baron’s Chamber and her two younger daughters in the next chamber to it, for eleven nights together. In which time, they went with me the 11^th day of this month into Appleby church and the 18^th of it into Bongate church.

And on the 20^th day they went away from me from this Appleby Castle, after I had taken my leave of them in my own chamber, onwards on their journey towards London over Stainmore. And by the way they went for a while into my castle of Brough in Westmorland to see the new buildings there, which was the first time that ever any of my posterity came into that castle since it was lately repaired by me.

And I had not seen this eldest daughter of mine since the 6^th of September in 1658, when she went away with three of her younger sons from my castle of Brougham in Westmorland towards London, till now. And I had not seen these three youngest daughters of hers since the 28^th of July in 1656 till this time. And this is the fourth time my daughter of Thanet hath come into Westmorland to me. And the 6^th day of July was my grandchild the Lady Margaret Coventry delivered of her third son and fifth child, Mr William Coventry, who died the 14^th of July 1662. ¹⁵⁵

And the 24^th day of August this year (being Saturday) did Sir Christopher Turnor, one of the Barons of his Majesty’s Court of Exchequer and Sir Robert Bernard knight and sergeant at law, his Majesty’s justices for the Northern Circuit, come from Carlisle hither to Appleby Castle, where they now lay five nights together, Judge Turnor in the Baron’s Chamber, and Judge Bernard in the best room in Caesar’s Tower. And on Thursday following (the 29^th day) about nine o’clock, they went away from hence towards Lancaster to keep the assizes there also, lying at Kendal that night by the way. And I lay now here in this Appleby Castle while these judges stayed here, which I had not done since August in 1653 till now.

The 10^th day of September this year, I sent down to my almshouse here at Appleby the King’s letters patents under the Great Seal of England for making the said almshouse a corporation, being a perpetuity granted to me for the foundation thereof dated at Westminster the 2^nd day of the last month in the 13^th year of his Majesty’s reign, which was now laid up in the chest or trunk in the mother’s chamber there under lock and key, to be kept amongst the rest of the writings and evidences concerning the foundation of the said almshouse and the lands of St Nicholas near Appleby and the manor of Brougham which I purchased for the maintenance thereof.156

On Saturday the 18^th day of September about two o’clock in the afternoon died my most dear grandchild William, Lord Compton, in his father’s house at Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire, when he was eight years, three months and about eighteen days old, he being a child of great hopes and perfection both of body and mind. And his brother and his sister and their father then there with him. But his mother was then at London under the physicians’ hands, and lay in her Lord’s house there in Lincoln’s Inn Fields, I then lying in the Roman Tower at Brough Castle in Westmorland and stirred not out of it all that day. And this sad news was brought me by a letter from his father the 27^th day of the said September to Appleby Castle where I then lay.

And the 16^th day of this month did I remove out of Appleby into Brough Castle in Westmorland where I now lay for three nights together, the first night in that half round tower called Clifford’s Tower, and the other two nights in the second room of the great tower called Roman Tower, both which towers and castle there were repaired by me lately to my exceeding great costs and charges, after they had lain desolate ever since the timber thereof was casually burnt in the year 1521 some two years and a little more before the death of that Henry, Lord Clifford, my ancestor who was father to Henry, Lord Clifford, 1^st Earl of Cumberland. So as none of my ancestors have lain in it since it was so consumed by fire till I now lay in it myself. And I had not been in it since about the 14^th or 15^th of April in 1659 when it was then a-repairing till this time that I now lay in it.

And the 18^th day of this month about four o’clock in the afternoon whilst I lay in the great tower at Brough Castle in Westmorland called the Roman Tower, died my dear grandchild William, Lord Compton, in his father’s house at Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire and his dead body was opened and afterwards buried in the vault in Compton church in Warwickshire, where his sisters Anne and Isabella, and many of their father’s ancestors the Comptons and their wives, lie also interred.

And the 14^th of October this year about eight o’clock in the morning died his mother, my youngest daughter Isabella, Countess of Northampton, in her Lord’s house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields at London, when she was thirty-nine years old and some thirteen days over, her two children that are now only left alive James, Lord Compton, and Lady Alethea Compton and their father the Earl of Northampton lying then in that house and then did I lie in my own chamber in Appleby Castle in Westmorland from whence I removed the same day some two or three hours after into Pendragon Castle in Westmorland to lie there for three nights. But I did not hear the sad news of her death till after I came from thence into Appleby Castle again.

Also the same 14^th day of this October, about nine o’clock in the morning, after she was dead (though I knew it not) did I remove out of Appleby Castle in Westmorland, into Pendragon Castle in the same county, where I now lay in the second storey that looks east and south for three nights together, and when they were past, I came from thence into this Appleby Castle again to lie in it as before, this being the first time I lay in the said Pendragon Castle since it was lately repaired and made habitable by me, to my great costs and charges, after it had lain desolate ever since about the 15^th year of Edward the 3^rd in 1341 which is 320 years ago. For then (as by old records and chronicles it appears) the Scots made an inroad into the West of England, totally destroying it, and pulling down all the timber, and a great part of the stone building of it. But before that, it was the chief and beloved habitation of Idonea the younger daughter and coheir of Robert de Veteripont, my ancestor. She dying without issue, as appears by inquisitions taken after her death in the 8^th year of Edward the 3^rd,157 and then all her inheritance in Westmorland came to her older sister Isabella’s grandchild Robert Lord Clifford, and his posterity, to whom I am heir by a lineal descent.

And after I came from Pendragon Castle in Westmorland, I lay now in Appleby Castle some twelve nights before I removed from thence to Brougham Castle in the said county, whither I and my family came safe the 29^th day of this October, to lie there in it for a time in the same chamber wherein my noble father was born and my blessed mother died. After I had lain in Appleby Castle ever since the 11^th of this October was a twelvemonth (excepting only six nights, three whereof I lay in Brough Castle and the other three in Pendragon Castle in Westmorland, as is before mentioned).

9 Pendragon Castle, from Samuel and Nathanial Buck, A Collection of Engravings of Castles, and Abbeys in England (1726–1739)

And the 27^th day of this October whilst I lay in Appleby Castle in Westmorland died Thomas, Lord Coventry, in his house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields at London of the gangrene that was in several of his toes, he whose eldest son now George, Lord Coventry, did marry about eight years, three months and some days over, my grandchild the Lady Margaret Tufton, then and now eldest daughter to my daughter of Thanet and her Lord.

And the 29^th day of this October (as is above written) did I and my family remove out of Appleby Castle in Westmorland into my castle of Brougham in the same county to lie there for a time in the same chamber wherein my noble father was born and my blessed mother died. After I had lain in Appleby Castle aforesaid ever since the 11^th of this October was a twelvemonth excepting only six nights, three whereof I lay in Brough Castle, and the other three in Pendragon Castle in Westmorland.

And I now continued to lie in the said chamber in Brougham Castle in Westmorland for nine months and two days over, till the first day of August. Following that I removed from thence into my said castle of Appleby again to lie in it for a little time. And during that time of my lying at Brougham Castle I received the sacrament there once at Christmas in the chapel at Brougham Castle, once at Ninekirks on Easter Sunday and once at Brougham Chapel the 27^th of July which chapel I have lately built and this was the first time since the death of my mother that I ever received the blessed sacrament in this Brougham Chapel. And I seldom else went out of my chamber or upon the leads of the castle as I used to do, but only into the Painted Chamber to hear prayers.

In the year of our Lord God 1662

On the 13^th day of February died Elizabeth Queen Dowager of Bohemia158 she that was aunt to our King Charles the second and James, Duke of York. And she died in Leicester House in the fields near Charing Cross at London and was buried in Henry the seventh’s chapel in the abbey church at Westminster, near to her father and mother and her nephew Henry, Duke of Gloucester and the Princess Elizabeth his sister, after she had now lived in England since about the 17^th day of May last. And she died the even of that day was forty-nine years that she was married to Frederick Prince Elector Palatine her husband. I now lying in Brougham Castle in Westmorland when she died.

And the 22^nd day of March in this year I had a swounding¹⁵⁹ fit whereby I was in great danger of death, but it pleased God to restore me to life and health again in a very short space. And the 30^th day of this March being Easter I received the blessed sacrament in the church called Ninekirks, this being the first time I came into it after I had repaired and new built the said church.

The 12^th day of April in this year my son-in-law James, Earl of Northampton, came hither to me from his journey from Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire and the southern parts by Skipton (where he had not been since the latter end of June in 1657 when he was there with his wife and his eldest son William, Lord Compton) and he went into the castle to see the rooms there in it. And in his journey from Skipton he lay at Ingleton by the way. And the same 12^th day came hither to me into this Brougham Castle in Westmorland with his cousin Mr John Mordaunt, son to Mr James Mordaunt, a younger brother to the last Earl of Peterborough, and they stayed here with me at Brougham Castle seven nights together, his Lordship lying in the Baron’s Chamber, and his cousin Mordaunt in Graystock Chamber. And when those seven were past they went away from hence to Carlisle and so to Edinburgh in Scotland and other places where they lay a good while but returned back by Carlisle hither the 11^th day of May following, though it were Sunday. And then they lay here again in the same chambers in this Brougham Castle for eight nights together. And this was the first time that my Lord of Northampton did ever lie in this Brougham Castle. And he went the 13^th day of April being Sunday in the afternoon, into the chapel at Brougham to hear the sermon there, that being the first time he was ever in that chapel. And the 18^th of May following he went into the church at Ninekirks in the forenoon to the sermon there, that being also the first time he was ever in that church of Ninekirks. And the 19^th day of May they went away from me from Brougham Castle to Kirkby Lonsdale where they lay the 19^th day at night, and the next night they lay in Barden Tower in Craven, this being the first time that either my Lord of Northampton or his cousin Mordaunt ever lay in that Barden Tower. From whence the 21^st day they went onwards on their journey southwards. And he came well to his house at Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire a while after, and the 30^th day of the month he came well to his house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields at London, to his two children James, Lord Compton, and the Lady Alethea Compton his sister.160

Our young Queen Catherine the Infanta of Portugal, daughter to the late King and sister to this King of Portugal, after she had taken her leave of the Queen Dowager her mother, this King of Portugal her brother, and her younger sisters aboard one of our King’s great ships riding near Lisbon, took her voyage and landed safely about the 14^th of May at Portsmouth in Hampshire, after she had lain upon the seas in her journey from Lisbon ever since about the 23^rd of April till now. And our King Charles the second came to her to Portsmouth about the 20^th day of this month and married her there in a public manner, the next day being the 21^st. And so from thence he and she went the 28^th day to Winchester, and so by Farnham Castle to Hampton Court whither they came to lie the 29^th of this May. And thither my daughter of Thanet and Lady Frances her daughter went to see this new Queen the 4^th of June following, I then lying in Brougham Castle in Westmorland.

This summer did I cause a new brewhouse and bakehouse to be built up in the court within the walls of Brougham Castle in Westmorland whereof one side was built on the old wall towards the north, and the other side on the old wall towards the west. And now also did I cause the old brewhouse and bakehouse to be taken down and the ground to be levelled, which old brewhouse and bakehouse stood near to the Tower of League, so as this removing of it made the court larger and handsomer than it was before. And this summer did I cause a kitchen, a stable, a bakehouse and a brewhouse to be built in the court of my castle of Brough in Westmorland within the walls that were lately built there by me, the kitchen, bakehouse, and brewhouse being on the north side and the stable on the south side thereof.

Also this summer did I cause a wall of lime and stone to be built round about that piece of ground which I had taken in about Pendragon Castle in Westmorland being ten quarters in height and about ninety roods in compass with two gates to let in horses or coaches. And within the said wall I caused to be built a stable and coach house, a brewhouse, bakehouse and washhouse, and a little chamber over the gate that is arched.

And on the 1^st day of August this year being Lammas day161 about noon I removed with my family from Brougham Castle in Westmorland to my castle of Appleby in the said county after I had lain in Brougham Castle ever since the 29^th of October last till this time, being nine months and two days over. And in this remove of mine I went through Whinfell Park where I had not been during the time of my last lying at Brougham Castle till now. So I now lay in this Appleby Castle till the 15^th day of September following that I removed from thence with my family to Brough Castle in the said county and so to Pendragon Castle and so to Barden Tower in Yorkshire whither I came the 26^th of the same September to lie there in it.

And this same 1^st day of August while I lay in Brougham Castle some [blank] or five hours before my remove from thence to Appleby Castle about seven o’clock in the morning died my dear grandchild James, Lord Compton, in his father’s house at Canonbury by Islington near London, he being then the only surviving son of his mother, being about three years and three months old and sixteen days over at his death, and he was buried the 8^th of this month at night in the church at Compton in Warwickshire, his dead body being first opened and his lungs found much annoyed with glandells¹⁶² and sticking to his ribs. His sister Lady Alethea Compton being then also at Canonbury at his death, she being the now only surviving child of her mother but his father my Lord of Northampton was then either in Northamptonshire or Warwickshire.

And the 14^th day of the month before died that William Coventry who was the third son to my grandchild the Lady Margaret Coventry in her husband the Lord Coventry’s house at Croome in Worcestershire being about a year old and was buried the night after in the church there at Croome, I then lying in Brougham Castle in Westmorland. And the news of his death came first of all to me to Appleby Castle in Westmorland the 5^th of this month by a letter from my daughter of Thanet the same day that I heard of my Lord, James Compton’s death.

And the 16^th day of this August did Sir Christopher Turnor knight, one of the Barons of his Majesty’s Exchequer and judge of the assize for this Northern Circuit, come hither to Appleby Castle from Carlisle and he lay here six nights together in the Baron’s Chamber, and on Friday following, being the 22^nd day about ten o’clock, he went away from hence from me and us here out of this Appleby Castle to Kendal and so to Lancaster to keep the assizes there also. And I now lay here myself in this Appleby Castle while the judge stayed here. And this Baron Turnor was now the only judge of assize for this Northern Circuit though heretofore two judges used to always to come the circuit hither.

The 28^th of July in this year a little before I removed from Brougham Castle did our Queen Marie the Frenchwoman,163 mother to our now King Charles, land at Greenwich in Kent newly come from her journey from Calais in France in a great ship over the seas and so up the river of Thames thither, where she lay for a little while and afterwards continued her journey from thence up the said river of Thames in her ship to London, to her two sons the King and the Duke of York and their wives, I then lying in Brougham Castle in Westmorland. And this Queen had not been in England since about the latter end of January 1661 when she took ship at Portsmouth with her youngest daughter the Princess Henrietta, and so went out of England over seas into France, till this time. And she stayed in England from the said 28^th day of July till the [blank] day of [blank] in 1665 that she went over again then into France.¹⁶⁴

And on the 15^th day of September following did I remove with my family out of Appleby Castle in Westmorland into my castle of Brough in the same country where I now lay three nights together, one night in the highest room in Clifford’s Tower, and two other nights in the great tower called the Roman Tower, as I did the last time I lay there before. And from thence out of that Brough Castle I removed the 18^th day of the same month (going through Kirkby Stephen and Wharton Park near Wharton Hall) into Pendragon Castle in Westmorland where I lay for six nights in the chamber within the Great Chamber, the windows whereof look towards the west and the south, though the three nights that I lay there before I lay in the chamber that is now the Great Chamber there.

And from this Pendragon Castle I removed the 24^th day of this month and went through Ravenstondale into Mr John Otway the lawyer’s house at Ingmer165 by Sedbergh in Yorkshire where I lay in it that one night. And I was not out of Westmorland since the 11^th of October in 1660 till now. And the 25^th day from Mr Otway’s house I went near Kirkby Lonsdale, within sight of it, and so by Cowan Bridge, Ingleton and Clapham and those ways I had formerly gone, into the inn at Settle where I lay that night and never lay there before. And the next day being the 26^th day I came over the moor by Mowlam Water Tarn, where I had not been in nine or ten years before and so into my house called Barden Tower and lay in the same room where I used to lie, and continued to lie in it till the 6^th day of May following in 1663 when I then removed from thence with my family into Skipton Castle where I then begun to lie in the chamber wherein I was born into the world, in that part of the castle which was lately repaired by me. And I had not been in this Skipton Castle since the 9^th of December 1659 that I removed from thence into Barden Tower, it being a strange and miraculous Providence of God that I should at this great age of seventy-three years come to lie again in the same chamber where I had not lain since I was a child of eight weeks old till now. Proverbs 20.24; Ecclesiastes 8.6; Psalm 116.12–15.

And some five or six weeks before my coming out of Westmorland did my cousin Elizabeth Clifford, Countess of Cork, and her husband Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork, with their five youngest children, two sons and three daughters, go from their house in Whitefriars at London wherein Elizabeth, Countess of Kent,¹⁶⁶ formerly died, onwards on their journey towards Bristol and those parts and so into Wales where at Milford Haven in Pembrokeshire they all went into a ship on the seas wherein they passed over to Ireland either to Cork, Youghall or Lismore where they have houses and arrived safe there within a while after, after they had resided in England for the most part of two years and six months, excepting a little while that my Lord of Cork and his two sons went over into Ireland either the last summer or the summer before, but they came quickly into England again. And now that they all went into Ireland did this Earl of Cork’s eldest son’s wife, she that was the Lady Jane Seymour and youngest daughter to the widow Duchess of Somerset and her deceased husband the Duke,¹⁶⁷ go over also into Ireland with her husband this Charles Boyle, Lord Dungarvan, by whom she hath had one child already (a daughter) which she left behind her at London with her mother, it being not a year old.¹⁶⁸ And it was the first time that ever this Lady Dungarvan came into Ireland or went beyond the seas. And her sister Marie is now beyond the seas in Turkey at Constantinople.169 But they came into England again in the year 1663 and so to their house in Whitefriars where, and in other places in England, they continued till their second daughter Elizabeth came to be married the 11^th of April in that year to my eldest grandson Nicholas, Lord Tufton, who by the death of his father the 7^th of May following came to be Earl of Thanet. And a little after that marriage in July following they all came down into the North to their house at Londesborough in Yorkshire, from whence, after a while, my Lord of Cork and his Lady with most of their children came to Bolton Abbey in Craven to lie there for a time and in that time they went also into my castle of Skipton and tower of Barden for a while to see them. And about that time did their said second daughter, and her Lord, my grandchild the Earl of Thanet, come hither into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland for a few nights.

In the year of Our Lord God 1663

The 2^nd day of April in this year did my grandchild Mr John Tufton come from his journey from London hither unto this Barden Tower to me where I now kissed him with much joy a little before supper, and he now told me how he set forwards on his journey from London hitherwards, from his mother and two of his sisters, Lady Frances and Lady Cecily, the 26^th day of March last. For he and they came up thither from Hothfield in Kent from my Lord of Thanet the 16^th of the same month, whither his mother and two sisters returned back again the 27^th day. And when he now came hither to me, he begun to lie in the best room in this Barden Tower at the end of the Great Chamber where my daughter of Northampton lay when she was last here, and his man John Gently (who is newly come to him) in the room within it. And I had not seen any grandchild of mine since the death of my daughter of Northampton and three of her children till now that I saw this John Tufton, and this was the first time that any of my daughter of Thanet’s children ever lay in this Barden Tower. And this grandchild of mine was the more welcome to me in regard he had escaped death very narrowly by a dangerous sickness he had in France the last year, which causes me to have in a thankful remembrance God’s great mercies to me and mine. Psalm 23.4–5; Psalm 116.12–13.¹⁷⁰

And the 6^th day of May in this year being Wednesday did I with my grandchild Mr John Tufton and my whole family remove from Barden Tower in Craven (after I had now lain in it ever since the 26^th of September last till now) and came the nearest way through the Haw Park to Skipton Castle into the new repaired old buildings there, to lie now for a time in the chamber there wherein myself was born. For though that and the chief parts of the castle were pulled down by command of Cromwell about the end of December 1648 yet did I cause it to be rebuilt in the years 1657, 1658 and 1659. And I was not in this Skipton Castle since the 9^th of December 1659 when I went out of it in haste to lie first of all in Barden Tower, till this time that I now came to lie in it again. And though I was near the said castle of Skipton and about the walls of it with my blessed mother about the 12^th of October in 1607 when we were then in our journey out of Westmorland towards London, yet did I not come to lie in this old part of the castle wherein I was born since I was carried out of it when I was about eight weeks old with my father and mother and my brother Robert, Lord Clifford, from thence towards London, till this 6^th day of May. And it is to be accounted a great and wonderful providence of God that now in the 73^rd year of my age, I should come to lie again in that chamber wherein I was born into the world.

And the 25^th of January in this year as the same begins on New Year’s day died that Mr John Turner, the receiver of my jointure rents in the Isle of Sheppey in Kent, who was husband to Mistress Elizabeth Turner that was a Nicholls, and had served me so many years. And he died in his house at Ramsbury in Wiltshire.

And the 22^nd day of May in this year did my grandchild Mr John Tufton go away from hence from me and us here out of this Skipton Castle over Cotter and those ways to Pendragon Castle in Westmorland, this being the first time that either he or any grandchild of mine ever lay in that castle of mine which was lately repaired by me. And from thence he went into Appleby Castle and lay there two nights and the next day he went to Brough Castle where he lay one night, this being the first time that he or any grandchild of mine lay in that Brough Castle, for I repaired it but lately. And from thence the day after he went through Whinfell Park into Brougham Castle where he lay one night. And while he was now in Westmorland he went also into Lowther Hall, Acorn Bank171 and other places and was at the horse race on Lanwathby moor¹⁷² and came home well again to me (I thank God) the 29^th day of the same month following. And he had not been in Westmorland since the 25^th day of June in 1658 that he went thence from Brougham Castle, towards London till now.

The 24^th day of July in this year did Mistress Elizabeth Turner,173 the widow that had served me so many years, come from her journey from London and from York hither to Skipton Castle in the chamber where I was born into the world, so she lay here eighteen nights, the first seven or eight nights in the best chamber in the great half-round tower, and the rest in the chamber called Mistress Widdrington’s chamber below.¹⁷⁴ And I had not seen her since the 8^th of May in 1660 that she and her husband Mr John Turner and their daughter went away then from me from Barden Tower in Craven towards London till now. And I never saw her husband since then, for he died in his house at Ramsbury in Wiltshire the 25^th day of January last.

