CHAPTER ONE
1. Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003).
2. Stark, Emily L. “Get a Room: Sexual Device Statutes and the Legal Closeting of Sexual Identity.” George Mason University Civil Rights Law Journal 20, no. 3 (2010): 315–49.
3. The Texas statute said that it is illegal if a person “wholesale promotes or possesses with intent to wholesale promote any obscene material or obscene device.” Texas Penal Code Ann. § 43.23(a).
4. Godfrey, Phoebe. “The Device That Dare Not Speak Its Name: The State, Sexuality and Dildos in Texas, 1973–2008.” Journal of American Studies, in Special Edition on Gender Studies, 26 (2011): 101–17.
5. Ibid.
6. Passion Parties Business Owners’ Product Guide. Passion Parties, Inc., 2003, 4.
7. “Fact Sheet.” Passion Parties. 2005. Accessed August 6, 2017 via Web Archive. https://web.archive.org/web/20050424004526/http://www.passionparties.com:80/pdf/factsheet.pdf
8. Texas Penal Code § 43.23(f).
9. Whitley, Glenna. “Sex Toy Story.” Dallas Observer, April 8, 2004. August 6, 2017. http://www.dallasobserver.com/news/sex-toy-story-6419371.
10. “Texas Woman to Fight Obscenity Law.” UPI NewsTrack, July 19, 2004. August 6, 2017. http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2004/07/19/Texas-woman-to-fight-obscenity-law/34521090250790/.
11. Hollandsworth, Skip. “Good Vibrations.” Texas Monthly, October 2004. August 8, 2017. http://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/good-vibrations.
12. Ibid.
13. “Texas Mom Faces Trial for Selling Sex Toys.” CNN, February 11, 2004. August 6, 2017. http://edition.cnn.com/2004/LAW/02/11/obscenity.trial.reut.
14. Godfrey, “The Device That Dare Not Speak Its Name,” 101–17.
15. Webber v. The State of Texas, No. 03-99-00225-CR (Texas Court of Appeals, 2000).
16. State v. Brenan, 739 So. 2d 368 (Louisiana Court of Appeals, 1999) and State v. Brenan, 772 So. 2d 64 (Supreme Court of Louisiana, 2000).
17. Acosta sued the state because he claimed the anti-sex-toy law was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court refused to hear the case in 2006, so Texas’s law continued to be in force. Olivas, Tammy Fonce. “Judge Says State Can’t Prohibit Sex Toy Sale.” October 2004.
18. Curtis, Nathan. “Unraveling Lawrence’s Concerns About Legislated Morality: The Constitutionality of Laws Criminalizing the Sale of Obscene Devices.” Brigham Young University Law Review no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 1369–98. Also see Reliable Consultants, Inc. v. Earle, 517 F.3d 738 (U.S. Court of Appeals, 5th Circuit, 2008).
19. PHE ZJ LLC v. State, No. 2003-CA-00456-SCT (Supreme Court of Mississippi, 2003). Also see Stark, Emily L. “Get a Room: Sexual Device Statues and the Legal Closeting.” George Mason University Civil Rights Law Journal, 20 (Summer 2010): 315–49 fn. 109.
20. Williams v. Attorney General of Alabama, 378 F.3d 1232, 1237 n.8 (U.S. Court of Appeals, 11th Circuit, 2004).
21. Stark, “Get a Room,” 339.
22. Reliable Consultants, Inc. v. Earle.
23. Marshall, Barbara L. “‘Hard Science’: Gendered Constructions of Sexual Dysfunction in the ‘Viagra Age.’” Sexualities 5, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 131–58, doi:10.1177/1363460702005002001.
24. Passion Parties Business Owners’ Product Guide. Passion Parties, Inc., 2003, 8.
25. Bright, Susie. Susie Bright’s Sexual Reality: A Virtual Sex World Reader. Pittsburgh: Cleis Press, 1992, 34.
26. Business Owner’s Product Guide, 2003, 61.
CHAPTER TWO
27. “Museum of Prehistory Blaubeuren: Ice Age Europe.” Accessed September 15, 2016. http://www.ice-age-europe.eu/visit-us/network-members/museum-of-prehistory-blaubeuren.html.
28. Parke, Joseph Richardson. Human Sexuality. Philadelphia: Professional Publishing Company, 1912, 383.
29. Angulo, Javier C., Marcos García-Díez, and Marc Martínez. “Phallic Decoration in Paleolithic Art: Genital Scarification, Piercing and Tattoos.” The Journal of Urology 186, no. 6 (December 2011): 2498–503, doi:10.1016/j.juro.2011.07.077.
30. “Museum of Prehistory Blaubeuren.”
31. Taylor, Timothy L. The Prehistory of Sex: Four Million Years of Human Sexual Culture. New York: Bantam, 1997, 128.
32. Parke, Human Sexuality, 62.
33. Taylor, Prehistory of Sex, 127–29.
34. Ibid.
35. León, Vicki. The Joy of Sexus: Lust, Love, and Longing in the Ancient World. New York: Bloomsbury, 2013, 167. Also see van Driel, Mels. With the Hand: A Cultural History of Masturbation. London: Reaktion Books, 2012, 62.
36. Keuls, Eva C. The Reign of the Phallus: Sexual Politics in Ancient Athens. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, 82.
37. Nelson, Max. “A Note on the Ὄλισβος.” Glotta 76, no. 1/2 (2000): 75–82. August 6, 2017. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40267098.
38. “Dildo, n.1.” The OED Online. March 2014. Accessed May 26, 2014.
39. Arnott, Stephen. Sex: A User’s Guide. New York: Bantam Dell, 2002, 213.
40. Kimmel, Michael, Christine Milrod, and Amanda Kennedy, eds. Cultural Encyclopedia of the Penis. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2014, 52.
41. Bailey, Sue. “From Dildo to Dead Man’s Pond: The Stories behind Newfoundland Place Names.” The Canadian Press, February 23, 2015.
42. Chrystal, Paul. In Bed with the Ancient Greeks. Stroud, UK: Amberley Publishing Limited, 2016. Also see, Margolis, Jonathan. O: The Intimate History of the Orgasm. New York: Grove Press, 2005, 170.
43. Varone, Antonio. Eroticism in Pompeii. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2001, 97.
44. Keuls, Reign of the Phallus, 84.
45. Terra Cotta Vessel (amphora, red-figure), attributed by Beazley to the Flying-Angel Painter 500–480 BCE, Paris: Mus. du Petit Palais; The Archive for Research on Archetypal Symbolism, No. 307, 3Ja.032b. Accessed through Artstor, 2017.
46. Keuls, Reign of the Phallus, 116–17.
47. Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures: The New JPS Translation According to the Traditional Hebrew Text. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1985.
48. Other Greek dramas featured dildos too. The Greek poet Herodas wrote a plot where a woman lends her leather dildo out to a friend and it ends up in the hands of her enemy. see Skinner, Marilyn. Sexuality in Greek and Roman Culture, 2nd Ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2014, 244–45. See also James, Peter J., Nick Thorpe. Ancient Inventions. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995, 182. See also Henderson, Jeffrey, trans. Aristophanes: Birds; Lysistrata; Women at the Thesmophoria. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000, 289.
49. Liddell, Henry George, and Robert Scott. “A Greek–English Lexicon, Ὄλισβος.” Accessed June 7, 2017. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Do)%2Flisbos.
50. In Ancient Rome, a ritual involved a soon-to-be-married woman penetrating herself with “the divine phallus” to ceremonially lose her virginity before marriage in honor of the phallic god Mutunus Tutunus. See Tabori, Paul. The Humor and Technology of Sex. New York: Julian Press, Inc., 1969, 278.
51. James and Thorpe, Ancient Inventions, 184–85.
52. Doniger, Wendy. “God’s Body, Or, The Lingam Made Flesh: Conflicts over the Representation of the Sexual Body of the Hindu God Shiva.” Social Research; 78, no. 2 (Summer 2011): 485–508; 687.
53. Van Driel, With the Hand, 63.
54. Nashe wasn’t the only one writing about dildos. Around the same time, English poet and playwright John Marston wrote about a woman preferring “‘a glassy instrument’ to ‘her husband’s lukewarm bed.’” See Ellis, Havelock. Studies in the Psychology of Sex. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company, 1910, 169–170.
55. It’s worth noting that the dildo she uses in the poem was sophisticated for its time. It is a hollow-glass dildo meant to be filled with hot water, milk or urine, with the liquid being used to warm up the dildo or simulate ejaculation. The dildo was then usually covered in a soft material like white velvet or silk. Although these types of dildos were imported from Italy into England in the 17th century—after the poem was written—they may have been available earlier. In fact, Italian dildos were an upper-class item, bought by wealthy, aristocratic women and allegedly so popular that “scarce a lady comes from abroad [to England] without being in possession of one or two.” See Stone, Lawrence. The Family, Sex and Marriage in England 1500–1800. ACLS Humanities E-Book, 2013.
56. Johnson, James William. A Profane Wit: The Life of John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2004, 106.
57. Tilmouth, Christopher. Passion’s Triumph over Reason: A History of the Moral Imagination from Spenser to Rochester. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2010, 260.
58. Holland, Jack. A Brief History of Misogyny: The World’s Oldest Prejudice. London: Castle and Robinson, 2006, 154.
59. Of course there are some amazing companies run by women today, but the big companies are male-run.
60. Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, 169–70.
61. Tabori, Humor and Technology of Sex, 325.
62. Clark, Timothy, and C. Andrew Gerstle. Shunga: Sex and Pleasure in Japanese Art. London: British Museum Press, 2013, 28.
63. Ibid., 308–9.
64. Screech, Timon. Sex and the Floating World: Erotic Images in Japan, 1700-1820. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1999, 43.
65. Clark and Gerstle, Shunga, 312.
66. Parke, Human Sexuality, 382.
67. Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, 168.
68. Kelly, Edward. “A New Image for the Naughty Dildo?” The Journal of Popular Culture VII, no. 4 (1974): 804–9, doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1974.0704.
69. Tone, Andrea. Devices & Desires: A History of Contraceptives in America. New York: Hill and Wang, 2002, 14.
70. “Electro-Thermo Dilators: The Guaranteed Drugless Cure.” Electro-Surgical Appliance Co. brochure. Los Angeles, circa 1895. Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (NMAH–Warshaw).
71. Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, 168.
72. “The New Way,” Medical Review 27, no. 19 (May 1893): 396.
73. “Young’s Hard Rubber Rectal Dilators.” Advertisement in The New Way: A Monthly Journal Devoted to the Rational Treatment of Chronic Diseases 1, no. 5 (April 1893): 6.
74. Babcock, Glenn D. History of the United States Rubber Company: A Case Study in Corporate Management. Bloomington, Ind.: Bureau of Business Research, Indiana University, 1966, 12–13.
75. Wolf, Howard, and Ralph Wolf. Rubber. New York: Covici Friede, 313.
76. Sims, J. Marion. “Cases of Vaginismus, With the Method of Treatment.” Chicago Medical Examiner 3 no. 6 (June 1862): 355.
77. Sears Roebuck and Company, Sears Special Catalogue of Surgical Instruments and Physicians’ Supplies, Chicago, Illinois, 1902. (NMAH-Trade Lit).
78. Dennis, Donna. Licentious Gotham: Erotic Publishing and Its Prosecution in Nineteenth-Century New York. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2009.
