| abject (v) lower, degrade |
annoy (n) injury, (v) injure |
| abortive useless, imperfect; as produced by abortion |
anon soon |
| abstract epitome |
antic hay grotesque rustic dance |
| aby pay for |
arbitrament control, judgement |
| accidental abnormal |
argent silvery-white |
| accomplishment fulfilment of vows |
argin earthwork to protect infantry |
| adamant magnet, proverbially hard stone |
argosy large trading vessel |
| admire wonder, marvel at |
armado warship |
| adventure risk |
arras cloth curtain |
| advertised informed |
artier artery |
| affect (n, v) love, desire |
artisan practitioner |
| affecter lover |
assafoetida strong smelling resinous gum, used in medicine |
| affection emotion |
asseize possess by force |
| against in preparation for |
astonied astounded |
| airy (i) thin, light, (ii) lofty, ethereal |
astracism stars (? bright stars near Aldebaran) |
| alarm, alarum call to arms |
attemptless without attempting (M) |
| Alcoran the Koran |
| Almain German |
avail (n) advantage |
| alongst parallel to |
avaunt (imp) begone |
| amain at full speed or power |
avouch prove |
| ambergris an aromatic |
aware (v) beware |
| an if |
aweful awe-inspiring |
| anagrammatized made into anagrams |
axletree axis |
| balk neglect |
dressed, (v) (i) challenge, (ii) |
| balsamum medicinal balm |
flout |
| ban curse |
brawn muscle |
| bands bonds |
breeching beating |
| bandy exchange blows (from tennis) |
brent burnt |
| |
brigantine pirate ship |
| bane poison |
broil battle |
| banquet (i) banquet, meal of many dishes, (ii) snacks |
brook tolerate |
| |
brown bill foot soldier with bronzed spear |
| bark boat |
|
| barrier armed combat |
brunt attack |
| basilisk (i) fabulous serpent whose breath or looks could kill, (ii) large cannon |
buckled grappled, fought |
| |
buckler shield |
| |
bug bugbear |
| bastone cudgel |
bulk trunk, body |
| batten grow fat |
bulwark projecting earthwork at right angles to fort |
| beard confront |
|
| beaten embroidered |
burgonet light, visored helmet |
| behoof benefit |
buzz murmur |
| belike in all likelihood, perhaps |
by’r Lady by our Lady (the Virgin Mary) |
| benighted overtaken by darkness |
|
| beseem become, accord with one’s position |
cabinet study, private room |
| betimes in good time, quickly |
calor natural heat |
| bever snack |
camp army |
| bewray reveal |
canker parasitic worm (hence, corruption) |
| bickering skirmish, fight |
|
| bill (i) prescription, advertisement, (ii) weapon, a halberd, (iii) deed |
canonize celebrate (as with a saint) |
| |
canvass discuss, consider |
| bind gird |
carbonado cooked strip of meat |
| bolt fetter |
case (i) a pair, (ii) vagina |
| bombard a kind of cannon which fired large stones |
casemate underground chamber |
| |
cassia fragrant shrub |
| boot give advantage, help |
cast (v) (i) conjecture, plan, (ii) vomit |
| bootless useless |
|
| boss fat woman |
cates exotic food |
| bottle bundle |
cavaliero high earthwork forming fortification for cannon |
| bottle-nosed big-nosed |
|
| brain-pan skull |
cazzo diabole (Italian) vulgar oath of contempt (cock devil) |
| brake (n) thicket, bush |
|
| brave (adj) excellent, splendidly |
censure criticism, judgement |
| centric central |
conceit imagination, intellect, thought, conception |
| certify inform |
|
| chafer portable grate |
conceive register in the mind |
| challenge (v) claim |
concoct digest |
| champian level, open |
conduct (i) leadership, (ii) escort |
| changeling fairy child |
conference conversation |
| channel (i) gutter, sewer, (ii) neck, throat |
congé (French) deferential bow |
