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1763 Royal Proclamation 82
1764 Treaty of Niagara 82
1842 Bagot Commission 85
1844 Bagot Commission recommendations 85
1857 Gradual Civilization Act 86
1869 Enfranchisement Act 86
1876 Indian Act 21, 24, 85, 87, 167
1994 report of the Assembly of First Nations 93
A
Aamjiwnaang First Nation 96
Aboriginal Healing and Wellness Program 47
Aboriginal Healing Foundation (AHF) 15, 29, 90, 103, 104, 108, 224, 249
Aboriginal philosophy 50
Aboriginal population 124
Aboriginal psyche 250
Aboriginal rights and self-determination 96
Absolon, Kathy 5, 10, 17, 63, 64, 127, 249, 250
Abuse 2, 17, 25, 29, 90, 94, 100, 126, 151, 192, 217, 226, 240, 243
aggressive assimilation 86
Ahnee (Hi; Hello; Greetings) 150
Ajunnginiq Centre 112, 125, 126
Alcoholics Anonymous 203, 205, 253
Algoma University College 21, 98
All of Creation 18, 33, 40
Ancestors 2, 18, 22, 27, 32, 33, 44, 45, 57, 58, 60, 61, 76, 79, 132, 213, 236, 237, 238, 240, 241, 247, 248, 258, 260, 261
Angeconeb, Garnet 74, 237, 242
Anglican Church 98
Animal 13, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 44, 52, 55, 79, 84, 132, 140, 141, 145, 164, 176, 177, 212, 236, 238
animate 44, 50
Anishinaabe 5, 13, 14, 17, 18, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 84, 96, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 123, 127, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 152, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 163, 165, 167, 182, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 198, 200, 201, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209, 212, 213, 225, 226, 227, 229, 231, 236, 237, 240, 241, 242, 245, 246, 247, 248, 251, 254, 259, 260, 261, 271
Anishinaabe approach 130, 134
Anishinaabe children 141, 157
Anishinaabe Clan System 140
Anishinaabe country 38, 72
Anishinaabe Creation Story 33, 208, 236
Anishinaabe culture 225, 242
Anishinaabe education 51, 52
Anishinaabe Elders 62, 75
Anishinaabe epistemology 31
Anishinaabe identity 22, 23, 225
Anishinaabe Knowledge 27, 60, 61, 66
Anishinaabe knowledge holder 60, 61
Anishinaabe knowledge seekers 66
Anishinaabe Medicine Wheel 27, 29, 43
Anishinaabe Mino Bemaadiziwin (the good way of life) 18
Anishinaabe mino-bimaadiziwin (the way of a good life) 13, 29, 137, 139, 159, 163, 188, 208
Anishinaabe ontology 31, 61, 62
Anishinaabe oral tradition 84
Anishinaabe paradigm 31, 57, 248
Anishinaabe people 27, 28, 33, 57, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 108, 139, 237, 245, 246, 260
Anishinaabe perspective 51, 134
Anishinaabe philosophy 31
Anishinaabe responsibilities 182
Anishinaabe smudging ceremony 25
Anishinaabe spirit 152
Anishinaabe spirit name 139, 163, 165, 209
Anishinaabe spirituality 152
Anishinaabe stages of life 136
Anishinaabe survivor 142
Anishinaabe Thought 5, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57
Anishinaabe tradition 71, 209, 213
Anishinaabe worldview 32, 58, 62
Anishinaabeg 75
Anishinaabek (plural of Anishinaabe) 18, 96, 107, 188, 190, 198, 200, 201, 204, 206, 208, 248, 259, 261
Anishinaabek children 18
Anishinaabek Creation story teachings 18
Anishinaabek maturation 188
Anishinaabek people 190, 198, 204, 208, 261
Anishinaabek territory 96
Anishinaabe-kwe (woman) 17, 22, 26, 27, 30, 34, 35, 44, 54, 70, 78, 79, 110, 127, 130, 139, 231, 271
Anishinaabemowin (Ojibway language) 13, 14, 22, 35, 54, 72, 137, 165, 213, 225, 226, 241, 245, 251
Anishinaabe-naakgonigewin (Natural Law) 13, 51
Anishinaabeness 132, 240, 260
Anishnaabemowin dialect 22
Antone, Robert 41
Antonovsky, Aaron 116, 117
Archibald, Jo-Ann 53, 54
Assembly of First Nations 25, 93, 98, 229, 230
Assimilate 84, 124, 234, 239
Assimilation 26, 86, 87, 88, 235, 236
Assimilation policy 88
Autonomy 114, 116
B
Baawaamin (animal helper) 13, 212
Bagot, Charles 85
Bailey, George 193
Baker, Patricia 175, 185
balance and good health 31
Balanced life 56
Band Council 222, 223
Band Councillor 223
Band Election code 225
band member 48, 97, 105
Band Senior Administrator 223
Barman, Jean 50, 134, 137
Battiste, Marie 23, 25, 49, 50, 134, 137, 209, 210, 219
Bawating 96
Bay of Fundy 132
Beboon (winter) 49
Beck, Peggy V. 233
Being 10, 13, 22, 23, 27, 32, 34, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 46, 48, 51, 52, 60, 72, 75, 81, 89, 114, 117, 133, 134, 135, 137, 139, 140, 153, 154, 158, 159, 163, 184, 190, 201, 202, 208, 212, 213, 234, 236, 238, 240, 245, 246, 252, 255, 259, 261
Benard, Bonnie 116, 131
Benton-Banai, Edward 42, 43, 52, 140
BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) 196
Biidaaban Ntam Bi Yaad (the first one out, the light before the dawn) 139, 271
Bineshiinh (the Thunderbird) 14, 48
Bird Clan of the Ojibway and Odawa First Nations of Canada 22
Bird, Ann 10, 14, 22, 35, 37, 44, 45, 48, 49, 192, 226
birth family 190, 192
Bkejwanong 69, 103, 224
Bkejwanong Attachment Awareness Team 224
Bkejwanong Territory 69, 103, 224
Blackbird, Jennie 10, 226
Blondin-Perrin, Alice 94, 147, 190, 191
boarding school system 88
Boileau, Sonia Bonspille 95, 246
Boissoneau, Ron 98
Boldt, Menno 84, 86
Bonspille, Mitchell Morris 95, 246
Bopp, Judie 32
Bopp, Michael 32
Borrows, John 82, 84, 85, 222
Bravery 10, 27, 43, 68, 140, 157, 244
British Isles 88
British North America Act of 1867 86
Brock 96
Brown, Lee 32, 87, 89, 126, 127, 148, 168, 169, 173, 178, 179, 184
Bruyere, Gord 127
Bryce, Peter 17
Bryce Report 17
bskaabi-miigwewin wiijkiiwendiwin (reciprocal relationships) 13, 67
