Appendix I: SUN Nomenclature

Table A.1

SUN Working Group anatomical classification of uveitis

Type	Primary site of inflammation	Includes
Anterior	Anterior chamber	Iritis
		Iridocyclitis
		Anterior cyclitis
Intermediate	Vitreous	Pars planitis
		Posterior cyclitis
		Hyalitis
Posterior	Retina or choroid	Focal, multifocal or diffuse choroiditis
		Chorioretinitis
		Retinochoroiditis
		Retinitis
		Neuroretinitis
Panuveitis	Anterior chamber, vitreous, and retina or choroid

Adapted from Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT. Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(3): 509–16

Table A.2

SUN Working Group grading scheme for anterior chamber cells

Grade	Cells in fielda
0	<1
0.5+	1–5
1+	6–15
2+	16–25
3+	26–50
4+	>50

Adapted from Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT. Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(3): 509–16

^aField size is a 1 mm by 1 mm slit beam

Table A.3

SUN Working Group grading scheme for anterior chamber flare

Grade	Description
0	None
1+	Faint
2+	Moderate (iris and lens details clear)
3+	Marked (iris and lens details hazy)
4+	Intense (fibrin or plastic aqueous)

Adapted from Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT. Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(3): 509–16

Table A.4

SUN Working Group descriptors in uveitis

Category	Descriptor	Comment
Onset	Sudden
	Insidious
Duration	Limited	≤3 Months duration
	Persistent	≥3 Months duration
Course	Acute	Episode of sudden onset and limited duration
	Recurrent	Repeat episodes separated by periods of inactivity without therapy ≥3 months duration
	Chronic	Persistent with relapse in <3 months after discontinuing therapy

Adapted from Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT. Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(3): 509–16

Table A.5

SUN Working Group Activity of uveitis terminology

Term	Definition
Inactive	Grade 0 cells (in anterior chamber)
Worsening activity	2-Step increase in level of inflammation (i.e., anterior chamber cells, vitreous haze) or increase from grade 3+ to 4+
Improved activity	2-Step decrease in level of inflammation (i.e., anterior chamber cells, vitreous haze) or decrease to grade 0
Remission	Inactive disease for ≥3 months after discontinuing all therapy for eye disease

Adapted from Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT. Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(3): 509–16

Table A.6

Criteria for grading vitreous flare

Grade	Descriptors
0	No inflammation present
0.5+	Trace inflammation present (slight blurring of optic nerve margins, normal striations, and reflex of nerve fiber layer cannot be visualized)
1+	Mild blurring of the optic nerve and retinal vessels
2+	Optic nerve visible, borders blurred markedly
3+	Optic nerve head not visible
4+

Adapted from Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT. Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(3): 509–16

Table A.7

Criteria for grading vitreous cells

Grade	Number of vitreous cells
0	No cells
0.5+	1–10
1+	11–20
2+	21–30
3+	31–100
4+	>101

Adapted from Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT. Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(3): 509–16

Appendix II: Pharmacopeia

Table A.8

Systemic medications

Generic name (trade name)	Initial dose (route)	Maximum dose (route)	Mechanism
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)	1 mg/kg/day (PO) or 1 g/m2 (BSA) infusions q1–2 weeks (IV – pulse)	3 mg/kg/day (PO)	Alkylating agent (DNA crosslinking)
Chlorambucil (Leukeran)	0.15 mg/kg/day (PO)	18 mg/kg/day (PO)	Alkylating agent (DNA crosslinking)

Representative side effects	Lab test – baseline	Lab test – follow up	Comments
Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (acrolein induced), myelosuppression, reversible alopecia, infections, sterility, secondary malignancies, blurring of vision, elevated IOP	CBC and Diff, LFTs, BUN/Cr, UA	CBC and Diff q2 wks, LFTs, BUN/Cr, UA qmnth	The dose for IV infusions is titrated based upon changes in the total WBC count (aim 3500–4500 cells/μL). ANC >1,500 cells/μL, platelet counts >75,000/μL. Cascading trends of counts looked for at every infusion visit. Cryopreservation of sperms and eggs prior to induction PRN. Consumption of 2–4 liters of water daily. Malignancy associated with 76 g (cumulative dose) or 50 mg (daily dose) for more than 2 years.
Reversible myelosuppression (moderate, rapid, protracted), irreversible bone marrow aplasia, gonadal dysfunction, sterility, infections, secondary malignancies	CBC and Diff, LFTs	CBC and Diff q1–3 wks, LFTs q3–4 months	Routine prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia is advised in conjunction.