79. Grand Fancy Bijou Catalog of the Sporting Man’s Emporium. Philadelphia, 1870, 6. American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass. (AAS–Trade).
80. Ibid., 7.
81. Tabori, Humor and Technology of Sex, 295.
82. “TO BE DESTROYED WHEN READ. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL.” Report from the YMCA (New York: January 28, 1874), 2. Ralph Ginzburg Papers, 1848–1964. Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison, Wisc. (WISC–Ginzburg).
83. Ibid., 369.
84. Broun, Heywood, and Margaret Leech. Anthony Comstock: Roundsman of the Lord. New York: A. & C. Boni, 1927, 265–266.
85. Kendrick, Walter. The Secret Museum: Pornography in Modern Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987, 140.
86. LaMay, Craig L. “America’s Censor: Anthony Comstock and Free Speech.” Communications and the Law 19 (1997): 1–59, 14.
87. “An Act for the Suppression of Trade in, and Circulation of, obscene Literature and Articles of immoral Use.” 42nd Congress: Session III, Chapter 258 (1873).
88. Bennett, D. M. Anthony Comstock: His Career of Cruelty and Crime; a Chapter from the Champions of the Church. New York: Liberal and Scientific Publishing House, 1878, 1016.
89. He was also the face of the organization and the national anti-obscenity effort. Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz. Rereading Sex: Battles Over Sexual Knowledge and Suppression in Nineteenth-Century America. New York: Vintage, 2003, 381–84.
90. “TO BE DESTROYED,” 4 (WISC–Ginzburg).
91. For examples, see “Rubber Goods” advertisement in The National Police Gazette, August 26, 1888, 15; “Rubber Goods” advertisement in The National Police Gazette, February 23, 1889, 14.
92. New Life Vibrator featured as “Winner’s Gift Number 10-23” in Youth’s Companion, October 17, 1918, 538. See also “Midget Vibrator” advertisement in Christian Observer, January 27, 1909, 24. Vibrator ads also ran in Chicago Tribune, New York Times, and Los Angeles Times.
93. “N.Y. World notified by Anthony Comstock to discontinue lottery advertisements; also to be notified to exclude massage, electrical and personal advertisements; also French remedies.” NY Commercial Advertiser, circa 1900 (WISC–Ginzburg).
94. I soon realized that I wasn’t the only one who’d discovered this. The prominent British historian of technology Iwan Rhys Morus told The Nation, “I can safely say that I have come across nothing in my researches on late nineteenth-century electricity and the body that lends any support at all to [this] argument.” Another British scholar, Fern Riddell, questions the scholar’s sources in her popular book on Victorian sexuality: “I have also not yet found a single reference to a specific ‘pelvic massage’ in any of the books or pamphlets I have read on the treatment of hysteria in Britain, . . . let alone the later use of vibration in this area.” Riddell insists that Victorians were well-informed about orgasms and masturbation, so physicians could not have practiced genital massage “without the knowledge that it was a sexual act.” see Wypijewski, JoAnn. “Playing Doctor,” The Nation, June 18, 2012. aslo see Riddell, Fern. The Victorian Guide to Sex: Desire and Deviance in the 19th Century. South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Books, 2014.
95. Items housed at Science Museum, Blythe House, London: Hand-cranked vibrator, Chinese or Japanese, late 19th century, no. A116573; Vibrator, air-operated, 19th century, no. A182737; Veedee Vibrator, hand-cranked early 20th century, Germany, no. 1982-1238; Electric Vibrator, France, late 19th early 20th century, no. A602312; Mechanical Eureka Massager, New York, no. A602769, circa 1900–1930.
96. Maines, Rachel P. The Technology of Orgasm: “Hysteria,” the Vibrator, and Women’s Sexual Satisfaction, revised edition. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001, 11; 15; 93–94; 98–99.
97. Granville, Joseph Mortimer. “Therapeutics of the Nervous System: Nerve Vibration in the Treatment of Nervous Diseases.” The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (March 1883): 172.
98. Peterson, Frederick. “Vibratory Therapeutics.” Medical News. (January 1898): 141.
99. Hamilton, Allan McLane. “Vibratory Therapeutics,” Medical News (February 1898): 248.
100. Journal of the American Medical Association to Samuel Hopkins Adams, February 11, 1915. Historical Health Fraud Collection, Box 243, Lindstrom Smith (File), Folder 3, American Medical Association Archives, Chicago (AMA–Health Fraud). The AMA wrote multiple letters to consumers and doctors, warning them of the inefficacy of White Cross and New Life vibrators. Another letter from the same file (September 14, 1916) is to the consumer Mr. F. R. Lawrence, saying the White Cross vibrator book Health and Beauty is “false and misleading.” A letter from the Hamilton Beach file contains similar criticisms. See JAMA to Dr. J. M. Donelan, December 16, 1912. File Hamilton Beach, Box 231, Folder 3 (AMA–Health Fraud).
101. Vibratile Advertisement. McClure’s. April 1899, 158.
102. Arnold Vibrator ads began running in the New York Times on May 26, 1908; Eureka Vibrator ads on October 4, 1909; and Swedish Massage Vibrator ads on March 17, 1909. Hygeia Vibratory Co. began running ads in the Chicago Tribune on November 16, 1902, and Lindstrom Smith’s White Cross Vibrator ads began running in Health magazine on December 1907 and in the Chicago Tribune on November 4, 1908.
103. Star Vibrator advertisement. McClure’s. December 1918, 29.
104. Laqueur, Thomas W. Solitary Sex: A Cultural History of Masturbation, revised edition. New York: Zone Books, 2004, 66–74.
105. Hygeia Vibrator Ad. Suggestion 10, no 6. (June 1, 1903): 284.
106. Lowry, E. B., and R. J. Lambert. Himself: Talks With Men Concerning Themselves. Chicago: Forbes Company, 1912, 67–68.
107. Dickinson, Robert Latou, and Lura Beam. A Thousand Marriages: A Medical Study of Sex Adjustment. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1931, 421.
108. [Masturbation Female Photographs] 1920-1934. Photo no. 50466; 1920–1934 50466, 50467, 50468, 50469, 50470,-50471, 50472. Kinsey Institute Special Collections, Bloomington, Ind. (Kinsey).
109. “Snow White Makes Bashful Grow Bold!! And He Loves It.” Circa 1930s–1940s. Eight-pager no. 6808 (Kinsey).
110. Hank O’Hare Presents Tillie VI. Circa 1930s–1940s. Eightpager no. 7456 c.1 (Kinsey).
111. Novelties. Detroit: Johnson Smith & Co., 1941, 519. Smithsonian National Museum of American History Trade Literature Collection, Washington, D.C. (NMAH–Trade Lit).
112. “Oster Vibrator.” Tyco Shop By Mail Catalog. Dobbs Ferry, NY, 1953, 50 (NMAH–Trade Lit).
113. “Kenmore Vibrator.” Sears Christmas Book. 1956, 372 (NMAH–Trade Lit).
114. Jones, James H. Alfred C. Kinsey: A Life. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2004, 689.
115. Rosen, Ruth. The World Split Open: How the Modern Women’s Movement Changed America. New York: Penguin Books, 2000, 4–36.
116. “Investigate—Before You Invest!!!!” Roanoke Better Business Bureau Newsletter. January 15, 1959. “Mechanical Devices Special Data 1958–1962” (AMA–Health Fraud).
117. Yet you could send vibrators if they weren’t sold as sex toys.
CHAPTER THREE
118. “Democratic Convention Opens with Carnival Atmosphere.” Redlands Daily Facts. July 11, 1960, 9.
119. LaFeber, Walter, Richard Polenberg, and Nancy Woloch. The American Century: A History of the United States Since 1941: Volume 2. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1988, 402–3.
120. Author interview with Marche’s son (October 4, 2016).
121. Ibid.
122. “Ending Southwest Tour: Stars Spend Night in Flag.” Arizona Daily Sun. June 4, 1958, 1.
123. Winchell, Walter. “It Takes All Kinds to Make World.” Humboldt Standard. June 24, 1964, C-2.
124. “Our Get Acquainted Christmas Party.” The Davis Plan Advertisement, The Press-Courier (Oxnard, Ca.). Dec. 3, 1959. See also “See Ted Marche and His Talking Pig at Market Basket in San Bernardino.” The San Bernardino County Sun. July 9, 1959, C-9. See also “Ventriloquist Set.” Valley News (Van Nuys, Ca.). March 6, 1965, 19.
125. Beltair, Mark. “The Town Crier: Remember the Yanks.” Detroit Free Press. May 29, 1965, B14.
126. Letter to Charles S. Nelson from Oliver Field. August 27, 1963. Box 242, Folder 7 (AMA–Health Fraud).
127. As in the 1940s and 1950s, during the 1960s and 1970s, companies could send vibrators if they were disguised as massage devices.
128. Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965).
129. Boyer, Paul. Purity in Print. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002, 40–42.
130. As quoted in Ibid., 276.
131. Ginzburg received over more than thirty-five thousand complaints. See Special Report: U.S. Mail. Fiscal Year 1963. Post Office Department, 24. Ralph Ginzburg Papers, Unprocessed Collection, 1961–1988, Eros Box 1 (WISC–Ginzburg).
132. Ibid.
133. Author interview with Marche’s son (October 4, 2016). See also Heidenry, John. What Wild Ecstasy. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002, 75–76. (Note: Marche’s son said that some of the information about his father’s company in this book is incorrect.)
134. Ibid. See also Mano, D. Keith. “Tom Swift Is Alive and Well and Making Dildos.” Playboy, March 1978, 122.
135. LaFeber, Polenberg, and Woloch, The American Century, 412–13.
136. Sewell v. Georgia, 435 U.S. 982, 983 (1978).
137. Author interview with Marche’s son (October 4, 2016).
138. Commission on Obscenity and Pornography. The Report of the Commission on Obscenity and Pornography. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970, 101; 129.
139. Author interview with Marche’s son (October 4, 2016).
140. Ibid.
141. Friedan, Betty. The Feminine Mystique. New York: W. W. Norton, 1963.
142. Rosen, The World Split Open, 4–6.
143. Dodson, Betty. Sex for One: The Joy of Selfloving. New York: Harmony, 1996, 14.
144. Mallants, Charita, and Kristina Casteels. “Practical Approach to Childhood Masturbation: A Review.” European Journal of Pediatrics 167, no. 10 (October 2008): 1111–17, doi:10.1007/s00431-008-0766-2. About 44 percent of girls ages two to five masturbate.
145. Dodson, Betty. Liberating Masturbation: A Meditation on Self Love. New York. Bodysex Designs, 1974, 1.
146. Dodson letter to Jacqui. Box 3, Folder 66, Dell Williams Papers, 1922–2008, Cornell Human Sexuality Collection, Ithaca, NY (Cornell–Williams).
147. Ibid.
148. Dodson, Betty. My Romantic Love Wars. New York: Betty Dodson, 2010, 28–38.
149. Side note: Kinsey did observe people having sex, but he denied it and didn’t use the data for his research.
150. Maier, Thomas. Masters of Sex: The Life and Times of William Masters and Virginia Johnson, the Couple Who Taught America How to Love. New York: Basic Books, 2009, 98–101; 162; 242.
