| Chih | One of the four basic virtues of Ju, Chih is wisdom. |
| Ju | The ethical and scholarly philosophy of the Confucians. |
| Jen | One of the four basic virtues of Confucian ethics, Jen is the compassion that enables one to identify with the joys and troubles of others. |
| Li | Another of the four basic virtues of Ju, Li is the correct understanding and practice of rites and ceremonies. |
| Tao | The Way, the Absolute, the Ultimate Principle. |
| Tien | Heaven. |
| Wu wei | Non-action, non-volitional living, obeying the Tao. |
| Yi | One of the four basic virtues of Ju, Yi is the sense of justice, responsibility, duty, and obligation to others. |
| Ying ning | Tranquillity in the action of non-action: a concept of Chuang Tzu. |
| Zen or Ch’an | A school of Mahayana Buddhism practicing direct intuition of the ground of being. |