Buhkwuijene, Henry 97
Butterfly, Christine 149
C
Cachagee, Clarence 155
Cachagee, Michael (Mike) 10, 74, 82, 83, 101, 102, 149, 155, 157, 172, 175, 178, 255, 256, 261
Cajete, Greg 63, 84
Calliou, Sharilyn 50, 137
Canadian government residential school system 168
Canadian history 21
Canadian Indian 28, 44
Canadian society 87, 97
Capitalism 85
Cardinal, Lewis 41, 63, 238
Carlisle Industrial School 87
Castellano, Marlene Brant 59, 60, 76, 240, 249, 250
Cattle truck 89
Cellular memory 58, 60, 62, 76, 238, 251
Centred soul 25, 226
Ceremony 23, 25, 33, 45, 61, 63, 64, 65, 68, 70, 79, 165, 186, 188, 189, 190, 195, 208, 209, 211, 212, 231, 243, 247
Chansonneuve, Deborah 86, 229
Chapel 174
Chaplain 212
Chapleau (see St. John’s Residential School) 100, 222
Chapleau Cree First Nation 82
Chatham-Kent YMCA Peace Medallion Award 221
Cherokee 41, 234
Cherokee Nation 41
CHEX TV 95
Chi 10, 113
Chief Shingwauk 28, 96, 98, 100, 224
Chief Shingwaukonce 96
Children 9, 10, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 43, 51, 52, 54, 55, 66, 69, 73, 75, 81, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 94, 97, 99, 100, 102, 105, 114, 115, 122, 124, 125, 129, 130, 133, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 157, 158, 164, 165, 167, 168, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 178, 190, 196, 198, 199, 200, 203, 206, 216, 220, 225, 227, 231, 235, 236, 237, 241, 243, 246, 252, 253, 254, 271
Children of Shingwauk Alumni Association 15, 81, 100
chi-megweetch 9
Chippewa 234
Chrisjohn, Roland 25, 88
Christian 15, 83, 85, 187, 212
Christian Elder 212
Christian minister 212
Christianization 85
Christmas 147, 174
Church 82, 83, 85, 97, 98, 102, 161
Chute, Janet 96, 97
Circle 25, 29, 32, 34, 43, 45, 46, 49, 50, 51, 62, 68, 88, 93, 94, 99, 100, 102, 106, 109, 127, 134, 137, 156, 187, 204, 213, 219, 232, 233, 234, 241, 243, 244, 254, 255, 257
Citizenship 88
Civilization 85, 86, 87, 88
Clan 13, 22, 33, 48, 91, 137, 140, 182, 187, 200, 206, 218, 219
Clan System 140, 218
Cleansing ceremony 212
Coast Tsimshian First Nations 44
Collective wisdom 60
Colonial policy 81
Colonial society 86
Colonialism 81, 219, 250
Colonization 2, 25, 57, 81, 128, 207, 212, 218, 229, 243, 250
Colonizer 218
Community 9, 22, 24, 29, 41, 42, 47, 52, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 73, 74, 76, 78, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 114, 119, 120, 121, 125, 127, 130, 152, 159, 165, 168, 169, 182, 183, 187, 190, 191, 192, 193, 196, 199, 200, 204, 205, 206, 207, 210, 211, 215, 217, 218, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 229, 230, 233, 234, 239, 241, 244, 246, 249, 251, 252, 254, 260, 261, 271
Community Elder 211, 225
Community Elders Advisory Council 225
Community partner 70
Community powwow 222
Community resilience 120, 121
Community well-being 62
Community-based resiliency 114
Consent 10, 66, 73, 74, 82, 248
Constitution 85, 91, 92
Constitution Act, 1982 28
Constitution of Turtle Island 92
Cook-Lynn, Elizabeth 61
Cosmos 34, 52
Creation 18, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 51, 52, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 75, 106, 123, 137, 140, 145, 150, 208, 212, 236, 237, 248
Creation Story 18, 27, 33, 34, 40, 51, 58, 137, 140, 208, 236, 248
Creator 9, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 56, 75, 85, 94, 153, 182, 206, 209, 237, 239, 240, 246, 247, 260, 261
Creator’s vision 40
Cree 62, 82, 134, 156, 222, 248
Critical consciousness 131
Cruikshank, Julie 209
CSAA Reunion Advisory Committees 224
Cultural abuse 90
Cultural distinctiveness 23
Cultural expectations 65
Cultural genocide 17, 18, 19, 88
Cultural identity 44, 92, 132, 157, 182, 236
Cultural practices 60, 91, 127, 211
Cultural protocols 65
Culture 2, 22, 25, 51, 52, 53, 56, 61, 87, 88, 91, 93, 96, 102, 122, 125, 132, 145, 196, 198, 203, 204, 207, 214, 218, 221, 225, 242, 245, 246, 257, 258
Cunningham, Dorothy 74, 145
Curve Lake 34, 259
Cyrulnik, Boris 112, 113, 121, 131
D
Daes, Erica-Irene 23
Dan Pine Sr. Healing Lodge 102
Dance 21, 22, 32, 33, 45, 74, 79, 144, 145, 178, 200, 208, 209, 219, 226, 238, 259, 261
Dandeneau, Stephane F. 120
Danziger Jr., Edmund J. 196, 198
Davin, Nicholas Flood 87
Death 44, 144, 175, 224, 233
Debassige, Brent 123, 124, 132
Decolonization 207, 218, 229
Deconstruction 85
Deep listening 72, 76
Dei, George J. Sefa 59, 84, 89, 240, 259
Dell, Colleen 240
Deloria Jr., Vine 76, 77
Denham, Aaron 223, 238, 249, 250
Department of Health Promotion and Education 112
De-spiritualized 83
Developmental process 232
Diamond, Billy 222, 231, 244
Dockstator, Mark 49, 82, 248, 256
Doctrine of discovery 57, 84
Dodge, Garnet 225
Dodge, Uriah 104, 106
Dual obligation 65
Duran, Bonnie 92
Duran, Eduardo 92
E
Eagle Clan 48, 140
Earth being 39, 236, 261
Earth lodge 18
Easter 36, 47, 50, 51, 59, 66, 67, 137, 142, 170, 174, 188, 219, 224, 228, 232, 236, 256
Eastern door 51, 66, 137
Ebingishmok/Epingishmok (in the West direction) 14, 39, 40, 48
Economic system 92
Eder, Jeanne 17, 21, 29, 51, 52, 86, 87, 98, 179
Education 24, 33, 41, 49, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58, 62, 63, 68, 77, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 92, 94, 97, 112, 123, 124, 134, 137, 145, 204, 223, 224, 227, 235, 244, 251
