Chapter 1: Introduction
1. Possibly, you’ll have hundreds of great-great... etc.-grandparents alive, each of whom survived long enough to produce at least one child who also survived long enough to produce at least one child, and so on. In theory, if you travel back to 1215, the year King John signed the Magna Carta, four out of every five people you meet will be your forebears. The only reason that doesn’t work out in fact is because the population is so small, for many generations people have to marry their cousins and second cousins, reducing the total number of grandparents involved every time this happens.
Chapter 2: Social Structure and Housing
1. H. S. Bennett, Life on an English Manor, (Cambridge University Press, 1937, pp61-62).
2. Fictionalised interview using factual material from Margaret Wade Labarge, Life in a Baronial Household of the Thirteenth Century, (Phoenix Paperback, 2003).
3. Will of Ellen Langwith, fols.9-11v transcribed by the author in L. Boatwright, M. Habberjam & P. Hammond [eds], The Logge Register of Prerogative Court of Canterbury Wills, 1479-86, (Richard III Society, 2008).
Chapter 3: Beliefs and Religious Ideas
1. P.J.P. Goldberg, Women in England, c.1275-1525, (Manchester University Press, 1995, p262, No. 5).
2. Adapted from Maggie Black, The Medieval Cookbook, (British Museum Press, 1992, pp63-64).
3. P.J.P. Goldberg, Women in England, c. 1275-1525, (Manchester University Press, 1995, p271, [b]).
4. Fictionalised interview using factual material from ‘Three Fifteenth-Century Vowesses’ by Mary C. Erler in Medieval London Widows, 1300-1500, edited by Caroline M. Barron & Anne F. Sutton (The Hambledon Press, 1994, pp171-75).
Chapter 4: Clothing and Appearance
1. See The National Archives [TNA] MS E101 for details of Sumptuary Laws.
2. Statute of Apparel, 1463.
3. Ruth Goodman, How to be a Tudor, (Penguin, 2015, pp23-24).
4. University of Innsbruck http://www.uibk.ac/urgeschichte/projekte_forschung/textilien-lengberg/medieval-lingerie-from-lengberg-castle-east-tyrol.html
Chapter 5: Food and Shopping
1. Blaunderelles are described as white apples, good for the digestion. Chibols are a type of little onion not unlike salad onions or spring onions. Lampreys are tiny, eel-like fish. King Henry I is said to have died of eating ‘a surfeit of lampreys’ or – more likely – food-poisoning.
2. Adapted from Maggie Black, The Medieval Cookbook (British Museum Press, 1992, pp5-47).
3. Fictionalised interview using factual material from Lorna J. Sass, To the King’s Taste (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1975, pp11-20).
4. Calendar of Plea & Memoranda Rolls of the City of London (Cambridge University Press, 1929, p66).
5. Calendar of Plea & Memoranda Rolls of the City of London (Cambridge University Press, 1929, p180).
6. Molly Harrison, People and Shopping (Ernest Benn Ltd, 1975, p24).
Chapter 6: Health and Medicine
1. From Reliquiae Antiquae, a fourteenth century fragment of manuscript, (Thomas Wright [ed] 1841).
2. P.W. Hammond & Anne F. Sutton, Richard III – The Road to Bosworth Field (Constable & Co., 1985, p23).
3. Fictionalised interview using factual material from J. K. Mustain, ‘John Crophill – A Rural Medical Practitioner in Fifteenth-Century England’ in Bulletin of the History of Medicine 46 (1972, pp473-74).
4. C. H. Talbot & E. A. Hammond, The Medical Practitioners of Medieval England – A Biographical Register (Wellcome Historical Medical Library, London, 1965, p241).
5. More information on both Richard Esty and William Hobbys can be found in Toni Mount, Medieval Medicine – Its Mysteries & Science (Amberley, 2015, pp43-44, 66-69, 164-65, 103, 181 & 197). Richard Esty’s medical handbook (1454) was the subject of the author’s thesis for her MA by Research (unpublished but available at the Wellcome Library for the History of Medicine, London, 2009).