And there came now hither with her Mr William Edge, the receiver of my Sussex jointure rents, and he lay here in the withdrawing chamber next the gallery the time of his staying here, saving six nights that he went to Manchester in Lancashire amongst his friends and kindred. And the 11^th day of August following he and Mistress Turner went from hence from me and my daughter of Thanet, and us here onwards on their journey towards London.

And the 3^rd day of August this summer, being Monday, did my daughter the Countess of Thanet with four of her younger sons: Richard, Thomas, Sackville and George Tufton, and her daughter Lady Frances Tufton come hither from their journey from York and from London hither into Skipton Castle in Craven to me about eight o’clock at night into the chamber where I then lay and where I was born into the world. And I then kissed them all with much joy and comfort, it being the first time that I saw my daughter of Thanet or these four younger sons of hers in Skipton Castle or in Craven for it was the first time that my daughter of Thanet or these her four youngest sons ever came to into Craven. Neither did I see her daughter Lady Frances Tufton since she went from me from Skipton Castle the 10^th day of September 1659 till now. Nor had I seen my three grandsons Richard, Thomas and Sackville Tufton since they went away with their mother, my daughter of Thanet, from Brougham Castle in Westmorland from me the 6^th day of September 1658 till now. Nor had I seen my said youngest grandchild George Tufton since the 28^th day of July 1656 when he then went away from me from the said Brougham Castle with his mother and his three youngest sisters towards London. And I had not seen my daughter of Thanet herself since she went from me from Appleby Castle in Westmorland towards London with her three youngest daughters, Lady Cecily, Lady Marie and Lady Anne Tufton, on the 20^th day of August in 1661 till now.

So as this journey of hers now this August from London to Skipton Castle to me was the fifth journey that she had taken into the North to see me, for she had been four several times with me before in Westmorland. And my daughter of Thanet and these four younger sons of hers and her daughter Lady Frances continued to lie with me in the said Skipton Castle, herself and her daughter Frances lying in the two best rooms in the chief round tower in the old building in Skipton Castle lately repaired by me, and her two youngest sons, Sackville and George, lying in the upper great round room at the end of the gallery, and their brother Thomas in the round room below it, where I formerly used to lie myself, and their brother Richard lying with his brother John Tufton in the great room over the gatehouse all the time (save one night that he lay in the drawing room next the gallery). For their brother John Tufton met his mother and four brothers and sister at York and came hither to Skipton Castle with them and continued to lie in it as formerly all the while they stayed here.

And the 10^th day of this August my daughter of Thanet and these five younger sons of hers and her daughter Lady Frances went from Skipton Castle into Barden Tower to see it, which was the first time that she or her four younger sons ever came into this Barden Tower, but they came all back again the same night to me to Skipton Castle. And so after they had lain here twelve nights on the 15^th day of the said August about ten o’clock (after I had first kissed her and then her children in the chamber wherein I was born) they went away from me out of this Skipton Castle onwards on their journey towards London. And my grandchild, her son John Tufton, went also with his mother and his brothers and sister the first day’s journey to Wetherby but returned back again to me to Skipton Castle the 17^th day of that August at night. And the 22^nd of the said August my daughter of Thanet and these four younger sons of hers, with her daughter Lady Frances Tufton, came all well to Thanet House in Aldersgate Street at London where they now lay for two nights together because the next day was Sunday. And on the 24^th day they went away from thence down into the county towards Hothfield House in Kent whither they came well the next day, being the 25^th day, to my Lord of Thanet and his three youngest daughters.

The 29^th day of this August did Sir Thomas Twisden and Sir Christopher Turnor, the King’s two judges of assize appointed this year for the Northern Circuit, come from their journey from Carlisle into my castle of Appleby in Westmorland where they lay for four nights together, Judge Twisden in the Baron’s Chamber and Judge Turnor in one of the best chambers in Caesar’s Tower in which time they kept the assizes at the moot hall in Appleby town. And the 2^nd of September following being Wednesday they went away from thence to Kendal in the same county where they lay that night and the next day to Lancaster where they finished their circuit.

And the 7^th day of this September in this year did my grandchild Mr John Tufton ride away from this Skipton Castle from me and us here with his man John Gently towards London and so into Kent to his father and mother and many of their children. And I did not see him again till after his father’s death which was on the 7^th of May 1664, for he came not to me till the 8^th of July next following that he came from his journey from thence and from London hither to Appleby Castle in Westmorland to me. And the 30^th of this September (a little before my removal from this Skipton Castle) did my cousin Philip, Lord Wharton, and three of his daughters by his second wife, Anne my goddaughter and Margaret and Mary Wharton175, came from his house called Helaigh Manor¹⁷⁶ in Yorkshire to Skipton as aforesaid to me, where they lay two nights together and then went home again to Helaigh Manor aforesaid.

And the 6^th day of this October 1663, after I had lain in Skipton Castle in the chamber there wherein I was born just five months from my coming from Barden Tower, did I remove from thence onwards on my journey towards Westmorland, so as I went to Mr Cuthbert Wade’s house at Kilnsey,¹⁷⁷ and lay there that night and the next day from thence, through Kettlewelldale, up Buckden Rakes, and over the Stake into Wensleydale to my cousin Mr Thomas Metcalfe’s¹⁷⁸ house at Nappa where I lay also that night and the next day, being the 8^th day from thence I went over Cotter in my coach (where I think never coach went before) and over Hellgill Bridge into Westmorland, and so by the chapel of Mallerstang (which I lately repaired), I came into this Pendragon Castle to lie in it again.

And this was the first time I was ever in Kettlewelldale, or went over Buckden Rakes, or the Stake, or Cotter or any of those dangerous places wherein yet God was pleased to preserve me in that journey.179 And I was not in Westmorland since the 25^th day of October in 1662 till now. So now I kept Christmas here in this Pendragon Castle this year, and this was the first time that I ever kept Christmas in it or any of my ancestors before me for three hundred years before or more. And I now lay in it till the 27^th day of January that I removed from thence with my family into Appleby Castle in Westmorland.

And while I lay in Pendragon Castle was my son-in-law John Tufton, Earl of Thanet, committed prisoner to the Fleet at London the 21^st of December about the business of Sackville College in Sussex.¹⁸⁰ In which imprisonment he continued to lie till the 21^nd of January next after that he was released from thence and came home again to his house in Aldersgate Street to my daughter his wife and some of their children.

In the year of Our Lord God 1664

The 27^th day of January in this year about ten o’clock in the forenoon did I go out of Pendragon Castle in Westmorland in my coach drawn with six horses and most of my family with me on horseback into Appleby Castle, after I had lain in the said Pendragon Castle ever since the 8^th of October last that I came to it with my family from my journey from Skipton Castle in Craven, until now. And now I began to lie in the same chamber in this Appleby Castle where I used formerly to lie, and where I had not been since the 18^th of October in 1662 till now. And in which I now continued to lie till the 16^th of September following that I removed from thence into Brough Castle in the same county, where I lay for eight nights together till the 24^th of that September, and then returned back from thence to this Appleby Castle again.

And before I came away from Pendragon Castle did I, upon the 12^th day of this January, purchase of Reynald Cocke of Cawtley near Sedbergh in Yorkshire, lands to the value of eleven pounds per annum for which I paid two hundred and twenty pounds. Which lands I gave for the maintenance of a person qualified to read prayers and homilies of the church of England, and to teach the children of the Dale to write and read English in Mallerstang Chapel for ever. And I did put in to officiate in the said chapel of Mallerstang, Rowland Wright who had been at the said chapel some three or four years before to teach scholars there.

And the 17^th day of this March, being Thursday in the evening, did Sir Thomas Twisden, one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas, at Westminster and Sir Christopher Turnor one of the Barons of the Exchequer, come hither from Kendal and so from Lancaster the day before, into this Appleby Castle where they lay for five nights together, Judge Twisden in the Baron’s Chamber and Judge Turner in the best room in Caesar’s Tower, sitting here by special commission from the King upon the trials of divers of the traitors in this county that were engaged in the late plot and rising against his Majesty,181 so as three of them were hanged, drawn and quartered here at Appleby. For otherwise except upon such an occasion, the assizes are but kept once a year for this county. And the 22^nd day these judges went away from hence on their journey towards York to keep the assizes there also. And I lay in my own chamber in this Appleby Castle all the time that the judges now lay here.

The 11^th day of April being Easter Monday was my first grandchild Nicholas, Lord Tufton, married in a chamber in Clifford’s Inn in London town to the Lady Elizabeth Boyle my cousin and goddaughter, second daughter to Richard, Earl of Cork, by his wife my cousin Elizabeth Clifford, Countess of Cork.¹⁸² And my said first grandchild and the said Lady Elizabeth Boyle were married together by one Mr Byfield who is chaplain to her said father, I then lying in my own chamber in Appleby Castle in Westmorland.¹⁸³ And this new married couple begun first of all to lie together in that house in Whitefriars at London, which was once part of the priory there where her father and mother and most of their family now lie.

And the 7^th day of May being Saturday about three o’clock in the morning died my son-in-law John Tufton, Earl of Thanet, in his house called Thanet House in Aldersgate Street at London, in those lodgings that look towards the street which he had built about twenty years since with freestone very magnificently, and my first child, his wife the Lady Margaret, Countess of Thanet, and their five youngest sons and four youngest daughters, lay in that house of his when he died. And he was fifty-five years old the 15^th day of December last before his death.

And the 11^th day of this month was the dead body of my son-in-law John Tufton, Earl of Thanet carried out of his house in Aldersgate Street where he died the 7^th of that month and so over London Bridge down into the country into the church at Rainham in Kent and was buried unopened in the vault there by his father and mother and his second child my grandchild the Lady Anne Tufton, his brother and his five younger sons and his daughters Lady Frances and Lady Cecily Tufton being there present at his burial, but his eldest son was not, I lying in my own chamber in Appleby Castle in Westmorland both when he died and when he was buried.

And the 8^th day of July following did his second son, my grandchild John Tufton, come from his journey from Thanet House in Aldersgate Street in London town, from his mother and some of his brothers and sisters, hither to Appleby Castle in Westmorland to me, to my great joy and comfort, I having not seen him since the death of his father, my son-in-law John Earl of Thanet, not in eight months before till now for the 7^th day of September last in 1663 [when] this grandchild of mine went from Skipton from me onwards on his journey towards London. And now, in this journey of his from thence hither he lay two nights by the way the 5^th and 6^th of this month, in the highest chamber of the great round tower at Skipton Castle, over that round chamber at the end of the long gallery there where I formerly used to lie. And the 7^th day at night he lay in the inn at Kirkby Lonsdale from whence the next day (as aforesaid) he came hither to Appleby Castle where he now continued to lie till the 20^th day of this month. Following that he went with his mother and his three youngest sisters from hence to Brougham Castle and lay there with them four nights, till the 24^th of the same month that he came back again hither with them to this Appleby Castle. From whence, after he had lain two nights more in it, on the 26^th day he went away from me and from his mother and sisters up towards London, about four days before they went and he came well to Thanet House in Aldersgate Street there the 2^nd day of the month following.

29^th of this July did my grandchild Nicholas Tufton, Earl of Thanet, and his wife my cousin and goddaughter the young Countess of Thanet come hither to me and to his brother John Tufton, into my chamber in this Appleby Castle in Westmorland about seven o’clock in the evening, where I kissed them both with much joy and comfort, it being the first time I saw any grandchild of mine that was an Earl. Neither had I seen him since I saw him in the court of this Appleby Castle when he went away from hence with his father and mother towards Croome in Worcestershire, and from thence up to London in 1653 till this day. And it was the first time this new married wife of his ever came into Westmorland, neither had I seen her since I saw her and her father and mother (the Earl and Countess of Cork) and her brothers and sisters in Craven in 1650, when they were then with me at Skipton Castle and I with them at Bolton Abbey, till this time. And this Earl my grandchild and his wife came now hither to me from Londesborough, York, and Topcliffe and came today over Stainmore hither, lying the night before in the poor inn at Bowes and by the way hither from Bowes they went into Brough Castle for a while to see it. And now my said grandchild the Earl of Thanet and the Countess his wife continued to lie in this Appleby Castle for eleven nights together in the Baron’s Chamber. And whilst they now lay here they went into Brougham Castle for a good while and into Edenhall, Lowther Hall and Acornbank. And he and his brother John Tufton went into Pendragon Castle to see it, but his wife did not go with them, she being a little indisposed that day. And upon the 9^th of August following after I had then kissed them in my chamber in Appleby Castle, did this Earl of Thanet and the Countess his wife with their company go away again from hence out of Westmorland over Stainmore into the inn at Cataract Bridge towards York and Londesborough.184 But my grandchild John Tufton returned back again to me to Appleby Castle after he had brought his brother and sister onwards upon their journey as far as Brough. And some two days after, my said grandchild the Earl of Thanet and his wife met my Lord of Cork and his wife about York, and went with them to their house at Londesborough for they were lately come from Bolton Abbey and out of Craven thither again.

The 16^th day of August in this year, about six or seven o’clock in the evening, did my daughter Margaret, Countess Dowager of Thanet, with her three youngest daughters: Lady Cicely, Lady Marie and Lady Anne Tufton, and their company, come from their journey from London over Stainmore, and those ways, hither to me into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland, where I now kissed them with much joy and comfort, it being the first time I saw this daughter of mine, or any of her daughters since she was a widow by the death of her Lord the late Earl of Thanet (who died the 7^th day of May last) or in some time before, for I had not seen her since the 15^th of August last in 1663 that she went away from me from Skipton Castle in Craven with her four youngest sons: Richard, Thomas, Sackville and George Tufton, her daughter Lady Frances Tufton up towards London, until now. Nor had I seen these three youngest daughters of hers since the 20^th day of August in 1661 that they went from me from this Appleby Castle in Westmorland up towards London, with my said daughter their mother (who had been then here to see me with them) till now.

And now they continued to lie in the Baron’s Chamber here for four nights together. And the 20^th day, by reason of the two judges coming hither to keep the assizes they went from hence with my grandchild John Tufton, into Brougham Castle in this county, where they lay for four nights more, during the time of the assizes, my daughter of Thanet and her youngest daughter Lady Anne lying in the chamber there wherein I formerly used to lie, wherein my noble father was born and my blessed mother died (which was the first time that she or any of her children ever lay in that chamber) and Lady Cecily and Lady Mary lying in the middle chamber of the greatest tower there. And my daughter of Thanet had not been in Brougham Castle since the 6^th of September 1658 that she went from thence from me with her sons Richard, Thomas and Sackville Tufton up towards London, till now this 20^th of August. Nor had her said three youngest daughters been in that castle since the 28^th of July 1656 that they went from thence with their mother, my said daughter, up towards London until now. And this was the first time that any of them lay in that castle when I lay not there myself. But on the 24^th of this August, when those four nights were past, they and their company came from thence back again into this Appleby Castle, where they lay for six nights more, all save my said grandchild John Tufton who lay but two nights in this castle, for the 26^th day he began his journey from hence up towards London (as aforesaid). And upon this 30^th day of the same August, my daughter of Thanet and her said three youngest daughters and their company, after I had first kissed them as taking my leave of them, went away from me out of this Appleby Castle, about eight or nine a clock in the morning, onwards on their journey towards London again, whither they came safe and well the 8^th day of the month following to Thanet House in Aldersgate Street in London town to lie there in it for a time.

And the 20^th day of this August being Saturday in the evening did the two judges of the assize for this Northern Circuit, Sir Thomas Twisden and Sir Christopher Turnor, come hither from Carlisle and Newcastle and those places, to keep the assizes here at Appleby for this county of Westmorland as usually. And they lay here in this Appleby Castle for four nights together, Judge Twisden in the Baron’s Chamber and Judge Turnor in the best room in Caesar’s Tower. In which time they kept the assizes in the moot hall in Appleby town where Robert Atkinson, one of my tenants in Mallerstang and that had been my great enemy, was condemned to be hanged, drawn and quartered as a traitor to the King for having a hand in the late plot and conspiracy185 so as he was executed accordingly the 1^st day of the month following.

And the 24^th of this August being Wednesday they went away from hence to Kendal in this county where they lay that night and the next day to Lancaster to keep the assizes there also and to finish their circuit, I lying in my own chamber in this Appleby Castle all the time of these assizes.

The 16^th day of September in this year, after I had lain in my chamber in Appleby Castle in Westmorland ever since the 27^th of January last that I came to it from Pendragon Castle, did I remove with some of my family out of my said castle of Appleby into my castle of Brough in the same county where I lay for eight nights together, the first four nights in the uppermost chamber in that they call the Clifford’s Tower there, and the other four in the middle chamber of the great Roman Tower there. And when they were past, on the 24^th of the same month, I returned back into my castle of Appleby again, into my chamber in it, where I now continued to lie for thirty-one nights. And when they were past on Tuesday the 25^th of the month following I removed from Appleby Castle into Brougham Castle in the same county. And I had not been in Brough Castle aforesaid since the 18^th day of September in 1662 till this 16^th day.

The 8^th day of July in this year after they had taken their leaves of their mother, and most of their younger brothers and sisters a day or two before at Thanet House in Aldersgate Street in London town, did my two grandchildren Mr Sackville Tufton and Mr George Tufton embark themselves at Dover in Kent, and so sailed over the seas into France whither they came safe and well to Paris within a while after, this being the first time these two grandchildren of mine were ever beyond the seas or out of England. And Sir Thomas Billingsley who had served their grandfather of Dorset,186 went along with them as their governor. And after a short stay at Paris they went from thence to Sedan.

The 25^th day of October in this year being Tuesday, after I had lain in Appleby Castle in Westmorland ever since the 27^th of January last past that I came to it from Pendragon Castle (excepting only eight nights that I lay in Brough Castle, from the 16^th of the last month till the 24^th of the same), did I this 25^th day of October (as aforesaid) remove with my family out of my said castle of Appleby into my castle of Brougham in the same county where I had not lain since the 1^st of August in 1662 till now. And where I now continued to lie in the chamber wherein my noble father was born and my blessed mother died, till the 1^st day of August in the year following that I removed from thence into Appleby Castle with my family to lie there for a time. So as I now continued to lie in this Brougham Castle for nine months together and seven days over.

In the year of our Lord God 1665

The 23^rd day of February in this year between eleven and twelve o’clock in the forenoon was my grandchild the Lady Frances Tufton, now second daughter to my daughter of Thanet and her deceased Lord, married in the chapel in Thanet House in Aldersgate Street at London by Mr Hinde,¹⁸⁷ my daughter of Thanet’s chaplain, to Mr Henry Drax.¹⁸⁸ Which grandchild of mine had been once or twice in the Low Countries for the cure of the rickets, but thanks be to God she came now to be well married. And after she and her said husband had lain in Thanet House in Aldersgate Street some eight or nine nights they went away from thence into her husband’s house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields to live there in it fore a while, and afterwards they went into his house at Hackney some three or four miles from London to live there in it, I lying at the time of her marriage in Brougham Castle in Westmorland in the chamber there wherein my father was born and my blessed mother died. And she died in labour of her first child (to my great grief) the 22^nd of November following at Buckwell in Kent, the child dying in her a little before. And she and it were buried together in Rainham church in Kent the 15^th of December after that.¹⁸⁹

About the 29^th day of June in this year being St Peter’s day did our Queen Marie the French woman, Queen Dowager and mother to our King Charles the 2^nd, go out of Somerset House and out of London town, cross over the River Thames to Lambeth and so by easy days’ journeys to Dover in Kent, her two sons, our King Charles and James, Duke of York; Prince Rupert, the Duke of Monmouth, and many others of the nobility bringing her onwards on her journey as far as Dover aforesaid where they then all took their leaves of her as she was on shipboard in the seas. From whence she crossed the seas in one of the King’s ships and landed safely at Calais, and from thence went to Paris in France in the beginning of July following. And this Queen Marie had stayed in England ever since the 28^th of July in 1662 that she then came out of France into England, this being the eleventh or twelfth time that she hath passed and crossed the seas to and fro between England and beyond the seas, so as from her first coming into England to this going over of hers now into France was just forty years the 12^th of this month of June. And some few days before her going from London this Queen Dowager took her leave of Queen Catherine, her son our King’s wife at Hampton Court.

And this year 1665 and the beginning of the year following was there a great plague in the city and suburbs of London, whereof there died for several weeks together above 8000 a week, the like whereof was never known in London before.190

The 1^st day of August this year after I had lain nine months and seven days over in Brougham Castle in Westmorland in the chamber where my noble father was born and my blessed mother died, did I remove with my family out of the said Brougham Castle into my castle of Appleby in Westmorland. And I came by the way thither through some part of Whinfell park where I had not been since this day three years till now. And I now continued to lie in this Appleby Castle, till the 10^th day of November following that I removed from hence with my family into Brough Castle in the same county.

And this first of August also did my daughter of Thanet and her three youngest daughters, Cicely, Marie and Anne, with her family remove from out of their hired house at Epsom in Surry where they drunk the waters into Bolebroke House in Sussex, her house of inheritance by her father where they now continued to lie.

And this was the first time my daughter of Thanet came to lie in the Bolebroke House after she was first a widow or in a good many years before, and the first time her three youngest daughters were ever in it. And her eldest son the Earl of Thanet and his lady and her other three sons that are now in England and her daughter Lady Frances Drax and her husband came thither to see her for a time in the said Bolebroke House, where she [Margaret Sackville] had been delivered of her said first son now Earl of Thanet, whose wife came then also thither with him to see her. 191

The 19^th day of this August did Sir Richard Rainsford, one of the Barons of his Majesty’s Exchequer and now judge of the assize for this Northern Circuit, come hither from Carlisle to keep the assizes here at Appleby, where he now continued to lie in the Baron’s Chamber for five nights together, till the 24^th of this month that he went from hence to Kendal and the next day to Lancaster to keep the assizes there also, and to finish his circuit. And my cousins Sir Philip Musgrave and his son Christopher and my cousin Sir John Lowther of Lowther lay here also most part of the assizes.

And while the assizes were kept here did my cousin Charles Howard, Earl of Carlisle, and young Mr Fenwick that married his eldest daughter come hither to me into this Appleby Castle the 21^st of this month, and lay here that night in the Great Tower as they were in their journey to York, to attend the Duke of York there, which was the first time I saw my said cousin the Earl of Carlisle since he was ambassador for our King in Muscovia, Sweden and Denmark, or in some five or six years till now.