| |
conster construe |
| chaplet garland |
consummate (adj) (i) perfect, (ii) continued without cessation |
| characters (i) writing, description, (ii) magic symbols |
|
| |
contemn despise |
| charge (v) command |
content agreed |
| charming spell-casting |
continent (n) space, ground, (adj) connected, bordering |
| chary carefully |
|
| chitterlings pig’s intestines, used for sausages |
contributory tributary |
| |
control (i) challenge, (ii) rebuke, (iii) govern |
| chop jowl |
|
| circuit judicial circuit |
controlment rebuke |
| clang sound, note |
corpo di dio (Italian) God’s body |
| clap pat, stroke |
corse corpse, body |
| clean completely |
counterbuff rebuff |
| cleft (i) vulva, (ii) cloven foot |
counterfeit (n) imitation |
| clift cliff |
counterfort brace strengthening wall from within |
| clog heavy weight that impedes motion |
|
| |
countermand revoke by a contrary command |
| close (adj) secret |
|
| closet chamber |
countermine (i) deep underground tunnel, (ii) counterplot |
| clout centre of a target in archery |
|
| coil tumult, fuss |
|
| coll embrace, hug |
countermure make impregnable by wall within fortification |
| colour (i) pretext, (ii) military banner |
|
| |
counterscarp wall of fortification ditch |
| comfit sweet |
|
| commence graduate |
countervail equal |
| compact (v) made, composed |
coz kinsman |
| compass (n) range, (v) reach, achieve, win |
cozen cheat, deceive |
| |
crazed cracked, rotten |
| competitor partner |
crest helmet |
| complice confederate |
crisis critical day of an illness |
| comprise comprehend |
cross (n) coin with a cross on it, (v) obstruct, thwart |
| concave cavity |
|
| concealed occult |
crossbiting swindling |
| crownet bracelet |
distained dishonoured |
| cull pick, select |
distempered troubled, disturbed |
| cullion rascal |
dollar large silver coin |
| culverin long cannon |
dolour misery |
| curious exquisitely crafted or embellished |
doom (n) judgement, (v) judge, sentence |
| curse excommunicate |
doubt (v) fear |
| curst virulent, harsh |
doubtful perplexing, ambiguous |
| curtain wall connecting fortifications |
drave drove |
| |
drench (n) dose, draught, (v) drown |
| curtle-axe cutlass |
|
| cutpurse pick-pocket |
drift purpose |
| |
droop be miserable |
| dalliance idle delay, sexual play |
ducat Venetian gold coin |
| damp mist, vapour |
dumps melancholy thoughts |
| date period of time |
dusky dim, obscure |
| dated having a predetermined end |
Dutch fustian gibberish |
| daunt control |
|
| dazzle blind |
earn grieve |
| declined turned away |
ebon black |
| defy formally renounce allegiance |
ecstasy frenzy |
| descried charted |
écu French crown coin |
| despite scorn, contempt |
effect meaning, gist |
| device handiwork |
egregious distinguished |
| devoir duty |
ell 45 inches |
| diadem crown |
emboss decorate |
| diametarily diametrically |
empale encircle |
| digested endured, got over |
empery empire, rule |
| dirge mass for the dead |
empyreal empyrean |
| discomfit defeat, rout |
enamelled richly painted |
| discoursive protracted, wide-ranging |
enchased adorned |
| |
engine (i) instrument, (ii) siege weapon |
| dismissed redeployed |
|
| dismount throw down from a gun-carriage |
engineer maker of military hardware |
| dispensive subject to dispensation (M?) |
English counter worthless coin, token |
| disport pastime, entertainment |
enlarge free |
| disposition planetary situation |
enow enough |
| disquiet (adj) unquiet, restless |
entertain receive, take into service, welcome |
| dissever shatter, blow up |
|
| distain stain |
enthral enslave |