Elder 10, 18, 22, 27, 32, 34, 41, 43, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 62, 64, 66, 67, 74, 75, 76, 79, 81, 84, 85, 91, 92, 95, 98, 109, 110, 126, 132, 134, 136, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 148, 154, 155, 156, 163, 164, 165, 167, 170, 182, 184, 188, 189, 191, 196, 200, 201, 206, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 230, 232, 237, 240, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 254, 255, 256, 258, 259
Elder Brother 141, 240
Elder/Healer 211
Elder/Teacher 211
Elderhood 136, 206, 210, 232
Ellerby, Jonathan H. 34, 57, 210, 211
Ellesmere Island 91
Energy 2, 3, 5, 10, 13, 14, 18, 20, 28, 29, 32, 43, 44, 46, 50, 57, 75, 76, 77, 79, 102, 108, 109, 111, 113, 114, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 153, 154, 157, 158, 159, 182, 184, 186, 200, 201, 206, 207, 208, 227, 229, 232, 233, 234, 236, 238, 240, 241, 242, 243, 247, 248, 250, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 258, 259, 260, 261
English language 154, 235, 251
English schooling 97
Enlightenment 51, 137
Epingishmok/Epingomook (the place where the sun sets in the west) 13, 39, 40, 48
Epstein, Irwin 118
Ermine, Willie 42, 57, 117, 134, 164, 210, 245
Ethical principles 206
Ethics 34, 62, 65
Experiential knowledge 60
Extreme power relations 98
F
Faith-based practices 26
Family 7, 9, 28, 32, 34, 43, 45, 46, 47, 53, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 73, 78, 99, 101, 102, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 127, 130, 137, 140, 143, 144, 145, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 159, 165, 168, 169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 182, 183, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 198, 200, 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, 214, 216, 220, 223, 227, 229, 230, 237, 241, 243, 244, 247, 252, 253, 254, 258, 259, 261
Family circle 137, 187
Family resiliency 117, 118, 120
Family Strengths 118
Family systems 118
Fasting 140, 159, 167, 212, 257
Federal government 17, 21, 29, 86, 87, 98, 179
Federal government of Canada 17, 29
Feeling language (anishinabiwin) 54, 251
First Instructions (See Original Instructions) 41
First Nation 2, 9, 10, 15, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 34, 44, 48, 49, 50, 64, 69, 70, 82, 86, 87, 93, 95, 96, 98, 102, 104, 105, 111, 124, 127, 131, 134, 137, 144, 145, 193, 200, 207, 218, 222, 223, 224, 229, 230, 233, 242, 244, 250, 259, 271
First Nation communities 22, 102, 230
First Nation individuals 93
First Nation language 25
First Nation people 93
First Nations 2, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 44, 49, 50, 86, 87, 93, 96, 98, 124, 131, 134, 137, 144, 145, 200, 207, 218, 223, 224, 229, 230, 242, 244, 250, 259
First Nations Ancestors 44
First Nations Day Schools 86, 145
First Nations children 145, 200
First Nations community 22
First Nations people 23, 218
First Nations populations 86
Fitzmaurice, Andrew 84
Fletcher, Billy 149
Flood 36, 37, 39, 87, 217
Fontaine, Phil 179
Foreign language 25
Formal school education 145
Fort Resolution, NW Territories 191
Fort William First Nation 96
Fortier, Mary 94
Fox Lake Reserve 82
Free trade 82
Freire, Paulo 131
Friesen, Val 53, 54
Full Moon Ceremony 159, 165, 190
Future Elders 95, 221, 222
G
Gaa-bi-zhewebak gchi-zhaazhe gchi-piitendaagwaad (our past matters) 13, 81
Gabriel, Wanda 231, 244
Gallagher, Colin 64
Garden River First Nation 98, 102
Garden River First Nation Community Centre 102
Garroutte, Eva Marie 41, 42
Gathering Strength – Canada’s Aboriginal Action Plan 29
Gchi-Manitou (The Creator) 75
Gchi-mikinaak (or gchi-mackinac) (The Turtle) 37
Gchi-minising 109
Genocide 17, 18, 19, 88
Ghost 139, 243
Gifts 17, 18, 27, 32, 33, 34, 58, 82, 111, 220, 238, 246, 251, 260
Giiwedinoong 49
Giizhigo-kwe (Sky Woman) 13, 36, 37, 38, 39
Girl Scouts of America 224
Goffman, Erving 98
Gone, Joseph 9, 33, 38, 93, 130, 151, 152, 162, 171, 217, 224, 226, 230, 235, 260, 261
Google Scholar 108
Goulet, Jean-Guy 155
Government agents 21
Government of Canada 2, 17, 26, 29
Graham, W. M. 111
Grand Entry 23
Grandchild 10, 73, 99, 102, 200, 203, 206, 209, 216, 227, 235, 237, 243, 253
Granddaughter 53, 139, 239
Grandfather 27, 33, 34, 42, 51, 70, 74, 76, 78, 136, 137, 140, 141, 157, 163, 164, 165, 183, 205, 209, 237, 238, 239, 246, 252
Grandmother 13, 14, 34, 39, 44, 46, 53, 138, 139, 142, 143, 156, 157, 189, 209, 227, 240, 260, 271
Grandparent 51, 72, 189, 209, 238, 253
Grandson 202
Grant, Agnes 94, 99
Grasso, Anthony J. 118
Graveline, Fyre Jean 62
Great Lakes 202, 239
Great Lakes Steel 202
Great Spirit 181, 183, 203
Gunderson 122
H
Haig-Brown, Celia 87, 89, 126, 127, 148, 168, 169, 173, 178, 179, 184
Harriet Jacobs Centre 220
Harrod, Howard L. 238
Hart, Michael Anthony 101, 127
Haudensaunee 36
Hawaiian epistemology 62
Hawley 118
Healer 55, 211
Healing Circle 68, 93, 99, 100, 102, 106
Healing medicine 18
Healing process 25, 232, 256, 259
Heart 7, 14, 18, 25, 29, 40, 54, 55, 56, 57, 68, 79, 84, 94, 108, 135, 139, 144, 146, 147, 191, 205, 207, 212, 235, 236, 239, 249, 255, 259
Henderson, James Youngblood 23, 209, 210
Henry, Geronimo 74, 84, 88, 97, 157, 177
Hiawatha First Nation 222
High Arctic 126
Hill’s ABCX Model 118
Historical stories 52
Holistic knowledge 60
Holling 122
Holmes, Leilani 84
Holy Order 145
Honesty 10, 27, 43, 54, 136, 140, 157
Horn, Shirley 74, 144, 178
Howard Sr., Ron 222, 258, 74
Hub 32
Hudson’s Bay Coast 126
Human 13, 17, 18, 22, 32, 35, 36, 39, 40, 41, 44, 51, 52, 56, 114, 116, 117, 127, 128, 132, 139, 153, 167, 190, 202, 223, 238, 240, 246
Humility 26, 27, 43, 50, 79, 140, 164, 184