The 10^th day of November in this year being Friday after I had lain in Appleby Castle in Westmorland ever since the 1^st of August last being three months and some nine days over, in the chamber in it where I formerly used to lie, and wherein I have lain long since with my blessed mother when I was a maid, did I remove from thence with my family out of the said Appleby Castle into my castle of Brough in the same county where I had not been since the 24^th day of September in the last year 1664 till this day. And where I now begun to lie in the highest round chamber in Clifford’s Tower till the 19^th of April following that I removed from thence with my family into Pendragon Castle in the same county. And during the time I lay in this Brough Castle did I keep my Christmas in it which was the first Christmas that I ever kept in the said castle nor had any of my ancestors done it since the year 1521, it being then burnt down, when Henry, Lord Clifford my father’s great-grandfather, then lay in the said castle about two years and somewhat more before the said Henry, Lord Clifford’s death.

The 22^nd day of November in this year about one o’clock in the afternoon (to my unspeakable grief) died my dear grandchild the Lady Frances Drax who was my daughter of Thanet’s third daughter but sixth child, and was born in her father’s house called Thanet House in Aldersgate Street in London town the 23^rd of March in 1642 as the year begins on New Year’s day, I then lying in a hired house in the city of Bath in Somersetshire. And she was married in the same Thanet House the 23^rd of February last to Mr Henry Drax. And she died (as aforesaid) this 22^nd of November in a hired house of her husband’s at Buckwell in Kent near Hothfield, being then in labour of her first child which was a son, of whom she could not be delivered for the child was dead within her a few hours before her own death. And whilst she was in labour did my daughter of Thanet her mother begin her journey from Bolebroke in Sussex toward Buckwell aforesaid to her, but hearing of her death before she came thither, she returned immediately back to Bolebroke again, where she lay when her said daughter was buried which was on the 15^th of December being the month next following. And her child was buried there together with her in the vault of Rainham church in Kent by her father and grandfather, there being present at their burial several of her brothers and sisters as namely the Earl of Thanet and his Lady, Mr John Tufton, Mr Richard Tufton, Mr Thomas Tufton and Lady Cecily Tufton, and also many of their neighbours and relations. And both when she died and was buried did I lie in my own chamber in Clifford’s Tower in Brough Castle in Westmorland where I heard first of all the sad news of her death the 6^th day of the said December.

In the year of our Lord God 1666

The 2^nd day of January in this year about six or seven o’clock in the evening did there a great fire happen in the highest chamber but one of the Great Roman Tower here in this Brough Castle in Westmorland, which burnt a bed and the curtains and valance and all the furniture belonging to it, and a tapestry hanging that hung behind the bed. But before it got any further hold it was, by God’s merciful Providence, discovered and quenched so as the tower itself received no harm. And I then lay in my own chamber in Clifford Tower in the said castle.

The 19^th day of April in this year did I remove with my family out of Brough Castle in Westmorland and so went through Wharton Park near to Wharton Hall, into my castle of Pendragon in the same county, after I had lain in the said Brough Castle in the uppermost room of Clifford’s Tower since the 10^th day of November last till now, being five months and some nine days over. And at the time of my now lying in Brough Castle died my dear grandchild the Lady Frances Drax the 22^nd of November in a hired house of her husband’s at Buckwell in Kent near Hothfield (as is above mentioned). And the said 19^th day in the morning before I came away from the said Brough Castle did I go for a while into the great Roman Tower there, into the best room in it, where I used sometime to lie, and into the lower room where Gabriel Vincent died the 12^th of February before to my great grief and sorrow.192 And I had not been in that great Roman Tower since the 24^th of September 1664 (when I had then lain in it for four nights, and removed thence to Appleby Castle) till now that I came into it again for a while. And I had not been in this Pendragon Castle since the 27^th of January 1664 as the year begins on New Year’s day, till this 19^th of April that I now came into it again, and where I continued to lie in my own chamber there that looks to the south and west till the six day of August following that I removed from thence with my family towards Skipton Castle in Craven.

And a little before my coming away from Brough Castle in the latter end of March or beginning of April did my two grandchildren, Mr Sackville Tufton and his brother Mr George Tufton with their governor Sir Thomas Billingsley, go from Sedan in France into upper Germany to the Prince Elector Palatine’s Court at Heidelberg.193 And the reason of this their so sudden departure out of France into Germany was because of the wars that are now between England and France. And in that time that they remained at Heidelberg was my said grandchild George Tufton sorely shot and wounded in the wars there.¹⁹⁴

And the 6^th day of this August, after I had lain in Pendragon Castle ever since the 19^th of April before, did I remove out of the said Pendragon Castle and went into the chapel of Mallerstang by the way for a while, it being the first time I was ever in that chapel, and so over Cotter and those dangerous ways into one Mr John Coleby’s house near Bambridge¹⁹⁵ in Wensleydale where I lay that night with my women servants and some three of my men servants (my other servants lying at Askrigg and Bambridge). And this was the first time I ever lay in the said house. And the next day being the 7^th of August I went over the Stake and down Buckden Rakes and so into Mr Wade’s house at Kilnsey where I then lay in it that one night (having lain in it one night before in my former remove from Skipton Castle to Pendragon Castle in Westmorland). And from thence the next day being the 8^th of this month, I came safe and well into my said castle of Skipton in Craven and so into my own chamber in it wherein I was born into the world, where now I continued to lie for five months and two days that is to say from this 8^th of August till the 10^th of January following that I then removed with my family to Barden Tower in Craven to lie in it for a time. And I had not been in these ways over Cotter and the Stake since the 6^th, 7^th and 8^th days of October in 1663 till now, neither was I in Skipton Castle since the said 6^th of October in 1663 till now.

The 27^th day of this August being Monday did my daughter Margaret now Countess Dowager of Thanet, with her three youngest daughters: Lady Cecily, Lady Mary and Lady Anne Tufton, come hither to me from their journey from London and today from the inn at Wetherby into this Skipton Castle a little before supper where I kissed them all with much joy and contentment in the chamber here wherein I was born into the world, I having not seen any of them since the 30^th day of August in 1664 when they went away from me from Appleby Castle in Westmorland back towards London until now. And now they continued to lie here in this castle for twelve nights together, my daughter and her daughter Lady Cecily in the middle round room at the end of the long gallery here (where formerly I used to lie myself) and Lady Marie and Lady Anne in the room above it, which was the first time my daughter of Thanet or these three daughters of hers ever lay in that round tower, though her daughter Lady Frances Tufton (since deceased) had lain in it when she was here.

And this is the seventh time that my said daughter hath come into the North to see me, where she hath been five times with me in Westmorland, and this is the second time she hath been with me here at Skipton. But it is the first time these three youngest daughters of hers were ever here, though they had been with me before in Westmorland both at Brougham Castle and Appleby Castle. And the 31^st of this month during their stay here these three young ladies my grandchildren with their three women – Mistress Jane Paulett, Mistress Bridget Billingsley and Katherine Preston – went in my daughter, their mother’s coach, with six horses out of this Skipton Castle into my tower of Barden where they dined, and from thence into Mr Sheffield Clapham’s house at Beamsley where they stayed a while and from thence into my blessed mother’s almshouse there at Beamsley and returned back again into this Skipton Castle a little before supper time, this being the first time that any of my said three grandchildren were ever in Barden Tower or in Beamsley Hall or in the almshouse at Beamsley, which was founded by my blessed mother. So when these twelve nights were past my daughter of Thanet and her said three daughters and their company went away from hence from me after I had first kissed them, as taking my leave of them and so from this Skipton Castle the 8^th day of September following about nine o’clock in the morning onwards on their journey towards London again.

And the 1^st day of June in this year, whilst I lay in Pendragon Castle with my family, did Mr William Russell, second son to my cousin the now Earl of Bedford and his wife,196 come from his journey from their house called Woburn in Bedfordshire thither to Pendragon Castle to me where he lay that one night and the next day he continued his journey into Scotland, calling by the way at Naworth Castle in Cumberland to see my cousin the Earl of Carlisle and his Lady that is his cousin.¹⁹⁷ And this was the first time that ever my said cousin Russell was in Westmorland or in any part of my inheritance or so far northward. And about the latter end of that month or the next after he came well home again to his father and mother to their said house at Woburn in Bedfordshire.

And whilst my daughter of Thanet and her said three youngest daughters were with me here at Skipton Castle did the two judges of assize for this Northern Circuit, Sir Christopher Turnor and Sir Richard Rainsford, two of the Barons of his Majesty’s Exchequer, come into Appleby Castle in Westmorland the 1^st day of this September in the evening (being Saturday) where they now lay for four nights together, Judge Turner in the Baron’s Chamber and Judge Rainsford in the best room in Caesar’s Tower. And after those four nights were past and that they had ended the assizes there at Appleby, those two judges of [the assizes] went away from thence on Wednesday following, being the 5^th of that month about two o’clock, towards Kendal where they lay that night, and the next day to Lancaster to keep the assizes there also and to end their circuit.

The 2^nd day of this September being Sunday about two o’clock in the morning, whilst my daughter of Thanet and her three youngest daughters lay here in Skipton Castle with me, and whilst the said judges of assize for this Northern Circuit lay in my castle of Appleby in Westmorland to keep the assizes in the town there, did there a great fire break out in several places and houses within the walls of the city of London,198 which continued raging there for about four days together before it could be quenched. And in that time this terrible fire consumed and burnt down not only Baynard’s Castle, but also Great Dorset House and Little Dorset House, which Little Dorset House was once my jointure house, and in all which three places I had spent much of my time when I was wife to my first and second husbands. And eighty parish churches with most of all their parishes were consumed, whereof the great Cathedral church of St Paul was one, which had been one of the stateliest and ancientest fabrics when it was standing in all Christendom. But in all this great desolation Thanet House in Aldersgate Street, my daughter of Thanet’s jointure house, was then preserved.

In the year of our Lord God 1667

The 10^th day of January in this year (after I had lain in Skipton Castle in that chamber within the old walls of it wherein I was born into the world, ever since the 8^th of August last) did I remove from thence with my family, and so went through the Haw Park and by Shibden and Halton and those ways, I in my horselitter, and some of my chief women in my coach, into my house or tower of Barden in Craven where I had not been since the 6^th day of May in 1663 till now and where I now continued to lie (in the same chamber I formerly used to lie in) till the 29^th day of July following that I removed from hence with my family towards Pendragon and Appleby Castles in Westmorland.

And so this late Christmas did I lie all the time of it in my own chamber within the old walls of Skipton Castle where I was born into the world which was the first Christmas I ever kept in that chamber since I was born, though I had lain for several Christmases since I was last a widow (by the death of my Lord the Earl of Pembroke) in the other part of that castle which was built by my great-grandfather of Cumberland,199 in the middle chamber in the great round tower at the east of that long gallery there.

And about the beginning of this June in this year 1667 did my cousin Elizabeth Clifford, Countess of Burlington and Cork, and the Earl her husband and their eldest and now only son²⁰⁰ and their youngest daughter save one, the Lady Anne Boyle, come from that house called Berkshire House at Saint James at London down to their house at Londesborough in Yorkshire to lie there in it for a time.

And about the 19^th day of the same month of June did the said Richard, Earl of Burlington and Cork, go from his said house at Londesborough, from his wife and daughter Anne and two of his son’s children,²⁰¹ either to Chester or to Liverpool in Lancashire, from whence he crossed the seas in a ship to Dublin in Ireland and after some stay there he went to some of his own houses in Ireland.

And about the [blank] day of this June did my grandchild Nicholas, Earl of Thanet, and his wife come from their house at Hothfield in Kent to Gravesend in the same county and from thence by water in a barge up to London where they lay two or three nights in a lodging there and then he went down again to his said house at Hothfield. But his wife came down from London to Londesborough house in Yorkshire to her mother and sister Anne, and two of her eldest brother’s children for a time.

And the 29^th day of this June at night, the said young Countess of Thanet came from Londesborough house in Yorkshire and from York, to me, to Barden Tower in Craven in that county, where she stayed with me for four nights together, she and her two women lying in the two low rooms at the west end of the Great Chamber there, which are over the kitchen, and when those four nights were passed she and her company went away from thence, from me and my family, back to Londesborough again. And from thence about Michaelmas following she went with her mother the Countess of Cork and Burlington up to her father where, after a short stay at Berkshire House with her mother, the said young Countess of Thanet went down to Hothfield House in Kent to her Lord.

And the 29^th of July in this year, after I had lain in my house or tower of Barden in Craven, ever since the 10^th day of January last (being six months and some nineteen days over) did I remove from thence with my family towards my castle of Pendragon in Westmorland. So as that day I went into one John Symondson’s house at Starbotton202 in Craven, when I lay that one night (which was the first time I ever lay there). And from thence, the next day being the 30^th day, I went up Buckden Raikes and over the Stake and so out of Craven, into Mr John Coleby’s house in Wensleydale, where I lay that one night (which was the second time I had lain there). And from thence the next day (being the 31^st day) I went up Cotter Hill and over Hellgill Bridge, and by Mallerstang chapel, and those ways, into my said castle of Pendragon, where I had not been since the 6^th of August last in 1666 until now, and where I now continued to lie (in the chamber within the Great Chamber there, the windows whereof are towards the south and west) but for eight nights together.

And when they were past upon the 8^th day of August in this year I removed from my said castle of Pendragon with my family, into my castle of Appleby in the same county, where I had not been since the 10^th day of November in the year 1665 till now, and where I now continued to lie in the same chamber I used to lie in till the 18^th day of October following that I removed from thence to Brougham Castle in the same county to lie in it with my family for a time. And in all these late journeys of mine from Skipton to Barden, and from thence to Pendragon and so to Appleby, I rid all the way in my horselitter.

And the 24^th day of August, being Saturday in the evening, did the two judges of assize for this Northern Circuit namely Sir Christopher Turnor and Sir Richard Rainsford, two of the Barons of his Majesty’s Exchequer, come from the city of Carlisle in Cumberland from holding the assizes there hither into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland, where I and my family now lie and where they now lay for four nights together, Judge Turnor in the best room in Caesar’s Tower and Judge Rainsford in the Baron’s Chamber. And after those four nights were past (the assizes here at Appleby being ended) they went away from hence from me on Wednesday the 28^th of this month about eleven o’clock towards Kendal where they lay that night. And the next day they went to Lancaster to keep the assizes there also and to end their circuit. And these two judges have come this circuit several times before. And my cousins Sir Philip Musgrave of Edenhall in Cumberland and Sir John Lowther of Lowther in this county lay here also, most part of these assizes as usual.

And presently after these assizes ended was the peace proclaimed in Appleby, as elsewhere throughout the kingdom, which had been concluded of but last month at Breda between our King Charles the second (by his Ambassadors Denzill Lord Hollis and Mr Henry Coventry)203 on the one part, and the States of the United Provinces and the two kings of France and Denmark, on the other part, to the general good of Christendom, and to the joy and satisfaction of our King and all his good subjects after there had been hot wars between them by sea for almost three years last past.

And the 18^th of October in this year, after I had lain in Appleby Castle in Westmorland (in the chamber wherein I used to lie) ever since the eight day of August last, being two months and some ten days over, did I remove from thence in my horselitter with my family (going along the usual high road and not through Whinfell Park) into Brougham Castle in the same county, in which castle of Brougham I had not been since the 1^st day of August in 1665 till now and where I now continued to lie, as I use to do, in the same chamber wherein my noble father was born and my blessed mother died, till the 26^th day of June next following that I removed from thence back again into Appleby Castle aforesaid, to lie there in it for a time.

In the year of our Lord God 1668

The 12^th day of February in this year, I then lying in Brougham Castle in Westmorland, I first of all came to know that my grandchild the Lady Cecilia Tufton, my daughter of Thanet’s fourth daughter and seventh child, was married to Mr Christopher Hatton, eldest son to Christopher, Lord Hatton of Kirkby in Northamptonshire,²⁰⁴ privately the 12^th day of February in the last year 1667 as the same begins on New Year’s day, I then lying in Barden Tower in Craven. And that they were married together by Doctor Evans, one of the Duchess of York’s chaplains, in Sir Charles Littleton’s house in the Mews, he that is cupbearer to the King, none but he and his Lady²⁰⁵ being present at the marriage.

And on the 2^nd day of March this year when I then also lay in Brougham Castle in Westmorland, my grandchild Mr Thomas Tufton was chosen burgess for the town of Appleby to serve in the House of Commons in Parliament then assembled and sitting in Parliament at Westminster in the place of Mr John Lowther, eldest son to my cousin Sir John Lowther of Lowther. Which Mr John Lowther died but a while before at London so as this Thomas Tufton my grandchild began first of all to sit in the said House of Commons at Westminster as a member thereof the 10^th day of March instant, which Parliament had begun to sit again the 14^th day of February before, he being the first grandchild of mine that ever sat in that House of Commons in the Parliament at Westminster.206

The 11^th day of May in this year did my old servant Mistress Elizabeth Gilmore, whose first husband was Mr John Turner, come from her son-in-law Mr Killawaye’s house at Week in Wiltshire to an inn at Reading in Berkshire and from thence the next day to London, where she stayed till the 5^th day of the month following. In which time her second husband Mr John Gilmore, with their maid and a man called John Walter and one Thomas Kingston came up thither to her, and from thence the same 5^th day of June they came down together in a hired coach towards York, whither they got well the 9^th day. And then and there my servants George Goodgion²⁰⁷ and John Hall, by my appointment, met them with some of my horses to bring them from thence hither to Brougham Castle. And accordingly they set forth from York the 11^th day and came that night to Greta Bridge, and the next day over Stainmore by Brough Castle into my castle of Appleby where they lay all night, Mistress Gilmore and her husband lying in the Baron’s Chamber there. And from thence the 13^th of June they came by Julian Bower (where they alighted to see all the rooms and places about it)²⁰⁸ and so through Whinfell Park hither into this Brougham Castle to me, where I kissed Mistress Gilmore, I having not seen her since the 11^th day of August 1663 when she had been for a while at Skipton Castle with me, till now this 13^th of June.

The 26^th day of June in this year, after I had lain in Brougham Castle in Westmorland in the chamber wherein my noble father was born and my blessed mother died ever since the 18^th of October last, being eight months and some eight days over, did I remove from thence in my horselitter (my women riding in my coach drawn with six horses and my menservants on horseback) through Whinfell park and by the Hart’s Horn Tree, and by the house called Julian Bower in my said park to see it (though I did not alight to go into it) and so from thence through Temple Sowerby, Kirkbythure and Crackenthorp, and over Appleby Bridge into my castle of Appleby in the same county, where I now began to lie in the same chamber wherein I formerly used to lie and now lay in it till the [19^th of October 1669].

The 21^st of July in this year did my daughter the Countess Dowager of Thanet, with her two youngest daughters Lady Mary and Lady Anne Tufton, go out of Thanet House in Aldersgate Street (leaving there behind them Mr Sackville Tufton, her youngest son save one, and her daughter Lady Cecily Hatton and her husband) and so out of London town down into the country towards Croome House in Worcestershire. And, having lain two nights by the way, the first at Wickham in Buckinghamshire, and the second at Enstone in [Oxfordshire] they came safe and well thither to Croome the 23^rd of that month, to her daughter the Lady Margaret Coventry and her Lord, and their two children, where they stayed with them for seven nights together, till the 30^th of the same month, and then returned from thence back towards the said Thanet House at London again. Whither they came well the 1^st of August following having lain two nights by the way the first at Stow-on-the-Wold in Gloucestershire (from thence going by Oxford to see the most remarkable things there) and the next night at Tetsworth in [Oxfordshire]. And her daughter the Lady Margaret Coventry with her daughter Margaret came up thither with them, that journey from Croome, leaving behind them my Lord Coventry and his eldest and now only son.

And on Friday the 31^st of this July did my eldest grandchild, Nicholas Tufton, Earl of Thanet, come hither into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland late in the evening, so as I saw him not till the next day in the morning that he came up to me into my chamber where I then kissed him with much joy and comfort, I having not seen him since the 9^th of August in 1664 (when he had been here with me with his wife, my cousin and goddaughter, and that they then took their leaves of me in this same chamber of mine and went towards her father the Earl of Burlington and Cork’s house at Londesborough in Yorkshire, and so to their own house at Hothfield in Kent) until now. And now this Earl my grandchild came from his journey from the said Hothfield House, and by the way from the Lord Viscount Dunbar’s house in Holderness,209 and from Scarborough Wells and Bolton in Yorkshire, and today²¹⁰ from the inn at Kirkby Lonsdale in Westmorland hither into this Appleby Castle as aforesaid, where he now continued to lie in the Baron’s Chamber for seven nights together. And when they were past on the Friday following being the 7^th of August, betimes in the morning before I saw him, he (having taken his leave of me the night before in my chamber) went away again from hence with his company by the same ways that he came, onwards on his journey back towards his said house at Hothfield to his wife.

And the 8^th of this August being Saturday in the evening, did the two judges of the assize for this Northern Circuit, namely Sir Christopher Turnor and Sir Richard Rainsford, two of the Barons of his Majesty’s Exchequer, come from the city of Carlisle in Cumberland from holding the assizes there hither into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland, where I and my family now lie, and where they now lay for four nights together, Judge Turnor in the best room in Caesar’s Tower, and Judge Rainsford in the Baron’s Chamber. And when they were past, the assizes here at Appleby being ended, they went away from hence from me on Wednesday the 12^th of this month to Kendal where they lay that night, and the next day they went to Lancaster to keep the assizes there also and to finish their circuit. And my cousin Sir Philip Musgrave of Edenhall in Cumberland, and my cousin Sir John Lowther of Lowther in Westmorland, lay here also in this castle, most part of the time of these assizes as usual.²¹¹

And on Monday the 21^st of September in the afternoon did my grandchild Mr Thomas Tufton, the fourth son and seventh child to my daughter the Countess Dowager of Thanet, and now one of the burgesses212 in Parliament for this corporation of Appleby, come hither into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland, and so up into my chamber to me where I kissed him with much joy and comfort, I having not seen him since the 15^th of August in 1663 when he with his mother and some of his brothers and his sister Lady Frances went from Skipton Castle from me up towards London, until now. And now this grandchild of mine came from his journey out of Kent, and so by London, York and Ripon, and today from the inn at Bowes in Richmondshire hither into this Appleby Castle (as aforesaid) where he now lay in the Baron’s Chamber for ten nights together. During which time he went to visit several of the gentry, my neighbours and friends in this country.²¹³ As on the 23^rd of September [he went] to Acorn Bank to Mr John Dalston his fellow burgess, and to my house at Julian Bower in Whinfell Park, and the 24^th day to Edenhall in Cumberland to my cousin Sir John Lowther, and so to my castle of Brougham to see it, and the 26^th day to Howgill Castle to the widow Lady Sandford²¹⁴ and Sir Richard Sandford her eldest son and the rest of her children, and the 28^th day being Monday to my castle of Pendragon and Brough to see them. At none of which houses and places above mentioned he had ever been before, except at Brougham Castle where he had been once with me for a time in August and September 1658 with his mother and some other of her children. And when these ten nights were over on Thursday the 1^st of this October in the morning before I saw him, he (having taken his leave of me the night before) went away again from hence by Brough and over Stainmore into the inn at Bowes aforesaid where he lay one night, and so continued his journey up towards London.