151. “Best Seller List.” New York Times, July 31, 1966, 203; “Best Seller List.” New York Times, December 11, 1966, 372.
152. Mailer, Norman, and Pete Hamill. Prisoner of Sex. New York: Plume, 1985, 73; 80.
153. Ibid., 88.
154. Author interview with Marche’s son (October 4, 2016).
155. Ibid. See also Mano, “Tom Swift”; Heidenry, What Wild Ecstasy, 75–77.
156. Guide to the American Medical Association Historical Health Fraud and Alternative Medicine Collection. American Medical Association, 1992, vii.
157. Letter from Frank E. Wilson to Oliver Field, Director of Research at AMA, September 11, 1967 (AMA–Health Fraud).
158. Letter from Frank E. Wilson to Oliver Field, Director of Research at AMA, August 18, 1967 (AMA–Health Fraud).
159. As quoted in Downs, Donald. The New Politics of Pornography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989, 15–16.
160. Ibid., 16.
161. Geltzer, Jeremy. Dirty Words and Filthy Pictures: Film and the First Amendment. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015, 247.
162. Weller, Sheila. “Inside Betty Dodson.” Forum, February 1976.
163. Dodson, Liberating Masturbation, 24.
164. Dodson, My Romantic Love Wars, 42.
165. Dodson, Liberating Masturbation, 8.
166. Ibid.
167. Ibid.
168. Weller, “Inside Betty Dodson.”
169. Dodson, Betty. “Having Sex with Machines: The Return of the Electric Vibrator.” Dodson and Ross, June 8, 2010. Accessed May 5, 2014. http://dodsonandross.com/blogs/betty-dodson/2010/06/having-sex-machines-return-electric-vibrator
170. Judson, Olivia. Dr. Tatiana’s Sex Advice to All Creation. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2002, 88. See also Cornog, Martha. The Big Book of Masturbation from Angst to Zeal. San Francisco: Down There Press, 2003, 101.
171. Hughes, Thomas. American Genesis: A Century of Invention and Technological Enthusiasm. New York: Viking, 1989, 447.
172. Ibid.
173. Dodson, “Having Sex with Machines.”
174. Ibid.
175. Dodson, Sex for One, 30.
176. Ibid., 85.
177. Dodson, My Romantic Love Wars, 84.
178. Dodson, Sex for One, 32.
179. Ibid., 32.
180. Ibid., 187.
181. Ibid., 32.
182. Author interview with Farley Malorrus (October 4, 2016).
183. Gamson, Joshua. “Rubber Wars: Struggles over the Condom in the United States.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 1, no. 2 (1990): 262–82.
184. Farley Malorrus said this to me in an interview, but I haven’t been able to confirm it elsewhere.
185. Author interview with Farley Malorrus (October 4, 2016).
CHAPTER FOUR
186. Mano, “Tom Swift.”
187. Moya, Cynthia Ann. “Artificial Vaginas and Sex Dolls: An Erotological Investigation.” Ph.D. diss., Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality, 2006, 80–81.
188. Mano, “Tom Swift.”
189. Brochure for Premier Vaginal Prosthesis, 2. Box 786, Folder 4 (AMA–Health Fraud).
190. Author interview with Farley Malorrus (October 4, 2016).
191. Letter from Dr. Kenneth D. Campbell to Mr. Oliver Field, February 14, 1967. Box 786, Folder 4 (AMA–Health Fraud).
192. Author interview with Marche’s son (October 4, 2016).
193. In my research, I’ve found no evidence of other companies producing such things.
194. Ellis, Albert. Sex without Guilt. New York: Lyle-Stewart, 1966, 29–30. This chapter was a revised edition of a 1956 article he wrote for The Independent.
195. Frederick, Max. Book of Amorous Stimulants and Prosthetic Devices. Catalog, 1972 (Kinsey).
196. “The Great Playboy Sex Aids Road Test.” Playboy. March 1978,137; 208.
197. Mano, “Tom Swift.” Also, author interview with Marche’s son (October 4, 2016).
198. Sandroni, Paola. “Aphrodisiacs Past and Present: A Historical Review.” Clinical Autonomic Research 11, no. 5 (2001): 303–7, doi:10.1007/BF02332975.
199. Author interview with Dr. Michael D. Lieberman, practicing physician in Alexandria, Virginia (1970s–2014) and President of Medical Staff of Mount Vernon Hospital (1993–95) (October 10, 2016).
200. Geltzer, Dirty Words and Filthy Pictures.
201. Sandroni, “Aphrodisiacs Past and Present,” 306.
202. Ben Wa Novelty Catalog. Circa 1970s, 18. Gosnell Duncan Papers, Author’s Personal Collection (Duncan).
203. Mano, “Tom Swift.”
204. Whelan, Edward P. “Reuben Sturman and His Amazing Porno Empire!” Plain Dealer, May 1976. See also Hatton, Katherine L. “Porn King Tells His Side of the Story.” Plain Dealer, July 30, 1978, 1.
205. Kraig, Gene. The Sentence: A Family’s Prison Memoir. New York: Greenpoint Press, 2006.
206. Hatton, “Porn King,” 1.
207. Author interview with David Sturman (December 7, 2016).
208. Stricharchuk, Gregory. “Selling Skin: ‘Porn King’ Expands His Empire with Aid of Businessman’s Skills.” Wall Street Journal, May 8, 1985, 2.
209. Schlosser, Eric. Reefer Madness: Sex, Drugs, and Cheap Labor in the American Black Market. Boston: Mariner Books, 2004, 118.
210. Hatton, “Porn King,” 1.
211. Schlosser, Reefer Madness, 118.
212. Attorney General’s Commission on Pornography: Final Report. U.S. Department of Justice, 1986, vol. 2, 1066; 1180.
213. Whelan, “Reuben Sturman,” 49.
214. Schlosser, Reefer Madness, 124–25; 130.
215. Heidenry, What Wild Ecstasy, 73.
216. Whelan, “Reuben Sturman,” 52.
217. Stricharchuk, “Selling Skin,” 1.
218. Heidenry, What Wild Ecstasy, 47.
219. Ibid., 55.
220. New York, November 4, 1968, 15.
221. Dodson, Liberating Masturbation, 13.
222. Dodson, My Romantic Love Wars, 105.
223. Koedt, Anne. “The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm.” Radical Feminism, eds. Anne Koedt, Ellen Levine, and Anita Rapone. New York: Quadrangle Books, 1973, 198–207.
224. Shulman, Alix Kates. “Organs and Orgasms.” Women in a Sexist Society, eds. V. Gornick and B. Moran. New York: Signet, 1971.
225. Women and Their Bodies: A Course. Boston Women’s Health Collective, 1970, 22–23; 26.
226. Dodson, My Romantic Love Wars, 110–12; 166–67.
227. Mary Phillips, “The Fine Art of Lovemaking: An Interview with Betty Dodson,” Evergreen Review 87 (February 1971). See also Dodson, My Romantic Love Wars, 110–12; 166–67.
CHAPTER FIVE
228. Dodson, My Romantic Love Wars, 84.
229. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 9, 2015); Williams, Dell, and Lynn Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden. San Francisco: Silverback Books, 2005, 131.
230. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 9, 2015).
231. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 132.
232. Ibid., 20.
233. Ibid.
234. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 9, 2015).
235. Freeman, Susan K. Sex Goes to School: Girls and Sex Education before the 1960s. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2008, 45.
236. Calculation made using www.measuringworth.com.
237. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 49–54; 60–62; 66–74.
238. Ibid., 80–86.
239. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 9, 2015).
240. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 103–6.
241. “The 35th Academy Awards.” Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, 1963. Accessed June 6, 2017. https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1963.
242. Fox, Stephen. The Mirror Makers: A History of American Advertising and Its Creators. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1997, 293–94.
243. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 108–13; 129–33.
244. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 9, 2015).
245. Bronstein, Carolyn. Battling Pornography: The American Feminist Anti-Pornography Movement, 1976–1986. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011, 40–41.
246. Ibid., 43.
247. Hanisch, Carol. “The Personal Is Political.” Notes from the Second Year: Major Writings of Radical Feminists 1, no. 1 (1970): 76–78.
248. Murphy, Michelle. “Immodest Witnessing: The Epistemology of Vaginal Self-Examination in the S. Feminist Self-Help Movement.” Feminist Studies 30, no. 1 (2004) 115–147.
249. Dodson, Sex for One, 45.
250. Ibid., 49.
251. Friedan, Betty. It Changed My Life. New York: Laurel, 1991, 86.
252. Echols, Alice. Daring to Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America 1967-1975. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989, 82; 145–46.
253. Ibid., 149, 163.
254. Gerhard, Jane. Desiring Revolution: Second-Wave Feminism and the Rewriting of American Sexual Thought, 1920 to 1982. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001, 111–12.
255. Dodson, Sex for One, 49.
256. Snitow, Ann, Christine Stansell, and Sharon Thompson. Powers of Desire. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1983, 27.
257. Echols, Daring to Be Bad, 149.
258. Dodson, My Romantic Love Wars, 98.
259. Dodson, Sex for One, 50.
CHAPTER SIX
260. Author interview with Gosnell Duncan (August 2, 2013).
261. Author interview with Lurline Martineau, Gosnell Duncan’s niece (January 10, 2015).
262. Ibid.
263. Jokobsen, May Kristin, trans. “A Cellarfull of Dildoes: Olav Andre Manum Visits Dildo Makers Scorpio Novelty Products.” Hverdag Products (August 6, 1990): 2.
264. Rabin, Barry J. Sensuous Wheeler: Sexual Adjustment for the Spinal Cord Injured. San Francisco: Barry Rabin, 1980, v.
265. Author interview with Lurline Martineau (January 10, 2015).
266. Fleischer, Doris, and Frieda Zames. The Disability Rights Movement: From Charity to Confrontation. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2012, 36–43.
267. Gregory, Martha Ferguson. Sexual Adjustment: A Guide for the Spinal Cord Injured. Bloomington, IL: Accent on Living, 1974, 1–2.
268. Author interview with Gosnell Duncan (August 2, 2013).
269. Ibid.
270. It is possible that a company may have sold silicone dildos earlier than Duncan because a catalog in Gosnell Duncan’s papers from the Pen-Vibe company (Malorrus’s spin-off company) shows two silicone rubber dildos. The catalog has no date on it, although Duncan has written “1970” in pencil on the front page. See Pen-Vibe Catalog, circa 1970, 2 (Duncan).
271. Author interview with Lurline Martineau (January 10, 2015).
272. Meikle, Jeffrey. American Plastic: A Cultural History. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997, 83–85.
273. Author interview with Gosnell Duncan (August 2, 2013).
274. Meikle, American Plastic, 83–85.
275. Author interview with Gosnell Duncan (August 2, 2013).
276. Jokobsen, “A Cellarfull of Dildoes,” 4.
277. Author interview with Gosnell Duncan (August 2, 2013).
278. Letter to The Squeaky Wheel June 1973, reprinted in Proceeding of the Workshop Continuing Education in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries. Chicago: National Paraplegia Foundation, 1973, 3.
279. Tarabulcy, Edward, M.D. “Sexual Function in the Normal and in Paraplegia.” Paraplegia (1972) vol. 10, no. 3, 10; 201–208.