I
Ideas 58, 61, 117
Identity 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 42, 44, 47, 52, 53, 62, 91, 92, 101, 116, 124, 125, 132, 154, 157, 182, 200, 204, 211, 225, 226, 229, 230, 236, 246, 257, 258, 260
Independent First Nations 224
Indian Act of 1876 21
Indian Affairs 88, 106, 111, 196
Indian agent 89, 138, 142
Indian industrial school system 87
Indian philosopher 77
Indian problem 88
Indian Residential School 17, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 67, 71, 81, 83, 89, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 103, 105, 126, 172, 192, 195, 215, 222, 224, 225, 233, 237, 271
Indian Residential School Conference 103
Indian Residential School Eastern Gathering Advisory Team 224
Indian Residential School Independent Assessment Process 192
Indian Residential School legacy 71
Indian Residential School Syndrome 224
Indian residential schools projects 17, 18, 19
Indigenous 2, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 32, 33, 34, 37, 41, 49, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 69, 72, 74, 78, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 107, 108, 113, 120, 122, 123, 125, 127, 130, 131, 133, 143, 144, 145, 148, 154, 204, 210, 211, 212, 219, 223, 224, 227, 230, 231, 237, 238, 240, 241, 242, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 253, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 261, 271
Indigenous Affairs and Northern Affairs Canada 85
Indigenous ancestors 33
Indigenous Celtic Tribes 88
Indigenous children 17, 18, 85, 87
Indigenous culture 93
Indigenous Elder 34, 57, 210, 211, 212
Indigenous Families 212
Indigenous knowledge 19, 23, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 72, 74, 89, 125, 204, 210, 240, 247, 251, 258, 259
Indigenous language 143, 148, 154, 241, 253
Indigenous methodologies 19, 62, 66
Indigenous people 2, 17, 18, 21, 23, 24, 25, 32, 37, 41, 58, 61, 65, 69, 78, 82, 84, 85, 88, 89, 90, 92, 120, 122, 125, 127, 130, 131, 133, 145, 204, 210, 219, 224, 227, 230, 237, 238, 248, 249, 250, 254, 256, 257, 258
Indigenous peoples’ identity 18
Indigenous peoples’ suicide crises 125
Indigenous perspective 41
Indigenous pharmacology 211
Indigenous practices 242
Indigenous process 93, 230
Indigenous scholarship 18
Indigenous testimonies 93
Indigenous testimony 93
Indigenous traditionalists 76, 133, 209
Indigenous traditions 25
Indigenous world views 92
Individual freedom 211
Individual resilience 117
Individual resiliency 120
Individual responsibility 62
Individualism 85
Indoctrination 145
Industrial school 87, 88
Inner energy 134
Inner fire 32
Inner space 134
Institutional work 211
Intergenerational impacts 29
Intergenerational trauma 232, 249
Intermarriage 140
Internal sovereignty 219
Interrelationships 44, 50
Intuition (cellular memory) 46, 55, 60, 62, 76, 242, 246
Inuit 22, 23, 28, 50, 69, 124, 125, 126
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami 69, 126
Inuvialuit Region 126
Invader 82
Isaac, Colette 120
Isaac, Patrick 10, 223
Island Board of Education 224
J
Jack, Agnes 49, 94, 98, 99
Jackson, Don 98, 99
Jacobs, Dean 105, 220
Jaine, Linda 174, 179, 238
Johnston, Basil 48, 75, 94, 140, 142, 143, 147, 150, 158, 185, 189, 190, 209, 254
Jones, Susie 7, 10, 25, 70, 73, 74, 99, 104, 107, 108, 111, 133, 137, 145, 150, 174, 213, 226, 228, 236, 241, 249, 257, 258, 259, 260
Journey 5, 10, 20, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 46, 58, 66, 68, 76, 95, 100, 103, 106, 122, 137, 155, 159, 186, 205, 206, 228, 231, 232, 233, 234, 246, 248, 251, 258, 259
K
Kamloops Indian Residential School 94
Kanan (Bones) 5, 13, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 58, 76, 133, 158, 234, 236, 248, 258
Kanan miinwaa nbagani-aasmaabkong (The Bones and the Bedrock) 13, 32, 58, 76, 258
Kauai Longitudinal Study 115, 122
Kauai, HI 115, 122
Kelsey-Hayes 202
Kill the Indian 84, 157
Kinship 41, 53, 133
Kinship responsibility 53
Kinunwa, Lionel 76, 251
Kipling, Gregory 94, 124
Kirmayer, Laurence J. 120, 229
Kitiga Migizi, Pike doodem (see Doug Williams) 34
Knockwood, Isabelle 94, 172
Knowing 5, 18, 19, 29, 33, 40, 60, 64, 68, 73, 75, 87, 90, 149, 155, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 195, 210, 242, 251, 253, 255, 260
Knowledge 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 18, 19, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 32, 33, 34, 42, 43, 46, 48, 51, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 82, 84, 89, 92, 99, 101, 102, 111, 114, 116, 120, 125, 127, 128, 135, 140, 151, 155, 164, 183, 184, 185, 186, 191, 204, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 217, 219, 220, 221, 223, 225, 227, 229, 230, 231, 233, 240, 242, 244, 247, 249, 251, 255, 258, 259, 260
Knowledge Holder 60, 61, 206, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 229, 230, 231
Knowledge seekers 66
Knowledge transfer model 125
Knowlton, Stan 92
Kokum (or nookmis or gchi nookmis) (lit. “great grandmother”; but in reference to the Moon) 39
Korhonen, Marja 112, 125, 126
Kovach, Margaret 10, 62, 63, 64, 66, 248
Kulchyski, peter 87
L
Labour 88, 168
Labrador Coast 126
Lake Superior 22
Lampton-Kent District School Board 224
Land-based [Culture] 91, 237, 245
Land-based healing models 237
Lane Jr., Phil 32
Language 13, 22, 23, 25, 32, 49, 54, 56, 57, 60, 70, 72, 79, 91, 92, 93, 96, 102, 108, 109, 130, 133, 134, 135, 143, 148, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 165, 167, 193, 199, 204, 208, 213, 217, 218, 225, 226, 235, 240, 241, 242, 244, 245, 251, 253, 254, 257