Generic name (trade name)	Initial dose (route)	Maximum dose (route)	Mechanism
Methotrexate (Folex, Mexate, Rheumatrex, Otrexup, Rasuvo)	7.5–15 mg/wk or 0.15 mg/kg/wk (Oral/SC)	20 mg/wk (PO), 50 mg/wk (SC) 200 mg/wk (IV)	Inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase
Azathioprine (Imuran)	1 mg/kg/day (PO – QD/BID)	3 mg/kg/day (PO)	Alters purine metabolism
Mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept), Mycophenolate sodium (Myfortic)	1 g (PO – divided dose), Sodium – 360 mg	3 g (PO – divided dose) Sodium – 760 mg (PO), on an empty stomach	Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor (purine synthesis)
Leflunomide (Arava)	100 mg QD × 3 then 20 mg QD or 0.01 mg/kg (PO)	10 mg/kg/day or 20 mg QD (PO)	Inhibits dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (pyrimidine synthesis)

Representative side effects	Lab test – baseline	Lab test – follow up	Comments
Ulcerative stomatitis, myelosuppression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia), GI distress, hepatotoxicity (hepatitis, cirrhosis), pulmonary toxicity, cutaneous vasculitis, fetal loss	CBC and Diff, LFTs BUN/Cr, UA	CBC and Diff q1–4 wks, LFTs, BUN/Cr, UA q3–6 wks	Alcoholism and outdoor activity to be avoided. Authors prefer administering doses of above 20 mg/wk by SC mode of administration. IV rescue doses are used sparingly. Administered along with folic acid or leucovorin.
Myelosuppression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia), GI distress, hepatitis, infections, pancreatitis	CBC and Diff, LFTs, BUN/Cr, TPMT activity	CBC and Diff-q1–4 wks, LFTs, BUN/Cr q3–6 wks	Check TPMT activity: avoid if absent or low.
GI distress, neutropenia , infection	CBC and Diff, LFTs, BUN/Cr	CBC and Diff q1–4 wks, LFTs, BUN/Cr q3–6 wks
Diarrhea, neurological effects

Generic name (trade name)	Initial dose (route)	Maximum dose (route)	Mechanism
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune, Neoral, SangCyA)	2.5–5 mg/kg/day (PO – divided dose)	10 mg/kg/day (PO)	Calcineurin inhibitor
Tacrolimus (Prograf, FK 506)	0.05 mg/kg/day (PO)	0.3 mg/kg/day (PO)	Calcineurin inhibitor
Sirolimus (Rapamune, Rapamycin)	Loading: 6 mg/day (PO), Maintenance: 2 mg/day	6 mg/day (PO)	mTOR pathway inhibitor

Representative side effects	Lab test: baseline	Lab test: follow-up	Comments
Nephrotoxicity, HT, hyperuricemia, DM, hypercholesterolemia, neurotoxicity, hirsutism, gum hyperplasia	CBC and Diff, BUN/Cr, Cr clearance, LFTs, fasting lipid profile and BP, trough level monitoring	CBC and Diff, BUN/Cr, LFTs, trough level monitoring, BP q1–3 weeks. Fasting lipid profile, Cr clearance q3mnth	Neoral has a greater bioavailability than Sandimmune, so its dose should be reduced by 20% when substituting the drug. Drug and food interactions.
Nephrotoxicity, HT, DM , neurotoxicity	Similar to cyclosporine	Similar to cyclosporine	Can be used in cyclosporine-resistant ocular inflammatory disorders. Drug and food interactions.
GI distress and dermatological manifestations, unknown	Similar to cyclosporine, quantitative urinary protein excretion monitoring	Similar to tacrolimus, periodic quantitative urinary protein excretion monitoring