280. Task Force on Concerns of Physically Disabled Women. “Toward Intimacy: Family Planning and Sexuality Concerns of Physically Disabled Women.” Planned Parenthood of Snohomish County, Inc., 1977, 48–49.
281. Therapeutic Sex Aids Brochure. Paramount Therapeutic Products early 1970s (Duncan).
282. Letter from W. H. Verduyn, M. D., to Gosnell Duncan, April 19, 1983; Letter from Gosnell Duncan to W. H. Verduyn, M.D., April 26, 1983 (Duncan).
283. Letter from Gosnell Duncan to Ms. Joynce Leffler, May 11, 1979 (Duncan); Letter from Gosnell Duncan to Dr. Matthew Lee, Jan 4, 1978 (Duncan). See also Fleischer and Zames. The Disability Rights Movement: From Charity to Confrontation, 22.
284. Letter from Mary Romano to Gosnell Duncan, March 18, 1975 (Duncan).
285. Letter from A. S. Crouse at General Electric, Silicone Products Department, to Gosnell Duncan, October 24, 1975 (Duncan).
286. Rusk, Howard A., M.D, moderator. “Roundtable: Sex Problems in Paraplegia.” Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality. December 1967, 48.
287. Therapeutic Sex Aids Brochure. Paramount Therapeutic Products, early 1970s (Duncan).
288. The Report of the Commission on Obscenity and Pornography (1970), 105 (Duncan).
289. Letter from customer to Gosnell Duncan, May 14, 1976 (Duncan).
290. Shapiro, Martin. “Obscenity Law: A Public Policy Analysis.” 20.2 Journal of Public Law. 503, 522 (1971), 516–17.
291. Post Office Department Prohibitory Order No. 14762 to Gosnell Duncan, January 23, 1970 (Duncan).
292. The Report of the Commission on Obscenity and Pornography (1970), 18.
293. These studies were limited, but they are some of the only market research available.
294. The Report of the Commission on Obscenity and Pornography (1970), 51.
295. Ibid., 53.
296. Geltzer, Dirty Words and Filthy Pictures, 255.
297. Schlosser, Reefer Madness, 135.
298. Letter from a female customer to Gosnell Duncan, February 4, 1983; Letter from a male customer to Gosnell Duncan, June 19, 1984 (Duncan).
299. Letter from a male customer to Gosnell Duncan, June 8, 1984 (Duncan).
300. Letter from a female customer to Gosnell Duncan, February 17, 1980 (Duncan).
301. Letter from a female customer to Gosnell Duncan, February 20, 1980 (Duncan).
302. Gosnell Duncan interview with customer n.d. (Duncan).
303. Letter from a customer to Gosnell Duncan, February 17, 1980 (Duncan).
304. Letter from a customer to Gosnell Duncan, May 27, 1975 (Duncan).
305. Letter from a customer to Gosnell Duncan, late 1970s or early 1980s (Duncan).
306. Letter from a customer to Gosnell Duncan, November 14, 1978 (Duncan).
307. Letter from Chuck to Gosnell Duncan, February 24, 1980 (Duncan).
308. Bright, Susie Bright’s Sexual Reality, 31.
CHAPTER SEVEN
309. Picture of Colglazier, late 1970s. Pleasure Chest Store Corporate Archives, Los Angeles (Pleasure Chest).
310. Author interview with Brian Robinson (March 23, 2016).
311. Mano, “Tom Swift,” 228.
312. Pleasure Chest Catalog. Pleasure Chest, circa 1978 (Pleasure Chest).
313. Mano, “Tom Swift,” 228.
314. Numbers, Ronald. “Sex, Science and Salvation: The Sexual Advice of Ellen G. White and John Harvey Kellogg.” Right Living: An Anglo-American Tradition of Self-Help Medicine and Hygiene. Charles E. Rosenberg, ed. 206–25. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
315. Author interview with Brian Robinson (March 23, 2016).
316. Ibid. See also “Duane Lee Colglazier (1944–1988). Find a Grave. Accessed June 8, 2017. https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=128609617.
317. Long, Kat. The Forbidden Apple: A Century of Sex & Sin in New York City. Brooklyn: Ig Publishing, 2009, 147.
318. D’Emilio, John, and Estelle B. Freedman. Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America. New York: Harper and Row, 1988, 321.
319. Klemesrud, Judy. “Sex Boutique: ‘Middle Ground Between Drugstore Approach and Smut Shop.’” New York Times, January 13, 1972. August 6, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/1972/01/13/archives/sex-boutique-middle-ground-between-drugstore-approach-and-smut-shop.html.
320. Pleasure Chest Catalog. Pleasure Chest, circa 1971 (Pleasure Chest).
321. Pornography in New York. Documentary film. USA, 1972. (The section described begins at 37:05 in the movie).
322. Klemesrud, “Sex Boutique,” 36.
323. Author interview with Chad Braverman (July 6, 2016).
324. Gardetta, Dave. “Doctor’s Orders.” Los Angeles Magazine, July 1, 2012. August 6, 2017. http://www.lamag.com/longform/doctors-orders/.
325. Author interview with Chad Braverman (July 6, 2016).
326. Author interview with Ron Braverman (December 27, 2016).
327. Mahoney, E. R. Human Sexuality. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983, 475.
328. Author interview with Farley Malorrus (October 4, 2016).
329. Levy, David. Love and Sex with Robots: The Evolution of Human-Robot Relationships. New York: Harper Perennial, 2008, 236–37.
330. Ibid., 237.
331. Ibid., 247.
332. It’s unclear if this was the same doll as the one Orient Industries made.
333. “Auto-Girl” Advertisement (Page C). Los Angeles Free Press, April 20, 1973.
334. “Love and the Living Doll.” Love, American Style: Season 1. ABC. October 6, 1969. Accessed June 8, 2017. http://www.tv.com/shows/love-american-style/love-and-the-living-doll-166362/.
335. I was unable to find statistics on sex-doll ownership.
336. Author interview with Farley Malorrus (October 4, 2016).
337. “Bosko, the Auto-Girl Company” Advertisement (Page C). Los Angeles Free Press, August 24, 1973. Other dolls with artificial vaginas were available two years earlier, however.
338. “Auto-Girl” Advertisement. Berkeley Barb, May 4–10, 1973, 38; and “Auto-Sex” Advertisement. Los Angeles Free Press, April 6–16, 1973, C. Malorrus ran more than sixty ads in these publications between 1972 and 1973.
339. Author interview with Farley Malorrus (October 4, 2016).
340. The earliest Pleasure Chest catalog I’ve found with his blow-up dolls is from 1978, but some of the other old catalogs between 1971 and 1978 have been impossible to obtain, so it could be earlier.
341. “No Place to Go but Up.” Time, April 19, 1971.
342. Latimer, Dean. “The Chastening of the Blade.” The East Village Other, March 30, 1971, 11.
343. Klemesrud, “Sex Boutique.”
344. Long, The Forbidden Apple, 168.
345. D’Emilio and Freedman, Intimate Matters, 300.
346. Independent Voices search of underground publications (1968–72): sixty-four mentions of “marital aids” versus twenty-four of “sex toys.”
347. Mano, “Tom Swift,” 228.
348. Author interview with Ted Marche’s son (September 30, 2016).
349. Mano, “Tom Swift,” 228.
350. Mahoney, Human Sexuality, 475.
351. Author interview with Farley Malorrus (October 4, 2016).
352. Ibid.
353. The Pleasure Chest Compendium of Amorous & Prurient Erotica, Paraphernalia, et. al. or Do Unto Others As You Would Have Others Do Unto You. New York City: Pleasure Chest Ltd., early 1970s, 45 (Pleasure Chest).
354. The Pleasure Chest Compendium, 45 (Pleasure Chest).
355. Klemesrud, “Sex Boutique,” 36.
356. “Pleasure Chest” Advertisement. Echo of Sappho, August/September 1972, 12.
357. Big Mama Rag, November/December 1977, 1.
358. “Listen.” Los Angeles Times, January 18, 1980, H1.
359. Rubin, Gayle. “Samois.” Leather Times, Spring 2004, 4.
360. Pornography in New York. Documentary film. USA, 1972.
361. The Pleasure Chest Compendium, 7 (Pleasure Chest).
CHAPTER EIGHT
362. Author interview with Betty Dodson (January 15, 2014).
363. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 9, 2015). See also Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 140.
364. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 9, 2015).
365. Ibid.
366. Williams, Dell. Writings about 1973 workshops with Betty Dodson, for “Sexually Speaking” article series. Sappho’s Isle, Box 3, Folder 64, 1 (Cornell–Williams).
367. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 9, 2015).
368. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden,” 141.
369. Dodson, My Romantic Love Wars, 174.
370. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 142.
371. Dell Williams Papers, Box 3, Folder 64, 2 (Cornell–Williams).
372. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 143.
373. Ibid., 143.
374. Dell Williams Papers, Box 3, Folder 64, 4 (Cornell–Williams).
375. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 144.
376. Dell Williams Papers, Box 3, Folder 64, 4 (Cornell–Williams).
377. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 144–45.
378. The Report of the Commission on Obscenity and Pornography (1970), 101; 129.
379. “January Sale of Drugs, Toilet, and Manicure Goods” Advertisement. Macy’s Department Store. New York Times, January 26, 1910, 7.
380. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 146–8.
381. Dodson, Liberating Masturbation, 10. See also Williams, Writings about 1973 workshops with Betty Dodson, Sappho’s Isle, Box 3, Folder 64, 1 (Cornell–Williams).
382. Dodson, My Romantic Love Wars, 177.
383. Women’s Sexuality Conference Proceedings. New York: National Organization of Women New York Chapter, 1974, 8–10.
384. Miller, Lindsay. “Women Confer on Sex.” New York Post, June 11, 1973. See also Johnston, Laurie. “Women’s Sexuality Conference Ends in School Here: Older Women Attend.” New York Times, June 11, 1973.
385. Johnston, “Women’s Sexuality Conference.”
386. Williams, Dell. “To Explore, Define, and Celebrate Our Sexuality.” Women’s Sexuality Conference Proceedings. New York: National Organization of Women New York Chapter, 1974, 6.
387. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 9, 2015).
388. Dodson, My Romantic Love Wars, 181.
389. Dodson, Betty. Women’s Sexuality Conference Proceedings. New York: National Organization of Women New York Chapter, 1974, 10.
390. “Betty’s Talk—NOW’s Sexuality Conference in 1973.” Posted January 18, 2012. YouTube video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6oAGPA8MSs.
391. Rovner, Ruth. “Women’s Sexuality Conference: A Vibrator Connoisseur.” Los Angeles Free Press, July 20, 1973, 13–14. Reprinted in Women’s Sexuality Conference Proceedings. New York: National Organization of Women New York Chapter, 1974, 55–56.
392. “Panasonic” Advertisement. New York Times, May 4, 1972.
393. “Panabrator” Advertisement (Embedded in Abercrombie and Fitch Advertisement). New York Times, November 25, 1972.
394. “Speakout to the NOW Sexuality Conference.” June 1973. Box 7, tr. 8025a. (Cornell–Williams).
395. Rovner, “Women’s Sexuality Conference,” 13.
396. Comfort, Alex, ed. The Joy of Sex: A Gourmet Guide to Love Making. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1972, 176; 220; 239.
397. “Speakout to the NOW Sexuality Conference.” Box 8, tr. 8025a.
