1. THE PRODUCTION OF IGNORANCE
“Uncle Sam’s Insane Push for Transgender Rights in School Locker Rooms”: Editorial, New York Post, November 3, 2015, http://nypost.com/2015/11/03/uncle-sams-insane-push-for-transgender-rights-in-school-locker-rooms/.
“This Australian Newspaper’s Transphobic Headline Breached Press Council Standards”: Lane Sainty, BuzzFeed, August 4, 2015, https://www.buzzfeed.com/lanesainty/the-courier-mails-trans phobic-headline-breached-press-counci?utm_term=.ofrE3G390#.toW90d0kg.
Fox News, July 2017: “Pediatrician: Transgender Ideology Causing Child Abuse,” http://video.foxnews.com/v/5524002302001/?#sp =show-clips.
“Transgender Surgery Isn’t the Solution”: Paul McHugh, Wall Street Journal, June 12, 2014; updated May 13, 2016, https://www.wsj.com/articles/paul-mchugh-transgender-surgery-isnt-the-solution-1402615120.
the Sun’s 2011: “Tran or woman?” https://www.thesun.co.uk/archives/news/393820/ tran-or-woman/.
Turned Him into a “Monster”: Damien Gayle, “Transsexual, 44, Elects to Die by Euthanasia After Botched Sex-Change Operation Turned Him into a ‘Monster,’” The Daily Mail, October 1, 2013, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2440086/Belgian-transsexual-Nathan-Verhelst-44-elects-die-euthanasia-botched-sex-change-operation.html.
“The Gender Bender”: “The Influentials,” CNN, 2014, http://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2014/12/entertainment/cnn10-most-influential/.
“character assassination” of primary schoolteacher Lucy Meadows: Michael Singleton, quoted in Helen Pidd, “Lucy Meadows Coroner Tells Press: ‘Shame on You,’” The Guardian, May 28, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/may/28/lucy-meadows-coroner-press-shame.
before she had transitioned: Richard Littlejohn, “He’s Not Only in the Wrong Body… He’s in the Wrong Job,” Daily Mail, 2012, reposted on The Blog of Robin, https://robinwinslow.uk/2013/03/23/hes-not-only-in-the-wrong-body-repost/.
“shame on all of you”: Pidd, “Lucy Meadows Coroner Tells Press: ‘Shame on You.’”
toward genital surgery: “Channel 4’s Obsession with Genitalia and Surgery Demeans Trans People,” October 14, 2015, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/oct/14/channel-4-genitalia-surgery-trans-people-girls-to-men.
being denied an answer: Joseph Patrick McCormick, “Trans Actress Laverne Cox: ‘A Preoccupation with Transition and Surgery Objectifies Trans People,” Pink News, January 9, 2014, http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2014/01/09/trans-actress-laverne-cox-a-preoccupation-with-transition-and-surgery-objectifies-trans-people/.
“dicks in chicks’ clothing”: Jack Mirkinson, “Julie Burchill Transgender Column Causes Firestorm for the Observer,” Huffington Post, January 14, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/julie-burchill-transgender-column-transphobia-observer_n_2474843.
Shakespeare, Austen, and Swift: R. L. G. “Johnson: Singular They.” Prospero blog, The Economist, February 19, 2014, https://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2014/02/pronouns.
“Deer Spears Sex-Swap Kate”: Joseph Patrick McCormick, “Stag Attack Victim Dr. Kate Stone Celebrates Removal of Trans References from Newspaper Articles,” Pink News, May 12, 2014, http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2014/05/12/stag-attack-victim-kate-stone-celebrates-removal-of-trans-references-from-newspaper-articles.
“Was Kate gored by a stag because she was transgender?”: Yvonne Roberts, “Scientist Kate Stone Hails Landmark Press Negotiation over Transgender Reporting,” The Observer, May 11, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/may/11/transgender-kate-stone-press-complaints-commission-ruling.
“Transgender Issues Are Driving Me Nuts”: Jeremy Clarkson, “Transgender Issues Are Driving Me Nuts. I Need Surgery on My Tick Boxes,” Sunday Times, January 24, 2016, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/jeremy-clarkson-transgender-issues-are-driving-me-nuts-i-need-surgery-on-my-tick-boxes-jzmz6dldvvj.