Generic name (trade name)	Initial dose (route)	Maximum dose (route)	Mechanism
Adalimumab (Humira)	40 mg every other week after loading (SC)	40 mg qwk (SC)	Fully humanized Ig1 monoclonal anti-TNFα antibody
Infliximab (Remicade)	5–10 mg/kg (IV) q4wk after 2 loading doses in the 1st month (IV)	20 mg/kg (IV)	Chimeric IgG1κ anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody with a human constant & mouse variable region
Abatacept (Orencia)	500–1000 mg q4wk after 3 loading doses in the 1st month (IV) 125 mg qwk (SC)	1000 mg q4wk (IV) 125 mg qwk (SC)	Recombinant soluble fusion protein consists of extracellular domain of human CTLA-4 linked to modified Fc portion of human IgG1.
Certolizumab (Cimzia)	200 mg q2wk or 400 mg q4wk (SC)	400 mg q2wk (SC)	Recombinant human anti-TNFα antibody Fab′ fragment.
Anakinra (Kineret)	100 mg/day (SC)	100 mg/day (SC)	Humanized anti IL-1 receptor monoclonal IgG antibody.
Rituximab (Rituxan)	375 mg/m2 qwk × 8 then qmnth (IV)	500 mg/m2 (IV)	Genetically engineered chimeric IgG1κ murine/human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody.
Golimumab (Simponi)	50–100 mg qmnth after loading (SC)	100 mg qmnth (SC)	Human IgGκ anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody.
Tocilizumab (INN, Atlizumab, Actemra, Roactemra)	4 mg/kg (IV)	480 mg or 8 mg/kg q4wk (IV)	Recombinant humanized IgG1κ anti IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody.

Representative side effects	Lab test: baseline	Lab test – follow-up	Comments
Infections, injection site reactions, headache, rash, demyelinating disease, nonmelanoma skin cancers, TB and Hep B reactivation, drug-induced lupus less likely than with infliximab	CBC and Diff, LFTs, tuberculin testing, Hep B (if at risk)	CBC and Diff, LFTs qvisit, tuberculin testing q1yr, Hep B (if at risk) several months following therapy	Appears safe during pregnancy
Infections, infusion reaction, headache, rash, demyelinating disease, TB and Hep B reactivation, drug-induced lupus	CBC and Diff, LFTs, ANA, tuberculin testing, Hep B (if at risk)	CBC and Diff, LFTs qprior to each infusion, ANA q3mnth; tuberculin testing, Hep B (if at risk) q1yr	“Remicade reaction”: Flushing, lower back pain, chest tightness, tachycardia. Concomitant administration with methotrexate to decrease formation of human antichimeric antibodies
Infections, infusion, or injection site reaction, COPD exacerbation, headache, GI upset	CBC and Diff, LFTs	CBC and Diff, LFTs prior to each infusion
Infections, psoriatic form rashes, TB reactivation	CBC and Diff, LFTs, tuberculin testing, Hep B (if at risk)	CBC and Diff, LFTs prior to each infusion	Appears safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Infections, injection site reaction, rash, GI upset, arthralgia, myalgia	CBC and Diff, LFTs	CBC and Diff, LFTs
IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to murine proteins, 135, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity	CBC and Diff, CD20+ cells	Prior to each infusion: CBC and Diff, CD20+ cells
Infections, TB and Hep B reactivation, malignancies, heart failure, demyelinating disease, hypersensitivity reactions	CBC and Diff, LFTs, tuberculin testing, Hep B (if at risk)	CBC and Diff, LFTs
Infections, gastrointestinal perforation, leucopenia (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)	CBC and Diff, LFTs, fasting lipid profile, tuberculin testing	CBC and Diff, LFTs prior to each infusion, lipids q4–8wk	At initiation ANC >2000/μL, platelets >1,00,000/μL. Discontinue when ANC <500/μL, platelets <50,000 μL.