398. Dodson, My Romantic Love Wars, 180–82.
399. Greer, Germaine. The Female Eunuch. New York: Paladin, 1970.
400. Bronstein, Battling Pornography, 2.
401. Dodson, My Romantic Love Wars, 182.
402. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 9, 2015).
403. Dodson, My Romantic Love Wars, 217.
404. Ibid.
405. Dodson, Betty. “Getting to Know Me.” Ms. (August 1974). Reprinted in Escoffier, Jeffrey, ed. Sexual Revolution. New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2003.
406. Dodson, My Romantic Love Wars, 219.
407. Ibid., 221.
408. Mahoney, Human Sexuality, 166.
409. As far as I know.
410. Dodson, Liberating Masturbation, 2.
411. Ibid., 12.
412. Rosen, The World Split Open, 149.
413. A positive review in Big Mama Rag (vol. 4, no. 2, February 1976, 11) supports Dodson’s project to make masturbation the center of sexual knowledge but warns that “without a political analysis of the pleasure of orgasm, it may be used to placate women in their relationships with men, discouraging their consciousness of the political reality of these relationships.”
414. Gerhard, Desiring Revolution, 7.
415. “Liberating Masturbation,” in “Worth Noting.” The Spokeswoman 5 (March 15, 1975): 9.
416. Hruby, Kathy. “Sexual Self-Help.” Amazon Quarterly 3, no. 2 (March 1975): 61. Other lesbian journals recommended the book. In an article about masturbation in Lesbian Connection (vol. 2, no. 3, July 1976, 2), Dodson’s theories are espoused and her book is recommended.
417. Dodson, Liberating Masturbation, 48.
418. Ibid,, 28.
419. Ibid., 1.
420. Ibid., 51.
421. Williams, Dell. “The Roots of the Garden.” Journal of Sex Research 27, no. 3 (August 1990): 461–66.
422. Author interview with Betty Dodson (January 15, 2014).
423. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 160–61.
CHAPTER NINE
424. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 10, 2015). Quote is Williams’s summation of Reich’s argument.
425. Williams, Dell. Writings about Betty Dodson. Box 3, Folder 64 (Cornell–Williams).
426. Eve’s Garden Media Kit. Box 6, Folder 69 (Cornell–Williams).
427. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 10, 2015). Quote is Williams’s summation of Reich’s argument.
428. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 10, 2015).
429. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 16.
430. Ibid., 18.
431. Ibid.
432. Ibid., 180.
433. Bronstein, Battling Pornography, 148.
434. Borstelmann, Thomas. The 1970s: A New Global History from Civil Rights to Economic Inequality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011, 164.
435. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 10, 2015).
436. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 179.
437. Customer letter, August 5, 1983. Customer Correspondence. Box 5, Folder 1 (Cornell–Williams).
438. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 9, 2015); Customer letter to Dell Williams, January 7, 1977; “The Eve’s Garden Guide to More Fun and Pleasure,” Box 3, Folder 144; “Saying Hello to Your Vibrator,” Box 3, Folder 4. (Cornell–Williams).
439. Glasscock, Jessica. Striptease: From Gaslight to Spotlight. New York: Harry Abrams, 2003, 161.
440. In fact, strip clubs already had a rich history in New York in the 1970s, as they had made the city their home since the 1920s. See Glasscock, Striptease, 11–12.
441. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 9, 2015).
442. Jacqui Ceballos interview with Dell Williams. Transcript, Box 1, Folder 14, 33 (Cornell–Williams).
443. Customer correspondence to Eve’s Garden, November 6, 1975. Box 5, Folder 2 (Cornell– Williams).
444. Letter from Williams to a customer, November 1, 1975. Box 5, Folder 2 (Cornell–Williams).
445. Customer correspondence to Eve’s Garden, March 1984. Box 4, Folder 2 (Cornell–Williams).
446. Gosier, Diane, L. N. Gardel, and Alice Aldrich. “NOW or Never.” Off Our Backs, December 31, 1974.
447. Califia, Pat. “In Response to Dorchen Leidholdt’s ‘Lesbian S/M: Radicalism or Reaction.’” New Women’s Times 8, no. 9 (October 1982): 15. See also Letter to editor signed Berkeley, Ca. Lesbian Connection, 6 (July 1975): 24.
448. Rubin, Gayle. “Thinking Sex.” Pleasure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality. Boston: Routledge, 1984, 267–319.
449. Echols, Daring to Be Bad. 52; 68. For example, New York Radical Women promoted a “one-dress” uniform for members of their organization that would demonstrate their members were not consumers beholden to the fashion industry.
450. Rosen, The World Split Open, 204.
451. Frank, Thomas. The Conquest of Cool. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997, 155–56.
452. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 9, 2015).
453. Customer correspondence to Eve’s Garden, February 7, 1985. Box 5, Folder 3 (Cornell–Williams).
454. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 18.
455. Author interview with Betty Dodson (January 15, 2014).
456. “Dell’s account of store inception and expansion and struggle” of Eve’s Garden, 1982. Box 3, Folder 2 (Cornell–Williams).
457. Letter from Dell Williams to Ms. Eddie Greenberg, January 13, 1976. Business correspondence, 1970s. Box 3, Folder 142 (Cornell–Williams).
458. “Eve’s Garden” Advertisement. Big Mama Rag: A Feminist News Journal, vol. 4, no. 3 (March 1976): 10; Big Mama Rag, 4, no. 12 (December 1976): 9; Big Mama Rag 5, no. 1 (January–February 1977): 7; Chrysalis 2 (1977): 142; Lesbian Tide 6, no. 5 (March–April 1977): 22.
459. “Eve’s Garden” Advertisement. New Women’s Times, vol. 2, no. 11 (December 1976–January 1977): 15.
460. Customer correspondence to Eve’s Garden, April 1975. Box 5, Folder 1 (Cornell–Williams).
461. Customer correspondence to Eve’s Garden, October 4, 1975. Box 5, Folder 6 (Cornell–Williams).
462. Barbach, Lonnie Garfield. For Yourself: The Fulfillment of Female Sexuality. Revised and updated edition. New York: Anchor, 1976, 119.
463. Safran, Claire. “Plain Talk About the New Approach to Sexual Pleasure.” Redbook, March 1976.
464. Heiman, Julia R., Leslie Lopiccolo, and Joseph Lopiccolo. Becoming Orgasmic: A Sexual Growth Program for Women. First edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1976, 105; 431–32.
465. Author interview with Phil Harvey (February 3, 2017).
466. Cheshes, Jay. “Hard-Core Philanthropist.” Mother Jones. Accessed January 23, 2017. http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2002/09/hard-core-philanthropist-phil-harvey.
467. Harvey, Philip D. The Government vs. Erotica: The Siege of Adam & Eve. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2001, 41–42.
468. Ibid., 42.
469. Author interview with Phil Harvey (February 3, 2017).
470. Harvey, The Government vs. Erotica, 43.
471. “Our History.” Marie Stopes International. Accessed February 5, 2017. https://mariestopes.org/about-us/our-history/.
472. Harvey, The Government vs. Erotica, 4; 43–44.
473. Author interview with Phil Harvey (February 3, 2017).
474. Harvey, The Government vs. Erotica, 107.
475. Author interview with Phil Harvey (February 3, 2017).
476. Harvey, The Government vs. Erotica, 45.
477. “Adam and Eve. Deluxe Vibrator Massager” Advertisement. Playgirl, August 1975.
478. Author interview with Phil Harvey (February 3, 2017).
479. Harvey, The Government vs. Erotica, 44.
480. McLaren, Angus. Twentieth-Century Sexuality: A History. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, 1999, 18.
481. “Our History.” Marie Stopes International.
482. Whelan, “Reuben Sturman,” 48.
483. Gardette, Dave. “Doctor’s Orders.” Los Angeles Magazine, July 1, 2012. http://www.lamag.com/longform/doctors-orders/.
484. Whelan, “Reuben Sturman,” 48.
485. Author interview with David Sturman (December 7, 2016).
486. Whelan, Edward P. “The Prince of Porn.” Cleveland Magazine, August 1985.
487. Heidenry, What Wild Ecstasy, 200.
488. Whelan, “Reuben Sturman,” 51.
489. Attorney General’s Commission on Pornography: Final Report (1986), vol. 2, 1108–10.
490. Whelan, “Reuben Sturman,” 75.
491. Schlosser, Reefer Madness, 145.
492. Whelan, “Reuben Sturman,” 46.
493. Ibid., 50.
494. The Report of the Commission on Obscenity and Pornography (1970), 347.
495. Money, John, and Tom Mazur. “Microphallus: The Successful Use of a Prosthetic Phallus in a 9-Year-Old Boy.” Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 3, no. 3 (Fall 1977): 187–96.
496. Ibid., 191.
497. Warnke, Georgia. After Identity: Rethinking Race, Sex, and Gender. Oxford, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2008, 15–29. For the complete story, see also Colapinto, John. As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl. New York: HarperCollins, 2013.
498. Money and Mazur, “Microphallus,” 191.
499. Ibid., 193.
500. Ibid., 193–95.
501. Author interview with Marche’s son (September 30, 2016).
502. The FDA does regulate “genital vibrators for therapeutic use in the treatment of sexual dysfunction or as an adjunct to Kegel’s exercise (tightening of the muscles of the pelvic floor to increase muscle tone).” The FDA also regulates clitoral vacuum devices and vibrators “for climax control of premature ejaculation.” See §884.5960, §884.5970, §876.5020 of the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations.
503. “The Porno Plague.” Time, April 5, 1976.
CHAPTER TEN
504. Satchell, Michael. “The Big Business of Selling Smut.” Parade Magazine, August 19, 1979, 4–5.
505. Ibid.
506. Author interview with Chad Braverman (July 6, 2016).
507. Author interview with Marche’s son (September 30, 2016).
508. Author interview with Ron Braverman (December 27, 2016).
509. Author interview with Chad Braverman (July 6, 2016).
510. Lever, Janet, David A. Frederick, and Letitia Anne Peplau. “Does Size Matter? Men’s and Women’s Views on Penis Size Across the Lifespan.” Psychology of Men & Masculinity 7, no. 3 (2006): 129–43.
511. Author interview with Ron Braverman (December 27, 2016).
512. Ibid.
513. Ibid.
514. Author interview with Chad Braverman (July 6, 2016).
515. Cook, James. “The X-Rated Economy.” Forbes, September 18, 1978, 84.
516. Author interview with Ron Braverman (December 27, 2016).
517. Cook, “The X-Rated Economy,” 84.
518. “Doc” Johnson Marital Aids Catalog. Cleveland, Ohio: “Doc” Johnson, 1976, front cover. Doc Johnson Corporate Collection.
519. Ibid., 34.
520. “Anal Intruder Kit” Advertisement. The Advocate, January 11, 1978, 24. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Collection, Archives Center. National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. (NMAH–LGBT).
