1. Andrew Gowers and Tony Walker, Behind the Myth, Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Revolution; Thomas Kiernan, Yasser Arafat, the Man and the Myth; Rasheda Mahran, Arafat, the Difficult Number (Arabic); Dany Rubenstein, The Mystery of Arafat; Janet and John Wallach, Arafat in the Eyes of the Beholder.
2. Andrew Gowers and Tony Walker, and Alan Hart in Arafat, state he was born in Cairo; Elizabeth Ferber (Yasir Arafat, a Life of War and Peace) and Milton Viorst (Sandcastles) suggest Jerusalem or Gaza. Biographers disagree on his mother’s family name; some state that she was an Abu Saoud while others believe she was a Husseini. And most writers insist his father’s family are a branch of the prominent Husseini family while a few hint at an Egyptian connection, mostly without explaining it.
1. Janet and John Wallach, Arafat in the Eyes of the Beholder, p.11. The Wallachs dug deeper and discovered the truth.
2. Wallach, p.x.
3. Andrew Gowers and Tony Walker, Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Revolution, p.13.
4. Wallach, p.63; Time magazine, 13 December 1968.
5. Elizabeth Ferber, Yasir Arafat, a Life of War and Peace, p.25.
6. Ferber, p.42.
7. Wallach, p.84.
8. The Mufti’s other close aide was Sheikh Mousa Shahine, the author’s maternal grandfather whose recollections are incorporated in this book.
9. Dany Rubenstein, The Mystery of Arafat, p.38.
10. David Halevy and Neil C. Livingstone, Inside the PLO, p.63.
11. Hart, Arafat, p.53.
12. Conversation with Larry Collins, author of O Jerusalem; interview in Seattle in 1996 with Abu Said Abu Rish, the author’s father and in 1948 a close associate of Abdel Kader.
13. Rubenstein, p.36.
14. Hart, p.68.
15. Gowers and Walker, p.18.
16. Ferber, p.42.
17. Hassan Khalil Hussein, Abu Iyad, Unknown Pages from His Life, p.13.
18. Jean Lacouture, Nasser, p.59.
19. Gowers and Walker, p.28. The authors claim that Arafat attributes his release to the intercession of Egyptian Kamal Eddine Hussein, but the latter could not remember.
20. Harold M. Cubert, The PFLP’s Changing Role in the Middle East, p.44.
21. Gowers and Walker, p.29.
22. Hussein, p.5.
23. Yezid Sayigh, Armed Struggle and the Search for State, the Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993, p.66.
24. Hart, p.99.
1. Interview with Dr Tayseer Kamleh, a Palestinian activist in the 1950s and 1960s who later joined Arafat, in London in July 1997; Audeh Butrus Audeh, Surrender in the Arab Condition, p.89.
2. Audeh, pp.85, 88.
3. Jochen Hippler and Andrea Lueg, The Next Threat, pp.106–7; Said K. Aburish, A Brutal Friendship, the West and the Arab Elite p.288.
4. Interview with the Mufti in Beirut in 1960. The Mufti admitted that the Arab Higher Committee supported the Kassem regime and received financial help from it.
5. Hassan Khalil Hussein, Abu Iyad, Unknown Pages from His Life, p.64.
6. Bassam Abu Sharif and Uzi Mahmaini, Tried by Fire, cites George Habbash on Yasser Arafat, p.33.
7. Abu Iyad, My Home, My Land, p. 12.
8. Moshe Shemesh, The Palestinian Entity, 1959–1974, Arab Politics and the PLO, p.3.
9. David Hirst, The Gun and the Olive Branch, p.273.
10. Barry Rubin, The Arab States and the Palestinian Conflict, p.20; Shemesh, p.8.
11. Laura A. Brand, Palestinians in the Arab World, p.122.
12. Andrew Gowers and Tony Walker, Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Revolution, p.65.
13. Janet and John Wallach, Arafat in the Eyes of the Beholder, p.103.
14. Gowers and Walker, pp.40–1.
15. Bassam Abu Sharif and Uzi Mahmaini, p.57.
16. Walid Khalidy, Palestine Reborn, p.9.
17. Audeh, pp.89–90.
18. Kamleh interview.
19. Kamleh interview. Dr Kamleh was privy to a meeting between Arafat and Syrian Colonel Fuad Munther at the town of Dar’a on the Syrian-Jordanian border when the latter offered his help in smuggling people into Jordan and the West Bank, something which must have had official sanction.