Language-based [Culture] 91, 245
Lapeer County Citizen Probation Council 224
Lapeer County Community Credit Union 224
Leckie, Keith Ross 95
Lee, Scott 50
Legal system 92
Life and spirit 31
Life energy 18
Life force 2, 3, 5, 10, 14, 18, 20, 28, 29, 32, 43, 46, 57, 77, 79, 102, 108, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 153, 154, 157, 158, 159, 182, 184, 186, 200, 201, 205, 206, 207, 208, 227, 229, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 241, 247, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 258, 261
Life force energy 2, 3, 5, 10, 14, 18, 20, 28, 29, 32, 43, 46, 57, 77, 79, 102, 108, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 153, 154, 157, 158, 159, 182, 184, 186, 200, 201, 206, 207, 227, 229, 232, 234, 236, 238, 241, 247, 252, 254, 255, 256, 258, 261
Life path 20, 29, 33, 34, 55, 75, 139, 247
Little Bear, Leroy 31, 43, 44, 50, 247, 258
Local authority 75
locus of control 115, 117, 121
Longboat, Dan 40, 91, 94
Longboat, Jan Kahehti:io 91, 94, 245
Love 2, 9, 10, 17, 27, 34, 43, 45, 51, 56, 64, 110, 138, 139, 140, 141, 157, 176, 198, 210, 227, 228, 234, 238, 241, 243, 244, 252, 253, 258, 260, 261
M
M’Chigeeng 155
Maam’pee Day’aaw’meh Kay’ah’beh (We Are Still Here) 104
Maawndoobiigenin kendaaswin (gathering knowledge) 13, 71
Manitoulin Island 22, 155
Manore, Jean 97
Maraun, Michael 25, 88
Matron 149, 153, 172
Matthew, Robert 94
Maybury-Lewis, David 89
McCormick, Roderick 249, 250
McCubbin, Hamilton I. 117, 118
McCubbin, Marilyn A. 117, 118
McCubbin’s Resilience Model 118
McGowan, Dave 95
McLaren, Nadia 95
McLeod, Yvonne 56, 202
Means, Russell 22, 25, 32, 34, 36, 39, 52, 57, 63, 65, 67, 79, 82, 91, 93, 103, 112, 113, 120, 123, 127, 129, 178, 189, 196, 208, 227, 229, 244, 252, 254, 255
Medicine 18, 19, 25, 27, 29, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 58, 59, 60, 66, 67, 74, 132, 136, 137, 142, 156, 157, 170, 188, 211, 219, 228, 232, 247, 248, 251, 254, 256, 259
Medicine people 27, 247, 251, 259
Medicine Wheel 19, 27, 29, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 58, 59, 60, 66, 67, 137, 142, 170, 188, 219, 228, 232, 248, 256
Megweetch 9, 10, 13, 261
Memorial wall 71, 95, 104, 105, 106, 220
Mental Abuse 90
Mental health 2, 115, 229
Metaphorical knowledge 60
Metaphorical language 60
Methodist 72, 85
Methodist education 85
Métis 2, 22, 23, 28, 62
Meyer, Manu Aluli 33, 61, 62, 63
Michilimackinac, MI 37
Michipicoten 10, 22, 48, 271
Michipicoten First Nation 10, 48
Migizi ow Kwe (Eagle Woman) 22
Mihesuah, Devon A. 53, 61
Miigwech/Meegweetch 13, 20, 251, 252, 261
Miigweyan neyaab 13, 78
Miller, Dianne 41
Miller, James Rodger 85, 89, 94
Miller, Robert J. 82
Milloy, John S. 84, 85, 86, 88, 94, 168
Mind 10, 11, 18, 25, 33, 34, 40, 41, 48, 51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 60, 64, 73, 76, 93, 98, 99, 101, 104, 107, 110, 125, 131, 133, 139, 140, 143, 149, 153, 157, 174, 175, 183, 193, 207, 208, 212, 216, 229, 240, 246, 258, 260
Mino-bimaazidiwin (foundation of living) 234, 236
Mississaugas of Curve Lake First Nation 34
Mnidoo Bemaasing Bemaadiziwin (Life Force Energy) 2, 5, 10, 13, 14, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 111, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 123, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 201, 202, 204, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 241, 242, 244, 246, 247, 248, 250, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 258, 260, 261, 264, 268, 270
Models of resiliency 120
Mohawk 72, 87, 91, 105, 106, 129, 157, 177, 216, 217, 231, 244
Mohawk Institute 72, 105, 129, 157, 177
Mohawk Institute Residential School 129
Momaday, N. Scott 240
Monture-Angus, Patricia 87
Moose Factory 83, 100
Mother 2, 10, 13, 14, 22, 27, 31, 33, 34, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 51, 53, 55, 67, 72, 74, 79, 84, 118, 129, 138, 139, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 149, 150, 155, 156, 157, 183, 189, 193, 196, 197, 198, 200, 209, 212, 227, 235, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 246, 260, 271
Mother Earth 2, 27, 31, 33, 34, 40, 41, 51, 55, 67, 79, 84, 155, 236, 237, 246, 260
Mother’s womb 212
Motion 17, 31, 41, 44, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 68, 75, 92, 95, 110, 112, 114, 117, 121, 125, 146, 147, 154, 175, 176, 196, 199, 201, 222, 226
Mount Elgin 72, 217
Mountie (see RCMP) 138, 163
Mukqua (bear) 49
Muncey 161
Mushole (AKA the Mohawk Institute Residential School) 129, 179, 220
Mutual sovereignty 82
Myers, Brian 41
Mythological stories 52
N
Nabigon, Herb 32, 49, 56, 153, 240
NAIA (North American Indian Association) 15, 198
Naming 159, 209, 212
Nanaboozhoo (trickster) 14, 83
Narrative knowledge 60
Narrative language 60
Native American population 198
Native American Studies 61
Native ceremonies 44
Native Children 97
Native kids 130, 151
Native people 2, 41, 45, 48, 52, 87, 238
Native youth 97
Natural Law 13, 27, 51, 84, 236, 237
Natural process 72, 75, 131, 208, 236
Nbagani-aasmaabkong (The Bedrock) 13, 14, 29, 31, 32, 33, 43, 44, 58, 76, 133, 158, 234, 236, 248, 258
Nee-zho-day’ (twin) 42
Network of relations 43, 119
New Structure for Social Services 104
Nichol, Rosemary 10, 87, 123
Nimii-puu (Nez Perce) Leader, Chief Joseph 44
Nipissing First Nation 96
Nishnob 239
Nokiiwin e-zhimaajiihkag 5, 14, 58
Nokiiwin zhiitaang (work preparation) 70