And the 9^th day of October in this year being Friday about four a clock in the morning, in Thanet House in Aldersgate Street, London, where her husband Mr Christopher Hatton and her mother my daughter of Thanet and most of her younger children then lay, was my grandchild the Lady Cecilia Hatton delivered of her first child which was a daughter, and was christened the 18^th of that month being Sunday by the name of Anne, myself by deputy²¹⁵ and my said daughter the Countess Dowager of Thanet, being the two godmothers, and Christopher Lord Hatton of Kirby grandfather to the said child being the godfather.

And I lay all this Christmas, in this year, in my own chamber in Appleby Castle in Westmorland where I use to lie.

In the year of Our Lord God 1669

The 22^nd of March in this year, the Prince of Tuscany, who is eldest son to Cosmo de Medici the great Duke of France in Italy,216 and some years since married the then Duke of Orleans’s daughter by his second wife, by whom he hath already had some children, came from his voyage from Corunna and from his visits of several princes in Christendom at their several Courts hither into England, landing then at Plymouth in Devonshire. From whence the 27^th of the same month he went to Exeter and so by continued days’ journeys, to Salisbury in Wiltshire, where whilst he lay he was magnificently entertained the 2^nd of the month following by the now Earl of Pembroke, at his house at Wilton²¹⁷ in that county. And the 5^th of the same he arrived safe at London, and came to the Court at Whitehall to the King and Queen and the Duke of York, where he lay for some time in the house called the Pall Mall near St James’s and then went to see the two universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and other remarkable places in this kingdom and on Friday the 4^th of June following, having before taken his leave of our said King and the rest, he came to Harwich where he embarked for Holland.

And the 29^th day of May in this year did my daughter the Countess Dowager of Thanet and her son Sackville Tufton and her two youngest daughters Lady Mary and Lady Anne Tufton go from Thanet House in Aldersgate Street in London town, from her daughter Lady Cecily Hatton, and her husband and their little daughter Anne, down into the country to Bolebroke House in Sussex where they continued to lie till the 8^th of the month following, and then returned back again to her said house in Aldersgate Street to lie in it as before.

And on Friday the 4^th of June this year did our Queen Catherine wife to our now King Charles the second, in her lodging in the Court at Whitehall near Westminster and London, miscarry of a child which she had gone about nine weeks withal, to her great grief this being the second or third child that she hath miscarried of.

The 5^th of this June did my cousin and godson Mr Edward Russell, third son to the now Earl of Bedford, come from his journey from his said father’s house at Woburn in Bedfordshire, from him and his Lady218 and some of their other children and their family hither into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland late in the evening so as I saw him not till the next morning that he came up into my chamber to me, where I then kissed him, it being the first time I ever saw him in any part of the lands of my inheritance, or that ever he was so far northwards, though his elder brother, William, the second son, had been with me before at Pendragon Castle in this county in June 1666. And this Mr Edward Russell now lay here in the Baron’s Chamber for ten nights together, in which time he went to see my castles of Brougham, Brough and Pendragon and other the chief places of this county. And on Tuesday the 15^th of this month in the morning, after he had taken his leave of me, he went away from hence by Brough and over Stainmore and those ways (though in his journey hither he came by Lancaster and Kendal) and so went now onwards on his journey home towards the said Woburn House in Bedfordshire, whither the said Mr Edward Russell came safe to his father and mother and some other of their children about them.

And the 7^th of this June whilst my said cousin and godson Mr Edward Russell was here, did my grandchildren Mr John and Mr Richard Tufton, second and third sons to my daughter the Countess Dowager of Thanet, come hither into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland to me, where I then in my own chamber and kissed them both with much contentment, I having not seen my said grandchild John since the 16^th of August 1664 when he went away from hence from me and from his mother and three youngest sisters (who were then also here with me) onwards on his journey towards London, until now, nor had I seen his brother Richard since the 15^th of August 1663 (which was almost nine months before his father died) when he went away from Skipton Castle in Craven from me with his mother and some of his brothers and his sister Lady Frances up towards London, until now. And now these two grandchildren of mine came from their journey from Great Chart, near their eldest brother the Earl of Thanet’s house at Hothfield in Kent, and from London, after some six weeks’ stay there and today from Bowes, and over Stainmore, and by Brough and those ways, hither into this Appleby Castle (as aforesaid) where they now lay together in the Green Chamber, which is under the withdrawing room, for seven nights together. In which time they went with my said cousin Russell to my castles of Brougham, Brough and Pendragon, to show him them and some other remarkable houses and places of this county. And when those seven nights were past, on Monday the 14^th of this month in the morning, after they had taken their leaves of me and my said cousin Russell (who stayed with me a day longer), they went away from hence by the same ways they came onwards on their journey towards London. And this was the first time that ever my grandchild Mr Richard Tufton was in Pendragon Castle aforesaid, whither he went with his brother and Mr Edward Russell the 11^th of this June.

And the 11^th of this June, whilst my said two grandchildren and my cousin and godson Mr Edward Russell were here, there came hither to me to Appleby Castle from his own house at Edlington in Yorkshire over Stainmore and those ways, my cousin Sir Thomas Wharton who is second and only brother to the now Lord Wharton. And so this Sir Thomas now lay with us for two or three nights in Caesar’s Tower here, which was the first time he ever lay in that tower and about the 16^th of this June he went away again.

And the 20^th or 21^st day of May in this year did my grandchild George Tufton, youngest son to my daughter Margaret, Countess Dowager of Thanet, take his leave of her and some of his brothers and sisters at Thanet House in Aldersgate Street in London town and go from thence to Dover in Kent and after some few days’ stay there for a fair wind, he took shipping for France. In which ship he went well and safe to Rochelle in France where he arrived and landed safely about the [blank] and from thence he went to Bordeaux and so to the baths called Muds in France. And about the beginning of September following he came from the hot baths in France upon the frontiers of Spain, took ship at Rochelle, and landed the 19^th day at Dover in Kent, and so came safe to his brother Mr John Tufton’s house in Kent and from thence to his eldest brother the Earl of Thanet’s house at Hothfield in that county and so to Bolebroke House in Sussex to his mother and his two youngest sisters to stay there with them for some while. But my said grandchild received little or no benefit by the said baths.219

The 3^rd of August in this year being Tuesday about six o’clock in the evening did my daughter Margaret, Countess Dowager of Thanet, with Mr Sackville Tufton her youngest son save one and her two youngest daughters Lady Mary and Lady Anne Tufton and their company, come from their journey from my said daughter’s house called Thanet House in Aldersgate Street at London and this day came over Stainmore, and those ways hither into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland and so up into my chamber to me, where I now kissed them with much joy and comfort, I having not seen this daughter of mine nor her said two youngest daughters since the 8^th of September in 1666 when they with Lady Cecily, another of her daughters, went away from me from Skipton Castle in Craven (where I then lay) back towards London until now. Nor had I seen her son Sackville Tufton since the 15^th of August 1663 when he with my said daughter his mother and three of his brothers, namely Richard, Thomas and George and his sister Lady Frances (since deceased), went away from me from Skipton Castle aforesaid (where I then also lay) back towards London again, until now.

And now they continued to lie here (my daughter with her youngest daughter Lady Anne in the Baron’s Chamber, and Lady Mary with her woman in the Sheriff’s Chamber near to it and Sackville Tufton in the best room in Caesar’s Tower here) for ten nights together. In which time, on Monday the 9^th of this August, they went in my coach to my castle of Pendragon in this county to see it, which was the first time my daughter or any of these her three children were ever in it, though most of her other children had been in it before. And on Friday the 13^th of this month about nine o’clock in the morning, after I had kissed them as taking my leave of them, they with their company went away hence from me to Brough, my said grandchild Mr Sackville Tufton going a little before to see my castle there, and the Roman Tower (for he had never been in them before) and afterwards, meeting his mother and sisters and their company again, they rid together over Stainmore, and so onwards on their journey towards London, whither they came safe and well to Thanet House in Aldersgate Street there the 21^st of that month and lay there in it for a time.

And the 21^st of this August being Saturday in the evening did the two judges of the assize for this Northern Circuit, namely Sir Christopher Turnor, one of the Barons of his Majesty’s Exchequer (who hath come hither often on the same occasion), and Thomas Waller esquire, sergeant at law, come from the city of Carlisle from holding the assizes there and so out of Cumberland over the river near Brougham Castle hither into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland, where I and my family now lie and where they now lay for four nights together, Judge Turnor in the Baron’s Chamber and Sergeant Waller in the best room in Caesar’s Tower. And when they were past (the assizes here at Appleby being ended) they went away from hence from me on Wednesday the 25^th of this month to Kendal, where they lay that night and the next day they went to Lancaster to keep the assizes there also and to finish their circuit. And my cousin Sir John Lowther of Lowther in this county lay here also in this castle, most part of the time of these assizes as usual.

And a little before this, on the 14^th of May last, did there come into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland to me from their journey out of Derbyshire, Sir Francis Rodes and his sister Mistress Jane Rodes, whose mother was the widow Lady Rodes my cousin german, she having been youngest daughter to my uncle of Cumberland and this was the first time I ever saw any of his generation in Westmorland.220 And with them there came hither to me Mr Roger Molineux who had been a colonel, and now also lives in Derbyshire. So these three lay here for three nights and on the 17^th of this month they went away from hence from me back again towards their own homes in Derbyshire.

And the 26^th of August, in this year being Thursday about noon, did my grandchild the Lady Margaret Coventry and her two children now only living, namely Mr John and Mistress Margaret Coventry and their company, come from their journey from her Lord’s house called Croome in Worcestershire, from whence they set forth on Thursday the 19^th instant, and came by Nottingham, Doncaster and over Stainmore and this day from Brough in Westmorland, hither into this Appleby Castle in the same county, and so up into my chamber to me where I now kissed them, with much joy and contentment, this being the first time that ever any of them were in Westmorland or in any part of the lands of my inheritance, as also the first time that ever I saw any to whom I am great-grandmother. And I had not seen my grandchild the Lady Margaret Coventry since she was married nor in a good while before. For I had not seen her since about the beginning of July 1649 when she was with me at Baynard’s Castle in London a little before I came quite away from thence, hither into the North to Skipton and Westmorland until now, Genesis 48.11.²²¹ And now they continued to lie here (my said grandchild the Lady Margaret Coventry in the Baron’s Chamber and her daughter Mistress Margaret Coventry with her mother’s gentlewoman in the Sheriff’s Chamber near to it and Mr John Coventry in the Green Chamber which is under the withdrawing room) for eight nights together. In which time, on Monday the 30^th of this August, they went in their coach from hence to Julian Bower in Whinfell Park to see it and from thence by the Three Brothers Tree in that park,²²² into Lowther Hall to my cousin Sir John Lowther and his Lady, where they dined. And from thence after dinner they went into my castle of Brougham in this county to see it, but came back again the same night hither into this Appleby Castle from whence on Friday the 3^rd of the month following, about nine o’clock in the morning after I had kissed them, as taking my leave of them, they with their company went from me by Brough and over Stainmore and those ways to the inn at Greta Bridge and the next day to the city of York to see it, where they lay two nights (the latter being Sunday). And on Monday the 6^th of the same September they continued their journey from hence homewards towards her Lord’s house at Croome in Worcestershire, whither they came safe and well, I thank God, to her Lord and husband, the 9^th of the same, lying one night by the way (amongst other places) in the city of Coventry in Warwickshire. Jeremiah 29.6; 30.19; Psalm 116.12–14.223

The 10^th day of September in this year, being now Friday, died Henrietta Maria, Queen Mother of England, in her house called Colombes in France some four miles from Paris,²²⁴ which house she had lately caused to be built herself, who if she had lived till the 16^th of November next, would have been sixty years old. She came first into England and was married in July 1625 to our King Charles the 1^st, who was afterwards unfortunately beheaded the 30^th of January in the year 1649 as the same begins on New Year’s day. During which time she had many children by him and amongst the rest our now King Charles the 2^nd. She was a woman of excellent perfections both of mind and body and was youngest child to Henry of Bourbon, the 4^th King of France who was treacherously killed when she was but about five months old. And on Wednesday the 10^th of November following in this year (according to the accompt of the Church of England) was performed the solemn funeral service for the said Queen Mother of England, in the abbey church of St Dennis near Paris in France, where her dead body was then buried after the form and magnificence as had been formerly used at the funeral of the Queen Mother of France. Job 7.1; Ecclesiastes 3; 8.6.

And the 7^th of this September in this year, being now Tuesday about five or six o’clock in the evening, did my son-in-law James Compton, Earl of Northampton, with his company, come from his journey from his own house at Castle Ashby in that county from my grandchild the Lady Alethea Compton his daughter and from his second wife and his children by her,²²⁵ hither into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland. For he set forth from Castle Ashby aforesaid on Tuesday the 31^st of the last month and lay two nights by the way (the 4^th and 5^th of this month, the latter being Sunday) in my castle of Skipton in Craven in the highest chamber of the great round tower there in which castle he had not been since the 11^th of April 1662 (as he was then in his journey to Brougham Castle in Westmorland to me) until now. And the 6^th of this month from thence he came to Kirkby Lonsdale and the 7^th day (as aforesaid) hither into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland to me, where I now kissed him in my own chamber, I having not seen him since the 19^th of May in the said year 1662 when he was then but newly a widower, by the death of my dear daughter his first wife and when he then went from me from Brougham Castle aforesaid, through Craven, by Barden Tower and those ways up towards London and the southern parts, until now. And now he lay here for three nights in the Baron’s Chamber, till the 10^th of this September, that he went from hence onwards on his journey towards Liddesdale in Scotland to see his aunt the Countess [Clanricarde] of Liddesdale,226 where he also lay three nights and two nights by the way at Carlisle in his going and coming. And on the 15^th instant returned back hither to Appleby Castle aforesaid to me where he lay in the Baron’s Chamber for five nights more. And when they were past, on Monday the 20^th of this month, in the morning before I saw him (for he took his leave of me in my chamber the night before), he went away again from hence with his company by Brough and over Stainmore and those ways, onwards on his journey towards his said house at Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire.

And the 9^th of this September in the forenoon, whilst my Lord of Northampton was here (so as it was now their fortune to meet together here), did my second Lord, the Earl of Pembroke’s, youngest son but one called Mr James Herbert with one Mr Thomas Saunders come from their houses in Oxfordshire to me into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland where I now kissed them both, it being the first time that ever I saw any of my second husband’s children in Westmorland or any part of my inheritance. And they now lay in Caesar’s Tower here for five nights together and on Tuesday the 14^th instant betimes, in the morning before I saw them, they (having taken their leaves of me the night before) went away from hence over Stainmore to the city of York and so onwards on their journey towards Oxfordshire again.

About the latter end of August in this year did my daughter the Countess Dowager of Thanet’s two youngest daughters, Lady Mary and Lady Anne Tufton, go from her out of her house called Thanet House in Aldersgate Street (by reason the smallpox was then so rife in that part of London) down into the country to Bolebroke House in Sussex, whither their said mother my daughter went down to them the 6^th or 7^th of the month following, to lie there in it with them for a time, till the 16^th of November following (as hereafter written) that she and they returned back to the said Thanet House again to her daughter Lady Cecily Hatton and her husband, and their little daughter Anne to lie there in it with them as before.

And the 1^st day of October this year did there come hither to me to Appleby Castle from their house not far from Naworth Castle in Cumberland, Edward Lord Morpeth (eldest son to my cousin Charles Howard, Earl of Carlisle) and his Lady227 who was one of the younger daughters to Sir William Uvedale by his second wife Victoria Cary, and widow to one of the Berkeleys that was killed at sea in the late wars. So she and her husband lay that one night in the Baron’s Chamber and they next day in the morning before I saw them, they and their company went away onwards on their journey towards London.

And the 19^th of this October about eleven o’clock in the forenoon did I and my family remove out of Appleby Castle to Brough Castle in Westmorland and coming out of my own chamber there I passed through the Great Chamber, and went into the chapel and through the hall, took my litter at the hall door in the court, and so passing through the town of Appleby, over the bridge and Sandford more, went through Warcop town into the said Brough Castle. And I had continued to lie in the said castle of Appleby in my chamber there from the 26^th of June 1668 till the time of my now removal, being a year and four months wanting some seven or eight days. And I had not lain in Brough Castle since the 19^th of April 1665, being three years and six months complete. And I now began to lie again in the round tower called Clifford’s Tower in the upper room next the leads in that Brough Castle where I did always use to lie since the repair of that castle, excepting some few nights that I lay in the Roman Tower. In which chamber of mine in Clifford’s Tower I now continued to lie for twenty-eight weeks together, till the 3^rd of May in the year following, that I removed from this Brough Castle into my castle of Pendragon in the same county to lie in it for a time.

And the 16^th of November this year did my daughter Margaret, Countess Dowager of Thanet, with her two youngest daughters Lady Marie and Lady Anne Tufton, after they had lain in Bolebroke House in Sussex ever since about the latter end of August and beginning of September before, remove from thence up to London again to my said daughter’s house called Thanet House in Aldersgate Street there, to her daughter Lady Cecily Hatton and her husband and their little daughter Anne and to her youngest son George Tufton, who then also lay there, though he had been down at Bolebroke aforesaid with his said mother and sisters but a little before when he was then but newly come from his journey from the hot baths in France near the borders of Spain, which he went to make use of for his lameness, though it seems they did him little good.

In the year of Our Lord God 1670

The 3^rd day of May, being Tuesday in this year, after I had lain in Brough Castle in Westmorland in the highest chamber in Clifford’s Tower there ever since the 19^th of October last, being six months and some fourteen days over, and after I had been a while in the forenoon in the Roman Tower there to see it, did I remove from thence to my horselitter (my women riding in my coach drawn with six horses and men servants on horseback) through Brough, Sowerby and Kirkby Stephen and within sight of Wharton Hall (though not through Wharton Park). I came safe and well into my castle of Pendragon in the same county and so up into my own chamber in it wherein I formerly used to lie and where I now continued to lie till the three day of August following that I removed from thence into my castle of Appleby in the same county to lie in it for a time.

The 29^th day of April in this year was Cardinal Paulus Emelius Alteiri elected and proclaimed Pope at Rome by the name of Clement the tenth, after there had been a vacancy ever since the 9^th of December last, which was the longest vacancy that hath been in the papacy, since the reigns of Henry the 4^th, Henry 5^th and Henry the 6^th.228

The 16^th of May in this year being Monday did the Princess Henrietta Maria, wife to the Duke of Orleans, who was youngest daughter to our late King and Queen and youngest sister to our now King Charles the 2^nd, come from her journey out of France from the said Duke her husband, and so from Dunkirk over sea into England and landed this day at Dover in Kent. Whither our said King, her brother, with the Duke of York and Prince Rupert, went to meet her. And afterwards on the 18^th instant the Queen and Duchess of York went also towards Dover to visit her. And after this Princess Henrietta had made a short stay there she returned back into France, and being arrived at St Cloud which is within four or five miles of Paris, she was taken with a sudden and violent distemper (thought to be a kind of bilious colic) whereof she died there on Monday the 20^th of the month following about four o’clock in the morning. Which sad news was brought into England to Whitehall the 22^nd of the same month by an express from Mr Montague our King’s Ambassador at Paris,229 to the great grief of his Majesty and the rest of her relations.

And the 20^th of this May being Friday, before nine o’clock in the morning, was my grandchild the Lady Cecily Hatton delivered of her second child, which was also a daughter, in Thanet House in Aldersgate Street in London town where she and her husband then lay. Which child was christened the next day by the name of Margaret, her two grandmothers (namely my daughter Margaret, Countess Dowager of Thanet and my Lord Hatton’s Lady)²³⁰ being her godmothers and my Lord Fanshawe²³¹ her godfather.

The 10^th day of June in this year being Friday did my dear grandchild Lady Alethea Compton, youngest and only surviving child to the now James, Earl of Northampton, by my deceased daughter his first wife, come from her journey from her said father’s house at Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire, from him and his now wife and their children and family, hither into this Pendragon Castle in Westmorland to me where I now kissed her in my own chamber with much joy and comfort, it being the first time I ever saw her, though she be now nine years and three months old wanting but some four days. And this grandchild of mine set forth from Castle Ashby aforesaid, on Thursday the 2^nd of this month in her coach (attended by four gentlewomen, a gentleman, and other servants and also by Colonel Carr that lives at Skipton in Craven) and so came by Stamford, Newark, Doncaster, Wetherby, Knaresborough, and by my almshouse at Beamsley (which she went into to see it) into my castle of Skipton in Craven,²³² where she lay for two nights together in the highest room of the great round tower at the end of the long gallery there (where her father and mother have lain formerly). And in that time, the 8^th instant, went for a while into my house or tower of Barden to see it and the next day being the 9^th day she came from Skipton to Kirkby Lonsdale, where she lay one night and from thence the 10^th day (as abovesaid) came safe, God be thanked, hither into this Pendragon Castle to me, where she now lay in that chamber over the Great Chamber which hath windows to the east and south, for thirty-three nights together. During which time, the 1^st of July, she went with her gentlewomen and my two gentlewomen to Hartley Castle to my cousin Mr Richard Musgrave and his wife and daughter for a while, and to Kirkby Stephen and Wharton Hall to see those places but came back again to me about six o’clock the same evening. And another time she went to see Mallerstang Chapel which I not long since had caused to be new builded.

