¹ Harbans Singh, Berkeley Lectures on Sikhism. Guru Nanak Foundation, New Delhi, 1983.

² In the sixteenth century, some time after Guru Nanak’s death, his followers wrote short accounts of his birth and life. These narratives are the first prose works in the Punjabi language of Guru Nanak’s region of India, the Punjab. They are called Janamsakhis from the Punjabi words janam, ‘birth’, and sakhi, ‘story’.

³ Bhai Vir Singh, ed., Puratan Janamsakhi. Khalsa Samachar, Amritsar, 1948, pp. 16-17.

⁴ Harbans Singh, Guru Nanak and Origins of the Sikh Faith. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1994, pp. 215–16.

⁵ Guru Granth, p. 722.

⁶ Bhai Vir Singh, Varan Bhai Gurdas. Khalsa Samachar. Amritsar, 1977,
var. 33.4.

⁷ Guru Granth, p. 966.

⁸ Bhai Vir Singh, op. cit., var. 1.32.

⁹ Guru Granth, p. 1243.

¹⁰ Harbans Singh, Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sterling, New Delhi, 1982, p. 17.

¹¹ Sujan Rai Bhandari Batalia, Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh. Quoted in Kapur Singh, The Baisakhi of Guru Gobind Singh. Hind Publishers, Jullundur, 1959, pp. 4-5.

¹² Harbans Singh, Sri Guru Granth Sahib: Guru Eternal for the Sikhs. Academy of Sikh Religion and Culture, Patiala, 1988, p. 19.

¹³ See pp. 27–30 for the Khalsa and the significance of this emblem.

¹⁴ See pp. 141–5.