Y. Gavriel Ansara and Peter Hegarty: “Cisgenderism in Psychology: Pathologizing and Misgendering Children from 1999 to 2008.” Psychology & Sexuality 3 (2012), 137–160, doi: 10.1080/19419899.2011.576696, http://www.apa.org/monitor/2012/09/top-honors.aspx, and http://ansaraonline.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Ansara__Hegarty_2012_Cisgenderism_in_Psychology.19690333.pdf.
“Changing Sex Is Not to Be Done Just on a Whim”: Melanie McDonagh, Evening Standard, January 5, 2016, https://www.standard.co.uk/comment/comment/melanie-mcdonagh-changing-sex-is-not-to-be-done-just-on-a-whim-a3149031.html.
“odd,” “gross,” and “freaks”: Stephanie Beryl Gazzola and Melanie Ann Morrison, “Cultural and Personally Endorsed Stereotypes of Transgender Men and Transgender Women: Notable Correspondence or Disjunction?” International Journal of Transgenderism 15, no. 2 (2014): 76–99, doi: 10.1080/15532739.2014.937041.
2. “CALL ME CAITLYN”
Why didn’t Islan Nettles?: Mey, “What We’re Going to Say About Caitlyn Jenner,” Autostraddle (website), June 12, 2015, http://www.autostraddle.com/what-were-going-to-say-about-caitlyn-jenner-292957/.
“shy, miserable person”: “Christine Jorgensen,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Jorgensen.
“Did the surgeon’s knife make me a woman or a freak?” Jenni Olson, The Queer Movie Poster Book (New York: Chronicle Books, 2004).
all-out street fight: Susan Stryker, Transgender History (Berkeley, CA: Seal Press, 2008), p. 67.
rape, and murder: Ibid.
stabbing herself to death: Nick Adams, “How TV’s CSI Is Screwing Us Again,” The Advocate, December 2, 2012, https:// www.advocate.com/commentary/2012/12/02/op-ed-how-tv-show-csi-screwing-us-again.
“transgender people, especially women”: s. e. smith, “The Transphobia Is Out There,” BitchMedia, February 5, 2016, https://bitchmedia.org/x-files-transphobia-transgender-character-weremonster-reboot.
their body was discovered: Kiran Randhawa, “‘Inmates Heard Shouts of ‘Help Me’ Before Transsexual Prisoner Was Found Dead,’” Evening Standard, February 18, 2015, http://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/inmates-heard-shouts-of-help-me-before-transexual-prisoner-was-found-dead-10053295.html.
National Offender Management Service Deaths in Custody Database: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/493975/deaths-in-custody-table.pdf.
3. FINDING MY VOICE
in the front as feminine: Sonja K. Foss, Mary E. Domenico, and Karen A. Foss, Gender Stories: Negotiating Identity in a Binary World (Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, 2013), p. 135.
4. COULDN’T YOU JUST… NOT BE?
real world experience: Ryan F. Mandelbaum, “How American Healthcare Is Failing Transgender Patients,” Gizmodo (website), May 31, 2017, http://gizmodo.com/how-american-healthcare-is-failing-transgender-patients-1794384745.
and other service providers: Jaime M. Grant et al., Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey (Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, 2011).
a terrifying combination: Ibid.
“a hard-to-reach goal”: European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, “Being Trans in the European Union: Comparative Analysis of EU LGBT Survey Data,” 2014.
the mercy of individual doctors: James Meikle, “NHS Treats Transgender People as Second-Class Citizens, Says Watchdog.” The Guardian, May 20, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/may/20/nhs-treats-transgender-people-as-second-class-citizens-says-watchdog.
in India: Yadavendra Singh et al., “Gender Transition Services for Hijras and Other Male-to-Female Transgender People in India: Availability and Barriers to Access and Use,” International Journal of Transgenderism 15, no. 1 (2014): 1–15, doi: 10.1080/15532739.2014.890559.
Colombia: Rodrigo A. Aguayo-Romero et al., “Gender Affirmation and Body Modification Among Transgender Persons in Bogotá, Colombia,” International Journal of Transgenderism 16, no. 2 (2015): 103–115, doi: 10.1080/15532739.2015.1075930.
the Philippines: Sam Winter, Sass Rogando-Sasot, and Mark King, “Transgendered Women of the Philippines,” International Journal of Transgenderism 10, no. 2 (2007): 79–90, doi: 10.1080/15532730802182185.
to make them larger: Katie Sutton, “‘We Too Deserve a Place in the Sun’: The Politics of Transvestite Identity in Weimar Germany,” German Studies Review 35, no. 2 (May 2012): 335–354.
all of these methods: Kelley Winters, “The Gender Gulag: Voices of the Asylum,” GID Reform Weblog, November 26, 2008, https://gidreform.wordpress.com/2008/11/26/the-gender-gulag-voices-of-the-asylum./
5. WHAT ABOUT SEX?
of even five categories: Anne Fausto-Sterling, “The Five Sexes: Why Male and Female Are Not Enough,” The Sciences (March–April 1993), pp. 20–24, http://capone.mtsu.edu/phollowa/5sexes.html.