521. Blystone, Richard. “Residents Deploy Porno Atmosphere.” Carroll Daily Times Herald, June 9, 1976.
522. Whelan, “Reuben Sturman,” 51.
523. Stricharchuk, “Selling Skin,” 26.
524. Author interview with Farley Malorrus (October 4, 2016).
525. Ibid.
526. Customer correspondence to Eve’s Garden, circa 1975–1985. Box 5, Folder 1 (Cornell–Williams).
527. Customer correspondence to Eve’s Garden, 1976. Box 5, Folder 4 (Cornell–Williams).
528. Customer correspondence to Eve’s Garden, March 14, 1983. Box 5, Folder 2 (Cornell–Williams).
529. Ibid.
530. Customer correspondence to Eve’s Garden, circa 1975–1985. Box 5, Folder 1 (Cornell–Williams).
531. For example, see off our backs, 7 no. 1 (February 1977): 23.
532. Author interview with Dell Williams (November 22, 2013).
533. Customer correspondence to Eve’s Garden, December 12, 1977. Box 5, Folder 1 (Cornell– Williams).
534. Customer correspondence to Eve’s Garden, n.d. Box 5, Folder 15 (Cornell–Williams).
535. Author interview with Dell Williams (January 9, 2015).
536. Brannon, Lynette: Austin Center for Human Resources. 1976-1977. “Goodbye to All That: Good Vibrations at Eve’s Garden.” Box 1, Folder 49. (Cornell–Williams).
537. Letter from Lynette Brannon to Dell Williams, February 1, 1977. Box 1, Folder 49 (Cornell– Williams).
538. Ibid.
539. Brannon, Lynette: Austin Center for Human Resources. 1976-1977. “Female Sexuality: An Awareness Workshop.” Box 1, Folder 49. (Cornell–Williams).
540. Author interview with Joani Blank (March 23, 2015).
541. Author interview with Joani Blank (April 1, 2014).
542. Sullivan, Elizabeth. “Godmother of Sex Ed: Maggi Rubenstein.” FoundSF. Accessed June 10, 2014. http://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Godmother_of_SexEd:_Maggi_Rubenstein.
543. Author interview with Joani Blank (March 23, 2015).
544. Barbach, For Yourself, 107. See also “About Dr. Barbach.” Accessed April 5, 2014. http://www.lonniebarbach.com/.
545. Author interview with Joani Blank (April 1, 2014).
546. Ibid.
547. Barbach, For Yourself, 107.
548. Author interview with Joani Blank (April 1, 2014).
549. Ibid.
550. Blank, Joani. A Playbook for Women About Sex. San Francisco: Down There Press, 1975, 8.
551. Ibid.
552. Sullivan, Elizabeth. “Carol Seajay, Old Wives Tales and the Feminist Bookstore Network.” FoundSF. Accessed January 21, 2017. http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Carol_Seajay,_Old_Wives_Tales_and_the_Feminist_Bookstore_Network.
553. Seajay, Carol. “Vibrators for Sale.” Feminist Bookstore News, September 1984, 16. Note: After Good Vibes opened up, Old Wives Tales stopped carrying vibrators.
554. Author interviews with Joani Blank (April 1, 2014) and Dell Williams (November 22, 2013, and January 9, 2015).
555. Ibid.
556. Author interview with Joani Blank (April 1, 2014).
557. Ibid.
558. Author interview with Dell Williams (November 22, 2013).
559. Author interview with Joani Blank (April 1, 2014).
560. Gevins, Adi. “She’s Bringing You Good Vibrations.” Berkeley Barb, June 17, 1977, 5.
561. Author interview with Joani Blank (April 1, 2014).
562. Bronstein, Battling Pornography, 141.
563. Ibid.
564. Author interview with Joani Blank (March 23, 2015).
565. Phillips, Michael. “What Small Business Experience Teaches Us About Economic Theory.” In Elkins, Paul. The Living Economy. London: Routledge, 1986, 274–75.
566. Ibid., 2.
567. Author interview with Joani Blank (March 23, 2015).
568. Ibid.
569. “The Story.” Beate Ushe. Accessed February 27, 2017. http://www.beate-uhse.ag/index.php/the-story.html.
570. Heineman, Elizabeth. Before Porn Was Legal: The Erotic Empire of Beate Uhse. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.
571. “Sex Supermarket.” East Village Other, March 1, 1967, 12.
572. “D.W. Writings on Masturbation and Vibrators. “Eve’s Garden’s Guide to Masturbation and Vibrator Use. Do You Love Yourself?” p. 7. Box 3 Folder 4 (Cornell-Williams).
573. Doc Johnson customer sales tax forms. Box 3, Folder 5 (Cornell–Williams).
CHAPTER ELEVEN
574. Author interview with Ron Braverman (December 27, 2016).
575. Ibid.
576. Author interview with Gosnell Duncan (August 2, 2013).
577. This probably occurred around 1977 because that’s when the earliest invoice is from.
578. Author interview with Gosnell Duncan (August 2, 2013).
579. Dworkin, Andrea. Pornography: Men Possessing Women. New York: Perigee Books, 1981.
580. Koedt, Anne. “The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm.” In Anne Koedt, Ellen Levine, and Anita Rapone, eds. Radical Feminism. New York: Quadrangle Books, 1973, 198–207.
581. The phallic object in The Exorcist was a crucifix. See Starrett, Barbara. “I Dream in Female: The Metaphors of Evolution.” Amazon Quarterly, 3. 1 (November 1974): 15. See also Lieberman, Hallie. “If You Mold It, They Will Come: How Gosnell Duncan’s Devices Changed the Feminist Sex-Toy Game Forever.” Bitch Media. Accessed June 9, 2017. https://www.bitchmedia.org/article/if-you-mold-it-they-will-come-dildo-history-feminist-sex-toy-stores.
582. Katz, Sue. “Smash Phallic Imperialism.” Lavender Vision, 1, no. 1 (1970): 5.
583. Fullerton, Patricia. “Dilemma of the Modern Lesbian.” Lavender Woman, 1, no. 3 (1972): 5.
584. Jay, Karla. “The Spirit Is Feminist but the Flesh Is?” The Lesbian Tide, vol. 4. no. 3 (October 1974): 15.
585. Findlay, Heather. “Freud’s ‘Fetishism’ and the Lesbian Dildo Debates.” Feminist Studies, 18, no. 3 (Fall 1992): 564–65. Findlay was writing in the 1990s, but the terms of the debate were similar in the 1970s.
586. Leigh and M. Duck Brody. “Two Views on Loving Women.” Lavender Woman, 4. no. 3 (June 1975): 10.
587. Snake, R. “Loving Women” Review. Big Mama Rag, 3, no. 5 (June 1975): 13.
588. “Dongs: The Images of Men.” “Doc Johnson Marital Aids Catalog,” 1977. Sex Aids Dealers, 1970–79 (Kinsey).
589. Author interview with Gosnell Duncan (August 2, 2013).
590. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 192.
591. Author interview with Dell Williams (November 19, 2013).
592. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 192–93.
593. Eve’s Garden catalog, 1990, 14 (Cornell–Williams).
594. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 218.
595. Letter from Williams to Wardell B. Pomeroy, April 9, 1975. Business correspondence, 1970s. Box 3, Folder 142 (Cornell–Williams).
596. Ibid.,183.
597. Eve’s Garden Media Kit. Box 6, Folder 69 (Cornell–Williams).
598. McAuley, Robert J. “Did Woman Juror Turn the Tide in Sturman Verdict?” Plain Dealer, July 26, 1978, 1. See also Hatton, “Porn King.”
599. Heaton, Michael. “Famed Hotel Owner Jim Swingos Takes a Long Look Back on the Glory Days.” Cleveland.com. Accessed December 20, 2016. http://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2013/11/famed_hotel_owner_jim_swingos.html.
600. Griffith, John. “U.S. Accuses Sturman of Massive Tax Dodge.” Plain Dealer, March 5, 1985, sec. A, 1;7.
601. Cook, “The X-Rated Economy,” 84.
602. Ibid., 87.
603. Uhelszki, Jaan. “Interview: Joan Jett, Queen of Noise.” The Morton Report, September 13, 2011. http://www.themortonreport.com/entertainment/music/interview-joan-jett-queen-of-noise/.
604. Pleasure Chest catalog, 1978, 6 (Pleasure Chest).
605. Luther, Marylou. “Shock Chic: The Punk Persuasion.” Los Angeles Times, July 31, 1977, sec. V, 15.
606. Japenga, Ann. “Sadomasochist Fashions Attracting Suburban Teens.” Los Angeles Times, March 25, 1983, sec. V, 1; 8.
607. Pleasure Chest catalog, circa 1978, 3 (Pleasure Chest).
608. Pleasure Chest job advertisement. Los Angeles Free Press, July 11–17, 1975.
609. Freitag, Michael. “Neighborhoods in New York Seeing Red Over Blue Videos: ‘No Times Square in Greenwich Village,’ Protesters Say.” New York Times, December 28, 1989.
610. Pleasure Chest catalog, 1978 (Pleasure Chest).
611. Pleasure Chest catalog, 1981 (Pleasure Chest). See also “Pleasure Chest Goes Back to School,” circa 1981. Sex Aids Dealers. United States. 20th century, 1980–1999. (Kinsey).
612. Serrin, William. “Sex Is a Growing Multibillion Business.” New York Times, February 9, 1981. http://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/09/nyregion/sex-is-a-growing-multibillion-business-first-of-two-articles.html.
613. Knight, Jerry. “Retailers Racing to Washington.” Washington Post, May 12, 1980.
614. It was probably no longer operating at this time, although exact details on how long it stayed open are unknown.
615. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 218.
616. “Dell’s account of store’s inception and expansion and struggle.” Account of Eve’s Garden, 1982. Box 3, Folder 2, 3 (Cornell–Williams).
617. Letter from William J. Ryan to Marilyn Carten, November 23, 1981. Business correspondence, 1981. Box 3, Folder 5 (Cornell–Williams).
618. “Dell’s account of store’s inception and expansion and struggle.” Account of Eve’s Garden, 1982. Box 3, Folder 2, 4 (Cornell–Williams).
619. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 220.
620. Letter to five of Dell Williams’s friends, 1981; Letter about financial crisis. Box 3, Folder 4 (Cornell–Williams).
621. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 220.
622. “Dell’s account of store’s inception and expansion and struggle.” Account of Eve’s Garden, 1982. Box 3, Folder 2, 6. (Cornell–Williams).
623. Langelan, Martha. “The Political Economy of Pornography.” Aegis, Autumn 1981, 7.
624. Ann Summers catalog, 1982. Accessed August 7, 2017. http://i1.adis.ws/i/annsummers/1982-new-cat5toys.jpg?%24brandtimeline-lg%24.
625. United States v. Ronald A. Braverman, 829 F.2d 1126 (6th Cir. 1987).
626. Whelan, “Reuben Sturman,” 78.
627. Heidenry, What Wild Ecstasy, 317.
628. “John Oster Manufacturing Co. Demonstrators’ Manual.” December 18, 1949. Louisan E. Mamer Rural Electrification Administration Papers 1927–2002, Box 4, Folder 4, “Demonstrator Scripts.” Archives Center. (NMAH–Archives).
629. Blank, Joani. Good Vibrations: The Complete Guide to Vibrators. Burlingame, CA: Down There Press, 1982, 20.
630. Bumiller, Elisabeth. “Our Bodies, Our Salves: The Erotica Party Comes to Silver Spring.” Washington Post, May 30, 1980, C1.
631. Nussbaum, Paul. “Peddling Sex Accouterments in the Living Room.” Los Angeles Times, April 22, 1981, sec. G, 8.
632. “Lovelay In-Home Parties” Advertisement. Plain Dealer, November 1, 1981, G1; Plain Dealer, January 5, 1982, B3.
