abolitionists, 5, 13–14, 27, 31, 51, 80, 84, 90, 109, 131, 138, 141, 144, 152, 174n, 180n
Africanisms, African retentions, 29, 41–43, 151
Alcott, Bronson, 133
Alcott, Louisa May, 160
Alger, Horatio, 48
angel. See cherub
anti-slavery. See abolitionists
Appeal in Favor of that Class of Americans Called Africans, An, 5, 134–35
architecture, xii, xiv, xvi, 7–9, 18, 20, 38, 40, 44, 46, 52–56, 65, 74, 76, 79, 102, 114, 118, 120, 126–27, 136, 148–49, 153, 165, 167–70, 173n, 175n, 176n, 178n, 179n
aristocratic, xxii, 23, 63, 71, 119, 148, 178n
“Bartleby, the Scrivener,” 47, 175n
basement, 56, 96, 114, 126, 153, 168
beauty, xxvii, 129–30, 155, 162
Beecher, Catharine, 70, 91, 176n
“Berenice,” xxvii, 156–64, 180n, 181n
Big House, 17, 22–23, 45–46, 118, 120
blackface, xiv, 35, 73, 79, 80, 117, 135–36, 144–46, 175n, 176n, 177n, 180n
“blackness,” 5–7, 51, 74, 85, 101, 128, 130, 133, 152, 175n
Blithedale Romance, The, xi, xv, xvii, xxvi, 104, 122–28, 160
Bloomer, Amelia, 115
bloomers, 115
Bluest Eye, The, 129–31, 156, 163–64, 170
body, xvii, xxii, 6, 24, 40, 46, 60–61, 83, 85, 88–94, 100, 107–15, 122, 127–32, 136, 138–43, 150–56, 161–64, 166
Boott Lowell Mills, 49, 72, 74. See also factory
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 170
Cannon’s Point Plantation, xii, xiv, 7, 20, 171n
cemetery, 87, 92, 169. See also churchyard; folk cemeteries; graveyard; rural cemeteries
ceramics, xi, xii, xvi, 3–4, 7, 9–17, 34, 41, 46, 57–64, 67, 87, 94–95, 113–15, 130–34, 159, 162, 169–70, 175n, 178n
cherub design, xiii–xiv, 11, 25–26, 67, 87, 92–94, 122, 179n
Child, Lydia Maria, 5, 7, 69, 134–35, 150
china. See ceramics; porcelain
churchyard, 11, 27, 94, 174n. See also cemetery; graveyard
cleanliness, xiii, 20, 79, 104, 117, 130–31, 156, 160, 168. See also filth clocks, 70–74, 78
clothing, xii, xiv, xvi, xxvi, 4, 13, 48–49, 66–67, 72–73, 76, 86–128, 129, 133, 136, 139, 158, 171n, 179n. See also fashion; slave clothing
clothing laws, 116, 118. See also slave laws
columns, 9–10, 22, 28, 94, 122
complexion. See skin
Cooper, James Fenimore, xxi, xxvi, 53–60, 71, 84, 137–38, 160
corset, xxvi, 86–87, 89, 92, 108–09, 115, 121
cosmetics. See make-up
creamware, xi, 12, 14–15, 47, 61, 134
Cult of Domesticity, 40, 62, 82, 162–63, 175n, 179n
cult of mourning, 35–36, 92, 94, 179n
Cummins, Susanna Maria, xxvi, 65–69, 84
Davis, Rebecca Harding, 152–55, 180n
death’s-head motif, 11, 25–26, 93, 163
“Devil in the Belfry, The,” 71–74, 176n
dining ritual. See etiquette
disembodiment. See body; spirit
dishes. See ceramics; slave ceramics; table settings; tea
Douglass, Frederick, xii, xxvi, 5, 16, 21–25, 32, 70, 145, 172n, 173n, 174n
Dred, xxvi, 138–41, 151, 160, 180n
dress. See clothing; fashion
earthenware, xi–xii, 12–13, 15, 171n, 175n
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 6, 71, 172n
etiquette, xii, xiv, xvi, 9, 16–17, 28, 33, 52, 57–58, 60–61, 63, 76–81, 102, 160, 177n, 180n
factory, xxii, xxvi, 48–50, 61–62, 71–72, 74–76, 81–85, 90, 103–04, 153, 177n
fashion, 86, 89, 94–95, 101–04, 110
female, xxiii, 87–91, 98, 107–08
feminine, xiii, xvi, xxii–xxvii, 32, 34, 36, 46–49, 50, 62, 64–66, 76, 82, 85, 86–128, 129–30, 143, 172n, 177n, 179n
feminine sphere, xxv, 62, 87, 117, 125, 128
fieldstone gravemarker, 11, 30, 47
filth, 37–38, 43, 46, 52–53, 65–67, 75–76, 79, 87, 114, 129, 132–33, 143, 147–56, 179n, 180n. See also cleanliness
flowers, xiv, 10, 24, 45, 52, 65, 100, 112, 122, 124–25, 139
folk cemeteries, 29–30, 153, 173n
food, 33–34, 57–58, 60, 168–69, 181n
Franklin, Benjamin, 48