“of having green eyes”: Cary Gabriel Costello, “How Common Is Intersex Status?” The Intersex Roadshow (website), March 12, 2012, http://intersexroadshow.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/how-common-is-intersex-status.html.
“nor is X that of femininity”: Ian Steadman, “Sex Isn’t Chromosomes: The Story of a Century of Misconceptions About X & Y,” New Statesman, February 25, 2015, http://www.newstatesman.com/future-proof/2015/02/sex-isn-t-chromosomes-story-century-misconceptions-about-x-y.
“So why focus on difference?”: Cordelia Fine, Delusions of Gender: The Real Science Behind Sex Differences (London: Icon Books, 2007), p. 165.
XY chromosomes: Nature, 2015: “Sex redefined.” http://www.nature.com/news/sex-redefined-1.16943.
“was wholly jarring”: Julia Serano, Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity (Berkeley, CA: Seal Press, 2007), pp. 80–87.
falling in the middle: Laura Gowing, “Lesbians and Their Like in Early Modern Europe, 1500–1800,” in Robert Aldrich, ed., Gay Life and Culture: A World History (London: Thames & Hudson, 2006), p. 129.
gendered behavior must be policed: Kathryn M. Ringrose, “Living in the Shadows: Eunuchs and Gender in Byzantium,” in Gilbert Herdt, ed., Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History (Brooklyn, NY: Zone Books, 1994).
in a straight line: Graham Robb, Strangers: Homosexual Love in the Nineteenth Century (New York: W. W. Norton, 2003), p. 46.
as recently as 1979: Huma Qureshi, “Passport, Visa, Virginity? A Mother’s Tale of Immigration in the 1970s,” The Guardian, May 13, 2011, https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/may/13/virginity-tests-uk-immigrants-1970s.
“this preference has an evolutionary advantage behind it”: Coco Masters, “Study: Why Girls Like Pink,” Time, August 20, 2007, http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1654371,00.html.
(daintier and more delicate): Ben Goldacre, “Out of the Blue and in the Pink,” The Guardian, August 25, 2007, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2007/aug/25/genderissues.
transgender children: Kristina Olson and Lily Durwood, “Are Parents Rushing to Turn Their Boys into Girls?” Slate (website), January 14, 2016, http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2016/01/14/what _alarmist_articles_about_transgender_children_get_wrong.html.
to feel as they did: Natacha Kennedy, http://www.academia.edu/2760086/Transgender_Children_More_than_a_Theoretical _Challenge_2012_updated_version_.
“Fix society. Please.”: Ed Pilkington, “Ohio Transgender Teen’s Suicide Note: ‘Fix Society. Please,’” The Guardian, January 5, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/05/sp-leelah-alcorn-transgender-teen-suicide-conversion-therapy.
a form of child abuse: Paris Lees, “Thank You, Obama, for Condemning ‘Conversion Therapy’ for LGBT Teens,” The Guardian, April 10, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/10/obama-conversion-therapy-lgbt-teens-leelah-alcorn.
the general population: Brynn Tannehill, “The End of the Desistance Myth,” Huffington Post, January 1, 2016, updated January 1, 2017, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/brynn-tannehill/the-end-of-the-desistance_b_8903690.html.
without fear of rejection: Colt Keo-Meier, quoted in ibid.
“about delaying puberty or transitioning”: Zack Ford, “This Is What Happens to Transgender Kids Who Delay Puberty,” Think Progress (website), September 16, 2014, https://thinkprogress.org/this-is-what-happens-to-transgender-kids-who-delay-puberty-1f51ef660e7c/.
across the board: The Endocrine Society, “High Need for Treatment of Transgender Youth,” Science Daily (website), March 8, 2015, https:// www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150308091402.htm.
another six years to complete: Sara Reardon, “Largest Ever Study of Transgender Teenagers Set to Kick Off,” Nature, March 29, 2016, http://www.nature.com/news/largest-ever-study-of-transgender-teenagers-set-to-kick-off-1.19637.
