Archival Materials
Historical Files of the American Expeditionary Forces in Siberia, 1918–1920. RG 395. Microfilm Publication M917. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
International Harvester Archives, Navistar Corporation, Chicago, Illinois.
Records of the Advisory Commission of Railway Experts to Russia, the Russian Railway Service Corps and the Inter-Allied Railway Committee, 1917–1922. RG 43. Microfilm made by the U.S. National Archives. Deposited at the Hoover Institute Library. Stanford, California.
U.S. Department of Commerce. General Records of the Department of Commerce, 1918–1933. RG 40. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
———. Records of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, 1918–1933. RG 151. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
———. General Records of the Department of State. RG 59. National Archives, Washington D.C.
———. Records of the U.S. Department of State Relating to United States Commercial Relations with Russia/Soviet Union, 1910–1929. RG 59. National Archives. Washington, D.C.
———. Records Relating to the Internal Affairs of Russia and the Soviet Union, 1910–1929. RG 59. National Archives. Washington, D.C.
U.S. Department of Treasury. Country File: Russia. RG 39. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
U.S. War Trade Board. Records of the Russian Bureau. RG 182. National Archives, Suitland, Maryland.
Manuscript Collections
Gordon Auchincloss Papers. Yale University Library, New Haven, Connecticut.
Tasker Bliss Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Richard Crane Papers. Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.
Samuel N. Harper Papers. University of Chicago Library, Chicago.
Edward M. House Papers. Yale University Library, New Haven, Connecticut.
Charles Evans Hughes Papers. Library of Congress Microfilm, Washington, D.C.
Robert Lansing Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Breckinridge Long Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Cyrus H. McCormick Jr. Papers. Wisconsin State Historical Society, Madison, Wisconsin.
Vance C. McCormick Diary. Yale University Library, New Haven, Connecticut.
Roland S. Morris Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Frank L. Polk Papers. Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Woodrow Wilson Papers. Presidential Papers Microfilm, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
William Wiseman Papers. Yale University Library, New Haven, Connecticut.
Published Documents
Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919–1939. Series 1. E. L. Woodward and Rohan Butler, eds. London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1949.
U.S. Department of State. Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS). 1917–23. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1931–40.
Select Published Sources
Acheson, Dean. Private Thoughts on Public Affairs. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1955.
Baker, Ray Stannard, ed. Woodrow Wilson Life and Letters. 9 Vols. New York: Doubleday, Doran, 1939.
Bell, Sidney. Righteous Conquest: Woodrow Wilson and the Evolution of the New Diplomacy. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1972.
Block, Fred. The Origins of International Economic Disorder: A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1977.
Bradley, John. Allied Intervention in Russia. New York: Basic Books, 1968.
Browder, Robert P., and Alexander Kerensky, eds. The Russian Revolution, 1917, Documents. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1961.
Buckley, Thomas H. The United States and the Washington Conference, 1921–1922. Knoxville: University of Tennesse Press, 1970.
Bullard, Arthur. The Russian Pendulum: Autocracy, Democracy, Bolshevism. New York: Macmillan, 1919.
Calhoun, Frederick. Power and Principle: Armed Intervention in Wilsonian Foreign Policy. Kent, Ohio: Kent State Univ. Press, 1986.
Carr, Edward H. The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917–1923, 3 Vols. London: Macmillan, 1953.
Carstensen, Fred, and Gregory Guroff, eds. Entrepreneurship in Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 1983.
Carstensen, Fred V. American Enterprise in Foreign Markets: Studies of Singer and International Harvester in Imperial Russia. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1984.
Conant, Charles A. “The Economic Basis of Imperialism.” North American Review 167 (Sept. 1898): 326–40.
Curry, Roy Watson. Woodrow Wilson and Far Eastern Policy, 1913–1921. New York: Bookman, 1957.
Davis, Clarence B. Partners and Rivals: Britain’s Imperial Diplomacy Concerning the United States and Japan in China, 1915–1922. New York: Garland, 1987.
Dayer, Roberta A. Bankers and Diplomats in China, 1917–1925: The Anglo-American Relationship. London: Frank Cass, 1981.