633. Nussbaum, “Peddling Sex Accouterments in the Living Room,” 1; 8.
634. Auerbach, Stuart. “Mail Order Company Called Just a Tease; Complaints Cite Undelivered Goods.” Washington Post, June 4, 1983.
635. Auerbach, “Mail Order.”
636. Pleasure Chest photographs, circa 1980s (Pleasure Chest).
637. Altman, Lawrence K. “Rare Cancer Seen in 41 Homosexuals.” New York Times, July 3, 1981, http://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/03/us/rare-cancer-seen-in-41-homosexuals.html.
638. Peyton, Jackson. “AIDS Prevention for Gay Men: A Selected History and Analysis: The San Francisco Experience, 1982-1987.” John-Manuel Andriote Victory Deferred Collection, Box 10, Folder 6 (NMAH–Archives).
639. Long, The Forbidden Apple, 185.
640. Gross, Jane. “Homosexuals Stepping Up AIDS Education.” The New York Times, September 22, 1985, 56.
641. Peyton, “AIDS Prevention for Gay Men,” 9.
642. “Designing an Effective AIDS Prevention Campaign Strategy for San Francisco: Results Form the First Probability Sample of an Urban Gay Male Community.” Prepared for the San Francisco AIDS Foundation by Research & Decisions Corporation. December 1984, Appendix F. John-Manuel Andriote Victory Deferred Collection, Box 10, Folder 5 (NMAH–Archives).
643. Palacios-Jimenez, Louis, and Michael Shernoff. “Facilitator’s Guide to Eroticizing Safer Sex.” Gay Men’s Health Crisis, 1986. HIV/AIDS Collection #1134, Box 1, Folder 33, 28 (NMAH–HIV).
644. Fee, Elizabeth, and Nancy Krieger. “Understanding AIDS: Historical Interpretations and the Limits of Biomedical Individualism.” American Journal of Public Health, 83, no. 10 (October 1, 1993): 1477–88.
645. Harvey Milk Gay Democratic Club, “AIDS Prevention Flyers: Can We Talk?,” Pacific University Archives Exhibits, accessed August 6, 2017, http://exhibits.lib.pacificu.edu/items/show/940.
646. “Women, Sex, and AIDS.” Pamphlet, 1988. #1134, Box 1, Folder 10 (NMAH–HIV).
647. Vance, Carole S. Pleasure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984, 3.
648. Ibid., 6.
649. Kubala, Juliana M. “Sex Wars.” In Bonnie Zimmerman, ed. Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia. Gay Histories and Cultures. Vol. 2. New York: Taylor & Francis, (2000) 683.
650. Author interview with Susie Bright (July 7, 2016).
651. Ibid.
652. “Seda, Dori, Robert Crumb, and Terri Zwigoff. “Girls Turned into Vibrator Zombies.” Weirdo #8, 1983. Reprinted in Seda, Dori. Dori Stories. San Francisco: Last Gasp, 1999.
653. Farmer, Joyce. Tits & Clits Comix, no. 3. Laguna Beach, Ca.: Nanny Goat Productions, 1976, front cover.
654. Ibid.
655. Chevli, Lyn, and Joyce Farmer. “The Fuller Bush Person,” in Tits & Clits Comix, no. 2. Laguna Beach, Ca.: Nanny Goat Productions, 1976, 9–11.
656. Ibid., 9.
657. Ibid.
658. Ibid.
659. Bailey, Beth. Sex in the Heartland. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999, 169–74.
660. “How’re We Doin’.” Good Vibes Gazette 2. Sex Aids Dealers, United States, 1980–1999. (Kinsey).
661. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 179.
662. Author interview with Joani Blank (April 1, 2014).
663. Ibid.
664. Blank, Joani. “Bad Vibes.” Letter to the Editor, WomaNews, March 1983, 2.
665. Author interview with Joani Blank (April 1, 2014).
666. Allen, Donna, ed. “Ms. Magazine Wins Victory for All Women’s Press in Library Case.” Media Report to Women, vol. 7 (July 1, 1979): 1–2.
667. Rhonda Salvail, et. al. v. Nashua Board of Education, 469 F. Supp. 1269 (D. New Hamp., 1979).
668. She recounts this story in Good Vibes Gazette (March 1987, 1), so it’s possible that it happened in 1987, and not 1983 as she told.
669. Author interview with Joani Blank (April 1, 2014).
670. Friedan, It Changed My Life, 86.
671. I asked Gloria Steinem about this story, and her assistant contacted me and said he asked Steinem, but she had no recollection of the situation with Joani Blank.
672. Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations, no. 3 (March 1987), 1 (CSC–Good Vibes).
673. “Ms. Magazine.” Feminist Bookstore News, April 1987, 20.
674. One of the ads Good Vibes ran in Mother Jones showed a drawing of the Hitachi Magic Wand and said, “It’s fun to use at home or with a partner.” Mother Jones, May 1985, 47.
675. Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations, no. 5 (Fall 1988), 1 (CSC–Good Vibes).
676. Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations, no. 10 (Fall 1990), 4 (CSC–Good Vibes).
677. “Censorship.” Feminist Bookstore News, August 1989, 25.
678. Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations, no. 9 (Summer 1990), 1 (CSC– Good Vibes).
679. Author interview with Joani Blank (April 1, 2014).
680. Author interview with Susie Bright (July 7, 2016).
681. Author interview with Ron Braverman (December 27, 2016).
682. Attorney General’s Commission on Pornography: Final Report (1986), vol. 2, 1447–50. During this time, about half the sex toys sold in the United States were sold through retail.
683. Griffith, John. “U.S. Accuses Sturman of Massive Tax Dodge.” Plain Dealer. March 5, 1985, A7.
684. Ibid.
685. Ibid.
686. “Sturman Released as Checks Check Out.” Plain Dealer, July 10, 1985, sec. B.
687. Griffith, John. “Sturman Has Dead Man’s Passport; Bond Stands.” Plain Dealer, July 2, 1985, A, 1.
688. Geltzer, Dirty Words and Filthy Pictures, 257.
689. “Sturman Counts Reinstated in New Indictment.” Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 25, 1987, sec. B, 3.
690. Epstein, Keith C. “Court Upholds Conviction of Figure in Sturman Case.” Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 22, 1988, sec. A, 8.
691. Author interview with Susie Bright (July 7, 2016).
692. Ibid.
693. Author interview with Joani Blank (April 1, 2014).
694. Author interview with Susie Bright (July 7, 2016).
695. Letter from a customer to Gosnell Duncan, circa late 1970s–early 1980s (Duncan).
696. Author interview with Gosnell Duncan, August 3, 2013 (Duncan).
697. Good Vibrations catalog, circa late 1980s–1990 (Duncan).
698. Letters from a female customer to Gosnell Duncan, December 17, 1975, and Duncan to customer, and January 21, 1976 (Duncan).
699. Letter from an activist to Gosnell Duncan, August 31, 1984 (Duncan).
700. Letter from an activist to Gosnell Duncan, December 17, 1984 (Duncan).
701. Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations, no. 1 (1985) (CSC–Good Vibes).
702. Bright, Susie. “Toys for Us.” On Our Backs, September-October 1984, 13.
703. Math, Mara. “Andrea Dworkin Talks About Feminism.” Gay Community News, December 1985, 8.
704. Customer correspondence to Eve’s Garden, October 19, 1987. Box 5, Folder 2 (Cornell–Williams).
705. Author interview with Susie Bright (July 7, 2016).
706. “Come Again Erotic Emporium Celebrating 10th Anniversary.” Press release, November 16, 1991 (Duncan).
707. Advertisement for Gosnell Duncan’s dildos showing U.S. stores carrying them. On Our Backs, November-December 1989, 9.
708. Bright, “Toys for Us,” 8.
709. Bright, Susie. “Bay Area Bulletin: Good Vibrations Offers Home Parties.” Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations, 1986 (CSC–Good Vibes).
710. Jeffreys, Sheila. The Lesbian Heresy: A Feminist Perspective on the Lesbian Sexual Revolution. Melbourne, Australia: Spinifex Press, 1993, 28–29.
711. GMHC sextoy certificate. Susie Bright Papers, Box 20, Folder 2. Human Sexuality Collection. Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library (Cornell–Bright).
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
712. Geltzer, Dirty Words and Filthy Pictures, 304–06.
713. Shenon, Philip. “Sturm Und Drang Und Pornography.” The New York Times, April 15, 1986, sec. B6.
714. Scott, Joseph E. “Book Review: Attorney General’s Commission on Pornography.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (Winter 1988). Accessed February 28, 2017, via LexisNexis Academic.
715. Broder, Samuel. “The Development of Antiretroviral Therapy and Its Impact on the HIV-1/AIDS Pandemic.” Antiviral Research 85, no. 1 (January 2010): 1.
716. Author interview with Brian Robinson (March 23, 2016) [doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.10.002].\\ uc0\\u8221{} {\\i{}Antiviral Research} 85, no. 1 (January 2010).
717. “Duane Colglazier Services Held.” Holyoke Enterprise, Holyoke, CO, March 1988.
718. Author interview with Brian Robinson (March 23, 2016).
719. Mills, Kim I. “Lesbians Urge ‘Safe Sex’ as AIDS Precaution.” Associated Press, December 30, 1987. Box 13, Folder 88 (Cornell–Bright).
720. Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations, no. 5 (Fall 1988): 2 (CSC–Good Vibes).
721. “Women, Sex and AIDS” pamphlet, 1988. #1134 HIV/AIDS. Box 1, Folder 10. (NAMH–HIV).
722. “AIDS: A Woman’s Health Issue.” Whitman-Walker Clinic Inc., Washington, D.C., Maryland, Virginia, circa 1990s, 5 (NAMH–HIV).
723. “Feeling the Heat: An Evening of Erotic Entertainment for Women Only.” Fund-raiser, 1988. Box 13, Folder 84 (Cornell–Bright).
724. A View from the Garden. Eve’s Garden Newsletter. Fall 1990, 1. Box 3, Folder 24 (Cornell-Williams).
725. Letter from Cynthia Madansky to Dell Williams, June 2, 1993. Charity correspondence, 1992–1994. Box 3, Folder 9 (NMAH–HIV).
726. Author interview with Carol Queen (July 17, 2016).
727. Griffith, John, and Rosemary Armao. “Sturman Jests as War Tears at Porn Empire.” Plain Dealer, May 24, 1987, sec. A, 1; 17.
728. Houston, Paul. “Man Called Largest Porno Seller Indicted.” Los Angeles Times, October 9, 1987, sec. 1, 20.
729. Heidenry, What Wild Ecstasy, 318–20.
730. Johnson, John. “No Heir Apparent for Toppled Porn King.” Los Angeles Times, December 4, 1989. See also Henderson, Karen E. “Sturman Trial Goes to Jury.” Plain Dealer, November 7, 1989.
731. “Pornographer Gets $10 Years, $2.46 Million Fine.” Los Angeles Times, February 13, 1990, sec. B2.
