NOTES

Please note that some of the links referenced throughout this work may no longer be active.

INTRODUCTION

  1. . See John Hudson, “Inside Hillary Clinton’s Massive Foreign Policy Brain Trust,” Foreign Policy, February 10, 2016; and Stephen M. Walt, “The Donald vs. the Blob,” Foreign Policy, May 16, 2016, at http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/05/16/the-donald-vs-the-blob-hillary-clinton-election/.

  2. . See “Open Letter on Donald Trump from GOP National Security Leaders,” March 2, 2016, at http://warontherocks.com/2016/03/open-letter-on-donald-trump-from-gop-national-security-leaders/; and “A Letter from GOP National Security Officials Opposing Donald Trump,” The New York Times, August 8, 2016, at www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/08/08/us/politics/national-security-letter-trump.html?_r=0.

  3. . See “Transcript: Trump Expounds on His Foreign Policy Views,” The New York Times, March 26, 2016, at www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/us/politics/donald-trump-transcript.html; and “Transcript: Donald Trump on NATO, Turkey’s Coup Attempt and the World,” July 21, 2016, at www.nytimes.com/2016/07/22/us/politics/donald-trump-foreign-policy-interview.html.

  4. . When announcing his presidential bid in 2015, Trump claimed that Mexico was sending to the United States “people that have lots of problems … They’re bringing drugs. They’re bringing crime. They’re rapists.” See “Full Text: Trump Announces a Presidential Bid,” The Washington Post, June 16, 2015. And in his first major foreign policy speech in April 2016, Trump said, “There are scores of recent migrants inside our borders charged with terrorism … We must stop importing extremism through senseless immigration policies.” Ryan Teague Beckwith, “Read Donald Trump’s ‘America First’ Foreign Policy Speech,” Time, April 27, 2016, at http://time.com/4309786/read-donald-trumps-america-first-foreign-policy-speech/.

  5. . See Juliet Eilperin, “Obama Lays Out His Foreign Policy Doctrine: Singles, Doubles, and the Occasional Home Run,” The Washington Post, April 28, 2014, at www.washingtonpost.com/world/obama-lays-out-his-foreign-policy-doctrine-singles-doubles-and-the-occasional-home-run/2014/04/28/e34ec058-ceb5-11e3-937f-d3026234b51c_story.html.

  6. . See David Law and Mila Versteeg, “The Declining Influence of the U.S. Constitution,” New York University Law Review 87, no. 3 (June 2012).

  7. . See Beckwith, “Read Donald Trump’s ‘America First’ Foreign Policy Speech.”

  8. . In a March 2016 interview with The New York Times, Trump said, “We’re not a rich country. We were a rich country with a very strong military and tremendous capability in so many ways. We’re not anymore. We have a military that’s severely depleted.” See “Transcript: Donald Trump Expounds on His Foreign Policy Views.”

  9. . Trump was not alone in this view. For criticisms of recent U.S. foreign policy from a variety of perspectives, see Andrew Bacevich, Washington Rules: America’s Path to Permanent War (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2010); Barry R. Posen, Restraint: A New Foundation for U.S. Grand Strategy (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2014); Chas W. Freeman, “Militarism and the Crisis of American Diplomacy,” Epistulae, no. 20, July 7, 2015; Michael Mandelbaum, Mission Failure: America and the World in the Post–Cold War Era (New York: Oxford, 2016); Robert Lieber, Retreat and Its Consequences: American Foreign Policy and the Problem of World Order (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015); Bret Stephens, America in Retreat: The New Isolationism and the Coming Global Disorder (New York: Sentinel, 2014); and Jeremy Scahill, Dirty Wars: The World Is a Battlefield (New York: Nation Books, 2013).

  10. . George H. W. Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), p. 564.

  11. . Thus, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama are all “liberals,” in the sense that all were equally committed to the ideals of individual freedom, democracy, rule of law, and competitive markets.

  12. . On the foreign policy establishment, see Michael J. Glennon, National Security and Double Government (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014); Mike Lofgren, The Deep State: The Fall of the Constitution and the Rise of a Shadow Government (New York: Viking, 2016); and Scott Horton, The Lords of Secrecy: The National Security Elite and America’s Stealth Warfare (New York: Nation Books, 2015).