20. Brand, p.56; Deborah J. Gerner, One Land, Two Peoples, The Conflict over Palestine, p.84.
21. William B. Quandt, Palestinian Nationalism, its Political and Military Dimension, p.6.
22. Gowers and Walker, pp.65–6.
23. Gowers and Walker, p.58; Shemesh, p.59.
24. Time magazine interview with Abu Said Abu Rish, the author’s father, in 1965.
25. Based on the recollection of a former Arafat aide who spoke on a non–attribution basis.
26. Gerard Chaliand, The Palestinian Resistance, pp.16, 57.
27. Alan Hart, Arafat, pp.155–9; Gowers and Walker, pp.54–5.
28. Aburish, pp.201–3.
29. Gowers and Walker, p.60.
30. W. Khalidy, p.9.
31. Rubin, p.2, states Fatah was never capable of fighting Israel. Dr Kamleh and others involved in Fatah’s affairs at the time testify that the Fatah leadership knew this.
32. Hussein, p.73.
33. W. Khalidy, p.9.
34. Charles D. Smith (ed.), Palestine and the Arab–Israeli Conflict, p.196; Rashid Khalidy, Palestinian Identity, the Construction of a Modern National Consciousness, p.192.
35. Ian Black and Benny Morris, Israel’s Secret Wars, a History of Israel’s Intelligence Service, pp.212–13.
1. Dan Raviv and Yossi Melman, Every Spy a Prince, p. 161.
2. Don Neff, Fallen Pillars, US Policy towards Palestine and Israel since 1945, p.153.
3. Yezid Sayigh, Armed Struggle and the Search for State, the Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993, p.156.
4. Ian Black and Benny Morris, Israel’s Secret Wars, p.242; Samuel M. Katz, Soldier Spies, Israeli Military Intelligence, p.206.
5. Interview with an old Arafat associate who spoke on a non-attribution basis to conceal other revelations which are not complimentary.
6. Interview with an old Arafat associate (as n.5).
7. Sayigh, p.164.
8. Sayigh, p.156.
9. Charles D. Smith (ed.), Palestine and the Arab–Israeli Conflict, p.241.
10. Barry Rubin, Revolution Until Victory?, p.16.
11. James Lunt, Hussein of Jordan, p.171.
12. Sayigh, p.178.
13. Lunt, p.172.
14. Interview with Colonel Mohammed Radi Abdallah, ret., Jordan’s most decorated soldier, in London in March 1996.
15. John Bulloch, Final Conflict, p.165.
16. Janet and John Wallach, Arafat in the Eyes of the Beholder, p.279.
17. David Halevy and Neil C. Livingstone, Inside the PLO, p.80. Journalist Halevy based the book on Israeli intelligence information and states that Arafat and Abu Iyad fought at Karameh.
18. John K. Cooley, Green March, Black September, p.100.
19. Helena Cobban, The Palestinian Liberation Organization, People, Power and Politics, p.39.
20. S. A. El– Edroos, The Hashemite Arab Army, p.442.
21. Jean Lacouture, Nasser, p.328.
22. Hassan Khalid Hussein, Abu Iyad, Unknown Pages from His Life, p.154.
23. Lacouture, p.332.
24. Interview with Dr Abdel Majid Farid, former aide to Nasser, in London in September 1997.
25. Cooley, p.109, states that between 1967 and 1970, the Palestinian guerrillas inflicted 543 dead and 1763 wounded.
26. Audeh Butrus Audeh, Surrender in the Arab Condition, p.158.
27. Sayigh, p.234.
28. The Times (London), 15 June 1969.
29. David Hirst, The Gun and the Olive Branch, p.294.
30. Andrew Gowers and Tony Walker, Behind the Myth Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Revolution, pp.86–7.