| entreat persuade |
flagitious wicked |
| entreated treated |
fleer jeer |
| envy (n) hatred, malice, (v) hate |
fleet drift, float |
| epitome summary |
flout mock |
| erect elevate (to the throne) |
foil (n) metal placed behind a jewel to accentuate its brilliance, (v) (i) defile, (ii) defeat |
| erst before, formerly |
|
| essay try, attempt |
|
| estate rank, station |
|
| eternize immortalize |
follower servant, retainer |
| events outcomes |
fond foolish |
| exclaim (n) exclamation |
forslow waste |
| excruciate torment |
forward (adj) eager, precocious |
| exequies funerals |
fraught freight, cargo |
| exhaled turned into a fiery vapour |
fray (v) frighten |
| exhibition stipend |
French crown (i) coin of the reign of Henri III, (ii) the pox |
| exigent exigency, extremity |
|
| expedition speed |
frolic (v) play, (adj) frolicsome |
| expert experienced |
front confront |
| exquisite excruciating |
fruition enjoyment |
| |
full restored to full strength |
| faced (i) outfaced, derided, (ii) trimmed |
furniture armour, weapons |
| |
furtherer helper, abetter |
| fact action, crime |
fustian (i) flax cloth, (ii) nonsense |
| factious seditious |
|
| factor agent |
gat got |
| faggot bundle of wood |
gear business |
| faint faint-hearted |
gentry rank of gentleman |
| falchion sword |
glaive broadsword |
| falconet small cannon |
glass mirror |
| false (v) betray, violate |
glass-windows spectacles |
| familiar evil spirit, attendant |
glorious boastful |
| fancy (v) love |
gloze flatter, dissimulate |
| fatal fated, fateful |
gramercy thank you |
| favour (i) face, (ii) love-token |
gratulate salute, welcome |
| favourless without beauty |
gravel perplex, confound |
| fear (v) frighten |
graving sculpture |
| feeling (adj) (i) sincere, (ii) sensual |
grief pain, suffering |
| fell cruel |
gripe seize tenaciously |
| fence (v) protect, defend |
groat coin of small value (4d) |
| field-piece field-gun |
groom menial, servant |
| figure likeness, image |
guerdon reward |
| file defile |
guilder Dutch coin |
| gull trick |
imperial imperious |
| gum aromatic resin (in perfume and sacrifice) |
import imply, signify |
| |
imprecation prayer |
| |
incense incite, set on fire |
| halberd long-handled weapon |
incontinent immediate, (adv) immediately |
| halcyon kingfisher |
|
| hale drag, draw |
incony sweet |
| hap fortune |
Indian Moor American Indian |
| hapless unfortunate |
|
| haply perhaps |
indifferent impartial |
| happy fortunate |
influence (astrological) power |
| haught haughty, lofty |
insinuate ingratiate |
| haughty high-minded, heroic |
insult exult |
| headed beheaded |
interdict forbid |
| heavy sad |
intolerable incomparable |
| hebon ebony, the juice of which was considered poisonous |
invention plot, plan |
| |
investion investiture |
| hempen (i) of a noose of hemp rope, (ii) made of hempen cloth, homespun |
issue (n) offspring, (v) come out, turn out |
| |
|
|
| hest behest |
iterating repetition |
| hippocras spiced wine |
iwis indeed |
| hogshead 63-gallon cask |
|
| hoise hoist |
jack upstart |
| hold (i) bet, wager, (ii) stronghold |
Jacob’s staff surveying instrument, used for range-finding |
| horse-bread horse feed |
|
| horse-courser horse-dealer |
|
| hospital almshouse |
janizary Turkish infantry-man |
| hostry hostelry, inn |
jar fight, quarrel |
| hoy small trading boat |
jealous (i) anxious for someone’s well-being, (ii) suspicious |
| hugy huge |
|
| humidum moisture |
jennet small Spanish horse |
| humour bodily fluid responsible for health, hence mood |
jesses leather thongs used to restrain hunting birds |