Freedmen’s Book, The, 150
Frugal Housewife, The, 69
Fugitive Slave Act, 7
furniture, xvi, 94–99, 102, 110–11, 130, 136, 148, 154, 161, 163, 178n. See also slave furniture
Georgian architecture, 8–9, 24, 53
Godey’s Lady’s Book, xiv, xvi, 54, 87, 91, 94, 102–04, 109, 112, 142
Gone with the Wind, 86–87, 129, 170
Gothic Revival architecture, 95, 168
graveshelter, 29–30
gravestone motifs, 24–25, 93–94
gravestones, xiv, xvi, 4–5, 7, 10–11, 26–31, 46, 56, 70, 87, 91, 93, 95, 122, 130, 134, 162, 169, 173n, 174n
graveyard, 26, 28–29, 35–36, 39, 46, 173n, 174n, 178n, 179n. See also cemetery; churchyard
Greek Revival architecture, 9, 13, 23, 164, 167
guidebooks, xiv, 9, 60–61, 69–71, 78–79, 96, 100, 102, 109, 133, 142, 149–50, 161, 168–69, 176n. See also Godey’s Lady’s Book
Hale, Sarah Josepha, 87, 91, 178n. See also Godey’s Lady’s Book
Harper’s magazine, 166–67
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, xi, xv, xvii, xxii, xxvi, 6, 104, 122–28, 160, 166
Hidden Hand, The, 84, 117–22, 159, 179n
historical archaeology, xv–xix, xxvi
House of the Seven Gables, The, xxii
house paint, xv–xvi, 4–8, 21–22, 46–47, 52–54, 87, 130, 148, 162, 173n
housing. See architecture; lower-class housing; middle-class housing; slave housing
hygiene. See cleanliness; filth
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, 3–4, 170
idleness, 48, 65–66, 70, 127. See also leisure
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, 31–40, 174n, 175n
insanity, 117, 137, 179n, 181n
interior decor, xii, xiv, 4, 52, 112, 119, 130, 139, 148, 168
Jacobs, Harriet, xxvi, 31–40, 174n, 175n
jewelry, 13–14
keeping-room, 55
Kennedy, John Pendleton, xxvi, 16–18
Kirkland, Caroline, 64–65
kitchen, 17, 19–20, 33–36, 43, 55, 96, 99, 110, 112–15, 148, 168, 178n
labor, xxii, 39, 48, 85–89, 91, 96–99, 102, 109–10, 113, 126, 152, 154, 166, 176n
landscape design, xii, 8, 22–24, 28–29, 45, 52, 74–75, 114, 148, 165, 168, 176n
Last of the Mohicans, The, 60, 137–38, 160
leisure, xxii, 108–09, 151, 176n. See also idleness
Life in the Iron Mills, xxvii, 152–55, 180n
linsey-woolsey. See slave clothing
Little Eva, 84
Little Women, 160
L’Ouverture, Toussaint, 27
lower-class, xi–xiv, xxi, xxiii, 12, 44–51, 66, 73, 75, 81–85, 88, 116, 126–28, 137, 142–43, 163, 176n, 177n, 178n
lower-class housing, 44–47, 66–67
“Man that Was Used Up, The,” 155–56
manners. See etiquette
marble, xv, 5, 11, 14, 26, 30–31, 56, 93, 95, 154, 169, 174n
masculine, xxi–xxvii, 46–48, 64, 77, 82, 85, 88, 95, 98, 102, 110, 126–28, 172n
material culture studies, xv–xx
Melville, Herman, xvi, xix, xxvii, 6, 47, 76–84, 133, 144–47, 175n, 177n, 180n
middle-class, xiii, 31, 54, 63, 74–75, 85, 96, 126–28, 132, 134, 151, 161, 165, 168
middle-class housing, 53
mill. See factory
minstrelsy. See blackface
Mitchell, Margaret, 86–87, 129, 170
Moby Dick, xix, xxvii, 6, 133, 145–47, 180n
Monticello, 38, 114. See also plantations
Morrison, Toni, xxiv, 129–31, 156, 163–64, 170
Mount Auburn, 26, 28–29, 92, 174n, 179n. See also rural cemeteries
mulatto, 132, 136, 154. See also tragic mulatto
My Bondage and My Freedom, 16, 21–24, 145
Narrative of Shipwreck Captivity and Suffering of Horace Holden and Benjamin Nute, 144
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, xii, xxi, 21, 24–25, 70, 145, 172n, 173n, 174n
Native American, 41, 53–58, 155, 166, 171n, 175n
“Negro codes.” See slave laws
“Negro-cloth.” See slave clothing
New Home, Who’ll Follow?, A, 64–65
Notions of the Americans, xxi
Oasis, The, 135
“Old Virginny,” 79–81
“Old Zip Coon,” 136
Oldtown Folks, 148