31. Bassam Abu Sharif and Uzi Mahmaini, Tried by Fire, p.39.
1. Yezid Sayigh, Armed Struggle and the Search for State, the Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993, p.284.
2. Sayigh, p.55; Rasheda Mahran, Arafat, the Difficult Number (Arabic), p.161, tells of the kidnapping of some Jordanian army officers.
3. Janet and John Wallach, Arafat in the Eyes of the Beholder, p.285.
4. James Lunt, Hussein of Jordan, p.180.
5. Charles D. Smith (ed.), Palestine and the Arab–Israeli Conflict, p.223.
6. Sayigh, p.244.
7. Moshe Shemesh, The Palestinian Entity, 1959–1974, the PLO and Arab Politics, p.141.
8. Shemesh, p.143.
9. John K. Cooley, Green March, Black September, p.5.
10. Seymour Hersh, The Price of Power, Kissinger and the Nixon White House, p.241. Hersh states that the Jordanian move against the PLO was planned in advance with US connivance.
11. Andrew Gowers and Tony Walker, Behind the Myth, Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Revolution, p.106.
12. Bassam Abu Sharif and Uzi Mahmaini, Tried by Fire, pp.81–6.
13. Abu Sharif and Mahmaini, pp.81–6.
14. Ghanem Habbib Allah, PLO Relations with the Jordanian Regime (Arabic), p.58.
15. Interview with Colonel Mohammed Radi Abdallah, ret., then a commander of a Jordanian armoured unit, in London in March 1996.
16. Hersh, p.241, states that Kissinger and Nixon considered dropping American paratroops in Jordan.
17. Gowers and Walker, pp.111–14.
18. Abdallah interview.
19. Interview with Dr Abdel Majid Farid, former aide to Nasser, in London in September 1997.
20. Wallach, p.182. At one point King Faisal of Saudi Arabia airlifted ammunition to help the Jordanians.
21. Mohammed Heikal, Secret Channels, p.309.
22. Mahran, p.179.
23. Mahran, p.175.
24. Gowers and Walker, p.105. Others in the Arafat camp, including Abu Iyad and Abu Jihad, disagreed, but it was Arafat’s word that mattered.
25. Mohammed Heikal, Al Ahram, 26 July 1971; Shemesh, p.173.
26. Moshe Moaz, Palestinian Leadership in the West Bank, pp.70–1.
27. Moaz, p.54.
28. Alain Gresh, The PLO, the Struggle within: towards a Palestinian State, p.79.
29. Shemesh, p.177.
30. Fuad Ajami, The Arab Predicament, Arab Thought and Practice since 1967, p.41.
31. Gowers and Walker, p.119.
32. Sayigh, p.307.
33. Gowers and Walker, p.135.
34. Gowers and Walker, p.137, suggest Arafat began to oppose terror.
35. Cooley, p.106.
36. Sayigh, p.311, states that this was the end of Fatah’s involvement in terrorism.
37. Cooley, p.5.
38. Hersh, p.407.
39. Moshe Moaz, Asad, Sphinx of Syria, p.85.
39. William B. Quandt, Fuad Jabber and Anne Mosley Lesch, The Politics of Palestinian Nationalism, p.207.
40. Gresh, p.126.
41. Interview with Elias Freij in Bethlehem in May 1997.
42. Sayigh, p.351.
43. Sayigh, pp.296–8.
44. Quandt, Jabber and Lesch, p.132.
45. Paul C. Findley, They Dare to Speak, People and Institutions Confront the Israeli Lobby, p.15.
46. Gowers and Walker, p.295.
47. Abu Rish interview.
48. Barry Rubin (ed.), Revolution Until Victory?, p.83.
1. Seymour Hersh, The Price of Power, Kissinger and the Nixon White House, pp.402–6, documents how Kissinger frustrated the peace efforts of Secretary of State William Rogers in order to replace him.