7. DELUSIONAL AND DISTURBED
dress, and act like women: Graham Robb, Strangers: Homosexual Love in the Nineteenth Century (New York: W. W. Norton, 2003), p. 43.
sodium pentothal and testosterone: http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/april-ashley/early-life.aspx.
8. A DIFFERENT APPROACH
trans children without that support: Impacts of Strong Parental Support for Trans Youth. A report prepared for the Children’s Aid Society of Toronto and for Delisle Youth Services.
group of young people: JoNel Aleccia, “Transgender Kids’ Mental Health Boosted by Family Support, UW Study Finds,” The Seattle Times, February 25, 2016, https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/health/family-support-boosts-transgender-kids-mental-health-uw-study-finds/.
10. ARE TRANS PEOPLE REAL?
“the ‘trans’ pantomime”: Joe Morgan, “Daily Mail’s Richard Littlejohn Writes Transphobic Rant 3 Years After Being Blamed for Death of Trans Teacher,” Gay Star News, January 15, 2016, http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/richard-littlejohn-transphobic-rant/#gs.AzMF7LU.
has stormed front and center into the mainstream political debate: National Conference of State Legislatures, “‘Bathroom Bill’ Legislative Tracking,” July 28, 2017, http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/-bathroom-bill-legislative-tracking635951130.aspx.
anti-trans bathroom bill in 2016: Garrett Epps, “North Carolina’s Bathroom Bill Is a Constitutional Monstrosity,” The Atlantic, May 10, 2016, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/hb2-is-a-constitutional-monstrosity/482106/.
bills soon after: Dawn Ennis, “Republican National Committee Endorses Anti-Trans ‘Bathroom Bills,’” The Advocate, February 25, 2016, https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2016/2/25/republican-national-committee-endorses-anti-trans-bathroom-bills.
capitulating to popular anti-trans sentiment: “Trump Revokes Guidelines on Transgender Bathrooms in Schools,” ABC News, February 24, 2017, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-23/trump-revokes-guidelines-on-transgender-bathrooms/8295482.
in their own homes: Zack Ford, “Ted Cruz Doesn’t Want Any Transgender People in Any Bathroom Anywhere,” Think Progress (website), April 26, 2016, https://thinkprogress.org/ted-cruz-doesnt-want-any-transgender-people-in-any-bathroom-anywhere-b6f1a0e3e72e/.
by “perverts and pedophiles”: Mark Joseph Stern, “North Carolina School Board Lets Kids Carry Pepper Spray in Case They Encounter Trans Students,” Slate (website), May 11, 2016, http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2016/05/11/north_carolina_school _board_allows_pepper_spray_against_trans_students.html.
after widespread condemnation: Mark A. Plemmons, “Rowan-Salisbury School Board Decides Not to Allow Pepper Spray at High Schools,” Independent Tribune, May 24, 2016, http://www.independenttribune.com/news/rowan-salisbury-school-board-decides-not-to-allow-pepper-spray/article_4af1e660-21af-11e6-aa7c-5318d9219a48.html.
fend off trans people: Sunnivie Brydum, “Right-Wingers Pledge to Carry Guns to Bathroom to Fend Off Trans Folks,” The Advocate, April 25, 2016, https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2016/4/25/right-wingers-pledge-carry-guns-bathroom-fend-trans-folks.
that best match our genders: Hadley Malcolm, “More Than 700,000 Pledge to Boycott Target over Transgender Bathroom Policy,” USA Today, April 25, 2016, https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2016/04/25/conservative-christian-group-boycotting-target-transgender-bathroom-policy/83491396/.
after gym class: Charlotte Alter, “Mike Huckabee Joked About Pretending to Be Transgender to Shower with Girls After Gym Class,” Time, June 2, 2015, http://time.com/3905462/mike-huckabee-transgender-joke/.
over a decade of incarceration: Mitch Kellaway, “Incarcerated Texas Trans Woman Finally Wins Safer Housing After Repeated Rapes, Threats,” The Advocate, March 31, 2015, https://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2015/03/31/incarcerated-texas-trans-woman-finally-wins-safer-housing-after-repe.