Generic name (trade name)	Initial dose (route)	Maximum dose (route)	Mechanism
Intravenous immunoglobulin	1–2 g/kg/cycle over 3 days (IV)	2.5 mg/kg split over 3 days (IV)	Intact IgG
Interferon-α 2a (Pegasys , Peginterferon α 2a, Pegintron)	3 million units/day or /3 times a week (SC/IM)	6 million units/day (SC/IM)	Immunomodulatory cytokine
Interferon-β 1a			Immunomodulatory cytokine

Representative side effects	Lab test: baseline	Lab test: follow-up	Comments
Aseptic meningitis, thromboembolism, risk of transmission of blood-borne infections, CHF			Anti-IgA immunization may occur. Proposed mechanism of action – multiple. OCP – IVIG 1 month prior to Rituximab, then qmnth until B cell levels return to normal. Thereafter, IVIg is administered at 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 weeks.
Fatal neuropsychiatric , autoimmune, ischemic and infectious disorders	CBC and Diff, LFTs, BUN/Cr		Discontinue if ANC <500/μL, platelets <25,000 μL.
Hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, autoimmune thyroiditis, flu-like symptoms, injection site reactions	CBC and Diff, LFTs, thyroid function tests	CBC, LFTs q4wk, thyroid function tests q3mnth

Abbreviations: qwk Every week, qmnth Every month, qyr Every year, qvisit Every visit, qprior each infusion Before every infusion, QD Once a day, BID Twice a day, TID Three times a day, QID Four times a day, GI Gastrointestinal, PO Per oral, SC Subcutaneous, IM Intramuscular, IV Intravenous, ANC Absolute neutrophil count, BUN/Cr Blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, CBC and Diff Complete and differential blood count, LFTs Liver function tests, TPMT Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UA Urine analysis

Table A.9

Mydriatics and cycloplegics

		Mydriasis		Cycloplegia
Generic name (trade name)	Strength (%)	Maximal (min)	Recovery (days)	Maximal (hour)	Recovery (days)
Atropine sulfate (multiple)	1	30–40	7–10	1–3	7–12
Scopolamine hydrobromide (multiple)	0.5	20–30	3–7	0.5–1	5–7
Homatropine hydrobromide (multiple)	1	40–60	1–3	0.5–1	1–3
Cyclopentolate hydrochloride (multiple)	0.5–1	30–60	1	0.5–1	1
Tropicamide (multiple)	0.5–1	20–40	0.25–1	0.5	<0.25
Phenylephrine hydrochloride (multiple)	0.5–1	20–60	3–6	None	None

Table A.10

Topical corticosteroids

Generic name (trade name)	Formulation
Dexamethasone alcohol (Decadron Phosphate)	0.1% suspension
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate	0.1% solution
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate ointment	0.05% ointment
Prednisolone acetate (Pred Forte, Econopred Plus, AK-Tate)	1.0% suspension
Prednisolone acetate (Pred Mild, Econopred)	0.12% suspension
Prednisolone sodium phosphate (Inflamase Forte, AK-Pred)	1% solution
Prednisolone sodium phosphate (Metreton)	0.5% solution
Prednisolone phosphate (Hydeltrasol)	0.5%, 0.25% ointment
Fluorometholone alcohol (FML)	0.1% or 0.25% suspension
Fluorometholone (FML SOP)	0.1% ointment
Medrysone (HMS)	1% suspension
Rimexolone (Vexol)	1% suspension
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera)	1% suspension
Rimexolone (Vexol)	1.0% suspension
Loteprednol etabonate (Lotemax)	0.5% suspension
Loteprednol etabonate (Alrex)	0.2% suspension
Loteprednol etabonate (Inflamase Mild)	0.12% solution
Difluprednate (Durezol)	0.05% emulsion

Table A.11

Regional corticosteroids

Generic name (trade name)	Dose (route)
Hydrocortisone-100–1000 mg powder (Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate)	50–125 mg (subconjunctival/subtenon)
Methylprednisolone sodium succinate-40 mg/ml, 125 mg/ml, 2 g/30 ml solution (Solu-medrol)	40–125 mg (subconjunctival/subtenon)
Methylprednisolone acetate-20–80 mg/ml (depot) suspension (Depo-medrol)	40–80 mg/0.5 ml (transseptal, retrobulbar)
Triamcinolone diacetate-25–40 mg/ml suspension (Aristocort)	40 mg (subconjunctival/subtenon)
Triamcinolone acetonide-10–40 mg/ml suspension (Kenalog)	40 mg (transseptal)
Triamcinolone acetonide-40 mg/ml (Triescense)	4 mg (intravitreal)
Dexamethasone acetate-6–16 mg/ml suspension (Decadron-LA)	4–8 mg (subconjunctival/subtenon/transseptal)
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate-4, 10, 24 mg/ml solution (Decadron Phosphate)	0.4 mg (retrobulbar, intravitreal)
Betamethasone acetate and sodium phosphate-3 mg/ml suspension (Celestone Soluspan)	1 mg (subconjunctival/tenon/transseptal)