2. Avi Shlaim, War and Peace in the Middle East, p.47, records how Israeli lack of responsiveness to Sadat’s peace overtures made war inevitable.
3. Patrick Seale, Abu Nidal, the World’s Most Notorious Terrorist, p.50.
4. Andrew Gowers and Tony Walker, Behind the Myth, Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Revolution, pp.152–3.
5. Yezid Sayigh, Armed Struggle and the Search for State, the Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993, p.319.
6. Alain Gresh, The PLO, the Struggle within: towards a Palestinian State, p.126.
7. Sayigh, p.320.
8. Seale, p.94.
9. Moshe Shemesh, The Palestinian Entity, 1959–1974, Arab Politics and the PLO, p.305.
10. Gowers and Walker, pp.105–6.
11. Marie Colvin interview with Walid Khalidy, BBC documentary aired on 5 June 1990.
12. Sayigh, p.448.
13. David McDowall, The Palestinians, the Road to Nationhood, p.75.
14. Thomas Friedman, Prom Beirut to Jerusalem, p.164; Shlaim, p.58.
15. Sayigh, p.373.
16. Jonathan Randal, The Tragedy of Lebanon, pp.84–5.
17. Rasheda Mahran, Arafat, the Difficult Number (Arabic), p.208.
18. Barbara Newman, The Covenant, p.5; David Gilmour, Lebanon, the Fractured Country, p.146, states Israeli financial help to the Christians reached the level of $100 million in 1976.
19. Ian Black and Benny Morris, Israel’s Secret Wars, A History of Israel’s Intelligence Service, p.265.
20. Aaron David Miller, The Arab States and the Palestinian Question, p.84.
21. Wade Goria, Sovereignty and Leadership in Lebanon, p.230; Moshe Moaz, Asad, Sphinx of Syria, p.137; and others.
22. Sayigh, p.388.
23. Charles D. Smith (ed.), Palestine and the Arab–Israeli Conflict, p.242.
24. Walid Khalidy, Palestine Reborn, p.117.
25. Gresh, p.214.
26. Interview with Elias Freij in Bethlehem in May 1997.
27. Gresh, pp.217–18.
28. Donald Neff, Fallen Pillars, US Policy towards Palestine and Israel since 1945, p.117.
29. Alan Hart, Arafat, p.401.
30. Mohammed Heikal, Secret Channels, p.390.
31. Barry Rubin (ed.), Revolution Until Victory?, p.58.
32. Interviews with former member of PFLP command Munif Abu Rish and other PLO figures.
33. Hart, p.405.
34. International Herald Tribune interview, 14 December 1981.
35. Heikal, p.318.
1. Arafat interview with Abu Said Abu Rish in Beirut in January 1982; Jonathan Randal, The Tragedy of Lebanon, p.245; Yezid Sayigh, Armed Struggle and the Search for State, the Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993, p.515.
2. Abul Tayyeb (Mahmoud Al Nattar), Earthquake in Beirut (Arabic), p.76.
3. Ian Black and Benny Morris, Israel’s Secret Wars, a History of Israel’s Intelligence Service, p.373.
4. Randall, p.247.
5. Randall, p.250.
6. Sayigh, p.524.
7. Tayyeb, p.39.
8. Alan Hart, Arafat, p.415.
9. Charles D. Smith (ed.), Palestine and the Arab–Israeli Conflict, p.267.
10. Abba Eban, Personal Witness, Israel Through My Eyes, p.616.
11. Rashid Khalidy, Under Siege, PLO Decision–making during the 1982 War, p.64.
12. Rasheda Mahran, Arafat, the Difficult Number (Arabic), p.217.
13. Dina Abdel Hamid, Duet for Freedom, p.28.
14. Andrew Gowers and Tony Walker, Behind the Myth, Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Revolution, p.283.