Debo, Richard K. Revolution and Survival: The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia, 1917–1918. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 1979.
———. Survival and Consolidation: The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia, 1918–1921. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s Univ. Press, 1992.
Diamond, William. The Economic Thought of Woodrow Wilson. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1943.
Dotsenko, Paul. The Struggle for Democracy in Siberia, 1917–1920: Eyewitness Account of a Contemporary. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institute Press, 1983.
Edwards, Ernest W. British Diplomacy and Finance in China, 1895–1914. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1987.
Fischer, Fritz. Germany’s Aims in the First World War. New York: Norton, 1967.
Foglesong, David S. America’s Secret War Against Bolshevism: U.S. Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1917–1920. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1995.
Fowler, W. B. British-American Relations, 1917–1918: The Role of Sir William Wiseman. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1969.
Freeland, Richard M. The Truman Doctrine and the Origins of McCarthyism: Foreign Policy, Domestic Politics, and Internal Security, 1946–1948. New York: Schocken, 1971.
Gardner, Lloyd C. Safe for Democracy: The Anglo-American Response to Revolution, 1913–1923. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1984.
———. A Covenant With Power: America and the World from Wilson to Reagan. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1984.
———, ed. Redefining the Past: Essays in Diplomatic History in Honor of William Appleman Williams. Corvallis: Oregon State Univ. Press, 1986.
Gramsci, Antonio. Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publishers, 1971.
Graves, William S. America’s Siberian Adventure, 1918–1920. New York: Peter Smith, 1941.
Hoff-Wilson, Joan. Ideology and Economics: U. S. Relations with the Soviet Union, 1918–1933. Columbia: Univ. of Missouri Press, 1974.
Hogan, Michael J. The Marshall Plan: America, Britain, and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947–1952. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1987.
Hoyt, Edwin P. The Army Without a Country. New York: Macmillan, 1967. Ingram, Alton Earl. “The Root Mission to Russia, 1917.” Ph.D. diss.: Louisiana State Univ., 1970.
Kaufman, Burton I. Efficiency and Expansion: Foreign Trade Organization in the Wilson Administration, 1913–1921. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1974.
Kautsky, Karl. “Ultra-Imperialism.” New Left Review 59 (Jan.-Feb. 1970): 39–46.
Kayden Eugene, and Alexis Antsiferov. The Cooperative Movement in Russia During the War. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1929.
Kennan, George. Siberia and the Exile System. 2d ed., abridged. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1958.
Kennan, George F. Russia and the West Under Lenin and Stalin. Boston: Little, Brown, 1961.
———. Soviet-American Relations 1917–1920, Vol. 1, Russia Leaves the War. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1956.
———. Soviet-American Relations 1917–1920, Vol. 2, The Decision to Intervene. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1958.
Kerr, K. Austin. American Railroad Politics, 1914–1920: Rates, Wages, Efficiency. Pittsburgh: Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1968.
Kettle, Michael. Russia and the Allies, 1917–1920, Vol. 1, The Allies and the Russian Collapse, March 1917–March 1918. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1981.
———. Russia and the Allies, 1917–1920, Vol. 2, The Road to Intervention, March–November, 1918. London: Routledge, 1988.
Killen, Linda. The Russian Bureau: A Case Study in Wilsonian Diplomacy. Lexington: Univ. Press of Kentucky, 1983.
Knock, Thomas. To End All Wars: Woodrow Wilson and the Quest for a New World Order. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1992.
Kolz, Arno W. F. “British Economic Interests in Siberia During the Russian Civil War, 1918–1920.” Journal of Modern History 48 (Sept. 1976): 483–91.
LaFeber, Walter. America, Russia, and the Cold War, 1945–1992. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.
Lasch, Christopher. “American Intervention in Siberia: A Reinterpretation.” Political Science Quarterly 77 (June 1962): 205–33.
Lee, Frederic E. The Russian Cooperative Movement. U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Miscellaneous series 101. Washington, D.C., 1920.
Levin, N. Gordon. Woodrow Wilson and World Politics: America’s Response to War and Revolution. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1968.