Table A.12

Intravitreal corticosteroid implants

Generic Name (trade name)	Dose	Office procedure	Biodegradable	Maximum effectiveness	Lifespan
Dexamethasone (Ozurdex)	0.7 mg	Yes	Yes	1–3 months	6 months
Fluocinolone acetonide (Yutiq)	0.18 mg	Yes	No		18–36 months
Fluocinolone acetonide (Retisert)	0.59 mg	No	No		18–30 months

Table A.13

Systemic corticosteroids

Generic name (trade name)	Formulation	Duration of action
Hydrocortisone (Cortef)	5–20 mg tablet (PO), 10 mg/5 ml suspension (PO), 25 and 50 mg suspension (IM)	Short
Hydrocortisone (Hydrocortone Phosphate)	50 mg/ml solution (IM/IV)	Short
Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef)	100–1000 mg powder (IM/IV)	Short
Prednisone (Deltasone, Meticorten, Drasone)	1–50 mg tablet (PO)	Intermediate
Prednisone (Liquid Pred)	5 mg/ml solution (PO)	Intermediate
Prednisolone (Delta-Cortef)	1–5 mg tablet (PO)	Intermediate
Prednisolone (Prelone)	15 mg/ml syrup (PO)	Intermediate
Prednisolone acetate (Predalone)	25–100 mg/ml suspension (IM)	Intermediate
Prednisolone sodium phosphate (Hydeltrasol)	20 mg/ml solution (IM/IV)	Intermediate
Methylprednisolone (Medrol)	2–32 mg tablet (PO)	Intermediate
Methylprednisolone acetate (Depomedrol)	20–80 mg/ml suspension (IM)	Intermediate
Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solumedrol)	40–1000 mg powder (IM/IV)	Intermediate
Triamcinolone diacetate (Kenacort)	4 mg/5 ml (PO)	Intermediate
Triamcinolone diacetate (Aristocort)	1–8 mg tablet (PO), 40 mg/ml suspension (IM)	Intermediate
Triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog)	10–40 mg/ml suspension (PO)	Long
Dexamethasone sodium (Decadron)	0.25–6 mg tablet (PO), 0.5 mg/5 ml elixir (PO), 0.5 mg/5 ml solution (PO)	Long
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Decadron Phosphate)	4–24 mg/ml solution (IM/IV)	Long
Dexamethasone acetate (Decadron-LA)	8 mg/ml suspension	Long
Betamethasone (Celestone)	0.6 mg tablet (PO), 0.6 mg/5 ml syrup (PO)	Long
Betamethasone sodium phosphate (Celestone Phosphate)	3 mg/ml solution (IV)	Long
Betamethasone acetate (Celestone Acetate)	3–6 mg/ml suspension (IM)	Long
Betamethasone acetate and sodium phosphate (Celestone Soluspan)	3 mg/ml suspension each (IM)	Long