And the 13^th of July this grandchild of mine, after I had kissed her and she taken her leave of me and after she with her company had lain here over since the 10^th of the last month, went from hence to my castle of Brough to see it and the Roman Tower there and so from thence over Stainmore onwards on her journey towards Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire, whither she came safe and well (I thank God) the 23^rd of that month to her father. Jeremiah 29.6; 30.19; Psalm 116.12–14.

And the same 10^th of this June a little after she was come hither did my dear grandchild Mr Thomas Tufton, fourth son and seventh child to my daughter Margaret, Countess Dowager of Thanet, and now one of the burgesses in Parliament for the corporation of Appleby, come from his journey from London and the southern parts and to day from the inn at Greta Bridge and so over Stainmore hither also into this Pendragon Castle in Westmorland and so up into my chamber to me, where I kissed him with much joy and contentment I having not seen him since the 30^th of September 1668 that he went the day following from Appleby Castle (where I and my family then lay) up towards London, until now. And now he lay in this Pendragon Castle in the chamber over the great chamber which adjoins to my grandchild Lady Alethea’s chamber for ten nights together, in which time, the 13^th of this month, he went to see several remarkable places about this castle as namely Wildboar Fell, Hugh Seat Morville,233 and Hellgill Bridge. And the 16^th of this month he went to Edenhall in Cumberland to my cousin Sir Philip Musgrave, calling by the way at Acorn Bank in this county to see Mr John Dalston. And the 18^th of this month he went to Kendal in this county to see it and into the ruinous castle and the church there and to Mr George Sedgwick’s house at Collinfield,234 where he dined with him and came back also the same night into this Pendragon Castle again. From whence on Monday the 20^th instant betimes in the morning before I saw him, he went away onwards on his journey towards Scotland (by the city of Carlisle and those ways) and saw most of the remarkable cities and places in that kingdom as namely Dumfries, Douglas, Hamilton, and the Duke’s palace there (where he was nobly treated by Duke Hamilton)²³⁵ and from thence went to the city of Glasgow, where he gave a visit to the Archbishop²³⁶ at the castle, and saw the university there, and thence went to the town and castle of Dumbarton, thence to the town of Stirling thence to the city of Edinburgh, thence to a place called Bask Island (which is so remarkable for Soland Geese). And so from thence out of Scotland he returned back by the town of Berwick upon Tweed, Newcastle and Barnard Castle, hither into Pendragon Castle to me the 7^th of the month following, where he lay for about eleven nights more. In which time, the 15^th of the same July, he went with some of my chief folks through Whinfell Park and by my castle of Brougham into Dacre Castle in Cumberland, then to Dunmallerd Hill²³⁷ and so down to Ullswater to see those places, but they came back to Brougham Castle aforesaid where they lay that one night (my grandchild lying in the Baron’s Chamber). And the next day from thence by Julian Bower and the same ways they went, he and they came back into this Pendragon Castle again. And on the 18^th of this July betimes in the morning after I had kissed him and he taken his leave of me in my chamber, he rid away from hence from me and so over Stainmore onwards on his journey towards London. Jeremiah 29.6; 30.19; Psalm 116.12–14.

The 3^rd day of August in this year being Wednesday, after I had lain in Pendragon Castle in Westmorland (in the same chamber wherein I formerly used to lie) ever since the 3^rd of May last being a just quarter of a year, did I remove from thence in my horselitter, and my family towards my castle of Appleby in the same county, so as we now went within sight of Wharton Hall, Brough Castle and Hartley Castle and through Wateby and Soulby and over Soulby Mask to my said castle of Appleby safe and well I thank God. Where I alighted, and came through the hall, the chapel, the Great Chamber, and the withdrawing room (in every of which I stayed a while to see them) and so up into my own chamber in it wherein I formerly used to lie, and where I had not been since the 19^th of October last that I removed from thence to Brough Castle and from thence the 3^rd of May last to Pendragon Castle aforesaid, until this 3^rd of August that I came hither again. And I now continued to lie in this Appleby Castle till the 14^th of October following that I removed from thence with my family into my castle of Brougham in the same county to lie in it for a time.

The 13^th day of August being Saturday in the afternoon did the two judges of assize for this Northern Circuit, namely Sir Christopher Turnor and Sir Timothy Littleton, two of the Barons of his Majesty’s Exchequer, come from the city of Carlisle in Cumberland, from holding the assizes there and so out of that county, over the river, near my castle of Brougham, hither into my castle of Appleby in Westmorland, where I and my family now lie and where these judges now held the assizes for this county also in the town hall here in Appleby, which was the first time that ever the said Sir Timothy Littleton came hither on this occasion, though the other hath come this circuit for several years last past. And they now lay here in this castle for four nights together, Judge Turnor in the Baron’s Chamber and Judge Littleton in the best room in Caesar’s Tower. And when they were past (the assizes here being ended) they went away hence from me on Wednesday the 17^th of this month to Kendal where they lay that night. And the next day they went to Lancaster, where also they stayed some days to keep the assizes for that county and so finished their circuit.

The 8^th day of September being Thursday did Mr William Edge, who had been formerly my domestic servant and is now receiver general of my southern rents, come with his second and new married wife who was a widow and whom I never saw before, from their journey from London (where they live) through Staffordshire and Lancashire, and today from Kendal hither into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland to me, where they now lay for seven nights together in the Baron’s Chamber. And when they were past on Thursday the 15^th of this month, after they had taken their leaves of me in the morning, they went away from hence onwards on their journey towards London again. And I had not seen William Edge these good many years before, till now.

And this September whilst I lay in Appleby Castle a little before my removal thence to Brougham Castle did my daughter Margaret, Countess Dowager of Thanet, go from Thanet House in Aldersgate Street in London town down into the country to Kirkby in Northamptonshire (which is not far from Lilford) to her daughter Lady Cecily Hatton and her two little children, Anne and Margaret, whither she came to them the 22^nd of that month. But her son-in-law the now Lord Hatton was then beyond the seas in the Isle of Guernsey, which island the King lately made him governor of.238 And after my daughter had lain at Kirkby aforesaid for four or five nights she came back again to her said house called Thanet House at London.

And the 14^th day of October being Friday about nine or ten o’clock in the forenoon, after I had lain in Appleby Castle ever since the 3^rd of August last that I came from Pendragon Castle thither, did I remove with my family from thence, coming through the withdrawing chamber, and Great Chamber into the chapel for a while, and so through the hall, took my litter at the hall door in the court, in which I rid through the town of Appleby, over the bridge, and so through Crackenthorp, Kirkbythure, Temple Sowerby, Woodside and by the Hart’s Horn Tree (which I looked upon a while). I came safe and well, I thank God, into my castle of Brougham in the same county about three o’clock in the afternoon having been accompanied hither by several of the gentry of this county and of my neighbours and tenants both through the Great Chamber, and Painted Chamber, and the little passage room into my own chamber where I formerly used to lie, and where my noble father was born and my blessed mother died. And I had not been in this Brougham Castle since the 26^th of June 1668 when I removed thence to Appleby Castle aforesaid until now. And I now continued to lie in my said chamber in Brougham Castle till the 17^th of August following that I removed with my family to the said Appleby Castle again, so as the time of my stay at Brougham was ten months and three days. In which time, the 12^th of December in this year (as is hereafter written), died my dear grandchild Mr George Tufton, youngest son to my daughter Margaret, Countess Dowager of Thanet.²³⁹

And before I removed (as abovesaid) from Appleby Castle to Brougham Castle, on the eighth of September in this year, being Thursday, was my grandchild the Lady Mary Tufton, youngest daughter and child but one to my daughter Margaret, Countess Dowager of Thanet, married to Mr William Walter, eldest son to Sir William Walter of Sarsden, not far from Woodstock in Oxfordshire, whose father was that Sir John Walter that was Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer in the time of our late King Charles the 1^st. And this young couple were married together in St Botolph’s church in Aldersgate Street at London, by Doctor Wells,240 minister of that parish, there being present at the marriage Christopher Lord Hatton her brother-in-law (who gave her in marriage) and her mother my daughter of Thanet, and the Lady Diana Curson,²⁴¹ Mr Cecil Tufton and his wife and son and daughter,²⁴² and Mr Offlet Groom Porter and others. And the said new married couple lay for five nights together in my daughter of Thanet’s house in Aldersgate Street aforesaid. And when they were past, the 13^th of this month, they went down towards their father’s house at Sarsden in Oxfordshire to live there with him.

The 24^th of October in this year being Monday the two Houses of Parliament, the Lords and Commons (according to their adjournment), reassembled at Westminster, where our now King Charles was then present in the House of Lords habited in his royal robes, and crown upon his head. And having taken his place with the usual ceremonies in the Chair of Estate, his Majesty made a gracious speech, in short, to both the Houses leaving the Lord Keeper to open the particulars more at large.

And the 27^th of this October did his Highness William of Nassau, Prince of Orange,²⁴³ eldest and only child to our now King of England’s eldest sister deceased,²⁴⁴ take ship at the Briel in Holland in which he came over sea into England, and landed at Margate the 29^th of the same month in the morning from whence immediately he rid post to Canterbury, and thence passed by coach to Rochester where he lay that one night. And the next day being the 30^th day he came to Gravesend, and so from thence in a barge along the river of Thames to Whitehall to his uncle our said King of England and Her Majesty and to the Duke and Duchess of York, who all of them received him with great demonstration of affection and joy, this being the first time that ever this young prince came into England. And he now begun to lie in those lodgings by the Cockpit at Whitehall wherein my late Lord the Earl of Pembroke did use to lie, and wherein that Lord of mine died. And in a short time after this young Prince went to Windsor Castle, where he lay one night and then to both universities of Oxford and Cambridge and to Audley End House to see them, and other remarkable houses and places in this kingdom. And on Monday the 13^th of February following, he with the Earl of Ossory²⁴⁵ (whom the King appointed to attend him in the voyage) went from Whitehall and so from London down by Rochester in Kent to Sheerness, where he took shipping that evening in one of His Majesty’s yachts, and so went safe and well over seas into his own country, to the Hague in Holland, to live there again, and in other places in the Low Countries as before.

And the 12^th day of December being Monday about twelve o’clock at noon, to the unspeakable grief of me, and his mother my daughter the Countess Dowager of Thanet, died my dear grandchild Mr George Tufton, her youngest son, in Thanet House in Aldersgate Street in London town, when he was twenty years old and almost six months over. For he was born into the world in Hothfield House in Kent the 30^th day of June in 1650 and he died of a wound which he got about four years since by a shot in the wars in Germany, so as his dead body was opened and inward parts taken out and viewed by a physician and surgeon and found to be so much decayed by reason of the said wound that they wondered he should live so long after having received it. And afterwards his dead body, with the bowels enclosed again in it, was buried in the church at Rainham in Kent, by his father and two of his sisters, namely the first Lady Anne Tufton246 and the Lady Frances Drax. And both when he died and was buried did I lie in my chamber in Brougham Castle in Westmorland wherein my noble father was born and my blessed mother died.

In the year of Our Lord God 1671

The 31^st day of March in this year, being Friday, in the King’s house at St James’s near Whitehall and the river of Thames and not far from London town, died that Anne Hyde that was Duchess of York in one of the chambers wherein had formerly died Queen Mary and Prince Henry, James, Duke of York, her husband being present at her death and her three children that are living (whereof two are daughters and one a son)²⁴⁷ being then also in the house. And on the fifth of the month following betwixt nine and ten of the clock at night, her dead body, after it had been opened, was accompanied from the Painted Chamber in the palace at Westminster by his Highness Prince Rupert who appeared a chief mourner and most of the English nobility and was buried in a large vault on the south side of Henry the 7^th’s chapel in Westminster Abbey.

And the 17^th day of August being Thursday in the forenoon, after I had lain in my castle of Brougham in Westmorland, in the chamber wherein my noble father was born and my blessed mother died ever since the 14^th of October last, did I go for a little while out of it into the room adjoining being the middle room in the great Pagan Tower, and into that part of it where my old servant Jane Bricknell died, and so came into my own chamber again. Where after a short stay, I went from thence about eleven o’clock of the same day through the little passage room, and the Painted Chamber, and Great Chamber, and the hall, down into the garden for a while, and from thence back into the court of that castle, where I took my horselitter in which I rid by the pillar that I erected in memory of my last parting there with my blessed mother,248 and so, through part of Whinfell Park to Julian Bower and from thence out of that park I went over Eden Bridge, and through the towns of Temple Sowerby, Kirkbythure and Crackenthorp, and down the Slape Stones, and over Appleby Bridge, and near the church, and through Appleby town. I came safe and well, I thank God, into my castle of Appleby in the same county about four o’clock in the afternoon (my women attending me in my coach drawn with six horses, and my menservants on horseback, and a great many of the chief gentry of this county, and of my neighbours, and tenants accompanying me in this my removal). So after I was now alighted in this Appleby Castle I went through the hall up into the chapel for a while, and into the Great Chamber, and so up the green stairs, and through the withdrawing chamber, into my own chamber where I formerly used to lie, and where I had not been since the said 14^th of October last until now. And I now continued to lie in this chamber of mine for three months together, till the 17^th of November following, that I removed from hence with my family to my castle of Pendragon in the same county to lie in it for a time.

And the 25^th of this August whilst I lay in Appleby Castle in Westmorland did my daughter Margaret, Countess Dowager of Thanet, and her youngest daughter the Lady Anne Tufton, after they had lain [blank] nights in Bolebroke House in Sussex, remove with her family from thence up into her house in Aldersgate Street in London town to lie in it as before.

And the 2^nd day of September in this year being Saturday did Sir Timothy Littleton, who is one of the Barons of His Majesty’s Exchequer and now one of the judges of assize for this Northern Circuit, come from the city of Carlisle in Cumberland (from his fellow judge Sir William Wilde, who was detained there longer by occasion of much business) and so over the rivers of Emont and Lowther near my castle of Brougham in Westmorland where he was met by my undersheriff Mr Thomas Gabetis and several of my servants with my coach and six horses, in which he came about five o’clock in the afternoon hither into this Appleby Castle in the same county.

10 The Countess Pillar, Brougham, Westmorland (now Cumbria)

And on the Monday following being the 4^th of the same month did the said Sir William Wilde, who is one of the justices of His Majesty’s Court of Common Pleas and now the other judge of assize for this Northern Circuit, come from the said city of Carlisle, being met by the way at Emont Bridge by my said sheriff and others with my coach, in like manner as the former judge was and so came in it hither into Appleby Castle to him, and me, and us here. So these two judges now lay here till the 6^th day of this month, Judge Littleton four nights in the best room in Caesar’s Tower, and Judge Wilde two nights in the Baron’s Chamber, during which time they held the assizes in the moot hall in Appleby town and dispatched business for the people of this county as usual. And on the said 6^th instant being Wednesday (having taken their leaves of me in my chamber), they went away from hence part of the way in my coach attended by some of my servants towards Kendal, intending to lie there one night and the next day to go to Lancaster to hold the assizes for that county also, and so to finish their circuit. And this was the first time that ever Sir William Wilde came hither on this occasion, though the other judge had been here the year before.

And whilst the assizes were held here at Appleby as aforesaid, on Monday the 4^th of this September, did my cousin Philip Lord Wharton and his two eldest sons, Thomas and Goodwin, and a grandchild of my Lord Wenman’s249 come hither into Appleby Castle to me, but went that night to Wharton Hall in this county. Also my cousin Sir Philip Musgrave of Edenhall came hither to me the same day with them, and lay in one of the best upper chambers in Caesar’s Tower one night, and the next day went away again. And the said Lord Wharton’s three daughters that are unmarried whom he had by his second wife were also here with me for a while these assizes. For during the time of these assizes did I lie in my own chamber in Appleby Castle in Westmorland.

And the 3^rd day of this September being Sunday about seven o’clock in the morning was my grandchild the Lady Mary Walter, fifth daughter and ninth child to my daughter the Countess Dowager of Thanet, brought to bed of her first child, which was a son, in Thanet House in Aldersgate Street in London town where her husband Mr William Walter and her said mother and youngest sister Lady Anne Tufton then lay. And the 7^th of that month in the same house was this child christened by the name of William after his father, my said daughter standing as deputy godmother in my stead, and the child’s father standing as deputy godfather in his father’s stead, and Mr David Walter was the other godfather. And the 21^st of the same month (to my great grief and sorrow) this little William Walter my godson died, being but three weeks old wanting two days, and his dead body was opened and towards the latter end of the same month was carried to Church Hill near Sarsden in Oxfordshire, and buried in the church there where his father’s relations lie buried. And so, both when this child was born, christened and died, and was buried did I lie all the time in my own chamber in Appleby Castle in Westmorland.

And the 17^th of November in this year being Friday about ten o’clock in the forenoon, after I had lain in my chamber in Appleby Castle in Westmorland ever since the 17^th of August last being just three months, did I remove with my family from thence, coming through the withdrawing chamber and Great Chamber into the chapel for a while, and so through the hall I took my litter at the hall door in the court, in which I rid by the High Cross in Appleby, and through Scattergate and over Soulby Mask, and through Soulby and Wateby, and over Ashfell into the forest of Mallerstang and so came safe and well, I thank God, into my castle of Pendragon there in the same county about four o’clock in the afternoon having been accompanied in the way by several of the gentry of this country and of my neighbours and tenants both of Appleby, Kirkby Stephen and Mallerstang etc. And my two gentlewomen and women servants rid in my coach drawn with six horses and my menservants on horseback, but we had a great storm of rain and wind towards the latter end of the journey. And after the company had taken their leaves of me here at Pendragon Castle, I came up the stairs, and through the Great Chamber into my own chamber on the west side of it, where I formerly used to lie, and where I had not been since the 3^rd day of August 1670 (being a year, three months and some fourteen days) until now, and where I now continued to lie for five months and two days, till the 19^th of April following (being in the year 1672) that I removed from hence again into my castle of Brough in the same county to lie in it for a time.

In the year of Our Lord God 1672

For on this 19^th of April 1672 (as aforesaid) being Friday, about ten o’clock in the forenoon after I had lain in my chamber in Pendragon Castle in Westmorland ever since the 17^th of November last, did I remove out of it, and came through the Great Chamber, down the stairs into the court, where at the hall door, I went into my horselitter, in which I rid through the gatehouse there, and through the river of Eden, and over a part of Askfell, and through Wharton Park, and in sight of that Hall, and through Kirkby Stephen, and Brough Sowerby to my castle of Brough in the same county, my gentlewomen and maidservants attending to me in my coach drawn with six horses, and my menservants on horseback and a great many of my tenants and neighbours of Mallerstang, Kirkby Stephen, Brough and Appleby and other places in this county coming along with me. And so we came to my said castle of Brough about one o’clock in the afternoon where in the court of it I alighted out of my litter, and came up stairs into the hall, where all the strangers that accompanied me took their leaves of me, and went away to their several homes and from thence I came up stairs into the Great Chamber and through it and the chamber adjoining, I came into my own chamber in Clifford’s Tower where I formerly used to lie, and where nor in this castle, I had not been since the 3^rd of May in 1670 until now. And now I continued to lie in it till the 15^th of August following (being just four months but for four days) and then I removed from hence again (as shall be here under written) into my castle of Appleby in the same county to lie in it for a time.

And the 30^th day of July in this year being Tuesday whilst I lay in Brough Castle as aforesaid did my daughter Margaret, Countess Dowager of Thanet, and her youngest child the Lady Anne Tufton and second son Mr John Tufton with their servants, come from their journey from Thanet House in Aldersgate Street at London, and the last night from the inn at Greta Bridge in Yorkshire, and over Stainmore into Brough Castle in Westmorland, and so into my chamber in Clifford’s Tower there to me, where I kissed them with great satisfaction and joy, I having not seen my said dear daughter, nor grandchild Lady Anne, since the 13^th of August 1669, when they with other two of my grandchildren, namely Mr Sackville Tufton and Lady Mary Tufton, went away from me from Appleby (as where I then lay) back towards London, until now. Nor had I seen my said grandchild Mr John Tufton since the 14^th of June in the said year 1669 that he and his brother Mr Richard had been with me in Appleby Castle aforesaid for about a week and then went back again towards London, until now. And they now lay in Brough Castle, my daughter, and her daughter with their women lying in the room at the north-west corner of the Great Chamber and her said son Mr John with their menservants lying in the great Roman Tower there for seven nights together. And when they were past, on Tuesday the 6^th of the month following, in the morning, I having kissed them in my said chamber, as taking my leave of them, they went away from thence over Stainmore again, and so onwards on their journey towards London, whither they came safe and well (I thank God) the 14^th day of the same month to Thanet House in Aldersgate Street there.

The 15^th day of August in this year did I remove with my family out of the said Brough Castle into my castle of Appleby in the same county, coming along in my horselitter attended by my women servants in my coach, and my menservants on horseback, with a great many of my neighbours and tenants of both places through Warcop, Bongate and over Appleby Bridge, through the town, up into the court of the said Appleby Castle, where I alighted and went through the hall up into the chapel for a while, and then through the Great Chamber and withdrawing chamber. I came into my own chamber where I formerly used to lie, and where I had not been since the 17^th of November last, till now, and where I now continued to lie till the 28^th of January following (being five months and about a fortnight over) that I removed from thence into my castle of Brougham in the same county to lie in it for a time.

The 28^th of this August did Mr Richard Sackville, third son to the now Earl and Countess of Dorset, come from his journey out of Scotland from his sister Homes250 (who lives there) and from the city of Carlisle (where he lay the night before) hither into Appleby Castle in Westmorland, though I saw him not till the next day that he came up into my chamber to me, where I kissed him, it being the first time I ever saw him, or that he or any of his parent’s children were in any part of the lands of my inheritance, so [he] now lay in the Baron’s chamber here for three nights together and on Saturday the 31^st of the same month he went away from hence again, to Kendal, and so onwards on his journey towards London.