| |
|
|
| hurdle sledge (to carry condemned to execution) |
jesture (i) gesture, (ii) jest |
| |
jet strut |
| hurly-burly confusion, commotion |
jig (i) song and dance, (ii) scurrilous ballad |
| |
keel ship |
| illustrate shed light on |
kern peasant fighter |
| imbecility feeble-mindedness, weakness |
kind (adj) (i) kind, (ii) natural |
| label strip of ribbon for attaching seals to documents |
magnanimity courage in battle |
| |
mail bag containing treasure |
| Lachryma Christi red wine of southern Italy |
main overpowering |
| |
malgrado (Spanish) in defiance of |
| lake dungeon |
manage (n) conduct, (v) tame, control |
| lance slit open |
|
| larded encrusted |
mark (i) brand, (ii) watch, observe |
| lares Roman household gods |
|
| largess largesse, generous reward |
marry by Mary (an oath) |
| latest last |
mask lurk in darkness, hide |
| latter last |
massy solid, weighty |
| laund glade, open space |
masty fattened on pig food |
| lavish (n) prodigious spilling, (adj) insolent, unrestrained |
mate companion, (v) daunt |
| |
maximé maxim |
| lawn piece of fine linen |
measures stately dances |
| leager state of besieging |
meat food |
| league (i) unit of distance: 3 miles, (ii) alliance |
meed merit, reward |
| |
meet (adj) appropriate |
| leman sweetheart |
members people |
| lenity pity |
mends amends, reward |
| let hinder, prevent |
meteor atmospheric phenomenon |
| level (v) (i) aim, (ii) deduce, guess at |
mettle strength, material |
| |
mew capture |
| libel subversive pamphlet |
mickle much |
| liberal (i) well-educated, (ii) generous |
minion (i) small cannon, (ii) sycophant, (iii) lover, favourite |
| licentiate graduate |
|
| liefest dearest |
minx slut |
| linstock stick for holding spill to light cannon |
miscreants heretics, unbelievers |
| |
miss (n) lack of |
| list (i) desire, (ii) listen |
mistrust suspect |
| litter vehicle for one person carried by two servants |
mithridate (usually) antidote to poison |
| loadstar, lodestar guiding light |
moe more |
| looseness sexual incontinence |
monument record of achievement |
| lour frown |
motion (i) movement, (ii) suggestion, (iii) desire |
| lown rogue (Scottish or northern dialect form) |
|
| |
mought might |
| lure imitation bird made of feathers and leather |
mount earthwork used for fortification |
| lusty pleasant |
Muff derogatory term for the Swiss (M?) |
| muscadel, muscadine, muscatel strong sweet wine |
pate head |
| |
pathetical emotive, persuasive |
| mustacho moustache |
patience suffering |
| mystery secret art |
paw claw |
| |
pedant schoolmaster |
| native natural |
pelf money |
| noisome stinking, offensive |
pensiveness melancholy |
| nonce purpose; for the nonce purposely, expressly |
perfecter more skilled |
| |
perforce (i) by violence, (ii) necessarily |
| nonplus state of bewilderment |
|
| nosegay posy |
pericranion skull (technically, the membrane around it) |
| noted stigmatized, branded |
|
| |
period (i) end, conclusion, (ii) sentence |
| occupy possess, have sex with offencious causing offence |
physic medicine |
| organon (i) bodily organs or fluids, (ii) philosophical works of Aristotle (Organon) |
pickadevant short, pointed beard |
| |
pickle-herring (i) pickled herring, (ii) an idiot |
| orient (adj) (i) eastern, (ii) brilliant (of gems) |
pill (v) plunder |
| |
pin nail which secures a clout (q.v.) in archery |
| orifex orifice, wound |
|
| orison prayers |
pined tormented |
| ostler stable-man |
pioners sappers, those who dig mines |
| ostry hostelry, inn |
|
| otherways otherwise |
pitch breadth of shoulders |