Table A.14

Oral NSAIDs

Class of drug	Generic name (trade name)	Dose
Salicylates	Aspirin (Multiple Brands)	650 mg q4hrs
	Diflunisal (Dolobid)	200–500 mg BID
Fenamates	Mefenamat (Ponstel)	250 mg QID
	Meclofenamate (Meclofen)	50–100 mg QID
Indoles	Indomethacin (Indocin)	25–50 mg TID-QID, 75 mg BID
	Sulindac (Clinoril)	150–200 mg BID
	Tolmetin (Tolectin)	400 mg TID
Phenyl acetic acid	Diclofenac (Voltaren)	50–75 mg BID
Phenyl alkanoic acids	Fenoprofen (Nalfon)	300–600 mg TID
	Ketoprofen (Oridus)	75 mg TID-50 mg QID
	Piroxicam (Feldene)	10 mg BID, 20 mg QID
	Flurbiprofen (Ansaid)	100 mg TID
	Ketorolac (Toradol)	10 mg QID
	Naproxen (Naprosyn)	250–500 mg BID
	Naproxen (Anaprox)	275–550 mg BID
	Ibuprofen (Motrin, Brufen, Advil, Nuprin)	400–800 mg TID
Pyrazolons	Phenylbutazone (Butazolidin, Azolid)	100 mg TID-QID
	Oxyphenylbutazone (Tendearil, Osalid)	100 mg TID-QID
Para-aminophenols	Acetaminophen (Multiple)	650 mg q4hrs
Cox-2 inhibitors	Celecoxib (Celebrex)	100–200 mg BID

Index

A

Acanthamoeba

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

symptoms

systemic association

treatment

Acanthamoeba keratitis

Acquired measles

Acquired rubella

Acquired toxoplasmosis

Acute annular outer retinopathy (AAOR)

Acute idiopathic blindspot enlargement syndrome (AIBES)

Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN)

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE)

age of onset

bilateral

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

prognosis

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN)

diagnosis

differential diagnosis

epidemiology

exam

symptoms

treatment

unilateral/bilateral

Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis

age of onset

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

unilateral/bilateral

Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy

age of onset

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

ocular

prognostic factors

symptoms

systemic association

treatment

unilateral/bilateral

Adamantiades-Behcet’s disease

age of onset

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

recurrent inflammation

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

unilateral

Airborne communicable disease

Allergic dermatitis

Amphotericin B (AMB)

Amyloidosis

ANCA vasculitides

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), systemic

Anti-cysticercus antibodies

Antihelminthic therapy

Anti-VEGF

APMPPE, see Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE)

Ascariasis

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Atovaquone

Azithromycin

B

Babesia

Bartonella

age of onset

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

unilateral/bilateral

Behcet’s disease

Benign lymphoid hyperplasia of uvea

differential diagnosis

exam

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

treatment

Bilateral diffuse melanocytic hyperplasia

Birdshot retinochoroidopathy (BSRC)

age of onset

bilateral

chronic

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory testing

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

treatment

Bisphosphonate

BRAF inhibitors

Brimonidine

Brucellosis

age of onset

chronic brucellosis

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

unilateral/bilateral

C

Candida endophthalmitis

Candidiasis

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Cataracts

Cat-scratch disease (CSD)

Chagas disease

Chikungunya (CHK)

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Chorioretinal biopsy

Chorioretinitis

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV)

Chronic endophthalmitis

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Chronic postoperative endophthalmitis

course

definition

differential diagnosis

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

symptoms

systemic association

treatment

Chronic rubella

Churg-Strauss syndrome

Cidofovir

Classic therapy

Clindamycin

Coccidioidomycosis

age of onset

course

definition

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Collagen vascular diseases

Congenital anomalies

Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)

Congenital toxoplasmosis

Conjunctivitis

Cornea

Criteria for Grading Vitreous Flare

Cryptococcosis

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Cysticercosis

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Cysts

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

anterior uveitis

acute and hypertensive

chronic

diagnosis

epidemiology

exam

symptoms

treatment

unilateral

retinitis

diagnosis

epidemiology

exam

symptoms

systemic association

treatment

unilateral/bilateral

D

Dengue fever (DFV)

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Dermatomyositis

Diabetic cheiroarthropathy

Diabetic papillopathy

Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN)

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

treatment

Disease modifying agents (DMAs)

Drug-induced TINU Syndrome

Drug-induced uveitis

intraocular medications

systemic medications

bisphosphonate

BRAF inhibitors

cidofovir

fluoroquinolones

immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs)

MEK inhibitors

rifabutin

sulfonamides “sulfa drugs”

TNF-alpha inhibitors

topical medication

vaccines

DUSN, see Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN)

E

Eales disease

Ehrlichioses

ELISA

Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Enteropathic arthritis (EA), systemic