Nonhuman 41
Non-Indigenous 25, 113, 130, 133, 256, 257, 261
Non-Indigenous people 25, 257
Non-resilient communities 125
Non-traditional practices 26
North America 15, 23, 28, 37, 81, 86, 91, 108, 198, 236
North American Indian 15, 198, 236
Northern door 56, 206
Nsastamowin mnidoo bemaasing bemaadiziwin (understanding life force energy) 108
Nunavik 126
Nunavut 69, 126
Nunavut Research Institute 69
Nurturing process 60
O
Odeh (heart; heartbeat; inner fire) 14, 135
Ojibway 13, 14, 22, 42, 48, 52, 54, 140, 189, 190, 209, 217, 218, 235, 254
Ojibway Clan System 218
Ontario Hospital Association 223
Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) 161
Ontario’s Residential Schools 95
Ontology 31, 61, 62
Oppression 18, 121, 127, 128, 131
Oral histories 56
Oral History 53
Oral Tradition 34, 51, 52, 84, 209, 238
Original Instructions (AKA First Instructions) 27, 33, 34, 41, 42, 49, 51, 54, 70, 85, 137, 237, 248
Other 23, 61
Outsider 64, 70
Ownership 66, 85, 87
P
Path of Life Continues 6, 29, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261
Peacemakers 36
Peer 73, 99, 122, 143, 148, 168, 174, 183, 224
Pelican Indian Residential School 237
Personal knowledge 60
Personal stories 60
Philosophy 31, 44, 50, 57, 61, 92, 211
Physical abuse 126
Physical body 45
Physical existence 42
Pikwakanagan 96
Pine Sr., Dan 98, 102
Pitawanakwat, Lillian 56
Pittman, Bruce 95
Pluralism 211
Policy 26, 80, 81, 85, 87, 88, 112, 125, 202, 223
Porter, Tom 143, 154
Positive self-concept 115
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 226
Potawatomi 234, 235
Poverty 114, 115, 120, 133, 197, 250
Poverty level 133
Power 20, 23, 32, 39, 41, 46, 50, 56, 77, 98, 110, 111, 116, 121, 126, 127, 128, 143, 147, 154, 155, 192, 212, 217, 244, 249, 250, 254
Power relations 98
Powwow 22, 222
Practical knowledge 211
Pratt, Richard Henry 84, 87, 88, 157
Predator 158, 172
Pre-destined life 33
Preknowledge 48, 140
Pride 2, 23, 226, 227, 243
Problem solving 92, 116
Profit-LeBlanc, Louise 53
ProQuest Theses and Dissertations 108
Protective factors 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 124, 125
Prucha, Francis Paul 84, 157
Public knowledge 57, 210
Public Works 223
Punishment 94, 130, 143, 144, 145, 157, 176, 217, 254
Purification ceremony 212
Q
Quanta 113, 256
Quebec Cree 222
R
R.S. Company 202
Racism 94, 128
Racist policy 87
Reciprocal relationships 13, 51, 67, 248, 251
Reclamation 20, 81, 90, 91, 93, 94, 207, 225, 227, 230, 252, 254, 256, 257
Red Road 230
Relational accountability 19, 62, 63, 64, 65, 70
Relationship 5, 13, 14, 19, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 34, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 50, 51, 52, 53, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 79, 84, 85, 90, 101, 103, 114, 116, 118, 119, 124, 131, 133, 149, 150, 152, 165, 168, 177, 178, 189, 190, 200, 201, 205, 208, 210, 219, 236, 237, 247, 248, 251
Religious institutions 88
Report on the Memorial Wall Project 95, 105
Reservation 88, 197, 198, 199, 234
Reserve land 86
Residential school experience 25, 88, 90, 94, 111, 134, 152, 212, 222, 232
Residential school policy 88
Residential School Settlement Agreement 89
Residential school survivor 2, 3, 7, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 58, 67, 68, 70, 74, 79, 81, 94, 95, 103, 108, 111, 132, 133, 179, 192, 207, 219, 220, 221, 222, 228, 231, 232, 233, 243, 244, 247, 256, 258, 261, 271
Residential school system 19, 26, 29, 79, 84, 108, 132, 168, 172
Resilience 2, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 53, 67, 94, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 181, 207, 218, 229, 231, 238, 244, 250, 251, 256
Resiliency 2, 3, 19, 20, 22, 27, 28, 70, 71, 72, 73, 78, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 157, 171, 216, 217, 233, 236, 238, 239, 240, 242, 245, 248, 252, 256, 257, 258, 261, 271
Resiliency Network 122
Resiliency research 114, 120, 122
Resiliency theory 107, 108, 112, 113, 114, 125, 135, 271
Resilient communities 125
Resilient reintegration 113
Resistance 5, 18, 20, 29, 65, 87, 89, 119, 120, 126, 127, 128, 148, 155, 158, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 178, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 238, 241, 252, 253, 254, 259
Resistance knowledge 127, 128
Respect 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 34, 41, 43, 47, 48, 52, 54, 55, 56, 61, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 82, 85, 100, 106, 135, 136, 140, 141, 152, 164, 165, 172, 182, 183, 200, 210, 213, 219, 221, 222, 237, 244, 245, 246, 251, 257
Responsibility 26, 27, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 48, 51, 53, 55, 56, 62, 63, 65, 66, 69, 70, 73, 76, 100, 101, 103, 136, 141, 154, 165, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 190, 193, 209, 220, 223, 226, 236, 237, 240, 241, 243, 245, 246, 248, 253, 260
Restorative justice 93
Reunion committee 69, 99
Revealed knowledge 46, 59, 67, 72, 76, 77, 79, 135, 233, 247, 251
Reyhner, Jon 51, 52
Rez (see reserve) 177
Rice, Brian 49, 56, 84, 113, 260
Richardson, Boyce 82
Richardson, Glenn E. 112, 113, 114, 115, 121, 134, 256
Risk factors 114, 115, 123, 125
Rite of passage 164, 165
Ritual 17, 23, 26, 31, 32, 41, 42, 44, 49, 54, 56, 61, 76, 83, 90, 92, 97, 101, 110, 113, 118, 121, 123, 131, 132, 133, 135, 137, 140, 151, 152, 153, 154, 157, 159, 189, 190, 201, 206, 208, 210, 211, 212, 217, 229, 230, 236, 237, 240, 243, 246, 250, 255, 258, 260
Ross, Jack 49