Vicky Thompson in 2015: “Death of Transgender Woman Vicky Thompson in Male Prison Prompts Calls for Law Change,” The Independent, 2015, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/death-of-transgender-woman-vicky-thompson-in-male-prison-prompts-calls-for-law-change-a6742676.html.
these stories pour in from around the world: Cat McShane, “Transgender Offenders Are Being Victimized in Jails Across the World—and Justice Systems Can’t Cope,” Vice (website), December 21, 2015, https://news.vice.com/article/transgender-offenders-are-being-victimized-in-jails-across-the-world-and-justice-systems-cant-cope.
denied her medication: Rachel Revesz, “Black Transgender Woman Delivers Emotional Interview About Her Abuse in Prison,” The Independent, February 12, 2016, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/black-transgender-woman-breaks-down-in-interview-over-her-abuse-in-prison-a6870566.html.
was punished for doing so: Matthew Shaer, “The Long, Lonely Road of Chelsea Manning,” The New York Times Magazine, June 12, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/12/magazine/the-long-lonely-road-of-chelsea-manning.html.
a chance at medical transition: Al Jazeera News, 2016: “US army whistleblower Chelsea Manning attempted suicide.” http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/07/lawyers-confirm-chelsea-manning-attempted-suicide-160712055644219.html.
their lived gender: “Transgender Prisoners: System Failure?” BBC News, December 3, 2015, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-34984249.
“‘Oh, my God, that’s disgusting’”: “Quagmire’s Dad,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quagmire%27s_Dad.
an undisclosed sum: “There’s Something About Miriam,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There%27s_ Something_About _Miriam.
Gwen’s trans status: Patrick Hoge, “Defense Calls Transgender Victim Guilty of ‘Deception and Betrayal,’” SF Gate, April 16, 2004, http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/HAYWARD-Defense-calls-transgender-victim-guilty-2792421.php.
their appalling brutality: Human Rights Watch, “Not Safe at Home: Violence and Discrimination Against LGBT People in Jamaica,” October 21, 2014, https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/10/21/not-safe-home/violence-and-discrimination-against-lgbt-people-jamaica.
“They get aggressive and kill the sex worker”: Didem Tali, “What I’ve Learned Trying Not to Get Killed as a Transgender Sex Worker,” Vice (website), March 18, 2016, https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/nnkwwk/most-dangerous-place-transgender-europe-turkey-didem-tali.
“against trans people”: German Lopez, “How Bad Is the Epidemic of Violence Against Transgender Women? It’s Hard to Know,” Vox (website), November 20, 2015, http://www.vox.com/2015/10/20/9574239/transgender-murders-epidemic.
And they will be missed: Sunnivie Brydum, “In Wake of Trans Murders, Janet Mock Teaches Us Why We Must #SayHerName,” The Advocate, August 25, 2015, https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2015/08/25/watch-janet-mocks-powerful-response-murders-trans-women.
“Woman Avoids Jail”: “Woman Who Used Fake Penis to Have Sex with a Woman Avoids Jail,” The Guardian, December 15, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/dec/15/woman-who-used-fake-penis-to-have-sex-with-a-woman-avoids-jail.
“Reveals Her Horror”: Rob Pattinson, “‘The Pain Was Excruciating, I Couldn’t Eat or Sleep’: Woman Duped by Lesbian with Fake Penis Reveals Her Horror,” The Sun, December 15, 2015, http:// www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/6806667/Mum-duped-into-sex-by-lesbian-posing-as-a-man-blasts-judge-for-jail-let-off.html.
“She Met on Facebook”: http://www.lincolnshireecho.co.uk/Lincolnshire-woman-posed-man-sexually-assaulted/story-28069633-detail/story.html.
“selfish… dreadful and deceitful”: “Woman Who Used Fake Penis,” The Guardian, December 15, 2015.
Norway, and Ireland: Henry McDonald and agencies, “Ireland Passes Law Allowing Trans People to Choose Their Legal Gender,” The Guardian, July 16, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/16/ireland-transgender-law-gender-recognition-bill-passed.
11. THE DENIAL OF HISTORY
found throughout the text: Nerissa Gailey and A. D. Brown, “Beyond Either/or: Reading Trans* Lesbian Identities,” Journal of Lesbian Studies 20, no. 1 (2015): 65–86.
I have ever seen: Helen Russell, “Gerda Wegener: ‘The Lady Gaga of the 1920s,’” Guardian (London), September 28, 2015.
with police permission: Graham Robb, Strangers: Homosexual Love in the Nineteenth Century (New York: W. W. Norton, 2003), p. 166.
the Prussian state: Vern L. Bullough, “Legitimatizing Transsexualism,” International Journal of Transgenderism, 10, no. 1 (2007): 3–13, doi: 10.1300/J485v10n01_02 (p. 5).
and “homosexual”: Susan Stryker, Transgender History (Berkeley, CA: Seal Press, 2008), p. 38.