Eosinophilic fasciitis

Epithelial keratitis

Erythema migrans

F

Fluconazole

Fluorescein angiography

Fluoroquinolones

Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis

age of onset

chronic

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory testing

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

unilateral

G

Giardia Lamblia

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Glaucoma

Glaucomatocyclitic crisis

Graft versus host disease

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

age of onset

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

remission rate

symptoms

systemic

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

unilateral/bilateral

H

Harada’s disease

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

anterior uveitis

acute

corneal sensation

diagnosis

epidemiology

exam

symptoms

treatment

unilateral

ARN

diagnosis

differential diagnosis

epidemiology

exam

symptoms

treatment

unilateral/bilateral

non-necrotizing herpetic retinopathy

PORN

bilateral

diagnosis

epidemiology

symptoms

Herpetic iridocyclitis

Histoplasmosis

HIV retinopathy

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

HLA-B27 associated uveitis

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis

I

Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms and neuroretinitis (IRVAN)

IgA nephropathy

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs)

Immune recovery uveitis (IRU)

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Infectious endophthalmitis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), systemic

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO)

Intraocular foreign body

age of onset

associated uveitis

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

treatment

Intraocular lymphoma

Intravenous (IV) amphotericin B

IOL-associated uveitis

Iris melanoma

J

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Juvenile xanthogranuloma

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Juvenile-onset spondyloarthropathies (JSA), systemic

K

Koplik’s spots

Krill’s disease

L

Leishmaniasis

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Lens-induced uveitis

age of onset

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

inflammation

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

unilateral

Leprosy

age of onset

bilateral

chronic

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Leptospirosis

age of onset

bilateral

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

prevention

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Loiasis

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Lupus choroidopathy

Lyme disease

age of onset

bilateral

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

symptoms

systemic and ocular manifestations

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

M

Malaria

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Measles

acquired measles

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

MEK inhibitors

Meningococcemia

Metipranolol

MEWDS, see Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS)

Microphthalmia

Mooren’s ulcer

Multi-drug therapy (MDT)

Multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis (MCP)

age of onset

bilateral

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

recurrences

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS)

acute

age of onset

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

ocular

radiographic testing

symptoms

systemic association

treatment

unilateral

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

age of onset

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

neuro-ophthalmological disease

optic neuritis

epidemiology

exam findings

laterality

symptoms

systemic association

treatment

uveitis

bilateral

chronic

epidemiology

exam findings

symptoms

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Mycobacterium-avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) infection

Myopic degeneration maculopathy

N

Neovascular glaucoma

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

Neurocysticercosis

Neuroretinitis

O

Ocular disease

Ocular inflammation

Ocular leukemia

differential diagnosis

exam

imaging

treatment

Ocular metastasis

age of onset

differential diagnosis

exam

imaging

treatment

Oculomasticatory myorhythmia (OMM)

Onchocerciasis

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Ophthalmia nodosa

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laterality

ocular exam

symptoms

systemic exam

treatment

Ophthalmomyiasis

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

treatment

Optic neuritis

epidemiology

exam findings

laterality

symptoms

Orbital disease

Outer retinal toxoplasmosis

P

Papilledema

Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome (POGS)

Pars planitis

age of onset

bilateral

chronic

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Peripheral granuloma

Pharmacopeia

intravitreal corticosteroid implants

mydriatics and cycloplegics

oral NSAIDs

regional corticosteroids

systemic corticosteroids

systemic medications

topical corticosteroids

PIC, see Punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC)

Pneumocystis carinii choroidopathy

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Pneumocystosis

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

PO fluconazole

POHS, see Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS)

Polyarteritis nodosa

age of onset

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

renal and cardiac complications

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

unilateral/bilateral

Porphyria cutanea tarda

Possner-Schlossman syndrome

Posterior pole granuloma

Posterior uveal melanoma

Post-streptococcal uveitis

Praziquantel

Prednisone

Pregnancy, uveitis

hormonal changes

immunosuppression

syphilitic uveitis

toxoplasma retinochoroiditis

Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS)

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

symptoms

systemic association

treatment

Primary intraocular lymphoma

Progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN)

bilateral

diagnosis

epidemiology

symptoms

Progressive systemic sclerosis

Prostaglandin analogues

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), systemic

Pulmonary hypertension

Punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC)

age of onset

bilateral

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

recurrence

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

visual prognosis

Purified protein derivative (PPD)