The same 31^st of August in the evening did Sir William Wilde, one of the justices of the Court of Common Pleas, and Sir Timothy Littleton, one of the Barons of His Majesty’s Exchequer, who are now the two judges of assize for this Northern Circuit (as they also were the last year) came from their journey from Carlisle, hither into Appleby Castle in Westmorland where they now lay, the first in the Baron’s Chamber, and the other in the best room in Caesar’s Tower for four nights together. In which time they held the assizes for this county in the town hall here and on Wednesday the 4^th of the same month they (having taken their leaves of me in my chamber) went away towards Kendal intending for Lancaster tomorrow to keep the assizes there also, which is the last place they have to go to in this circuit.

Also my cousin Sir Philip Musgrave of Edenhall and my cousin Sir John Lowther of Lowther lay in this Appleby Castle most part of the time of these assizes as usual.

And the 11^th of October in this year being Friday did my daughter Margaret, Countess Dowager of Thanet, with her youngest daughter and child the Lady Anne Tufton remove out of Thanet House in Aldersgate Street at London and so in their coach over London Bridge into her house at Bolebroke in Sussex to lie there in it for a time, which was the first time they came to that house after they and my said daughter’s second son Mr John Tufton, had been with me at Brough Castle in Westmorland but the August before. For they went from thence from me but the 6^th of that month towards London. And my said daughter continued to lie in Bolebroke House aforesaid till the 26^th day of December following that she removed from thence back again to Thanet House aforesaid. But by the way she lay one night in the inn at Croydon in Surrey, which was the first time she ever lay in that inn wherein her father’s dead body did lie one night many years before, as he was carried from Dorset House in London to his burial in Withyham church in Sussex.

And the 29^th of December in this year being Sunday about midnight did there fall a violent storm of thunder and lightning upon the island of Guernsey, which taking hold of the magazine powder blew up and destroyed Cornet Castle, which was the garrison of that island. By the ruins whereof were killed (to my great grief and sorrow) my dear grandchild the Lady Cecily Hatton, wife to Christopher, Lord Hatton, the governor there.251 And with her the old Lady Dowager Hatton his mother, ²⁵² and many of his officers, soldiers and attendants. But by God’s merciful providence my said dear grandchild’s children that she left behind her, which are three daughters as also their said father and some relations of theirs that were there, were preserved alive. But the dead bodies of my said grandchild and her Lord’s mother were brought over into England to Portsmouth etc. and interred in the abbey of Westminster the 11^th of the month following.

In the year of our Lord God 1673

The 28^th day of January in this year being Tuesday, about one o’clock after noon, I removed out of Appleby Castle in Westmorland with my family after I had lain in it ever since the 15^th of August before, into my castle of Brougham in the same county, where I had not been since the 17^th of August 1671 till now. And now as I came from Appleby Castle I went through the withdrawing chamber and Great Chamber into the chapel for a while, where being taken with a swooning fit, I was carried into the Green Chamber and after I was by God’s blessing recovered of it, I came from thence again down the stairs through the hall into the court, from whence, being a-taken by another fit of swooning, I was carried up for a while into the Baron’s Chamber, but having also by God’s blessing got well past it, I went down again into the court where I took my horselitter, in which I rid through Appleby town, and over the bridge there, and through Crackenthorp, Kirkbythure, Temple Sowerby and Woodside into the court of Brougham Castle aforesaid whither I came safe and well, I thank God, about four o’clock that afternoon. And there I alighted and went upstairs into the hall, where all the company of my neighbours and tenants and others that came along with me took their leaves of me and went away. And I came upstairs through the Great Chamber and Painted Chamber, and that passage room, into my own chamber in the said Brougham Castle wherein my noble father was born and my blessed mother died, and where I now continued to lie till the 30^th of July following that I removed from thence with my family to Appleby Castle in the same county to lie in it for a time.

The 23^rd of February in this year being Sunday about seven o’clock in the morning was my grandchild the Lady Mary Walter253 brought to bed and safely (I thank God) delivered of her second child, which is her first daughter, in her mother my daughter of Thanet’s house in Aldersgate Street at London. Which child was christened the 26^th of that month by the name of Mary, the Countess of Kent²⁵⁴ (whose mother²⁵⁵ was my god-daughter) being the one godmother and my said daughter of Thanet the other and Sir William Walter the godfather.

The 17^th day of April in this year was my dear grandchild the Lady Anne Tufton, youngest child to my daughter Margaret, Countess Dowager of Thanet, married in St Botolph’s church, Aldersgate Street at London, to Mr Samuel Grimston, a widower, whose first wife was daughter to Sir Heneage Finch the King’s Attorney General by whom he had one only daughter now living, and himself is only son to Sir Harbottle Grimston, Master of the Rolls,²⁵⁶ who with his Lady²⁵⁷ and many others of his relations were present at the marriage as also my said grandchild’s relations, her sister the Lady Margaret Coventry and her children, and three of her brothers, Mr John, Mr Richard and Mr Thomas Tufton and others, I then lying in Brougham Castle in Westmorland as I also did at the time of their removal, which was the 8^th of the month following. For then this new married couple went from her mother my said daughter’s house in Aldersgate Street aforesaid, to his father’s house at the Rolls²⁵⁸ to live there with him and his Lady. Ecclesiastes 3; 8.6; Proverbs 20.24; Psalm 26.11–13;259 Psalm 121.

The 13^th day of June in this year were my great-grandchildren, my Lord Hatton’s three little daughters that he had by my deceased grandchild the Lady Cecily Hatton, carried from Cornet Castle in the Isle of Guernsey from their said father the now governor of that island to the seaside, where they took ship in the Hatton yacht and landed in England at Portsmouth the 15^th of that month, from whence they continued their journey towards London and came well thither the 18^th of that month to Thanet House in Aldersgate Street to their grandmother, my daughter of Thanet, to live there with her. And that was the first time she ever saw those three grandchildren of hers since their mother’s death by the unhappy accident herein above related. Psalm 90.15–17.²⁶⁰

The 17^th day of July in this year did my daughter the Countess Dowager of Thanet, with her daughter the Lady Mary Walter and her husband Mr William Walter, go from Thanet House in Aldersgate Street at London (leaving behind her there her said three grandchildren my Lord Hatton’s daughters) down to Sir Harbottle Grimston, the Master of the Rolls, [to] his house called Gorhambury near St Albans in Hertfordshire,²⁶¹ to her youngest daughter the Lady Anne Grimston wife to the Master of the Rolls’s only son, where they lay for thirteen nights together. And the 30^th of the same month they returned back from thence to Thanet House again.

And the same 30^th of July being Wednesday in the forenoon, after I had lain in Brougham Castle in Westmorland in the chamber wherein my noble father was born and my blessed mother died for about half a year, ever since the 28^th of January last, did I go for a while out of it into the middle room in the great Pagan Tower, where my old servant Jane Bricknell died and then came into my own chamber again. Where after a short stay I went from thence through the little passage room and the Painted Chamber and Great Chamber and the hall down into the court of that castle, where I went into my horselitter in which I rid (being attended by my women in my coach drawn with six horses, and my menservants on horseback) along by the Pillar (that I erected in memory of my last parting there with my blessed mother) and through Whinfell Park and by the Hart’s Horn Tree and the Three Brothers Tree and Julian Bower and through the entry, and so out of that park (crossing the two rivers of Lyvennett and Eden). I went through Kirkbythure, Crackenthorp, Battleburgh and over Appleby Bridge and through the town into Appleby Castle, whither I came well (I thank God) about three in the afternoon having been accompanied most part of the way by many of the chief gentry of this country and others and by my neighbours and tenants hereabouts. And so after I was now alighted in the court of this Appleby Castle, I came through the hall, and upstairs into the chapel and Great Chamber and from thence up the green stairs and through the withdrawing room into my own chamber, where I formerly used to lie and where I had not been since the said 28^th of January last, till now and where I now continued to lie till the 20^th day of March following that I removed from hence with my family to my castle of Pendragon in the same county to lie in it for a time.

The 9^th day of August in the evening did Sir William Wilde baronet, one of the justices of the King’s Bench, and Sir William Ellis knight, one of the justices of his Majesty’s Court of Common Pleas, and now the two appointed judges for this Northern Circuit, come from their journey from Carlisle in Cumberland from holding the assizes there for that county, hither into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland, where they now lay the first in the Baron’s Chamber and the other in the best room in Caesar’s Tower, for four nights together, and in that time kept the assizes in the moot hall in Appleby town. Which being ended they went away from hence from me on Wednesday the 13^th of the same. And my cousin Sir John Lowther of Lowther lay here most part of the time of these assizes as usual, but not my cousin Sir Philip Musgrave though he was here on Monday the 11^th instant most part of the day and went home in the evening.

The 21^st day of November in this year did the Duchess of Modena262 with her daughter and many persons of quality come from their journey out of Italy (their own country) and landed at Dover in Kent, where His Royal Highness, the Duke of York, met them and married the said Duchess’s daughter for his second wife. And they all came together to London and Whitehall and St James’s the 26^th of that month. And the 30^th day of the month following did the said Duchess of Modena, mother to the now Duchess of York, go from her and her husband the Duke, from St James’s and Whitehall, and so out of England, onwards on her journey back into Italy to her own home there.

In the year of Our Lord God 1674

The 20^th day of January in this year beginning Tuesday, between one and two o’clock in the afternoon, was my grandchild the Lady Mary Walter brought to bed of her third child, which was her 2^nd son in Thanet House in Aldersgate Street at London, which child was christened the next day by the name of John, Sir William Walter the grandfather and Mr William the father being the two godfathers and myself (by deputy) the godmother. But my said dear grandchild the day after her delivery as aforesaid was taken with the disease of the smallpox, whereof she died there (to my great grief and sorrow) the 31^st of the same month, at the age of twenty-one years and about six months over. And her dead body was carried the 5^th of the month following to Church Hill near Sarsden in Oxfordshire and buried the 7^th of the same in the vault of the church there, where her eldest son and her husband’s relations lie buried. And during that time of her delivery, death and burial, as aforesaid, did I lie in my own chamber in Appleby Castle in Westmorland.

And the 23^rd of this January died in Arundel House of a fit of the stone Elizabeth Stuart, Countess Dowager of Arundel, and was buried in Arundel church or chapel in Sussex by her husband Henry Howard, Earl of Arundel, by whom she had eight sons and two daughters. And part of her jointure was the castle and barony of Greystoke in Cumberland.

And the 20^th day of March being about ten o’clock in the forenoon after I had lain in my chamber in Appleby Castle in Westmorland ever since the 30^th of July last did I remove with my family out of it and came down through the withdrawing chamber, Great Chamber, and hall into the court, where I went into my horselitter in which I rid (being attended by my women in my coach, and my menservants on horseback, with several of my neighbours and tenants) through Scattergate, and over Soulby Mask, and through Soulby, and Wateby, to my castle of Pendragon in the same county, whither I came safe and well, I thank God, about three o’clock in the afternoon. And there, after those of the gentry and other my neighbours and tenants that accompanied me had taken their leaves of me, I came upstairs through the Great Chamber into my own chamber on the west side of it, where I had not been since the 19^th of April in 1672 till now, and where I now continued to lie till the 24^th of September following, being about half a year, and then I removed from thence to my castle of Brough in the same county, to lie in it for a time.

And the 29^th of May did my grandchild Mr Thomas Tufton, fourth son and seventh child to my daughter of Thanet, and one of the burgesses in Parliament for the corporation of Appleby, come from his journey from London hither into this Pendragon Castle to me where I kissed him with great satisfaction, I having not seen him since the 18^th of July 1670 that he had been at this same castle with me till now. And now he lay here seven nights together in which time he went to Appleby to see the mayor and aldermen and to Acorn Bank to see my cousin Dalston his fellow burgess. And the 5^th of the month following after I had kissed him and he taken his leave of me, he rid away from hence from me onwards on his journey towards London again and the southern parts.

And the 27^th of July about eight o’clock in the evening was my grandchild the Lady Anne Grimston, youngest child to my daughter of Thanet and second wife to her husband Mr Samuel Grimston, brought to bed in her own chamber at the Rolls in Chancery Lane at London of her first child, which was a son who was christened there the 4^th of the month following by the name of Edward.

The 31^st day of August being Monday did Sir Richard Rainsford, one of the justices of the King’s Bench, and Sir Timothy Littleton, one of the Barons of His Majesty’s Exchequer, they being appointed the two judges this year for this Northern Circuit, come from the city of Carlisle in Cumberland from holding the assizes there and so by Brougham Castle and those ways into my castle of Appleby in Westmorland, whither I had sent some of my servants before to entertain them (myself with the rest remaining still at Pendragon Castle). And there at Appleby the said judges held the assizes for this county, and lay two nights in my castle there, Judge Rainsford in the Baron’s Chamber and Judge Littleton in the best room in Caesar’s Tower. And when they were past the 2^nd day of the month following they with their attendants went away from thence to Kendal where they lay one night and the next day they went to Lancaster to hold the assizes there also for that county and so to finish their circuit. And my cousin Sir John Lowther of Lowther in Westmorland and my cousin Sir Philip Musgrave of Edenhall in Cumberland lay most part of the time of these assizes in my castle of Appleby as usual at such times.

And the 21^st of May in this year did my honourable cousin (to whom I was godmother by deputy) Mr Robert Stanley, second brother to this Earl of Derby,263 born at Knowsley in Lancashire, come hither to Pendragon to see me and lay here one night and the next day went away again homewards to the Countess Dowager of Derby his mother.²⁶⁴

And the 26^th of August did my cousin Philip Lord Wharton’s two eldest sons, Thomas that was lately married and Goodwin who is yet unmarried, come from their father to his house at Wharton Hall in this county where they lay for about a week. In which time, the 29^th and 31^st of the same month, they came severally hither to Pendragon Castle to me for a while.

The 24^th of September being Thursday about eleven o’clock in the forenoon, after I had lain in my chamber in Pendragon Castle in Westmorland ever since the 20^th of March last, did I remove from thence being attended by my gentlewomen and maidservants in my coach and my menservants on horseback and some of the gentlemen as also of my neighbours and tenants of Mallerstang, Appleby, Brough and other places. And so I rid in my horselitter [a]cross the river of Eden and through Wharton Park, Kirkby Stephen, Brough Sowerby and part of Brough town into my castle of Brough, whither I came safe and well I thank God about three o’clock in the afternoon and so up into my own chamber in Clifford’s Tower where, nor in this castle I had not been since the 15^th of August 1672 until now, and where I now continued to lie till the 11^th day of May following that I removed to Appleby Castle to lie there for a time. ²⁶⁵

And the 19^th day of October about two o’clock in the morning, in her father the Lord Hatton’s house at Kirkby in Northamptonshire died my great-grandchild Mistress Elizabeth Hatton, third and youngest daughter and child to my late dear grandchild the Lady Cecily Hatton deceased. And the 27^th of November about ten o’clock at night in the same house at Kirkby in Northamptonshire died her sister Mistress Margaret Hatton, second daughter and child to my said dear grandchild the Lady Cecily Hatton deceased.

And the 23^rd of December about twelve o’clock at noon died at the Rolls in London my great-grandchild and godson Mr Edward Grimston, first and only child to my dear grandchild the Lady Anne Grimston, and was buried the 28^th of the same month in the vault of St Michael’s church at St Albans in Hertfordshire, where some of his father’s ancestors were buried before him, and where also was buried my ancestor Thomas Lord Clifford who was killed there in the first battle between the two houses of York and Lancaster, in Henry the 6^th’s time.²⁶⁶

And when (to my great grief and sorrow) these three great-grandchildren of mine died, as aforesaid did I lie all the time in my chamber in Clifford’s Tower at Brough Castle.

In the year of our Lord God 1675

The 24^th day of March in this year [1675] died in his house at Sarsden in Oxfordshire Sir William Walter who was grandfather to two of my great grandchildren, for my grandchild the Lady Mary Tufton had been married to his son Mr William Walter above four years ago, and died (his wife) of the smallpox about two years ago, leaving two children behind her who are still living, namely Mistress Mary Walter who was two years old the 23^rd of February last and Mr John Walter who was one year old the 20^th of January last. And now at the time of his death, his said son their father, was in Italy.

The 11^th day of May 1675 about ten o’clock in the forenoon, after I had lain in my chamber in Clifford’s Tower in Brough Castle in Westmorland ever since the 24^th of September last, did I remove from thence with my family going by Warcop, Bongate and over Appleby Bridge, into my castle of Appleby in this same county, whither I came safe and well I thank God about two o’clock in the afternoon having been accompanied by several of the gentry, and of my neighbours and tenants who took their leaves of me there. And then I went through the hall, and up through the Great Chamber, and withdrawing chamber, into my own chamber there, where I had not been since the 20^th of March 1674 till now and where I now continued to lie till the 5^th of October following that I removed from thence to Brougham Castle in the same county to lie in it for a time.

The 18^th day of June in this year was conferred upon my noble son-in-law James Compton, Earl of Northampton, by our now King Charles the 2^nd, the command and trust of Constable of the Tower of London.

The 3^rd day of August did my dear daughter Margaret, Countess Dowager of Thanet, and her grandchild Mistress Anne Hatton (the only surviving child of Lady Cecily her deceased mother) come from their journey from Thanet House in Aldersgate Street at London hither into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland to me, where in my own chamber I kissed them with much joy, I having never seen this grandchild of mine before, nor had I seen my daughter since the 6^th day of August in 1672 when she was with me at Brough Castle till now. So they now lay here in the Baron’s Chamber eight nights together, and when Henry Percy, 2^nd Earl of Northumberland, was also killed in this battle. See Great Books, pp. 481–482.

And the 23^rd of this August being Monday did Sir Richard Rainsford and Sir Timothy Littleton, the two judges of assize for this Northern Circuit, come from holding the assizes at Carlisle in Cumberland, hither to me to Appleby Castle in Westmorland where they now lay, the first in the Baron’s Chamber, the other in the best room in Caesar’s Tower, for two nights together. In which time they held the assizes for this county in the moot hall in Appleby town. And on Wednesday the 25^th instant they went to Kendal and the next day to Lancaster where they likewise held the assizes for that county and so ended their circuit.

The 1^st day of September about noon did Henry Howard, Earl of Norwich and Lord Marshal of England, and his eldest son the Lord Henry Howard267 and Charles Howard, Earl of Carlisle (my cousins), come into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland to me for a while. So I kissed them it being the first time I saw this Lord Marshal since he was a child or that I ever saw this son of his. And after they had dined here with several of the gentry of this county and of Cumberland they went away from hence onwards on their journey towards London.

The 15^th day of this September did my dear grandchild the Lady Alethea Compton, youngest and only surviving child to my deceased daughter Isabella, Countess of Northampton, come from her journey from her father’s house at Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire hither into this Appleby Castle in Westmorland to me, where I kissed her with much joy, I having not seen her since the 13^th of July 1670 that she was at Pendragon Castle with me, till now. And she continued to lie here in the Baron’s Chamber eight nights together. And when they were past on the 23^rd instant, she began her journey from hence towards Castle Ashby again, whither she came safe and well, I thank God (with her company), the 29^th of the same month.

The 23^rd of this September about ten o’clock at night, was my grandchild the Lady Anne Grimston, twelfth and youngest child to my daughter Margaret, Countess Dowager of Thanet, delivered of her second child, which was a daughter, in her husband’s house at Gorhambury in Hertfordshire. Which child was christened there the 6^th of the month following by the name of Mary. The Master of the Rolls (the child’s grandfather) and my said daughter of Thanet and the Lady Diana Curson being witnesses to it.

And about that time was my grandchild Mr Thomas Tufton, fourth son and seventh child of my said daughter of Thanet, sworn Groom of the Bedchamber to the Duke of York.268

The 5^th day of October being Tuesday about ten or eleven o’clock in the forenoon, after I had lain in my chamber in Appleby Castle ever since the 11^th of May last, did I remove with my family from thence by ways of Crackenthorp, Kirkbythure, Temple Sowerby and Woodside etc. into my castle of Brougham in the same county where I had not been since the 30^th day of July 1673 till now and where I now continued to lie, as usual, in the chamber wherein my noble father was born and my blessed mother died till the [22 March 1676].²⁶⁹

The last day of November about seven o’clock in the evening died my worthy cousin Sir John Lowther Baronet in his house at Lowther Hall in this county of Westmorland when he was about seventy-three years old, and was buried the 4^th of the month following in the church there at Lowther where many of his ancestors lie interred. And by his death his grandchild and heir John Lowther my godson came to be Baronet who that day, as chief mourner attended the corpse to the church, where Doctor Smallwood, parson of Greystoke, preached the funeral sermon, there being present at the whole solemnity a great many of the gentry of this and the neighbouring counties, as also most of my chief servants

This noble and pious Lady, after a happy and retired life in these northern parts ever since the year 1649 where she repaired all those ancient castles and houses of her inheritance after they had lain ruinous many years, built and repaired several churches, chapels, bridges, and other structures of public benefit, built and endowed almshouses in both counties, making acts of charity and goodness the delight of her life, and with such great care and resolution preserved and defended her undoubted right to this northern estate, and so settled the same (which by her father was left in great confusion and disorder) that it is now lineally descended to the Right Honourable Thomas, Earl of Thanet, her now surviving heir and grandson), died in her castle of Brougham in Westmorland the [22^nd ] day of [March] 1675 [1676] in the eighty and seventh year of her age and was buried in the vault in Appleby church (where her mother also lies) to whose virtuous and excellent memory, her succeeding posterity owe many great obligations.270

1  In these memoirs Anne dates her years beginning on 1 January. Officially England still used the Julian calendar in which the new year began on 25 March. This would not change until 1752, but in practice, as Anne shows here, many had begun to use 1 January to date the beginning of the new year in the seventeenth century.

2  Salisbury Cathedral.

3  Job 7.1: ‘Is there not an appointed time to man upon earth? are not his days also like the days of an hireling?’ Most biblical references are entered into this autobiography in Anne’s hand in at least one set of the Great Books. For details of this see Great Books, ed. Malay, pp. 814–905.

4  The life of a courtier.

5  This term could carry a positive connotation suggesting cleverness and ingenuity as well as the negative connotation of trickery.

6  The choleric temperament, drawn from the theory of the four humours, is characterized as aggressive with a quick and passionate temper. Anne was on the receiving end of his choleric nature on several occasions.

7  Henrietta Maria of France. She came to England to marry Charles I in 1625.

8  Anne is quite generous here. Philip Herbert was a controversial figure, often involved in quarrels, and was dismissed from his position as Lord Chamberlain. Despite this his temperament he remained politically powerful throughout his life.