“the most dangerous Jew in Germany”: Florence Tamagne, “The Homosexual Age, 1870–1940,” in Aldrich, Gay Life and Culture.
World League for Sexual Reform: Stryker, Transgender History, p. 96.
pushing a kink too far: Brett Genny Beemyn, “A Presence in the Past: A Transgender Historiography,” Journal of Women’s History 25, no. 4 (winter 2013): 113–121.
silent movie adaptation: Karl M. Baer, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_M._Baer.
surgical transition in 1917: Alan L. Hart, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_L._Hart.
“this nature were performed”: Katie Sutton, “‘We Too Deserve a Place in the Sun’: The Politics of Transvestite Identity in Weimer Germany,” German Studies Review 35, no. 2 (May 2012).
“a complete woman”: Ibid.
numbers were considerable: Florence Tamagne, “The Homosexual Age, 1870–1940,” in Aldrich, Gay Life and Culture.
further punishment for their “crimes”: “The Nazi Era” in Paragraph 175, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paragraph _175#The_Nazi_era.
the category contained multitudes: Kathryn M. Ringrose, “Living in the Shadows: Eunuchs and Gender in Byzantium,” in Herdt, Third Sex, Third Gender.
to become a pederast: Casanova, quoted by Vern L. and Bonnie Bullough, Cross Dressing, Sex, and Gender (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), pp. 84–85.
and femininity of movement: Theo van de Meer, “Sodomy and the Pursuit of a Third Sex in Early Modern Europe,” in Herdt, Third Sex, Third Gender.
“the object of everybody”: Michael Sibalis, “Male Homosexuality in the Age of Enlightenment and Revolution, 1680–1850,” in Aldrich, Gay Life and Culture.
as women gave them: Bernd-Ulrich Hergemöller, “The Middle Ages,” in Aldrich, Gay Life and Culture.
executed by beheading: Laura Gowing, “Lesbians and Their Like in Early Modern Europe, 1500–1800,” in Aldrich, Gay Life and Culture.
“any specific detriment”: https://petition.parliament.uk/petitions/104639.
to the MoJ: Beyond the Binary, “Non-Binary Gender Factsheet,” Google Docs, https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6uo3Mt-MvPfa 1R6X05zckVlX2VUMy1iMFZCWUhMWEdoUk1Z/view.
at the beginning of 2016: UK Parliament, Women and Equalities Committee, Transgender Equality Inquiry, report published January 14, 2016, government response published July 7, 2016 (see next citation), https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/women-and-equalities-committee/inquiries/parliament-2015/transgender-equality/.
dismissed it: Government Equalities Office, Government Response to the Women and Equalities Committee Report on Transgender Equality, July 2016, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/535764/Government_Response _to_the_Women_and_Equalities_Committee_Report_on _Transgender_Equality.pdf.
or government official: Caroline Linton, “A Non-Binary Student Publicly Came Out for the First Time—to President Obama,” Splinter (website), April 23, 2016, http://fusion.net/story/294831/maria-munir-non-binary-gender-comes-out-president-obama/.
gendered categories: Joseph Patrick McCormick, “Will Smith Is Proud That ‘Fearless’ Jaden Wears ‘Women’s Clothes,’” Pink News (website), February 10, 2016, http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2016/02/10/will-smith-is-proud-that-fearless-jaden-wears-womens-clothes/.
reported such feelings: Daphna Joel et al., “Queering Gender: Studying Gender Identity in ‘Normative’ Individuals,” Psychology and Sexuality (2013), http://people.socsci.tau.ac.il/mu/daphnajoel/files/2014/11/Joel_gender_identity_2013.pdf.
between male and female: Beyond the Binary, “Non-Binary Gender Factsheet.”
13. THE T FROM THE LGB
broader term “queer”: Greta R. Bauer et al., “Sexual Health of Trans Men Who Are Gay, Bisexual, or Who Have Sex with Men: Results from Ontario, Canada,” International Journal of Transgenderism 14, no. 2 (2013): 66–74.
their sexual orientation: Scottish Transgender Alliance, 2012 Trans Mental Health Study.
these modern ideas grew: Brett Genny Beemyn, “The Americas: From Colonial Times to the 20th Century,” in Aldrich, Gay Life and Culture.