Lincoln, W. Bruce. The Conquest of a Continent: Siberia and the Russians. New York: Random House, 1994.
———. Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989.
Link, Arthur, ed. Woodrow Wilson and a Revolutionary World, 1913–1921. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1982.
———. The Papers of Woodrow Wilson. 35 vols., Princeton N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1966-.
Livermore, Seward W. Politics Is Adjourned: Woodrow Wilson and the War Congress, 1916–1918. Middleton: Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1966.
Luckett, Richard. The White Generals: An Account of the White Movement and the Russian Civil War. New York: Viking, 1971.
McCormick, Thomas J. America’s Half-Century: United States Foreign Policy in the Cold War. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1989.
McCullough, David. The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1977.
McFadden, David W. Alternative Paths: Soviets and Americans, 1917–1920. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1993.
MacMurray, John. Treaties and Agreements with and Concerning China, 1894–1919, Vol. 2, Republican Period, 1912–1919. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1921.
Maddox, Robert J. The Unknown War with Russia: Wilson’s Siberian Intervention. San Rafael, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1977.
Maier, Charles S. In Search of Stability: Explorations in Historical Political Economy. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1987.
———. “American Visions and British Interests: Hogan’s Marshall Plan.” Reviews in American History 18 (March 1990): 102–11.
Matsuda, Takeshi. “Woodrow Wilson’s Dollar Diplomacy in the Far East: The New Chinese Consortium 1917–1921.” Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1979.
Mawdsley, Evan. The Russian Civil War. Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1987.
Mayer, Arno J. Political Origins of the New Diplomacy, 1917–1918. New York: Vintage, 1970.
———. Politics and Diplomacy of Peacemaking: Containment and Counterrevolution at Versailles, 1918–1919. New York: Vintage, 1967.
Morley, James William. The Japanese Thrust into Siberia. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1957.
Nish, Ian. Alliance in Decline: A Study in Anglo-Japanese Relations, 1908–1923. London: Athlone Press, 1972.
Norton, Henry K. The Far Eastern Republic. New York: J. Day, 1927.
Notter, Harley. The Origins of the Foreign Policy of Woodrow Wilson. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1937.
Palmer, Frederick. Newton D. Baker: America at War. New York: Dodd, Meade, 1931.
Parrini, Carl. Heir to Empire: United States Economic Diplomacy, 1916–1923. Pittsburgh: Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1969.
Parrini, Carl P., and Martin J. Sklar. “New Thinking About the Market, 1896–1904: Some American Economists on Investment and the Theory of Surplus Capital.” Journal of Economic History 43 (Sept. 1983): 559–78.
Pereira, N. G. O. “The Idea of Siberian Regionalism in Late Imperial and Revolutionary Russia.” Russian History 20 (1993): 163–78.
———. “The Partisan Movement in Western Siberia, 1918–1920.” Jahrbucher fur Geshichte Osteuropas 38 (1990): 87–97.
———. “Regional Consciousness in Siberia Before and after October 1917.” Canadian Slavonic Papers 30 (Mar. 1987): 113–33.
———. “White Power during the Civil War in Siberia (1918–1920): Dilemmas of Kolchak’s ‘War Anti-Communism.’” Canadian Slavonic Papers 29 (Mar. 1987): 45–62.
———. White Siberia: The Politics of Civil War. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s Univ. Press, 1996.
Polner, Tikhon I. Russian Local Government during the War and the Union of Zemstuos. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1930.
Reinsch, Paul S. An American Diplomat in China. Garden City, N.Y.: Double-day, Page, 1922.
Rhodes, Benjamin D. The Anglo-American Winter War with Russia, 1918–1919: A Diplomatic and Military Tragicomedy. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.
Rosenberg, William G. Liberals in the Russian Revolution: The Constitutional Democratic Party, 1917–1921. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1974.
Salzman, Catherine. “Consumer Cooperative Societies in Russia, Goals Vs. Gains, 1900–1918.” Cahiers du Monde Russe et Sovietique 23 (July–Dec. 1982): 351–69.