Olmsted, Frederick Law, 19, 22–23, 30, 106–07, 151, 161
“Paradise of Bachelors and Tartarus of Maids,” xxii, 76–84, 177n
parlor, 17, 36, 39, 46, 52, 69, 95–96, 110, 113, 148
“passing,” 131–32, 136, 163, 172n
pearlware, xi
plantation layout, 19–20, 22–23, 44. See also landscape design
plantation mansion. See Big House
plantations, xiii, 20, 38, 41, 106, 114, 167
Poe, Edgar Allan, xxvi–xxvii, 73, 71–74, 155–64, 176n, 180n, 181n
“Poor Man’s Pudding and Rich Man’s Crumbs,” 78
“poor white trash,” xxiii, 46, 75, 151
porcelain, xi–xv, 10, 11, 59, 62, 168
“Predicament, A,” 71
pro-slavery, xxi, 17, 37, 50, 149–50
purity, xiii–xiv, xxv–xxvi, 28, 67, 84, 132–35, 150–53
purity of blood, 131–34
Quaker, 67, 89, 117, 153, 154, 178n
riots, 73
rural cemeteries, 26, 28–29, 92, 169, 174n, 179n. See also Mount Auburn
scar, 135, 140, 144–47, 154, 180n
Scarlet Letter, The, 6
segregation, 3, 5, 20, 34, 55, 58, 87, 102, 164, 166, 170
sentimental, xvi, xx, 4, 35, 62–63, 84, 97–98, 120, 140–41, 172n, 175n, 180n
sentimental literature, xx, xxii, xxvi, 63–69
sheds, xiii, 19–20, 34, 38–39, 99, 114
skin, xii, xvi–xvii, xxi–xxvii, 5–7, 34, 46, 51, 55, 59, 68, 82, 87, 105, 112, 119–20, 129–55, 179n
slate gravestones, 5, 10–11, 26–27, 93, 122, 174n
slave auction, 161
slave ceramics, 15–16, 41, 112, 131, 174n. See also slave dishes
slave clothing, 4, 33, 50, 105–07, 116, 141
slave dishes, xii–xiii, 15–16, 40, 131. See also slave ceramics
slave furniture, 105–06, 112, 131
slave graves, xiii, 30–31, 35, 43
slave housing, xiii, 5, 17–24, 37–38, 40–45, 107, 111–12, 139–40, 149–50
slave laws, 48, 106, 118, 132, 138
slave resistance, 21–25, 27, 31–43, 48, 110–14, 115, 150–51
Snodgrass, Emma, 116
Southworth, E.D.E.N., 84, 117–22, 159, 179n
spirit faces, 25
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, xxvi, 97, 104–06, 109–15, 116, 131, 138–41, 148, 151, 160, 178n
sumptuary laws. See clothing laws
Swallow Barn, 16–18
table setting, xv, 4–5, 12, 15, 17, 54, 57, 60, 63, 67–68, 134
tablecloth, 16, 33, 57, 60, 68, 99, 113–14, 139, 159
tattoos, 135, 143, 144, 147, 180n
tea, xi, xvi, xxvi, 12, 15, 33–34, 63–67, 139, 148, 173n, 174n, 176n
tea ritual. See tea tea setting. See tea
teeth, 72, 129, 130, 155–64, 180n
“thing,” xv–xxv
time-discipline, 4, 33, 46, 69, 70, 72, 74, 83–84, 103, 111
transvestite, 116–20
trash. See filth
Treatise on Domestic Economy, 70, 91, 176n. See also guidebooks
Truth, Sojourner, 90, 91, 116, 178n
Uncle Tom’s Cabin, xxi, 97, 104–06, 109–15, 131, 138–40, 178n, 180n
Up from Slavery, xiii, 5, 160–61, 173n
upper-class, xi, xiii, 61, 65, 74–81, 85, 96, 126–28, 132, 142, 151, 159, 165, 176n
urn-and-willow design. See willow-andurn design
vernacular architecture, 53
visual economy/visual culture, xvi, xx, 7, 38, 131–33, 172n
wage slavery, 50–51, 84, 90, 152
Walker, Dr. Mary, 116–17
Warner, Susan, xxvi, 63–64, 97–102
Washington, Booker T., xiii, 5, 160–61, 173n
white ironstone, xii, 12, 95, 176n
white slavery. See wage slavery
white things, miscellaneous, 67–69, 81–83, 99, 124, 154
“whiteness,” xv, xxv, 6, 7, 46, 51, 80, 164, 170, 175n
whiteness studies, xxiii–xxv, 170
whiteware, xi
whitewash, 6, 81, 120, 145–46, 149–50
Wide Wide World, 63–64, 97–102, 178n
willow, xii, 27, 59, 95, 122, 169
willow-and-urn design, xiii, 11, 25, 27, 93–95
wooden gravemarkers, 30, 31, 35
work-discipline, xxii, 4, 47–48, 61–62, 63–66, 69, 71, 80, 99, 156, 159–61, 164, 172n, 175n. See also time-discipline
working-class, 61, 67, 175n, 177n. See also lower-class
World’s Columbian Exposition, 165–68