| overdare surpass in daring (M) |
pitchy pitch-black |
| overthwart across |
places topics |
| overwatched (i) tired through constant vigilance, (ii) spied upon |
placket (i) (slit in) a skirt or petticoat, (ii) vulva |
| |
plage region |
| |
plain (v) complain |
| painted colourful |
plainer plaintiff |
| pale boundary, fence |
plate piece of silver |
| paragon consort |
platform ground-plan |
| paramour lover |
plaud applause |
| parcel essential part |
pleasant jocular |
| parley debate, dispute |
pleasantness facetiousness |
| partial (i) unfair, (ii) incomplete |
pledge drink toast |
| pash smash to pieces |
pole-axe halberd |
| pass care |
policy cunning |
| passenger traveller |
poniard dagger |
| passing surpassingly |
port gate |
| portague Portuguese gold coin |
rack tear apart, violate |
| portend prophesy, suggest, foresee |
racking driven before the wind |
| portly stately |
ragged rugged |
| post (n) messenger, (v) ride fast |
rampire (n) inner rampart, (v) fortify with ramparts |
| posy pious motto |
|
| pottage (i) porridge, (ii) stew, soup, broth |
range (v) roam |
| |
rankle fester |
| power army |
rape abduction |
| preachment sermonizing |
rapine theft |
| precinct area of secure authority |
raze (i) erase, destroy, (ii) graze |
| precise puritanical |
reave take away |
| precisian puritan, radical protestant |
rebated blunted |
| |
reclaim reform |
| present(ly) immediate(ly) |
recreant traitor |
| prest ready for action |
rector a university principal |
| pretty (i) admirable, (ii) amusing |
recure cure |
| prevent anticipate, forestall |
redoubted fearsome |
| principality princely government |
reflex shine |
| |
refluence flowing back |
| problem scholastic disputation |
refreshing refreshment, food |
| prolocutor herald, spokesman |
regiment power, authority |
| proper own |
regreet greet anew (M) |
| prorex viceroy |
remorseful compassionate |
| protest swear, profess |
renied apostate |
| prove test, experience |
rent rend, tear |
| provender fodder |
repair imminent arrival |
| puissant powerful |
repeal recall (from banishment) |
| purchase win |
repine complain |
| purgation an emetic |
repute understand by |
| pyramid obelisk |
reserve preserve |
| |
resolve (i) determine to achieve, (ii) satisfy, (iii) melt |
| qualify mitigate |
|
| quenchless unquenchable |
respect particular circumstances |
| quick alive |
rest remain |
| quicksilver mercury |
resteth remains to be done |
| quiddity (i) the essence (of something), (ii) quibble |
retire strategic withdrawal from battle |
| quinque-angle five-pointed, star-shaped |
retorqued turned back on themselves (M) |
| quite (i) repay, acquit, (ii) requite |
reverberate beaten back |
| quittance quits |
rivelled twisted, plaited |
| road (i) roadstead, harbour, (ii) raid |
silly feeble, simple |
| |
silverling silver coin |
| room position, office |
sink cesspool |
| round slop baggy trousers |
sith since |
| roundly (i) with complete success, (ii) briskly |
slack neglect |
| |
snipper snapper whippersnapper |
| rout mob |
|
| royalize crown, make celebrated |
society community |
| rub polish |
soil marsh |
| ruin falling |
sollar loft, store-room |
| runagate renegade, runaway, vagabond |
sometime formerly |
| |
sophister specious reasoner |
| ruth suffering, pity |
sort pack |
| rutter knight, cavalry |
sound (v) (i) blow (of trumpet), (ii) resound, echo, (iii) measure (depth) |
| sack dry Spanish white wine |
|
| sakar, saker small cannon |
spials spies |
| salute greet |
splendant bright, resplendent |
| sarell seraglio, harem |
spoil plunder |
| sauce (v) season, flavour |