Ross, Jane 49
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) 15, 89
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1996 (RCAP) 15, 28, 84, 87, 90, 91, 108
Ryerson, Egerton 85
S
Sacred medicines 25
Sacredness of process 19
Saleebey, Dennis 114
Salt, David Andrew 122
Salutogenic model 117
Sands, Daniel 18, 181, 192
Sarnia, ON 96, 103, 203
Sault Locks 146
Sault Ste. Marie, ON 24, 71, 78, 96, 97, 98, 103, 204
Scarlet fever 178
Schiraldi, Glenn 226
Scholar’s Portal 108
School authorities 152
School education 145
School Truck 89
Sehdev, Megha 120
Self 19, 22, 23, 31, 43, 47, 49, 52, 56, 58, 61, 62, 65, 67, 79, 82, 84, 96, 100, 113, 115, 116, 117, 120, 123, 125, 127, 131, 133, 134, 138, 140, 153, 154, 166, 167, 170, 171, 175, 185, 187, 192, 204, 207, 210, 215, 226, 227, 235, 248, 249, 250, 251, 257, 258, 259
Self-actualization 113
Self-concept 115
Self-efficacy 117, 120
Self-identification 23
Sense of purpose 116, 171
Serpent Mounds Trust 222
Settlement Agreement Focus Group 224
Settler 37, 82, 84, 85, 96
Seven Grandfathers Teachings 27, 33, 34, 42, 51, 70, 74, 76, 78, 136, 137, 140, 157, 163, 164, 165, 183, 205, 209, 237, 252
Sexual abuse 29, 192
Sexuality 165, 189
Shawnoodin, neebin (summer wind) 48
Shingwauk, Augustin 97
Shingwauk 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 66, 68, 69, 72, 78, 81, 89, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 122, 123, 144, 148, 149, 150, 152, 153, 169, 173, 174, 176, 177, 180, 181, 192, 193, 195, 197, 198, 199, 204, 208, 213, 218, 222, 223, 224, 229, 243, 246, 253, 255, 259, 260
Shingwauk Alumni 15, 22, 24, 66, 81, 100, 101, 102, 243
Shingwauk Alumni Association 15, 24, 81, 100
Shingwauk Archives 66, 148, 149, 152, 193
Shingwauk Education Trust 224
Shingwauk Family 68, 69, 102, 122, 123, 204, 223, 229, 259
Shingwauk Hall 97, 98
Shingwauk Home for Boys 96
Shingwauk Indian Residential School 24, 81, 95, 96, 98, 105, 195
Shingwauk Project 78, 97, 98, 106, 181, 204
Shingwauk Project Archive 78, 98, 181
Shingwauk Residential School 21, 23, 26, 122, 149, 173, 177, 192, 222, 243, 253
Shingwauk residential school survivors 23, 26
Shingwauk reunion 68, 69, 98, 99, 208
Shingwauk School 98, 99, 103, 105, 144, 150, 176
Shingwauk students 98
Shingwauk University 101
Shingwauk’s sons 97
Shingwauk’s vision 28, 89, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100, 101
Shiva, Vandana 89
Shoo-pii (Turtle Island or Great Turtle; North America) 13, 36, 37, 38, 39, 51, 80, 82, 91, 92, 96, 106, 107, 242, 249, 250
Shubenacadie Residential School 172
Sik-Ooh-Kotoki Friendship Society 92
Simpson, Leanne Betasamosake 40, 41, 81, 84, 92
Sir James Dunn Secondary School 98
Sky Woman 27, 36, 40
Smith, Jeff 53, 54
Smith, Linda Tuhiwai 63, 65, 66, 92, 93, 101
Smith, Ruth S. 115, 133
Smolewski 249
Social competence 116
Social Services 104, 224
Social structure 91, 245, 250
Socio-political oppression 18
Soul 10, 25, 87, 95, 100, 133, 134, 139, 154, 155, 157, 158, 226, 254, 255, 256, 257, 261
Soul travel 154, 155, 157, 255, 256, 257, 261
Southern door 52, 67, 159
Sovereignty 82, 83, 219
Spanish, ON 100, 109, 142, 150, 185
Special treatment 144, 145
Spirit 10, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 60, 61, 67, 70, 71, 74, 76, 77, 83, 90, 92, 95, 97, 100, 101, 110, 113, 121, 123, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 139, 140, 151, 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 163, 164, 165, 172, 181, 183, 201, 203, 205, 206, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 217, 218, 220, 222, 229, 230, 234, 236, 237, 240, 243, 246, 249, 250, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 260, 261
Spirit beings 42, 140
Spirit name 139, 163, 165, 209
Spirit naming 159
Spirit partner 36
Spirit world 33, 34, 36, 74, 77, 139, 211, 257, 261
Spirits 18, 35, 39, 40, 54, 71, 83, 134, 164, 249, 255
Spiritual abuse 90
Spiritual Anishinaabe 240
Spiritual existence 42
Spiritual teachers 56, 206
Spirituality 32, 44, 61, 123, 132, 133, 152, 157, 208, 217, 229, 236, 240, 260
St. Joseph’s [Roman Catholic Mission] Residential School 109, 111, 222
Standing Buffalo Warrior 94
Standingready, Cliff 94
Steinhauer, Patricia 58, 60, 61, 63, 65, 76, 251
Sterling, Shirley 94
Stewardship 41, 42, 49
Story 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 40, 43, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60, 61, 66, 68, 73, 78, 79, 81, 82, 85, 89, 94, 95, 103, 104, 106, 109, 110, 123, 127, 128, 131, 137, 140, 141, 142, 152, 155, 180, 182, 183, 185, 192, 196, 208, 209, 210, 213, 216, 217, 221, 231, 236, 237, 238, 244, 248, 249, 250
Story maker 19
Storyteller 19, 53, 182
Storytelling 32, 34, 43, 51, 52, 60, 66, 140, 182, 208, 209, 237
Stout, Madeline Dion 94, 124
Sturgeon Lake First Nation 134
Substitute family 122, 123, 150, 168, 229
Suicide 125, 126, 214, 225
Suicide crises 125
Summer 48, 55, 152, 173, 174, 186, 187, 193
Survivor 2, 3, 6, 7, 11, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 43, 58, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 81, 82, 89, 90, 93, 94, 95, 96, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 123, 124, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 155, 157, 158, 159, 163, 168, 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 209, 211, 213, 214, 215, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 237, 238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 261, 271
Suspended judgment 76, 77