732. Hendersen, Karen E.“Porn Czar Gets Prison Term, Fined $2 Million.” Plain Dealer, February 13, 1990, A1, A7.
733. Mann, Steve. “Master’s Project Turns into Mail-Order Boom.” Burlington Times-News, November 27, 1980, sec. F6.
734. Hart, Kelvin. “Adam & Eve Open But Quiet About the Raid.” Burlington Times-News, June 11, 1986, sec. D2.
735. Ibid.
736. Harvey, The Government vs. Erotica, 34.
737. Ibid.
738. Author interview with Phil Harvey (February 1, 2017).
739. Harvey, The Government vs. Erotica, 34; 66–67; 82; 125.
740. Ibid., 84–87.
741. Harvey, The Government Vs. Erotica, 21.
742. Ibid., 82–86.
743. Heidenry, What Wild Ecstasy, 319.
744. Ibid., 320.
745. “Pornography Given 4-Year Sentence.” Los Angeles Times, June 11, 1992, sec. A41.
746. Johnson, John. “Top Pornographer Reuben Sturman Vanishes from Prison.” Los Angeles Times, December 14, 1992, sec. B5.
747. Williams, Timothy. “Grand Jury Indicts Pornographer’s Ex-Wife.” Los Angeles Times, October 27, 1993, sec. B4.
748. Author interview with David Sturman (December 7, 2016).
749. Hernandez, Greg. “Porn Kingpin Who Escaped Prison Arrested: Fugitive: 68-Year-Old Captured in Anaheim Was Serving Time for Federal Racketeering, Obscenity, Income Tax Violations.” Los Angeles Times, February 10, 1993. Accessed August 7, 2017. http://articles.latimes.com/1993-02-10/local/me-1306_1_income-tax-violations.
750. Author interview with Shay Martin (September 6, 2016).
751. Ibid.
752. Ibid.
753. Ibid.
754. Ibid.
755. Ibid.
756. Scorpio Products advertisement. On Our Backs, November/December 1989, 9.
757. Author interview with Susie Bright (July 7, 2016).
758. Scorpio Products advertisement. On Our Backs, November/December 1989, 9.
759. Good Vibes Gazette, San Francisco: Good Vibrations, no. 6 (Spring 1989) (CSC–Good Vibes).
760. Author interview with Gosnell Duncan (August 2–3, 2013).
761. Letter from Gosnell Duncan to Honey Lee Cottrell, March 13, 1993 (Duncan).
762. Solid Penis Device brochure, circa early 1990s (Duncan).
763. Disabled & Able-bodied Adults Erotic Toys” catalog mock-up, early 1990s (Duncan).
764. “A Cellarfull of Dildoes: Olav Andre Manum Visits Dildo Makers Scorpio Novelty Products.” Cupido, No. 2 (1990): 5. Translated from Danish by May Kristin Jokobsen. Hverdag Products (Duncan).
765. Author interview with Susie Bright (July 7, 2016).
766. Letter from Susie Bright to Gosnell Duncan, circa February 1993 (Duncan).
767. Bright, Susie. “What a Friend We Have in Dildos.” The Advocate, September 10, 1991, 67.
768. Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations. (Holiday 2002). (CSC–Good Vibes).
769. GV Store’s Afterhours News, 1990s (CSC–Good Vibes).
770. Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations, no. 17 (Spring 1995), 2. (CSC–Good Vibes).
771. Queen, Carol. “Sisters Doin’ It for Themselves.” On Our Backs, December 1992, 39.
772. Wall History of Good Vibrations (2004), 1992 panel (CSC-Good Vibes).
773. Surnow, Rose. “Babeland’s Co-Founder Talks 20 Years of Vibrators and Lube.” Cosmopolitan, February 22, 2013. Accessed August 7, 2017. http://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/advice/babeland-turns-20.
774. Wall History of Good Vibrations (2004), 1992 panel (CSC-Good Vibes).
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
775. Gardetta, “Doctor’s Orders.”
776. Author interview with Phil Harvey (February 3, 2017). See also Harvey, The Government vs. Erotica, 127; 130–32.
777. PHE, Inc. v. U.S. Dept. of Justice, 743 F. Supp. 15 (D.D.C. 1990). See also Harvey, The Government vs. Erotica, 145–8; 200.
778. Hentoff, Nat. “The Justice Department’s Tainted Fruit.” Washington Post, July 25, 1992, sec. A21
779. “PHE Battle Unifies Two Usual Opponents.” Burlington N.C. Times-News, June 22, 1993, sec. C2. See also Beato, Greg. “Sexually Transmitted Altruism (SSIR).” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Fall 2012. 10: 4, 66-71
780. “PHE Battle Unifies Two Usual Opponents.”
781. Mail-Order Firm Clears Legal Hurdle to Relocate.” Burlington N.C. Times-News, March 15, 1994, sec. C2.
782. Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations, no. 17 (Spring 1995), 1 (CSC–Good Vibes).
783. Author interview with Joani Blank (April 1, 2014).
784. Wall History of Good Vibrations (2004), 1996 panel (CSC–Good Vibes).
785. Wall History of Good Vibrations (2004), 1995 panel (CSC–Good Vibes).
786. Queen, “Sisters Doin’ It for Themselves,” 20–22; 38. See also Ad for Gosnell Duncan’s dildos. On Our Backs, November/December 1989, 9.
787. Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations (Holiday 2002), 4 (CSC–Good Vibes).
788. Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations, no.19 (Spring 1996), 1 (CSC–Good Vibes).
789. Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations, no. 25 (Spring 1999), 3 (CSC–Good Vibes); Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations (Holiday 1999), 1 (CSC–Good Vibes).
790. Author interview with Brian Robinson (March 23, 2016).
791. Author interview with Sarah Tomchesson (February 15, 2016).
792. Author interview with Shay Martin (September 6, 2016).
793. “The Turtle and the Hare.” Sex and the City: Season 1. HBO, 1998.
794. Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations, no. 25 (Spring 1999), 1 (CSC–Good Vibes).
795. Author interview with Shay Martin (September 6, 2016).
796. “My Motherboard, My Self.” Sex and the City: Season 4. HBO, 2001.
797. “Critical Condition.” Sex and the City: Season 5. HBO, 2002. Even dildos cause problems. Samantha throws out her back when using a strap-on dildo to have sex with her girlfriend. See also “Ghost Town.” Sex and the City: Season 4. HBO, 2001.
798. For more on this scene and the vibrator in American popular culture, see Rosewarne, Lauren. American Taboo: The Forbidden Words, Unspoken Rules, and Secret Morality of Popular Culture. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2011, 211–35.
799. Not Another Teen Movie. Directed by Joel Gallen. Columbia Pictures, 2001.
800. Goldman, Andrew. “Panic in Bedrooms as Magic Wand, Cadillac of Vibrators, Disappears.” New York Observer, June 12, 2000.
801. Author interview with Shay Martin. (September 6, 2016).
802. Ibid.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
803. Good Vibes Gazette. San Francisco: Good Vibrations (Holiday 2000) (CSC–Good Vibes).
804. DeBare, Ilana. “Good News for Good Vibrations—It’s Being Sold.” SFGate, September 27, 2007. Accessed June 8, 2017. http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Good-news-for-Good-Vibrations-it-s-being-sold-2501063.php.
805. Vega, Cecilia M. “Transgender Pioneer Rises to Powerful Spot.” SFGate, May 12, 2007. Accessed March 1, 2017. http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Transgender-pioneer-rises-to-powerful-spot-2595344.php.
806. Bronstein, Phil. “How Feminist Sexshop Lost Its Loving Feeling.” San Francisco Chronicle, August 17, 2009. Accessed August 7, 2017. http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/article/How-feminist-sexshop-lost-its-loving-feeling-3289154.php.
807. Note: There is debate about whether or not phthalates are harmful.
808. Cassell, Heather. “Good Vibrations Announces Merger.” Bay Area Reporter, October 4, 2007. Accessed March 1, 2017. http://www.ebar.com/news/article.php?sec=news&article=2281.
809. Author interview with Susie Bright (July 7, 2016).
810. Bronstein, “How Feminist Sexshop Lost Its Loving Feeling.”
811. Sara J. “Good Vibrations Yelp Review.” Yelp, August 3, 2008. Accessed August 7, 2017. https://www.yelp.ca/biz/good-vibrations-berkeley?hrid=pT_2yxjkWj4VbPncnZGoxA&. The name of the corporation that owns Good Vibrations has changed from GVA-TWN. It is now the corporation Barnaby Ltd. which was founded by Kaminsky.
812. Author interview with Walter Fallon (April 1, 2016).
813. Williams and Vannucci, Revolution in the Garden, 248.
814. Reinholz, Mary. “Sex Shop Founder Dell Williams Dies.” NY Press, March 19, 2015. Accessed March 2, 2017. http://www.nypress.com/local-news/20150319/sex-shop-founder-dell-williams-dies.
815. Author interview with David Keegan, AEFC general manager (February 13, 2017).
816. Author interview with Phil Harvey (February 1, 2017).
817. Bowles, Nellie. “It’s Hard Out There for a Sex-Toy Entrepreneur.” Recode, October 17, 2014. Accessed August 8, 2017. http://www.recode.net/2014/10/17/11631986/its-hard-out-there-for-a-sex-toy-entrepreneur.
818. “Fifty Shades of Grey Charlie Tango Classic Vibrator.” Lovehoney.com. Accessed March 6, 2017. https://www.lovehoney.com/product.cfm?p=29338.
819. Research on obscene devices laws was done by my father, Erik R. Lieberman, who is an attorney, and his legal intern.
820. Buchanan, Kim Shayo. “Lawrence v. Geduldig: Regulating Women’s Sexuality.” Emory Law Review Journal, 56 (2007): 1235–1303.
821. “Donald Trump Plug. ” Shapeways.com. Accessed March 2, 2017. https://www.shapeways.com/product/SCD3B2NJD/donald-trump-plug.
822. Complaint from viewer in Maple Valley, WA, about “Trojan Triphoria” ad that aired December 31, 2010, on a Saturday Night Live episode that was shown on VH1. FCC/Enforcement Bureau, IHD-Investigation and Hearings. Informal complaints received by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regarding the television show “Saturday Night Live,” 2008–2012. Other consumers have complained about sex toys being discussed on 2 Broke Girls. See: Complaint from viewer in Old Tappan NJ, about 2 Broke Girls that aired November 12, 2012, on CBS; Complaint from viewer in Jacksonville, FL, NJ about 2 Broke Girls that aired November 11, 2012 on CBS. Informal complaints received by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regarding the television show “2 Broke Girls,” 2011– 2013, Released Date December 5, 2013. Obtained from Government Attic, accessed August 20, 2014. http://www.governmentattic.org/10docs/FCC_Complaints2BrokeGirls_2011-2013.pdf
823. Jin, Jessica. “I’m Getting Death Threats for Protesting Guns With Sex Toys.” Time.com. October 16, 2015. Accessed August 7, 2017. http://time.com/4074728/campus-carry-sex-toys.
824. Craver, Jack. “Madison Politiscope: Isthmus Cover Photo Too Much for Metcalfe’s Market.” Madison.com, August 25, 2012. Accessed March 5, 2017. http://host.madison.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/politiscope/madison-politiscope-isthmus-cover-photo-too-much-for-metcalfe-s/article_e6e09852-ee5d-11e1-8c48-0019bb2963f4.html.
825. Harvey’s nonprofit DKT helps distribute vibrating cock rings along with condoms, and in Brazil they help distribute regular vibrators, but they don’t usually subsidize them.