“a woman’s soul trapped in the wrong body”: Florence Tamagne, “The Homosexual Age, 1870–1940,” in Aldrich, Gay Life and Culture.
same-sex-oriented man: Gert Hekma, “‘A Female Soul in a Male Body’: Sexual Inversion as Gender Inversion in Nineteenth-Century Sexology,” in Herdt, Third Sex, Third Gender.
despite his birth: Louis Sullivan, From Female to Male: The Life of Jack Bee Garland (Boston: Alyson Publications, 1990).
and sacrificial victims: Susan Stryker, Transgender History (Berkeley, CA: Seal Press, 2008), p. 96.
as “she/her” does: http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/books/2014/11/17/transgender-pioneer-leslie-feinberg-stone-butch-blues-has-died.
what is woman?: Minnie Bruce Pratt, s/he (Boston: Alyson Books, 2005; orig. Firebrand Books, 1995), pp. 117–118.
our feminisms are stuck: Gabrielle Le Roux, “Proudly African and Transgender,” Women: A Cultural Review 1 (2012): 79–95.
“in Bitter Debate”: Jill Stark, “Call Yourself a Woman? Feminists Take on Transgender Community in Bitter Debate,” The Sydney Morning Herald, November 22, 2015, http://www.smh.com.au/national/what-makes-a-woman-feminists-take-on-transgender-community-in-bitter-debate-20151113-gkyk6u.html.
“Radical Feminism and Transgenderism”: Michelle Goldberg, “What Is a Woman?” The New Yorker, August 4, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/08/04/woman-2.
“Feminism and the Transgender Movement”: Miranda Yardley, “The Conflict Between Feminism and the Transgender Movement,” Morning Star, December 24, 2014, http://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/a-cb92-The-conflict-between-feminism-and-the-transgender-movement.
“What Makes a Woman?”: Lydia Smith, “Transgender Rights Versus Feminism: What Makes a Woman?” International Business Times, October 28, 2015, http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/transgender-rights-versus feminism-what-makes-woman-1501487.
or race discrimination: Kimberlé W. Crenshaw, “Demarginalising the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Anti-discrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Anti-racist Politics,” in Helma Lutz et al., eds., Framing Intersectionality: Debates on a Multi-Faceted Concept in Gender Studies (Farnham, UK: Ashgate/Taylor and Francis, 2011).The title here differs from that given in the text, which is the original.
and zoom away: Ibid.
was similarly full of shit: Julie Burchill, “Don’t You Dare Tell Me to Check My Privilege,” The Observer, February 2, 2014, http://www.spectator.co.uk/2014/02/dont-you-dare-tell-me-to-check-my-privilege/.
“Feminism (n): Plural”: Roxane Gay, Bad Feminist (London: Corsair, 2014), p. iv.
“the fractures among us”: Ibid., p. xiii.
“created by forces of male power”: Sheila Jeffreys, Gender Hurts (New York: Routledge, 2014), p. 20.
to the detriment of all others: Roxane Gay, Bad Feminist (introduction), p. xiii.
15. FUTURES
a Chair in Transgender Studies: http://www.uvic.ca/research/transchair/.
the Obama administration: Cleis Abeni, “Meet the First Trans White House LGBT Liaison,” The Advocate, March 14, 2016, https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2016/3/14/latina-just-became-first-transgender-white-house-lgbt-liaison.
was published in 2017: Rachel Deahl, “Book Deals: Week of March 28, 2016.” Publishers Weekly, March 25, 2016, http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/book-deals/article/69778-book-deals-week-of-march-28-2016.html.
identify as heterosexual: Zing Tsjeng, “Teens These Days Are Queer AF, New Study Says,” Broadly section, Vice (website), March 10, 2016, https://broadly.vice.com/en_us/article/teens-these-days-are-queer-af-new-study-says.
eating disorders in trans teenagers: Zena Blair, “Why Transgender Youth Are More at Risk for Eating Disorders Than Their Peers,” Teen Vogue, March 4, 2016, http://www.teenvogue.com/story/transgender-youth-eating-disorders.
of medical transition: Elle Bradford, “You Won’t Believe How Much It Costs to Be Transgender in America,” Teen Vogue, November 14, 2015, http://www.teenvogue.com/story/transgender-operations-hormone-therapy-costs.
to trans friends: Vera Papisova, “7 Things You Should Never Ask a Transgender Person,” Teen Vogue, February 23, 2016, http://www.teenvogue.com/story/things-to-never-ask-transgender-people-hari-nef.