R

Raynaud’s phenomenon

Reactive arthritis (ReA), systemic

Relapsing polychondritis

age of onset

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular exam

remitting

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

unilateral/bilateral

Respiratory mucosal inflammation

Retinitis

Retinitis pigmentosa

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Retinopathy

Rheumatoid arthritis

Rickettsial disease

acute

age of onset

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

unilateral

Rickettsiosis

Rifabutin

Rift valley fever (RVF)

age of onset

anterior segment

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular symptoms

posterior segment

referral/co-management

systemic association

treatment

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)

Romaña’s sign

Rubella

acquired measles

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

S

Sarcoid choroiditis

Sarcoidosis

acute/chronic

age of onset

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Schistosomiasis

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Scleroderma

age of onset

anterior segment

definition

differential diagnosis

external

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

mortality rate

posterior segment

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Seasonal hyperacute panuveitis

age of onset

course

definition

gender/race

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

treatment

Sectoral retinitis pigmentosa

Septic choroiditis

Seronegative spondyloarthropathies

acute and recurrent

age of onset

ankylosing spondylitis

anterior segment

definition

delayed severity

differential diagnosis

EA/IBD

gender/race

imaging

JSA

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

posterior segment

PsA

ReA

symptoms

systemic association

treatment

Serpiginous choroiditis

age of onset

bilateral

chronic

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

SFU, see Subretinal fibrosis and uveitis (SFU) syndrome

Sjögren’s syndrome

Solar retinopathy

Spiramycin

Sporotrichosis

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Standard agglutination test (SAT)

Subretinal fibrosis and uveitis (SFU) syndrome

age of onset

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

loss of vision

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

unilateral/bilateral

Sulfonamides “sulfa drugs”

SUN Working Group Activity of Uveitis Terminology

SUN Working Group Anatomical Classification of Uveitis

SUN Working Group Descriptors in Uveitis

SUN Working Group Grading Scheme for Anterior Chamber Flare

Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO)

age of onset

bilateral

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

severity of inflammation

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Syphilis

age of onset

bilateral

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

interpretations

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Syphilitic placoid choroiditis

Syphilitic uveitis

Systemic hypertension

Systemic lupus erythematosus

age of onset

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laterality

ocular exam

ocular symptoms

radiographic testing

relapsing and remitting

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Systemic vasculitides

T

Takayasu’s disease

TNF-alpha inhibitors

Toxic shock syndrome

Toxocariasis

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis

Toxoplasmosis

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Triamcinolone acetonide

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Trypanosomiasis

age of onset

course

definition

gender/race

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Tuberculosis (TB)

age of onset

chronic course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

unilateral/bilateral

Tuberculous choroiditis

Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome

acute nephritis

age of onset

bilateral

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

U

Ultrasonography

Unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy (UAIM)

Uveal effusion syndrome

Uveal melanoma

age of onset

definition

differential diagnosis

epidemiology

exam

gender/race

imaging

symptoms

treatment

Uveitis

bilateral

epidemiology

exam findings

recurrent/chronic

symptoms

Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome

Uveomeningitic syndrome, see Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome

Uveomeningoencephalic syndrome, see Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome

V

Vaccines

Varicella zoster virus (VZV)

anterior uveitis

acute

diagnosis

epidemiology

exam

symptoms

treatment

unilateral

ARN

diagnosis

differential diagnosis

epidemiology

exam

symptoms

treatment

unilateral/bilateral

hutchinson’s sign

non-necrotizing herpetic retinopathy

PORN

bilateral

diagnosis

epidemiology

symptoms

Viral retinitis

Vitreoretinal lymphoma

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome

age of onset

bilateral

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

multiple phases

ocular

radiographic testing

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Voriconazole

W

West Nile virus (WNV)

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

Whipple’s disease

age of onset

chronic and relapsing

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

laboratory and radiographic testing

ocular

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment

unilateral/bilateral

White dot syndrome

Z

Zika virus (ZKV)

age of onset

course

definition

differential diagnosis

gender/race

imaging

laboratory and radiographic testing

laterality

ocular exam

referral/co-management

symptoms

systemic association

systemic exam

treatment