Sweat lodge 23, 68, 100, 102, 212, 231, 243, 257
Sweat lodge ceremony 23, 68, 212, 231
T
Taboo 25
Taken 5, 24, 26, 29, 68, 72, 76, 78, 89, 91, 98, 99, 102, 106, 125, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 158, 173, 182, 190, 196, 200, 217, 223, 229, 249, 252, 254, 259
Teacher 27, 34, 52, 56, 76, 96, 138, 145, 180, 206, 208, 210, 211, 213, 214, 247, 251, 254
Tecumseh 96, 105, 223
Tecumseh Community Development Corporation 223
Terra Nullius (land belonging to no one) 84
The doctrine of discovery 57
The smudging 25, 68
Theories of resiliency 113
Theory of creation and re-creation 35
Thompson, Anne I. 117
Three Day Healing Circles 100
Thriving 116
Thunder Bay 96
Thunderbird, Shannon 14, 44, 45, 48
Timmins Native Friendship Centre 47
Titley, Brian 88, 111
To kill the Indian 157
Tobacco 46, 62, 64, 75, 79, 156, 208, 212, 213, 231, 247, 259
Tobacco Ceremony 247
Total institutions 98
Totem 140
Traditional Teacher 27, 56, 206, 247, 251
Traditional Teachings 2, 19, 27, 51, 67, 68, 71, 74, 135, 209, 233, 236, 239, 242, 248
Traditional Anishinaabe stages of life 136
Traditional ceremonies 25, 45, 205, 257
Traditional child-rearing practices 211
Traditional diet 211
Traditional Elders 212
Traditional healing methods 212
Traditional hunting patterns 211
Traditional indigenous practices 26
Traditional knowledge 34, 59
Traditional protocols 19, 34, 62, 65, 66, 69, 73, 75, 76, 164, 236, 251
Traditional Teachings 2, 19, 27, 51, 67, 71, 74, 135, 200, 209, 233, 236, 239, 242, 248
Traditional values 56, 206
Traditionalist 76, 133, 209
Trait trap 125
Transformation 6, 20, 23, 29, 44, 53, 182, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 218, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 229, 231
Transition 6, 20, 29, 115, 118, 119, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 235, 253
Trauma 17, 18, 24, 86, 90, 112, 127, 139, 173, 174, 191, 198, 199, 207, 213, 218, 226, 229, 232, 238, 249, 250, 256
Treaty 2, 24, 31, 44, 82, 84, 85, 247
Treaty relationship 24
Tribal affiliation 86
Tribal survival 45
Tribal traditions 51
Truth 15, 17, 21, 22, 26, 27, 43, 44, 71, 76, 79, 90, 94, 95, 102, 128, 135, 136, 140, 157, 183, 192, 201, 208, 209, 229, 232, 249, 255
Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) 15, 21, 71, 90, 128, 130, 134
Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s 2012 Interim Report 90
Tuberculosis 175, 178
Tuktoyaktuk 126
Turmel, Theresa 2, 3, 17, 18, 19, 108, 271
Turtle Island (See Shoo-pii)
U
Union of Ontario Indians 96
Unresolved trauma 90
Unseen 45, 68, 210
Upper Canada Legislative Assembly 85
V
Valaskakis, Gail Guthrie 207, 229
van Breda, Adrian 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121
Vanistendael, Stefan 112
Victim restoration 93
Victimhood 131
Vision 25, 28, 38, 40, 49, 54, 60, 66, 76, 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 103, 111, 139, 140, 155, 174, 179, 204, 212, 219, 221, 238, 246, 257
W
Waabin (winds coming from the four directions) 48
Waabun (morning) 48
Walker, Brian Harrison 122
Wallaceburg District Secondary School (WDSS) 15, 95, 220, 221, 222
Wallaceburg District Secondary School Future Elders Program 95
Walpole Island 9, 15, 22, 26, 27, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 78, 81, 95, 103, 104, 105, 111, 173, 177, 194, 197, 203, 217, 218, 220, 221, 223, 226, 233, 249, 261, 271
Walpole Island children 105
Walpole Island First Nation 9, 15, 22, 26, 27, 69, 70, 95, 104, 105, 111, 233, 271
Walpole Island First Nation Chief and Council 70
Walpole Island Residential School Survivors Group (WIRSSG) 15, 24, 27, 28, 29, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 81, 95, 103, 106, 108, 133, 213, 220, 222
Walters, Anna Lee 233
War of 1812-14 96
Wasakajec/Wesakejig (the trickster) 14, 83
Washburn, Carol 50
Water Beings 27, 40
Wawa, ON 22, 56, 97
Wawanosh Home 97
WDSS Future Elders 222
Weber-Pillwax, Cora 63, 65
Weedjeewaugun (companion; Companion on the Path of Life; he who goes with; she who walks with) 14, 189
Well-being 40, 62, 117
Welsh 88
Werner, Emmy 115, 122, 133
Wesley-Esquimaux, Cynthia 207, 218, 229, 231, 244, 249
Western door 55, 186
Western knowledge 258
Western society 61
White people 14, 83, 192
Whitemen 88
Whiteye, Enos 94
Whitley, Rob 120
WIFN Future Elders Program 221
WIFN Secondary School Program 221
Wigwam 96, 133, 235, 236
Wiijiiwaagan (going to be joined; betrothed) 14, 189
Wiijikiiwendiwin miininwaa kendaaswin 58
Wikwemikong 22
Wildcat, Daniel 77
Wilkins, Kerry 31, 247
Williams, Doug 10, 34, 48, 49, 55, 75, 76, 85, 134, 135, 139, 140, 141, 164, 167, 188, 189, 201, 208, 209, 211, 212, 240
Williams, Shirley Ida 10, 20, 22, 54, 67, 75, 109, 110, 132, 143, 145, 148, 154, 155, 165, 167, 184, 189, 191, 196, 225, 226, 227, 230, 245, 251, 254, 255, 256, 258
Williams Jr., Robert A. 84
Wilshere, John 122
Wilson, Angela Cavender 52, 53
Wilson, Edward 97
Wilson, Shawn 33, 61, 63, 64, 65, 70
Wisdom 27, 32, 33, 43, 56, 60, 61, 140, 183, 206, 208, 209, 231
Wisps of snow 83
Witchcraft 167
Wolin, Steven J. 243
Wolin, Sybil 243
Wong, Paul T.P. 249, 250
Worldview 22, 30, 31, 32, 34, 58, 62, 133
Y
Yazzie, Robert 219
YMCA Peace Medallion 221
Young, Sherri 25, 88
Young ones 10, 54, 131, 141, 149, 150, 154, 158, 183, 203, 209, 226
Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) 15, 187
Z
Zhaaganaash (white people) 14, 22, 88, 192, 214
Zhichigan zhitaang (project preparation) 14
Ziiqwan (a spirit) 14, 48
Zongwaadiziwin (strength of life) 14, 68, 251, 261