Scheiber, Harry N. “World War I as Entrepreneurial Opportunity: Willard Straight and the American International Corporation.” Political Science Quarterly 84 (Sept. 1969): 486–511.
Siegel, Katherine A. S. Loans and Legitimacy: The Evolution of Soviet-American Relations, 1919–1933. Lexington: Univ. Press of Kentucky, 1996.
Sklar, Martin J. The Corporate Reconstruction of American Capitalism, 1896–1904: The Market, the Law, and Politics. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988.
———. The United States as a Developing Country: Studies in U.S. History in the Progressive Era and the 1920s. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992.
Smith, C. F. Vladivostok Under Red and White Rule. Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press, 1975.
Smith, Charles. “Four Years of Mistakes in Siberia. “Asia 22 (June 1922): 479–83. Snow, R. E. The Bolsheviks in Siberia, 1917–1918. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1977.
Sokolsky, George E. The Story of the Chinese Eastern Railway. Shanghai: 1929. St. John, Jacqueline. “John F. Stevens: American Assistance to Russian and Siberian Railroads.” Ph.D. diss., University of Oklahoma, 1969.
Stevens, John F. “Russia during the World War.” Engineers and Engineering 44 (Jan. 1927): 17–23.
Tang, Peter S. H. Russian and Soviet Policy in Manchuria and Outer Mongolia, 1911–1931. Durham, N.C.: Duke Univ. Press, 1959.
Thompson, John M. Russia, Bolshevism, and the Versailles Peace. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1966.
Treadgold, Donald W. The Great Siberian Migration: Government and Peasant in Resettlement from Emancipation to the First World War. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1957.
———. “Russian Expansion in the Light of Turner’s Study of the American Frontier.” Agricultural History 26 (Oct. 1952): 147–52.
Turner, Frederick Jackson. “The Significance of the Frontier in American History.”American Historical Association, Annual Report (Washington, D.C., 1893).
Tuve, Jeanette E. “Changing Directions in Russian-American Relations, 1912–1917.” Slavic Review 31 (Mar. 1972): 52–72.
Ullman, Richard H. Anglo-Soviet Relations, 1917–1921, Vol. 1, Intervention and the War. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1961.
———. Anglo-Soviet Relations, 1917–1921, Vol. 2, Britain and the Russian Civil War, November 1918–February 1920. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1968.
Unterberger, Betty M. America’s Siberian Intervention, 1918–1920: A Study of National Policy. Durham, N.C.: Duke Univ. Press, 1956.
———. “Woodrow Wilson and the Russian Revolution,” in Arthur S. Link, ed., Woodrow Wilson and a Revolutionary World, 1913–1921. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1982. 49–104.
———. The United States, Revolutionary Russia, and the Rise of Czechoslovakia. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1989.
Wade, Rex A. The Russian Search for Peace, February–October 1917. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press, 1969.
Walker, Martin. “Russia and the West: What Is to Be Done Now?” World Policy Journal 11 (Spring 1994): 1–10.
Weissman, Benjamin. Herbert Hoover and Famine Relief to Soviet Russia, 1921–1923. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Inst. Press, 1974.
Wheeler-Bennett, John W. The Forgotten Peace: Brest-Litovsk, March 1918. New York: Morrow, 1939. White, Christine. British and American Commercial Relations with Soviet Russia, 1918–1924. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1992.
White, John A. The Siberian Intervention. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1950.
Williams, William A. American-Russian Relations, 1781–1947. New York: Octagon Books, 1971.
———. The Tragedy of American Diplomacy. New York: Dell, 1972.
Willoughby, Westel W. China at the Conference: A Report. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1922.
Wilson, Woodrow. The State: Elements of Historical and Practical Politics. Boston: Heath, 1918
Woodward, David R. “The British Government and Japanese Intervention in Russia During World War I.” Journal of Modern History 46 (Dec. 1974): 663–85.
Young, Carl W. The International Relations of Manchuria. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1929.
Zeiler, Thomas. “Business Is Business.” Diplomatic History 18 (Summer 1994): 419–23.
Zeman, Z. A. B., ed. Germany and the Revolution in Russia, 1915–1918. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1958.