Chapter 7: Work and Leisure
1. Caroline M. Barron, ‘Johanna Hill and Johanna Sturdy, Bell-Founders’ in [Caroline M. Barron & Anne F. Sutton [eds], Medieval London Widows, 1300-1500 (The Hambledon Press, 1994, pp99-111).
2. Toni Mount, Medieval Housewives and Women of the Middle-Ages (Echoes from History, 2007, p31).
3. Fictionalised interview using factual material from various sources including the Catalogue for the V & A’s English Medieval Embroidery, Opus Anglicanum exhibition, (London, 2016-17, p43); Caroline M. Barron, London in the Later Middle Ages, (Oxford UP, 2004, pp324-27); Sylvia L. Thrupp, The Merchant Class of Medieval London, (Ann Arbor, 1962, p327); John O’Connell, The Book of Spice, (Profile Books, 2015, pp230-33).
4. Caroline M. Barron, ‘Medieval Queens of Industry’ in BBC History Magazine, (June 2014, p32).
Chapter 8: Family Matters
1. The author’s modern translation of ‘How The Wise Man Taught His Son’, stanza 12 in John Russell’s Babees Boke of Nurture (British Library, Harley MS.2399 and five other manuscript versions).
2. P. J. P. Goldberg, Women in England, c. 1275-1525, (Manchester UP, 1995, p118 [d]).
3. B. A. Hanawalt, Growing Up in Medieval London: The Experience of Childhood in History, (Oxford UP, 1993, pp217-22).
4. Fictionalised interview using factual material from Marie Barnfield, ‘Diriment Impediments, Dispensations and Divorce: Richard III and Matrimony’, a paper in The Ricardian, (The Richard III Society, 2007, pp84-98).
5. P. J. P. Goldberg, Women in England, c.1275-1525, (Manchester UP, 1995, pp219-21, No. 17).
6. Shannon McSheffrey, Marriage, Sex and Civic Culture in Late Medieval London, (Pennsylvania UP, 2006, pp166-67).
7. R. Virgoe, The Illustrated Letters of the Paston Family, (Macmillan, 1989, p183).
8. H. S. Bennett, The Pastons and their England, (Cambridge UP, 1990, pp45-46).
9. This painting, created c.1490, is in the National Museum in Kracow, Poland.
Chapter 9: Warfare
1. Fictionalised interview using factual material from Toni Mount, Warrior Kings of England, (MadeGlobal Medieval Courses Online, 2017, Module 10).
2. Toni Mount, Warrior Kings of England, (MadeGlobal Medieval Courses Online, 2017, Module 22).
3. Toni Mount, Warrior Kings of England, (MadeGlobal Medieval Courses Online, 2017, Module 17).
4. Paraphrased by the author from Anne F. Sutton & Livia Visser-Fuchs, Richard III’s Books (Alan Sutton Publishing, 1997, pp77-80).
5. Asloan Manuscript, MS.16500, f.247 https://digital.nls.uk/scotlandspages/timeline/1460.html
6. H. Miller, Secrets of the Dead (Macmillan, 2000, pp33-34).
7. Fictionalised interview using factual material from ‘The Medieval Paupers’ by L. H. Nelson, Lectures Medieval History http://www.vlib.us/medieval/lectures/paupers.html
Chapter 10: Law and Order
1. A. H. Thomas [ed.], Calendar of Plea and Memoranda Rolls of the City of London, 1364-81 (Cambridge UP, 1929, p210).
2. Fictionalised interview using factual material from The National Archives [TNA], Hampshire Plea Roll, KB 26/223 (date: 1249).
3. C. Given-Wilson et al., [eds.] The Parliament Rolls of Medieval England, https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/parliament-rolls-medieval
4. B. Holsinger, ‘Sin City: thievery, prostitution and murder in medieval London’ in BBC History Magazine, (February 2014).
5. P. J. P. Goldberg, Women in England c 1275-1525, (Manchester UP, 1995, pp238-39, No.33).
6. P. J. P. Goldberg, Women in England c 1275-1525, (Manchester UP, 1995, p171, No.4).