9  Susan De Vere.

10  Anne and Philip Herbert lived apart for a number of years before his death, though he was always her staunch ally in matters related to her claims to the Clifford hereditary lands.

11  Ecclesiastes 7.13: ‘Consider the work of God: for who can make that straight, which he hath made crooked?’; Psalm 104.13, 24: ‘He watereth the hills from his chambers: the earth is satisfied with the fruit of thy works; O Lord, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy riches’; Psalm 16. 5, 6: ‘The Lord is the portion of mine inheritance and of my cup: thou maintainest my lot. The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yea, I have a goodly heritage.’

12  The boundaries.

13  Manor courts were local courts organized by manor and were chiefly concerned with the preservation of the rights of the lord and maintaining peaceful relations between tenants. At this time it was important for Anne to re-establish her authority in local matters and to affirm her rights as lord of each manor.

14  For a discussion of the suits against her tenants see Spence, Anne Clifford, pp. 114–159.

15  Genesis 26.22: ‘For now the Lord hath made room for us, and we shall be fruitful in the land.’

16  \And she hath had two daughters since/ WD. Mary and Anne Tufton.

17  Charles, Richard, Mary Anne, Frances, Henrietta and Elizabeth Boyle.

18  Anne brought suit in 1650 against Elizabeth in an attempt to lay claim to land in Skipton which had belonged to her father. See Spence, Anne Clifford, pp. 121–126.

19  Proverbs 19.11: ‘The discretion of a man deferreth his anger; and it is his glory to pass over a transgression.’

20  The Londesborough estate came to the Clifford family through the marriage of Margaret Bromflete with John, 9^th Lord Clifford, in the fifteenth century. Henry, 12^th Lord Clifford, left Londesborough to Francis Clifford, Anne’s uncle, and the property descended from him to his granddaughter Elizabeth Clifford, Countess of Cork.

21  Psalm 45.16: ‘Instead of thy fathers shall be thy children, whom thou mayest make princes in all the earth.’

22  Peter Warburton.

23  Periodic courts. Assize courts held in England and Wales made judgements on both civil and criminal causes. They heard the most serious cases coming out of the quarter sessions (held by local county courts four times per year). They were presided over by judges appointed by the Crown in order to ensure ideally that cases were heard by consistent judicial expertise throughout the country.

24  Isaiah 58.12: ‘And they that shall be of thee shall build the old waste places: thou shalt raise up the foundations of many generations; and thou shalt be called, The repairer of the breach, The restorer of paths to dwell in.’ Ezekiel 36.33,36: ‘Thus saith the Lord God; In the day that I shall have cleansed you from all your iniquities I will also cause you to dwell in the cities, and the wastes shall be builded; Then the heathen that are left round about you shall know that I the Lord build the ruined places, and plant that that was desolate: I the Lord have spoken it, and I will do it.’

25  The Rising of the North of 1569 (also called Revolt of the Northern Earls or Northern Rebellion) occurred when Catholic nobles in the North attempted to remove Queen Elizabeth and place Mary, Queen of Scots, on the throne. Henry Clifford, 2^nd Earl of Cumberland (whose daughter Margaret was next in the line of succession according to Henry VIII’s will through her mother Eleanor Brandon), and Henry’s father-in-law William Dacre refused to join the rebellion.

26  \Which tower work … end of July 1653/ WD.

27  St Anne’s Hospital, Appleby, continues to provide housing for retired single women who can demonstrate need, at a nominal rate.

28  \which almshouse was … and March 1653/ WD.

29  Proverbs 22.28: ‘Remove not the ancient landmark, which thy fathers have set.’

30  In response to Charles II’s march into England with a Scottish army. Cromwell sent Harrison to the North to report on Charles’s progress and to impede their march, which was why he was stationed at Appleby that summer. In September he joined Major-General John Lambert and took part in the Battle of Worcester.

31  The tension of this situation is not fully expressed here, as the possibility of a damaging military engagement involving Appleby, where she was lodging at the time, was a real possibility. She was also essentially under house arrest during this period. In her eulogy Bishop Edward Rainbow describes how Harrison ‘quartered himself under the roof of this Noble Lady and had made suspicious inquiries … of her sending assistance privately [to the royalists] but being not able to make proof he would needs know her opinion and dispute out of her Loyalty; at which time when she slept, and lived but at his mercy, giving her Alarms night and day when he listed’, A Sermon Preached at the Funeral of the Right Honorable Anne, Countess of Pembroke, p. 49.

32  \But by reason … northern parts/ H1, H2; this insertion comes at the end of 1651 in WD. Charles II’s campaign in 1651 resulted in a number of military actions in the North that summer.

33  Anne often refers to Skipton Castle as a house. This was strategic on her part because of the ongoing threat that the castle would be slighted again after she had rebuilt it. In 1659 she wrote to Captain Adam Baynes, ‘I assure you Sir the addition I have made in this castle is only a slight superstructure upon some parts of the old wall not above two foot thickness and no way considerable at all for strength’ (BL, Add. MS 21425, fol. 127).

34  Ecclesiastes 3.22: ‘Wherefore I perceive that there is nothing better, than that a man should rejoice in his own works; for that is his portion: for who shall bring him to see what shall be after him?’

35  The wording of this quotation is derived from the Geneva Bible of 1561, Psalm 16: ‘The Lord (is) the porcion of mine inheritance and of my cup thou shalt mainteine my lot / The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places yea, I have a faire heritage’ (Geneva, 1561, sig. PPiiiv). Anne was also quite familiar with Coverdale’s translations of the psalms, a copy of which she includes in her Great Picture. During her weekly devotions (Wednesday and Sunday) the minister would have read from this psalter which after 1662 was included in the Book of Common Prayer.

36  It is unclear where this passage comes from. It may be Anne’s own composition.

37  Psalm 41 begins: ‘Blessed is he that considereth the poor: the Lord will deliver him in time of trouble’ and continues to praise God’s protection of the persecuted.

38  Psalm 33.5: ‘He loveth righteousness and judgment: the earth is full of the goodness of the Lord’; Psalm 104.24: ‘O Lord, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy riches’; Psalm 119.64: ‘The earth, O Lord, is full of thy mercy: teach me thy statutes.’

39  The Council of State was appointed by Parliament in 1649 to act as the country’s executive in place of the King and Privy Council. In 1651, Anne’s stepson, Philip Herbert, 5^th Earl of Pembroke, was the president of the Council. The order mentioned here validated Gabetis in his role to act as Anne’s deputy in matters relating to the office of sheriff which she held by hereditary right.

40  Eton College came to prominence as an educational establishment for the elite in the seventeenth century, and remains so today.

41  Anne refers to the personal servants of her household with this phrase.

42  Deuteronomy 23.5: ‘Nevertheless the Lord thy God would not hearken unto Balaam; but the Lord thy God turned the curse into a blessing unto thee, because the Lord thy God loved thee.’

43  Psalm 18.42, 43, 47, 48: ‘The sorrows of death compassed me, and the floods of ungodly men made me afraid; Thou hast delivered me from the strivings of the people; and thou hast made me the head of the heathen: a people whom I have not known shall serve me; It is God that avengeth me, and subdueth the people under me; He delivereth me from mine enemies: yea, thou liftest me up above those that rise up against me: thou hast delivered me from the violent man’; Psalm 116.8: ‘For thou hast delivered my soul from death, mine eyes from tears, and my feet from falling’; Isaiah 13.2: ‘Lift ye up a banner upon the high mountain, exalt the voice unto them, shake the hand, that they may go into the gates of the nobles’; Job 28.3: ‘He setteth an end to darkness, and searcheth out all perfection: the stones of darkness, and the shadow of death’; Psalm 92.2: ‘To shew forth thy loving kindness in the morning, and thy faithfulness every night.’ The theme of Psalm 124 is clear in verses 2 and 3: ‘If it had not been the Lord who was on our side, when men rose up against us, then they had swallowed us up quick, when their wrath was kindled against us.’

44  George Sedgewick often served as Anne’s amanuensis, and his hand is found in her letters and throughout the Great Books. He also wrote an account of his life and his relationship with Anne: CAS Carlisle, DLons/L12/2/16, Life of George Sedgewick. An abridgement of this autobiography can be found in Joseph Nicholson and Richard Burn, History and Antiquities of the Counties of Westmorland and Cumberland (1777), vol. 1, pp. 294–303.

45  \And now one … my chief officers/ WD.

46  Luke 1.48: ‘For he hath regarded the low estate of his handmaiden: for, behold, from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed.’

47  \But in the … the Earle of Cork/ WD.

48  John Tufton was being groomed to be heir of the Clifford hereditary lands in Westmorland. At Anne’s death the lands descended instead to his older brother Nicholas and next to him at his brother’s death.

49  This is a short psalm of thanksgiving.

50  Psalm 41 begins: ‘Blessed is he that considereth the poor: the Lord will deliver him in time of trouble’ and continues on this theme.

51  Psalm 33.5: ‘He loveth righteousness and judgment: the earth is full of the goodness of the Lord’; Psalm 104.24: ‘O Lord, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy riches’; Psalm 119.64: ‘The earth, O Lord, is full of thy mercy: teach me thy statutes.’

52  Isaiah 30.21: ‘And thine ears shall hear a word behind thee, saying, This is the way, walk ye in it, when ye turn to the right hand, and when ye turn to the left.’

53  The climacteric years of a person’s life according to ancient Greek philosophy and astronomy were believed to be periods when an individual was at greater risk. The sixty-third year was often called the grand climacteric.

54  John Tufton.

55  The ‘mother’ was head of the almshouse.

56  Luke 7.5: ‘For he loveth our nation, and he hath built us a synagogue’; Psalm 116.12–14: ‘What shall I render unto the Lord for all his benefits toward me? I will take the cup of salvation, and call upon the name of the Lord. I will pay my vows unto the Lord now in the presence of all his people.’

57  Isabella Sackville.

58  William, Lord Compton (d. 1661).

59  Jeremiah 29.6: ’give your daughters to husbands, that they may bear sons and daughters; that ye may be increased there, and not diminished’; 30.19: ‘And out of them shall proceed thanksgiving and the voice of them that make merry: and I will multiply them, and they shall not be few; I will also glorify them, and they shall not be small’; Genesis 1.28 and 26.22: ‘And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth; And he removed from thence, and digged another well; and for that they strove not: and he called the name of it Rehoboth; and he said, For now the Lord hath made room for us, and we shall be fruitful in the land.’

60  \But he died … Northamptonshire called Castle Ashby/ WD.

61  Silsden sits between Keighley and Skipton.

62  Canonbury Tower, manor house, built between 1509 and 1532, that was to granted Thomas Cromwell and later came to the Earls of Northampton.

63  Ecclesiastes 8.6: ‘Because to every purpose there is time and judgment, therefore the misery of man is great upon him.’

64  Psalm 68.18: ‘Thou hast ascended on high, thou hast led captivity captive: thou hast received gifts for men; yea, for the rebellious also, that the Lord God might dwell among them.’

65  Henry Clifford, 2^nd Earl of Cumberland.

66  A building for local meetings and assemblies. This moot hall in Appleby survives today.

67  Jane Goodwin.

68  Elizabeth Wharton, daughter of Elizabeth Wandesford.

69  Mary Carey.

70  Philadelphia Carey.

71  Psalm 16.5–7: ‘The Lord is the portion of mine inheritance and of my cup: thou maintainest my lot. The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yea, I have a goodly heritage. I will bless the Lord, who hath given me counsel: my reins also instruct me in the night seasons.’

72  Margaret Tufton.

73  Anne took details of these return journeys from letters she received.

74  This common law court in the English legal system emerged in the early thirteenth century. It became one of the central English courts for nearly six hundred years. Its jurisdiction was over real property and thus it was the appropriate place for Anne and her tenants to bring their differences. The court sat in Westminster Hall as stipulated by the Magna Carta, in a space marked off by a wooden bar, thus the term Anne uses here.

75  John Puleston, Edward Atkins and Peter Warburton. Note that Warburton and Puleston had enjoyed Anne’s hospitality at Appleby Castle earlier.

76  Margaret Russell had engaged in an earlier suit against Skayfe in 1611: NA, STAC 8/89/11, Countess of Cumberland v Skayfe, 1611.

77  Psalm 7.9: ‘Oh let the wickedness of the wicked come to an end; but establish the just: for the righteous God trieth the hearts and reins.’

78  Psalm 107 begins: ‘O give thanks unto the Lord, for he is good: for his mercy endureth for ever. Let the redeemed of the Lord say so, whom he hath redeemed from the hand of the enemy’ and carries on the theme of God’s mercy and protection for the oppressed.

79  King James’s visit at that time (see p. 66) was in celebration of the King’s Award and was particularly bitter for Anne. Here she affirms what she always believed was the error of that decision, and accused her uncle and cousin of ravaging the land after they had attained it (a view supported by John Breay, Light of the Dales, pp. 122–131). She emphasizes her role as the restorer with her favourite quotation: Isaiah 58.12: ‘And they that shall be of thee shall build the old waste places: thou shalt raise up the foundations of many generations; and thou shalt be called, The repairer of the breach, The restorer of paths to dwell in.’ Ezekiel 36.28, 33, 36: ‘And ye shall dwell in the land that I gave to your fathers; and ye shall be my people, and I will be your God. Thus saith the Lord God; In the day that I shall have cleansed you from all your iniquities I will also cause you to dwell in the cities, and the wastes shall be builded. Then the heathen that are left round about you shall know that I the Lord build the ruined places, and plant that that was desolate: I the Lord have spoken it, and I will do it.’

80  Psalm 121 begins: ‘I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from whence cometh my help. My help cometh from the Lord, which made heaven and earth’ and emphasizes God’s care and protection.

81  William, Lord Compton. Genesis 48.11: ‘And Israel said unto Joseph, I had not thought to see thy face: and, lo, God hath shewed me also thy seed.’

82  This quotation from Isaiah 21.16 was inserted into the text by Anne after 1661 and refers to the death of this child, William, in 1661: ‘For thus hath the Lord said unto me, Within a year, according to the years of an hireling, and all the glory of Kedar shall fail.’

83  Beamsley almshouse or hospital. See Great Books, ed. Malay, pp. 658–660, for the charter founding Beamsley.

84  Ecclesiastes 8.6: ‘Because to every purpose there is time and judgment, therefore the misery of man is great upon him.’ Anne uses this biblical quotation often to express grief at some event.

85  Margaret Sackville bore a daughter, Anne, in 1634, who died in infancy. It was not unusual to use the name of a child who had died previously for subsequent children.

86  These oft-quoted biblical references are used as a shorthand in this text to emphasize Anne’s role in ‘raising the foundations’ for many generations. Anne planned for John Tufton to be her heir after her daughter, Margaret, and states this in her will, NA, PROB 11/350/488, Will of Anne Clifford, 1676. Nicholas Tufton, his elder brother, challenged this after Anne’s death and inherited the Clifford hereditary lands after the death of his mother Margaret in 1676, just months after Anne’s death. John Tufton inherited the lands in 1679 after Nicholas’s death, but died the following year.

87  Newdigate moved in a circle that included Mary Curzon, Anne’s sister-in-law, so he would have been known to her socially.

88  Isaiah 26.8, 9: ‘Yea, in the way of thy judgments, O Lord, have we waited for thee; the desire of our soul is to thy name, and to the remembrance of thee. With my soul have I desired thee in the night; yea, with my spirit within me will I seek thee early: for when thy judgments are in the earth, the inhabitants of the world will learn righteousness.’

89  John Coventry, 4^th Baron Coventry.

90  Elizabeth Clinton, Countess of Lincoln, published The Countesse of Lincolnes Nurserie in 1622 advocating the breastfeeding of children by their own mothers. This was an ongoing discussion in the period. Isabella Sackville did not follow her sister’s example and instead used a wet nurse, see above. Clinton was a friend of Anne’s, see p. 85.

91  William Steele.

92  Anne’s monument can be seen in St Lawrence’s church, Appleby.

93  Penruddock’s uprising of 1655.

94  Psalm 105.19: ‘Until the time that his word came: the word of the Lord tried him.’

95  \At which time … war to Gravesend/ H1. A man of war was a large warship or frigate armed with cannon and propelled with sails.

96  See Sedgewick’s manuscript diary for a description of his travels with John Tufton, CAS, Carlisle, DLons/L12/2/16.

97  \Which Lady Anne … December in 1660/ WD; \I then also … Castle in Westmorland/ H1.

98  Psalm 90.17: ‘And let the beauty of the Lord our God be upon us: and establish thou the work of our hands upon us; yea, the work of our hands establish thou it.’

99  This monument along with a number of earlier Clifford monuments can still be seen in Holy Trinity church, Skipton. For documents relating to the installation of the tomb see YAS, DD121/109.

100  Ezekiel 36.36: ‘Then the heathen that are left round about you shall know that I the Lord build the ruined places, and plant that that was desolate: I the Lord have spoken it, and I will do it.’

101  Sir John Dalston was related to Anne through his wife Lucy Fallowfield.

102  This panel of judges was made up of Anne’s cousin St John and Matthew Hale, Anne’s lawyer and a long-term adviser and friend.

103  Bernard’s son married Elizabeth, the daughter of Elizabeth Cromwell and Oliver St John, in 1655 and was thus connected to the Anne through the St Johns.

104  Sir Erasmus Earle and Sir Samson Eure (Evers). Both these men were eminent lawyers, with Earle holding several offices under Oliver Cromwell. Eure was also distantly related to Anne so, while it appears that Anne may have had the advantage of her opponents because of her connections with the judges, the tenants also had lawyers with important connections with the judges and others with power.

105  Now referred to as Lowther Castle.

106  Margaret Clifford, Countess of Derby.

107  They shared the same father, thus were siblings by the ‘half blood’.

108  Earle had just recently argued against Anne in her suit with her tenants, see above.

109  George Wharton was the son of Frances Clifford, Anne’s aunt, and Philip, 3^rd Lord Wharton. He was killed in a duel with Sir James Stewart, Master of Blantyre, who was also killed in the duel.

110  Oliver Cromwell.

111  Nicholas Tufton.

112  \The 28 of July … the next day/ WD.

113  A nonsuit was the ending of a suit by the judge because there was not sufficient evidence to make a case. To ‘nonsuit’ a person is to end the suit.

114  Mary Ogle.

115  Anne would later employ an Isaac Walker from 1665 until her death. She housed Amy Walker in her almshouse at Appleby and bought goods from both a James and a William Walker. This James, Anne’s tenant, appears to be a substantial and influential man in the area and likely had a number of other holdings. He is possibly James Walker of Sharrow Bay, near Penrith.

116  Anne uses this term to indicate the usual market rent of a property taking into consideration improvements and maintenance. A finable rent was a fixed low rent which included the right of inheritance of the leasehold land, with a fine paid to the new lord following the death of the previous lord. These finable rents could be historically low, though, as would be the case after Anne’s death, when a number of lords died in quick succession, the fines could add up to a substantial amount in a short time.

117  Psalm 32.8: ‘I will instruct thee and teach thee in the way which thou shalt go: I will guide thee with mine eye.’

118  There was great concern that Anne’s restoration of Skipton Castle would make it defensible again and so restrictions were placed on the kinds of material and the manner in which she rebuilt the destroyed portions of the castle.

119  Anne changed her mind and erected a tomb for herself in St Lawrence’s church, Appleby, near her mother, not in Skipton near her father. Psalm 123.4: ‘Our soul is exceedingly filled with the scorning of those that are at ease, and with the contempt of the proud.’

120  \From whence my … of June following/ H1.

121  He would become Bishop of London in 1675.

122  John Parker.

123  Elizabeth Nicholls would return for future visits and Anne would later rebuild Julian Bower in Whinfell forest to house her and her second husband John Gilmore, whom she made under-keeper of Whinfell forest. There are numerous entries related to Elizabeth in Anne’s account books and it is clear Elizabeth was dear to Anne, who treated her as an adopted daughter.

124  Jane Goodwin.

125  Isaiah 49.21–22: ‘The children which thou shalt have, after thou hast lost the other, shall say again in thine ears, The place is too strait for me: give place to me that I may dwell. Then shalt thou say in thine heart, Who hath begotten me these, seeing I have lost my children, and am desolate, a captive, and removing to and fro? and who hath brought up these? Behold, I was left alone; these, where had they been?’

126  See Great Books, ed. Malay, p. 350.

127  \But this grandchild … death of his mother/ WD.

128  Mother Shipton’s well, or the Dripping or Dropping Well. John Leland in his travels in the 1530 and 1540s described it as ‘a well of a wonderful nature’ (Leland’s Itinerary, p. 86).

129  The bowels of Margaret Russell were buried in Ninekirks church.

130  Richard Cromwell resigned, ending the Protectorate, in May 1659. A number of plots intended to restore Charles II to the throne developed in the summer. As a result the Council of State mobilized the militia, reinforcing strategic garrisons throughout the country, including, as Anne notes below, Appleby Castle.

131  \Which son Thomas … of June 1660/ WD.

132  Booth’s Uprising in July and early August 1659.

133  Anne does not mention here a greater threat emerging from the political uncertainties of the period. There had been some concern about her rebuilding work at Skipton Castle. In the autumn of 1659 the castle was again under threat of being ‘slighted’ or having its walls and ramparts brought down again. Two letters by Anne to Captain Adam Baynes ask for his help in convincing the parliamentarian authorities in London that her rebuilding efforts were only intended to make the house habitable and, as Anne puts it, ‘I am confident this Castle if mine will never bee found to be any such place of strength if it were viewed by persons of judgement’ (BL, Add. MS 21425, fol. 127, see also fol. 148).

134  \But this Thomas … in their infancy/ WD.

135  The 1660 Convention Parliament enacted a number of important legal statutes, including the Tenures Abolition Act 1660 which most closely affected Anne. Through these four men, Anne was able to exert some influence on the work of this parliament, as she would continue to do with later ones. Clapham was related to Anne, and his family had long been associated with the Cliffords.