15. Khalidy, p.127.
16. Interview with John K. Cooley in London in April 1997.
17. Interview with Abu Said Abu Rish in Seattle in May 1996.
18. Interview with Karsten Tveit in Jerusalem in April 1995.
19. Tayyeb, p.48.
20. Interview with Lebanese journalist Suleiman Firzli in London in July 1997.
21. John Bulloch, Final Conflict, p.214.
22. Alain Gresh, The PLO, the Struggle within: towards a Palestinian State, p.227.
23. David Hirst, The Gun and the Olive Branch, p.416.
24. Sayigh, p.533.
25. Helena Cobban, The Palestinian Liberation Organization, People, Power and Politics, p.135.
26. Eban, p.616.
27. Hirst, p.423.
28. Said K. Aburish, A Brutal Friendship, the West and the Arab Elite, p.212.
29. Bassam Abu Sharif and Uzi Mahmaini, Tried by Fire, p.201.
30. Shaul Mishal, The PLO under Arafat, between the Gun and the Olive Branch, p.172; Thomas Friedman, From Beirut to Jerusalem, pp.172–3.
31. Hirst, p.420.
32. Abu Sharif and Mahmaini, p.205.
33. Sayigh, p.602.
34. Mahran, p.389.
35. David Halevy and Neil C. Livingstone, Inside the PLO, p.86.
36. Edward W. Said, The Politics of Dispossession, the Struggle for Palestinian Self-determination, 1969–1994, p.xxix.
37. Mahran, p.31.
38. Abu Sharif and Mahmaini, p.207.
39. Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen), Through Secret Channels, p.58.
40. Friedman, p.367.
1. Yezid Sayigh, Armed Struggle and the Search for State, the Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993, p.608.
2. Mohammed Heikal, Secret Channels, p.382.
3. Charles D. Smith (ed.), Palestine and the Arab–Israeli Conflict, p.297.
4. David McDowall, Palestine and Israel, the Uprising and Beyond, p.9.
5. Abba Eban, Personal Witness, Israel Through My Eyes, p.624.
6. Sayigh, p.614.
7. Glen Frankel, Beyond the Promised Land, Jews and Arabs on the Hard Road to a New Israel, p.57.
8. Heikal, p.386.
9. Sayigh, p.618.
10. Edward W. Said, Culture and Imperialism, p.311.
11. McDowall, p.ll.
12. Andrew Gowers and Tony Walker, Behind the Myth, Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Revolution, p.374.
13. Bernard Kimmerling and Joel S. Migdal, The Palestinians, the Making of a People, p.265.
14. Edward W. Said, The Politics of Dispossession, the Struggle for Palestinian Self–determination, 1969–1994, p.xxix.
15. McDowall, p.209.
16. McDowall, p.8.
17. Gowers and Walker, p.392.
18. Time magazine, 26 December 1988.
19. The author was among many people contacted by Arafat’s assistants who wanted to plant stories to this effect.
20. Glenn E. Robinson, Building a Palestinian State, the Incomplete Revolution, p.86.
21. Interview with Rifa’at Audeh in Beit Sahur in 1990.
22. Robinson, p.88; Frankel, p.65.
23. Robinson, p.89.
24. Interview with Beit Sahur local leader Makram Sa’ad in Bethlehem in 1990.
25. Sayigh, p.640.
26. Hanan Ashrawi, This Side of Peace, p.67.
27. Milton Viorst, Sandcastles, p.251; Saïd K. Aburish, A Brutal Friendship, the West and the Arab Elite, p.102.
28. Interview with Pierre Salinger, author of The Gulf War, the Secret File, in London in 1992.
29. Efraim Karsh and Inari Rautsi, Saddam Hussein, a Political Biography, pp.212, 216.
30. Sayigh, p.642.
31. Ashrawi, p.70.
32. Conversation with Bassam Abu Sharif in London in 1992.
33. Interview in Jerusalem in April 1995 with Norwegian journalist Karsten Tveit, who investigated the whole incident for an hour–long documentary.