bathroom predator: Caroline Lehmann, “Unsurprisingly, Trans Students Have Caused Zero Incidents in Public Bathrooms,” Seventeen, June 8, 2015, http://www.seventeen.com/life/school/news/a31352/in-unsurprising-news-trans-students-have-caused-zero-incidents-in-public-bathrooms/.
inclusion of trans scouts: Curtis M. Wong, “Girl Scouts Return $100,000 When Donor Demands It Not Be Used for Transgender Girls,” Huffington Post, July 1, 2015, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/girl-scouts-transgender-donation_us_5592d41fe4b000 c99ee1cc65.
children and teenagers: Hayley Miller, “Heartwarming Story of the Day: Outpouring of Support for Transgender Youth in Wisconsin Town,” Human Rights Campaign, December 3, 2015,
we were assigned at birth: Ben Bloom, “Transgender Athletes Allowed to Compete at Rio Olympics Without Sex Reassignment Surgery,” The Telegraph, January 25, 2016,http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/2016/02/22/transgender-athletes-allowed-to-compete-at-rio-olympics-without/.
legally recognized: “Vietnam: Positive Step for Transgender Rights,” Human Rights Watch, November 30, 2015, https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/11/30/vietnam-positive-step-transgender-rights.
their true genders: “Trans People to Receive Compensation for Forced Sterilization in Sweden.” TGEU (Transgender Europe), April 27, 2016, http://tgeu.org/trans-people-to-receive-compensation-for-forced-sterilisation-in-sweden/.
working hard to achieve it: Jessica Chasmar, “Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau Seeks Federal Ban on Anti-Transgender Speech,” The Washington Times, May 23, 2016, https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/may/23/justin-trudeau-canadian-prime-minister-seeks-feder/.
a differently sexed body: Jason Kambitsis, “A Crazy Oculus Rift Hack Lets Men and Women Swap Bodies,” Wired, February 25, 2014, http://www.wired.com/2014/02/crazy-oculus-rift-experiment-lets-men-women-swap-bodies/.
transplanted womb: “Woman Has Healthy Baby Boy After Womb Transplant in Sweden,” ABC News, October 4, 2014, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-10-04/woman-has-baby-after-womb-transplant-in-sweden/5790726.
from stem cells: Maggie Fox, “Researchers Grow Kidney, Intestine from Stem Cells,” NBC News, October 8, 2015, http://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/researchers-grow-kidney-intestine-stem-cells-n441066.
and mob retribution: Human Rights Watch, “License to Harm: Violence and Harassment Against LGBT People and Activists in Russia,” December 15, 2014, https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/12/15/license-harm/violence-and-harassment-against-lgbt-people-and-activists-russia.
“posing as women”: Human Rights Watch, “I’m Scared to Be a Woman: Human Rights Abuses Against Transgender People in Malaysia,” September 24, 2014, https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/09/24/im-scared-be-woman/human-rights-abuses-against-transgender-people-malaysia.
trans women were murdered: Juliana Britto Schwartz, “At Least 48 Transgender Women Killed in Brazil in January,” Feministing (website), 2016, http://feministing.com/2016/02/03/at-least-48-transgender-women-killed-in-brazil-in-january/.
anti-LGBT backlash: J. Lester Feder and Rin Hindryati, “Muslim School for Trans Women Shut Down in Indonesia,” BuzzFeed (website), February 25, 2016, http://www.buzzfeed.com/lesterfeder/muslim-school-for-trans-women-shut-down-in-indonesia#.wo0vb5qaZ.
purge the military of trans service members: Julie Hirschfeld Davis and Helene Cooper, “Trump Says Transgender People Will Not Be Allowed in the Military,” The New York Times, July 26, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/26/us/politics/trump-transgender-military.html?mcubz=0. See also Dave Philipps, “Second Judge Blocks Trump’s Transgender Ban in the Military,” New York Times, November 21, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/21/us/transgender-ban-military.html.
those who had none: Kirstie Brewer, “Services for LGBT Young People Will Just Disappear,” The Guardian, February 2, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/feb/02/services-for-lgbt-young-people-will-just-disappear.
very existence is a crime: Free Movement (website), “LGBT Asylum Seekers: A Toxic Mix of Homophobia, Misogyny, and Ignorance Corrupts the Asylum System,” April 27, 2015, https://www.freemovement.org.uk/lgbt-asylum-seekers-a-toxic-mix-of-homophobia-misogyny-and-ignorance-corrupts-the-asylum-system/.