136  James Stuart (later James II of England) and Henry Stuart.

137  Mary Stuart.

138  Idonea and her sister Isabella (Sheriffess of Westmorland in her own right and wife of Roger de Clifford III) were important influences on Anne. Idonea’s heir was her greatnephew Robert, 3^rd Lord Clifford, and thus at Idonea’s death the Veteripont inheritance of Westmorland, including Brough, Brougham, Appleby and Pendragon, passed into the Clifford line. Anne had dreamed of rebuilding Pendragon Castle since childhood. Her mother mentions in a letter to her in 1615 that ‘you were wont to say you would if even you came to it repair Pendragon Castle to make a Library of it for Mr Christopher Worlidge [or Woolridge]’ (Portland MS 23, letter, 1615, p. 66).

139  St Augustine’s Abbey, Canterbury, Kent.

140  Boughton Malherbe, Kent.

141  Compton Wynyates, Warwickshire.

142  \and it was … my youngest daughter/ WD.

143  His grandmother, Elizabeth Heneage, is mentioned as one of the party of women including Anne who stayed at North Hall in 1603, see p. 17.

144  Snape Castle, Yorkshire. This Earl of Exeter was John Cecil, 4^th Earl of Exeter.

145  A chapel is adjacent to the house at Compton Wynyates.

146  \and she was … her father’s ancestors/ WD.

147  \And a little … King of France/ WD.

148  \And this 2^nd … stayed till 1665/ H1.

149  \to their father … Hothfield in Kent/ H1.

150  \which was done … in Brough Castle/ WD.

151  \The 23 of … God be praised/ WD. Thomas Machell describes a lavish celebration in Appleby on the day of the coronation, which Anne presided over: ‘the aged countess seeming young again to grace the solemnity’, Nicholson and Burn, History and Antiquities of the Counties of Westmorland and Cumberland, vol. 1, p. 316.

152  Princess Elizabeth Stuart.

153  Now the site of Leicester Square, near St Martin’s-in-the-Fields.

154  \and she now continued to be at London … England and present at her death/ WD.

155  \And the 6^th day … dyed the 14 of July 1662/ WD.

156  St Anne’s continues in operation today in general accordance with this letter patent.

157  See Great Books, ed. Malay, pp. 130–141.

158  Elizabeth Stuart.

159  Swoon or fainting fit.

160  Compton’s son James was now heir to Anne’s property in Yorkshire, including Skipton Castle. After his death his sister Alethea became heir to the Yorkshire property. Her death in 1678 reunited the Clifford hereditary lands in the hands of Anne’s grandson Nicholas Tufton. Compton’s visit was not just social. It was part of his parental duty to safeguard his children’s inheritance. Because of the King’s Award, Anne was free to leave her property where she desired as the award removed the royal entail.

161  1 August, the feast of St Peter in Chains. It was connected to the end of the hay harvest.

162  Small tumours, from the French glande.

163  Henrietta Marie, Queen consort of Charles I.

164  \And she stayed … then into France/ WD.

165  Ingmire Hall, build by Otway in 1640.

166  Elizabeth Talbot.

167  Frances Devereux and William Seymour.

168  Elizabeth Boyle, later Countess of Barrymore (1662–1703).

169  Mary Seymour, Countess of Winchilsea.

170  Psalm 23.5–6: ‘Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over. Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the Lord for ever.’ Psalm 116.12–13: ‘What shall I render unto the Lord for all his benefits toward me? I will take the cup of salvation, and call upon the name of the Lord.’

171  Acorn Bank House, once a medieval Templar hospital much rebuilt by the Dalston family.

172  Five miles north-east of Penrith on the River Eden. Horse racing took place on the moors from at least 1585 though likely much earlier and was patronized by the aristocracy and the gentry by this time.

173  Elizabeth Nicholls.

174  This chamber could have been allocated for the use of a female from the family of Mary Widdrington who married Anne’s cousin Sir Francis Howard. The Widdringtons were a long-established family in the area and had a number of connections to the Cliffords in addition to this marriage.

175  Philip, 4^th Baron Wharton, his wife Jane Goodwin and their daughters.

176  Healaugh Park Priory, Yorkshire.

177  Kilnsey Old Hall, Yorkshire.

178  His grandmother was Anne’s great-aunt, Elizabeth Clifford, who married Sir Christopher Metcalfe of Nappa.

179  This is still a challenging journey over very rugged countryside, but with magnificent views.

180  The financial provision for Sackville college, set up by Richard Sackville’s will according to his father Robert’s bequest, later came under dispute between the heirs of Edward Sackville 4^th Earl of Dorset, and Anne Clifford, John Tufton, and James Compton. This imprisonment was part of the ongoing dispute.

181  The Kaber Rigg plot. This plot was part of northern republican resistance to the government of Charles II. The Kaber Plot leaders, including Robert Atkinson, Anne’s tenant, intended to force Charles to fulfil the promises outlined in the Treaty of Breda. When few men joined the rebellion the plot dissipated, and a number of their leaders, including Atkinson, were arrested. Atkinson was executed for his part in this plot, see below. See NA, ASSI 45/6/3, Northern Circuit: Criminal Depositions and Case Papers, 1663.

182  Nicholas Tufton had long resisted this marriage to his cousin, Elizabeth Boyle, granddaughter to Henry Clifford, 5^th Lord Clifford, which reunited the Clifford lines of Anne’s father George and her uncle Francis Clifford. Instead he pursued Annabel Benn, Countess of Kent, who was widowed in 1651. He agreed to the marriage with Elizabeth only after Annabel made clear she would never marry him. See CAS, Kendal, WDHOTH/44, letter, 17 May 1664.

183  The bride’s mother, Elizabeth Clifford, Countess of Cork, describes the wedding in her diary: ‘April the 11^th 1664 being Easter Munday my Daughter Bettye [Elizabeth] was marryed to the Ld: Tufton in my Chamber at Clifforde’s Inne, by Mr Byfield our owne Chaplain there being present my Ld: [Richard Boyle], my self, my son Richard, Sir Henry Jones & honest Graham our Sollicitor, God of his mercy blesse them with long life & many happye dayes, Amen.’ Chatsworth House, Derbyshire, Cork MSS, misc. 5, Diary of Elizabeth Clifford, fol. 8r.

184  This visit is also described by Elizabeth Clifford, see Diary of Elizabeth Clifford, fol. 9r–v. The marriage of Nicholas Tufton and Elizabeth Boyle and the subsequent visits between the two families were intended to heal the rift in the family caused by the inheritance battles at the beginning of the century.

185  Robert Atkinson had served as the Parliamentarian governor of Appleby Castle. He was one of the leaders of the tenant disputes with Anne. His involvement with the Kaber Rigg plot was his downfall. See CAS, D/MUS 5/5/6/3, Execution of Captain Robert Atkinson, 1664.

186  He is listed in the Knole catalogue, seated at the parlour table.

187  Likely Samuel Hinde, incumbent of St Mary’s church, Dover, and later chaplain to Charles II.

188  This was a love match. Margaret Sackville wrote to Anne Clifford, ‘I hope in God it will be happy for her, she liked well of it herself’. CAS, Kendal, WDHOTH/44, letter, 23 February 1665.

189  \And she died … December after that/ WD. Frances’s sister-in-law Elizabeth Boyle wrote to Cecily Tufton, Lady Hatton (Frances’s sister), describing Frances’s labour and death: ‘She had pains a Saturday and Sunday, but Mrs Baker [the midwife] believed it was not her labour; and so made nothing of it. When I came a Monday morning I found her in great pain, which continued till night when her water broke, and the midwife said the Child came wrong. I had prevailed with Mr Drax to send to Canterbury for a Doctor Peters who is very famous for his skill, and he was in the house ready, if there were reason, but we were desirous if possible to save the life of the child by not using forcible means till it needs must, but her pains continuing all Monday night without any profit to her labour and the midwife finding by some tokens the child was dead, she desired Doctor Peters would make use of his skill, for it was past hers. My poor sister [Frances] seemed content that he should, only desired him to put her to as little pain as her could and seemed very little discouraged but prayed as she had done all along’. Elizabeth Boyle continues to describe in harrowing detail Frances’s suffering as the doctor attempted to extract the child. She recalls that finally ‘the Doctor having told me that all hopes of her life was gone, I desired the minister to advertise her of her end … she told him she was very willing to die and hoped God would receive her’. Elizabeth Boyle notes that Henry Drax never left his wife’s side throughout this whole period, but ‘held one of her knees in her greatest torment’. She ends this sad tale by observing that ‘the day after she died she was opened and the child lay a very right at the birth [but] … her backbone was so bowed, as he [Dr Peters] said it was impossible to make passage so much as for a limb of the child’ (NAS, FH 4412, letter, November 1665). Frances Tufton, as Anne’s records above, suffered from rickets that resulted in a curvature of her spine making Frances unable to deliver the child. The complications related to childbirth in rickets sufferers were known in the period, see Wendy D. Churchill, Female Patients in Early Modern Britain (2012), p. 42.

190  The London death toll was somewhere between 80,000 and 100,000 in 1665. See A. Lloyd Moote and Dorothy C. Moote, The Great Plague (2004), p. 11.

191  \whose wife came … to see her/ H1.

192  He was her steward and the director of her building works in the north. He was buried in St Michael’s church, Brough, and the inscription on his tomb reads: ‘Gabriel Vincent, Steward to the Right Hon: Anne Clifford, Countess Dowager of Pembroke, Dorset and Montgomery, Chief Director of all her buildings in the North, who died in the Roman Tower of Brough Castle like a good Christian 12 Feb. 1665, looking for the Second Coming of Our Saviour’.

193  Charles Louis was the Elector Palatine (from 1648 to 1680) when Anne’s two grandsons went into Germany. He was the son of the Princess Elizabeth Stuart, whom Anne knew in her youth.

194  This wound would ultimately kill the young George, see below.

195  Coleby Hall, Askrigg, Yorkshire (also called Bowbridge Hall).

196  William Russell, Lord Russell, and Rachel Wriothesley. William Russell was executed in 1683 after being implicated in the Rye House Plot to assassinate Charles II.

197  Charles Howard, 1^st Earl of Carlisle, and Mary Howard, daughter of Mary Butler and Edward Howard, 1^st Baron Howard of Escrick.

198  The Great Fire of London raged from 2 to 5 September. Many of the places that Anne knew in her youth and her married life were destroyed.

199  She is speaking of the Tudor wing of Skipton Castle built by Henry, 1^st Earl of Cumberland, for the royal bride Eleanor Brandon (niece to Henry VIII) who married his son, Henry, 2^nd Earl of Cumberland.

200  The Boyles’ second son, Richard, died at the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665.

201  The sons of Charles Boyle: Charles Boyle, later 4^th Viscount Dungarvan, and Henry Boyle, later 1^st Baron Carleton.

202  Starbotton Old Hall was the property of the Symondson family, but was heavily damaged in the great storm of 1686 which damaged much of the village of Starbotton.

203  Henry Coventry, Secretary of State, was the uncle of George Coventry, Lord Coventry, the husband of Anne’s granddaughter Margaret Tufton.

204  Sir Christopher Hatton was a collector of books and antiquities. He contributed material to Anne’s Great Books of Record, see Great Books, p. 103.

205  Anne Temple, maid of honour to Catherine of Braganza, Queen consort of England.

206  Underlying this statement was a fraught period in which Henry Bennet, 1^st Earl of Arlington and Secretary of State to Charles II, sought to place his man, Joseph Williamson, as MP for Appleby. Anne refused to consider this as she intended her grandson Thomas Tufton to serve as MP. She was not intimidated by the flurry of correspondence that was sent to her and her daughter Margaret in order to persuade them to step aside and allow Williamson the place. In the end Anne had her way for, as Dr Thomas Smith, brother to the mayor of Appleby, explained to Williamson, while the ‘whole county wishes to have you chosen … they of Appleby, having so absolute a dependence upon her (as indeed they have) it would be vain to strive against that stream’. For a discussion of this episode with copies of the original letters see Malay, ‘Beyond the Palace: The Transmission of Political Power in the Clifford Circle’ (2017), pp. 153–169.

207  George Goodgion was one of Anne’s chief servants. He performed a wide number of duties for her. He is listed as a slaughterer (or butcher) and chief director of her kitchen at Brougham. But he also procured all sorts of goods for her, from petticoats and foodstuffs to a coach from London. He accompanied George Sedgewick on rent days, he met important visitors, he helped serve at communion (or Eucharist) services, and he was the one who cut Anne’s hair. He was one of the witnesses to her will and was also a beneficiary of that will. He is one of the most often mentioned individuals in her accounts from 1665 until her death.

208  Anne’s accounts for this period reveal that Anne made extensive repairs to a house at Julian Bower, in Whinfell forest, which was to become the Gilmores’ home. She records giving John Gilmore £20 for his moving and travel expenses in June 1668 when he and Elizabeth came ‘down from Ramsbury to live at Julian Bower’. Gilmore entered Anne’s service at this time and remained at Julian Bower until Anne’s death, though Elizabeth returned south to her daughter in April 1671, CAS, Kendal, WD HOTH/17. Anne may have had the new house built on the foundations of the original Julian Bower as she notes in the Great Books in 1653 that ‘the lower foundacion of which howse standeth still and is yet to be seene, though all the walles bee downe long since’. Julian Bower was originally built about 1318 by Roger, 2^nd Lord Clifford, for his mistress, whom Anne describes as ‘a meane [or low-status] womman who was called Julian of the Bower’, Great Books, ed. Malay, p. 319.

209  John Constable, 2^nd Viscount Dunbar, Benningholme Grange, Holderness.

210  Occasionally the appearance of the present tense reveals that the source of much of the material in these yearly summaries was taken from Anne’s daybooks, now lost except for the Daybook of 1676 below.

211  Lowther records that in 1668 Anne gave him ‘a grant or warant for my lodging for my self and servants in the Green Chamber and that adjoyneinge, for my life, as a testimony of her love and affection. In return wereof I do usually send her a buck at the assises as being better than hers that lie abroad and not so quiet’, Lowther Family Estate Books, p. 185.

212  Member of Parliament.

213  Thomas Tufton, later 6^th Earl of Thanet and Baron Clifford, inherited the Clifford hereditary lands in 1684 and held them until his death in 1729, longer than any other of Anne’s grandchildren. He modelled himself in many ways on Anne and his entries in the Great Books (pp. 907–935) show his admiration for her. He was known as the ‘Good Earl’.

214  Bridget Dalston.

215  Anne proposed herself as godmother to this child, and was pleased to have the child named after her. See BL, Add. MS 29551, letter, 26 August 1668, fol. 453.

216  Cosimo III de Medici, who was the son of Ferdinando III de Medici, not Cosimo.

217  Philip Herbert, 5^th Earl of Pembroke and 2^nd Earl of Montgomery. He was Anne’s stepson from her second marriage. She spent much time at Wilton during this marriage.

218  Anne Carr.

219  George Tufton, suffering the effects of the leg wound he received in 1666, visited the cluster of baths in the south of France including Bagneres en Bigorre, Cauterets, Bareges and Eaux-Chaudes. These were also frequented by the aristocracy of France.

220  Oddly for Anne, she has this wrong. The widow Rodes is Anne Clifton, daughter of Anne’s first cousin or cousin german Frances Clifford and thus Rodes is the granddaughter of Anne’s uncle Francis Clifford, not his daughter.

221  Genesis 48.11: ‘And Israel said unto Joseph, I had not thought to see thy face: and, lo, God hath shewed me also thy seed.’

222  The Three Brothers Tree was the remaining tree where once three massive oaks stood in Whinfell forest called the Three Brethren.

223  Jeremiah 29.6: ‘Take ye wives, and beget sons and daughters; and take wives for your sons, and give your daughters to husbands, that they may bear sons and daughters; that ye may be increased there, and not diminished’; 30.19: ‘And out of them shall proceed thanksgiving and the voice of them that make merry: and I will multiply them, and they shall not be few; I will also glorify them, and they shall not be small’; Psalm 116.12–14: ‘What shall I render unto the Lord for all his benefits toward me? I will take the cup of salvation, and call upon the name of the Lord. I will pay my vows unto the Lord now in the presence of all his people.’

224  The Château de Colombes.

225  Mary Noel. Their daughter Mary Compton would married Charles Sackville, 6^th Earl of Dorset. Their third son Spencer was Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1742 to 1743 and in 1730 he was created Earl of Wilmington.

226  Anne Compton, Marchioness of Clanricarde, was James Compton’s great-aunt, daughter to his grandfather William Compton, 1^st Earl of Northampton. She was living in Liddesdale, in Scotland, at the time, just across the Cumberland border so not too distant from Westmorland.

227  Elizabeth Uvedale, who was married first to Sir William Berkeley.

228  Clement X was born Emilio Bonaventura Altieri. The College of Cardinals took a little over four months to choose a new pope after the death of Clement IX.

229  Ralph Montagu, later Duke of Montagu.

230  Elizabeth Montagu.

231  Thomas Fanshawe.

232  Margaret was to inherit this castle from Anne, and after her death in August 1676 it descended first to Alethea Compton and at her death in 1678 to Margaret’s son Nicholas Tufton, 3^rd Earl of Thanet.

233  Wildboar Fell is the fourth highest fell in the Yorkshire Dales. Hugh Seat is the high point above Black Fell Moss, near Wildboar Fell. Anne had a cairn pillar erected at Hugh Seat in 1664 and the engraving ‘AP1664’ can still be seen. The seat is named after Hugh de Morville, one of the assassins of Thomas Becket. Anne’s ancestor Robert de Veteripont was granted some of Hugh de Morville’s holdings in this area of Westmorland and was made guardian of Hugh Morville’s daughter Ada: see the Great Books, ed. Malay, p. 84.

234  Anne bought this property for George Sedgewick in recognition of his service to her and her family. Her initials can still be seen above the original oak door.

235  William Douglas-Hamilton. He became Duke of Hamilton for his life upon his marriage to Anne Hamilton, 3^rd Duchess Hamilton in her own right. He also took the Hamilton name, as did his children.

236  Robert Leighton’s stepmother was Isabel Musgrave and thus related to Anne.

237  Or Dunmallet, near Pooley Bridge. The remains of an Iron Age fort were discovered here.

238  Christopher Hatton succeeded his father 4 July 1670, becoming the 2^nd Baron Hatton. This appointment as Governor of Guernsey was to have disastrous personal consequences for his family as Anne relates below.

239  His death was caused by complications related to his leg wound received in the fighting in Germany in 1666, see above.

240  Dr John Wells.

241  Diana Tufton.

242  Cecil Tufton, his wife Mary Lloyd, his son Charles Tufton and an unknown daughter. Cecil and Diana were brother and sister to John Tufton, Margaret Sackville’s husband.

243  Later William III of England as co-monarch with his wife Mary II.

244  Mary, Princess Royal, daughter of Henrietta Maria and King Charles I of England.

245  Thomas Butler.

246  This Anne Tufton died as an infant; a second daughter was subsequently named Anne. This Anne married Sir Samuel Grimston.

247  Mary Stuart, later Mary II of England; Anne Stuart, later Anne of England; Edgar Stuart, Duke of Cambridge, who would die in this year.

248  The Countess Pillar.

249  Sir Richard Wenman, who was likely an associate of Anne’s father.

250  Anne Sackville, Countess of Home.

251  Thomas Dicey describes the death of Cecily Tufton in the 1672 explosion in Cornet Castle, Guernsey: ‘Her Ladyship being greatly terrified at the Thunder and Lightning, insisted (before the Magazine blew up) upon being removed from the Chamber she was in, to the Nursery, where having caused her Women to come also to be with her in order to have joined in Prayer, in a few minutes after, that noble Lady and her Women fell a Sacrifice, by one Corner of the Nursery Room falling in upon them; and were the next Morning both found Dead’. Historical Account of Guernsey (1651), p. 125.

252  Elizabeth Montagu.

253  Mary Tufton.

254  Mary Grey, Baroness Lucas in her own right and great-aunt to the child.

255  Anne Neville, daughter of Sir Christopher Neville and Mary D’Arcy,

256  The Master (or Keeper) of the Rolls was a judicial post and had administrative responsible for the records of the Court of Chancery. He oversaw Chancery clerks and at times acted as Keeper of the Great Seal.

257  Anne Bacon.

258  Rolls House, Chancery Lane, London.

259  Psalm 26 does not have a verse 13. All three manuscript editions of the Great Book include this reference, though none is in Anne’s hand as was usual for biblical quotations. Psalm 26.11–12 reads: ‘But as for me, I will walk in mine integrity: redeem me, and be merciful unto me. My foot standeth in an even place: in the congregations will I bless the Lord.’ It may be that Anne meant Psalm 25.11–13: ‘For thy name’s sake, O Lord, pardon mine iniquity; for it is great. What man is he that feareth the Lord? him shall he teach in the way that he shall choose. His soul shall dwell at ease; and his seed shall inherit the earth.’ This seems more likely given its reference to ‘his seed’ as this entry concerns marriage.

260  Psalm 90.15–17: ‘Make us glad according to the days wherein thou hast afflicted us, and the years wherein we have seen evil. Let thy work appear unto thy servants, and thy glory unto their children. And let the beauty of the Lord our God be upon us: and establish thou the work of our hands upon us; yea, the work of our hands establish thou it.’

261  Grimston bought Gorhambury, once the estate of the Bacon family including Sir Nicholas and his son Sir Francis Bacon. His second wife was the great-granddaughter of Sir Francis Bacon.

262  Laura Martinozzi and her daughter Mary of Modena, who married James Duke of York, later James II, in September 1673.

263  William Stanley, 9^th Earl of Derby.

264  Dorothea Helena Kirkhoven.

265  \till the 11^th … there for a time/ H1.

266  Thomas, 8^th Lord Clifford, died in the Battle of St Albans, 22 May 1455. His uncle, they were past the 11^th instant they began their journey towards London again, whither (I thank God) they came safe and well on Friday the 20^th of the same month.

267  Henry Howard, 7^th Earl of Norfolk.

268  This passage, ‘And about that time … Duke of York’, is heavily scored out, completely obscuring the text, in WD and H2. This was likely done by Thomas Tufton after the accession of William and Mary to the throne in 1689.

269  This statement was not completed because Anne died at Brougham Castle on 22 March 1676. Her body was taken to Appleby where she was interred in her tomb in St Lawrence’s church there, near her mother where her monument and body remain today. Anne never strayed far from Brougham Castle during this last period of her life, and it seems clear that she hoped to die in the chamber where her father was born and her mother died, as she did.

270  This paragraph was composed by Thomas Tufton, 6^th Earl of Thanet, and inserted at his request.