34. Dilip Hiro, From Desert Shield to Desert Storm, p.382.
35. Conversation with Sari Nusseibeh in November 1990.
36. Hiro, p.297.
37. Sayigh, p.641.
1. Glenn Frankel, Beyond the Promised Land, Jews and Arabs on the Hard Road to a New Israel, p.249.
2. The source is a member of the PLO office in London who spoke on a non-attribution basis.
3. Charles D. Smith (ed.), Palestine and the Arab–Israeli Conflict, p.313.
4. Hanan Ashrawi, This Side of Peace, p.199.
5. Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen), Through Secret Channels, pp.38–75.
6. Edward W. Said, The Politics of Dispossession, the Struggle for Palestinian Self–determination 1969–1994, p.xxxi.
7. Ashrawi, p.116.
8. The source is an eyewitness to the incident who was interviewed on a non–attribution basis.
9. Janet and John Wallach, Arafat in the Eye of the Beholder, p.8.
10. Yezid Sayigh, Armed Struggle and the Search for State, the Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993, p.655.
11. Omar Massalha, Towards the Long-promised Peace, p.51.
12. Ashrawi, p.96.
13. Ashrawi, p.126.
14. Ashrawi, p.130.
15. Frankel, p.350.
16. The author was by chance in attendance when this man had a meeting with a Lebanese journalist and succeeded in recruiting him for a substantial sum of money.
17. Interview with Hanan Ashrawi in Ramla in May 1997.
18. The busy PLO office used an outside messenger, a resident Arab, who was interviewed by the author.
19. Massalha, p.60.
20. Ashrawi, p.144.
21. Conversation with the man who provided Abu Sharif with Carter’s telephone number and made himself available to help throughout the ordeal.
22. Ashrawi, p.204.
23. Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen), p.78.
24. Jane Corbin, The Norway Channel, p.34.
25. Ashrawi, p.240.
26. Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen), p.113.
27. Smith (ed.), p.317.
28. Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen), p.200.
29. Corbin, p.46.
30. Frankel, p.352.
31. John King, Handshake in Washington, p.lll. According to King, Abu Mazen asked for Egyptian help to start direct negotiations.
32. Mohammed Heikal, Secret Channels, p.431.
33. Shimon Peres, Battling for Peace, p.384. Peres writes of Abu ’Ala removing members of his team who were opposed to the direction of the negotiations. Kurd was the only person who was replaced.
34. Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen), p.162.
35. Corbin, pp.83–102.
36. Heikal, p.438.
37. Corbin, p.118.
38. Heikal, p.463.
39. Heikal, p.463.
40. Heikal, p.462.
41. Interview with Faisal Husseini in Jericho in May 1997.
42. Frankel, p.357.
43. Ashrawi, p.273.
44. Heikal, p.468.
45. Faisal Husseini interview.
46. Ashrawi, p.260.
47. Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen), p.163.