spurca (Latin) filthy, base |
| savour (n) smell |
spurn kick, disdain |
| scald contemptible |
squib firework |
| scamble compete fiercely for money |
stand upon understand |
| |
standing (n) position, (adj) stagnant |
| scathe harm |
|
| scholarism scholarship |
starting holes refuges for hunted animals |
| scour beat, punish |
|
| scutcheon escutcheon, heraldic shield |
state (i) government, (ii) pomp, ceremony, (iii) throne, (iv) condition |
| sectious factious, sectarian |
|
| seignory governorship |
stature statue |
| sennet trumpet call |
staying supporting |
| serge cheap woollen fabric |
steel (v) sharpen |
| servitor servant |
stern rudder |
| several separate |
still constantly, continuously |
| shag-rag ragged, rascally |
stilts crutches |
| shape (i) appearance, (ii) costume |
stomach (v) resent |
| shaver swindler, rogue |
stoop humiliate |
| shrewdly with conviction, zealously |
straggle wander, (of a soldier) desert |
| shrift confession |
straggler vagabond |
| signs zodiacal signs |
straight immediately |
| strait strict |
torpedo electric ray |
| stranger foreigner |
tottered tattered |
| strangle choke |
tourney tournament |
| style title |
toy trifle, jest |
| suffer allow, permit |
trace track, traverse |
| superficies surface, outer crust |
train retinue |
| superfluities that which floats on the surface |
trained enticed |
| |
trapped adorned |
| surcease cease, bring to an end |
trencher plate |
| surcharge overburden |
trick decorate, adorn |
| sure secure, safe |
tried purified |
| surprise capture |
troll flow |
| suspect suspicion |
trothless disloyal, faithless |
| Switzers Swiss mercenaries |
troublous disordered, disturbed |
| ’swounds by God’s wounds |
trow believe, trust |
| symbolize mix |
trull whore |
| |
trustless untrustworthy, treacherous |
| table memorial tablet |
|
| tainted hit (technical term from tilting) |
tun barrel |
| |
turtle turtle-dove |
| talents talons |
twigger scoundrel, good breeder |
| tall brave, valiant |
|
| targeteers footsoldiers with small shields (targets) |
unacquainted unexampled |
| |
uncontrolled unrebuked, without restraint |
| tartar scum left after fermentation |
|
| tax censure |
uncouth strange, unpleasant |
| tempered refreshed, enlivened |
unfoiled (i) not set against a metal background, (ii) undefiled |
| term statuary bust on top of a pillar |
| |
unhappy miserable, unfortunate |
| terminine boundary |
unkind unnatural |
| theoria contemplation, survey (only instance in OED) |
unresisted irresistible |
| |
ure use |
| throughly thoroughly |
use (n) custom, (v) exhibit |
| tice entice |
|
| tickle chastise |
vail salute by lowering a sail |
| tilt fight on horseback |
vailing taking off, with a flourish |
| timeless (i) eternal, (ii) untimely |
valurous valuable (M) |
| tippet scarf, hence noose |
vaunt boast |
| tire (v) feed, eat ferociously |
vex torment |
| toil snare |
victuals food |
| topless exceedingly high, immeasurable |
villeiness bondwoman, slave |
| |
virtue power, force |
| wag naughty child |
withal with |
| wanton naughty, skittish |
wont, wonted accustomed |
| wants lacks |
wot know |
| watches units of time (usually three hours) |
wrack ruin, shipwreck |
| |
wreak exact vengeance |
| wedge ingot |
wreckful causing shipwreck |
| weeds clothes |
|
| weigh care for, value |
|
| welkin sky |
yoke (i) constrain, (ii) couple |
| welter toss about, overwhelm |
yoky joined by a yoke |
| whilom formerly |
youngling brat |
| whisk whisper, flutter |
|
| whist silent, hushed |
zenith highest point |
| will decree that |
zounds by God’s wounds |