48. Burhan Dajani, Peace Negotiations, the Way, Choices and Prospects (Arabic), p.89.
49. Edward W. Said, Peace and Its Discontents, p.viii.
50. Interview with Peres, pp.412–3.
51. Shmueil Toledano in May 1994.
52. Said cited a BBC interview in The Politics of Dispossession, p.6.
53. Dilip Hiro, Sharing the Promised Land, an Interwoven Tale of Israelis and Palestinians, pp.426–7.
54. Cited in Noam Chomsky, World Orders, New and Old, p.257.
1. Barry Rubin (ed.), Revolution Until Victory?, p.162. Rubin cites New York Times correspondent Thomas Friedman.
2. Graham Usher, Palestine in Crisis, the Struggle for Peace and Political Independence after Oslo, p.15.
3. Rubin (ed.), p.197.
4. Mohammed Heikal, Secret Channels, p.479.
5. Edgar O’Ballance, The Palestinian Intifada, p.163.
6. Burhan Dajani cites interview with Der Spiegel in Peace Negotiations, the Way, Choices and Prospects, p.163.
7. Usher, p.15.
8. Heikal, p.473.
9. Noam Chomsky, World Orders, New and Old, p.395.
10. Edward W. Said, Peace and Its Discontents, p.7.
11. Heikal, p.472.
12. Usher, p.19.
13. Said, p.5.
14. Interview with Dr Khalil Shkaki in Nablus in April 1996.
15. Amos Oz, Israel, Palestine and Peace, p.121.
16. Heikal, p.503.
17. Glenn Frankel, Beyond the Promised Land, Jews and Arabs on the Hard Road to a New Israel, p.377.
18. Heikal, p.495.
19. Interview with Jad Itzhaq, chairman of the Institute of Applied Research, in Bethlehem in April 1997.
20. Heikal, p.517.
21. Dan O’Neill and Don Wagner, Peace or Armageddon? The Unfolding Drama of the Middle East Peace Accord, p.56.
22. Meron Benvenisti, Ha’aretz, 12 May 1994.
23. Oz, p.ll3.
24. Interview with Hussein Daif Allah of the Al Haq Human Rights Organization in Ramla in April 1997.
25. Bassam Abu Sharif and Uzi Mahmaini, Tried by Fire, p.288.
26. Interview with Ghassan Khatib in Jerusalem in April 1997.
27. Khatib interview.
28. Usher, p.74.
29. Usher, p.63.
30. Interview with a member of the Palestine National Council who spoke on a non–attribution basis.
31. Dany Rubenstein, The Mystery of Arafat, p.124.
32. Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen), Through Secret Channels, p.172.
33. Heikal, p.512.
34. Frankel, p.380.
35. Interview with Sam’an Khoury, Deputy Director of the Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation, in Ramla in April 1997.
36. Interview with an editor who attended the meeting.
37. Dilip Hiro, Sharing the Promised Land, an Interwoven Tale of Israelis and Palestinians, p.287.
38. Interview with Daniel Siedman, an Israeli lawyer specializing in land affairs, in April 1997.
39. O’Ballance, p.160.
40. Heikal, p.536.
41. Heikal, p.538.
42. Interview with Basim Eid, Director of the Palestinian Human Rights Monitor, in Jerusalem in May 1997.
43. Ha’aretz, 21 January 1995.
44. Usher, p.75.
45. Rubenstein, p.125.
46. Interview with a Bethlehem businessman with close connections to the PNA.
1. Interviews in Ramla and Jericho in April 1997.
2. Middle East Journal, Autumn 1996.
3. Interview with Ghassan Khatib in Jerusalem in April 1997.
4. Khatib interview.
5. Edward W. Said, Peace and Its Discontents, p.xxv.
6. Dany Rubenstein, The Mystery of Arafat, p.123.
7. Interview with Tim Llewellyn in London, 14 January 1998. Llewellyn was one of the few Western journalists to spend two weeks in Hebron studying the results of the agreement.
8. Khatib interview.
9. Interview in Nablus in April 1997.
10. Interview in Jerusalem in April 1997.
11. Interview in Jerusalem in April 1997.
12. Al Quds Al Arabi, 4 September 1996.
13. Said, p.169.
14. David Hirst, Guardian, 21 April 1997.
15. Mohammed Heikal, Secret Channels, p.532.
16. Human Rights Monitor magazine, Issue 5, Autumn 1997.
17. Interview in Jerusalem in May 1997.
18. Amnesty International report of 2 December 1996, p.8.
19. Off-the-record interviews with the families of two of them in Jericho and Nablus.
20. International Herald Tribune, 2 July 1997.
21. Occasional Paper No.12, 1996.
22. This was confirmed by several foreign correspondents and the PNA’s Legate to a leading European country.
23. Dilip Hiro, Sharing the Promised Land, an Interwoven Tale of Israelis and Palestinians, p.424.
24. Rubenstein, p.115.
25. Said, p.9; Rubenstein, p.34.
26. Al Quds Al Arabi, 6 June 1997.
27. PASSIA Diary, 1997.
28. PASSIA Diary, 1997.
29. Wall Street Journal, 31 January 1997.
30. Interview in May 1995.