1. Gloria Steinem, “If Men Could Menstruate,” in Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1983), pp. 337–40.
2. Sigmund Freud, “Some Psychological Consequences of the Anatomical Distinction Between the Sexes” (1925), in Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works, vol. XIX, trans. and ed. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1961), pp. 257–58.
3. Peter Gay, Freud: A Life for Our Time (New York: Anchor/Doubleday, 1988), p. 217.
4. Ibid., p. 39.
5. Lisa Appignanesi and John Forrester, Freud’s Women (New York: Basic Books/HarperCollins, 1992), p. 3.
6. Ethel Spector Person, “Women in Therapy: Therapist Gender as a Variable,” International Review of Psycho-Analysis, vol. 10 (1983), pp. 193–204.
7. For the results of this survey, the first of its kind, see Nanette Gartrell, M.D., et al., “Psychiatrist-Patient Sexual Contact: Results of a National Survey,” Part I, “Prevalence,” American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 143, no. 9 (September 1986), pp. 1126–31.
For the saga of the APA’s efforts to block the survey—a parable of use to anyone trying to change an establishment institution from within—see Nanette Gartrell et al., “Institutional Resistance to Self-Study: A Case Report,” in Sexual Exploitation of Clients by Health Professionals, ed. A. Burgess (Philadelphia: Praeger, 1986), pp. 120–28.
8. Nanette Gartrell, M.D., et al., “Reporting Practices of Psychiatrists Who Knew of Sexual Misconduct by Colleagues,” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, April 1987, pp. 287–95.
9. Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson, trans. and ed., The Complete Letters of Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess, 1887–1904 (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1985), pp. 277, 281, 291, and 299.
10. Gay, Freud, p. 97 n.
11. Ibid., p. 96
12. Frank J. Sulloway, Freud: Biologist of the Mind (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992), p. 19.
13. Ibid., p. 18.
14. John Kerr, A Most Dangerous Method: The Story of Jung, Freud, and Sabina Spielrein (New York: Knopf, 1993), p. 137.
15. Frederick Crews, ‘The Unknown Freud,” New York Review of Books, November 18, 1993, p. 65 n.
16. C. G. Jung, “Sigmund Freud,” in Memories, Dreams, Reflections, trans. Richard and Clara Winston (New York: Vintage/Random House, 1989), p. 158.
17. Sándor Ferenczi, The Clinical Diary of Sándor Ferenczi, trans. Michael Balint and Nicola Zarday Jackson, ed. Judith Dupont (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988), p. 93.
18. Quoted by Helen Walker Puner in Sigmund Freud: His Life and His Mind, foreword by Erich Fromm, with a new introduction by Paul Roazen and an afterword by S. P. Puner (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1992), p. 130.
19. Gay, Freud, p. 8.
20. Giovanni Papini, “A Visit to Freud,” in Freud as We Knew Him, ed. Hendrik M. Ruitenbeek (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1973), pp. 98–99.
21. Jung, “Sigmund Freud,” pp. 152, 167, 150.
22. Puner, Sigmund Freud, p. 26.
23. Ibid., p. 212.
24. Gay, Freud, p. 559.
25. Jung, “Sigmund Freud,” pp. 156–57.
26. With thanks to Suzanne Braun Levine for the phrase.
27. Matt Moffett, “The Women of Juchitan, Mexico, Control the Economy and the Men,” Wall Street Journal, April 2, 1991.
28. Sherwood Anderson, Dark Laughter (New York: Liveright, 1970).
29. Juliet Mitchell, Psychoanalysis and Feminism: Freud, Reich, Laing and Women (New York: Vintage/Random House, 1975), p. 433.
30. David Stafford-Clark, What Freud Really Said (New York: Schocken Books, 1966), p. 82.
31. “… penis envy … women …” Sigmund Freud, “Femininity,” in Freud on Women: A Reader, ed. and with an introduction by Elisabeth Young-Bruehl (New York: W. W. Norton, 1990), p. 360.
32. “… women …” Ibid., pp. 361–62.
33. “… beautiful …” Gay, Freud, p. 522.
34. Ibid., p. 565.
35. Puner, Sigmund Freud, pp. 119–20.
36. All words in the paragraph are Freud’s own except “… women … herself …” and “… feminine … genital deficiency.” Sigmund Freud, “Femininity,” Freud on Women, p. 360.
37. Ernest Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, vol. I (New York: Basic Books, 1953), pp. 17–18.
38. Peter J. Swales, “Freud, His Teacher, and the Birth of Psychoanalysis,” in Freud: Appraisals and Reappraisals, vol. I, ed. Paul E. Stepansky (Hillsdale, N.J.: The Analytic Press, 1986), p. 3.
39. Sulloway, Freud, pp. 79 and 57.
40. Josef Breuer, “Fraulein Anna O.,” in Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud, Studies on Hysteria, in Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. II, trans. and ed. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1968), pp. 21–47.
41. Appignanesi and Forrester, Freud’s Women, pp. 77–80.
42. Sulloway, Freud, p. 84 n.
43. Ibid., pp. 51–89.
44. Breuer, “Fraulein Anna O.,” in Breuer and Freud, Studies on Hysteria.
45. Sulloway, Freud, pp. 83–100.
46. Appignanesi and Forrester, Freud’s Women, p. 80.
47. Lucy Freeman and Dr. Herbert S. Strean, Freud and Women (New York: Continuum, 1987), p. 137.
48. Puner, Sigmund Freud, p. 60.
49. Ibid, pp. 64–65.
50. Appignanesi and Forrester, Freud’s Women, p. 85.
51. Masson, Complete Letters, p. 57.
52. Appignanesi and Forrester, Freud’s Women, p. 176.
53. Gay, Freud, pp. 296 and 103 n.
54. Ibid., pp. 137–38.
55. That’s Peter Gay, of course, in Freud, p. 296.
56. Appignanesi and Forrester, Freud’s Women, pp. 421–22.
57. Ibid., p. 45.
58. Masson, Complete Letters, p. 280.
59. “woman …” Kate Millett, Sexual Politics, (New York: Touchstone/Simon & Schuster, 1970), p. 193.
60. Sigmund Freud, “Femininity,” in Freud on Women, p. 344.
61. In part from the first English translation of Freud’s “Femininity,” quoted by Kate Millett, Sexual Politics, p. 193.
62. Sigmund Freud, “The Acquisition of Power Over Fire,” in Collected Papers, vol. V, ed. James Strachey (New York: Basic Books, 1959), p. 294.
63. Sigmund Freud, “Some Psychological Consequences of the Anatomical Distinction Between the Sexes,” in Collected Papers, p. 191.
64. Gay, Freud, p. 163.
65. Sigmund Freud, “ ‘Civilized’ Sexual Morality and Modern Nervous Illness,” in Freud on Women, p. 173.
66. Gay, Freud, p. 59.
67. Puner, Sigmund Freud, p. 120.
68. Gay, Freud, p. 163.
69. Impressionable young wives, of course; in this case, Wilhelm Fliess’s wife. Gay, Freud, pp. 62–63.
70. “… adult woman …” Ibid., p. 501.
71. Philip Rieff, Freud: Three Case Histories (New York: Collier/Macmillan, 1963), p. 7.
72. Sigmund Freud, “Some Psychological Consequences of the Anatomical Distinction Between the Sexes,” Collected Papers, p. 194.
73. Puner, Sigmund Freud, pp. 30–31.
74. Marianne Krüll, Freud and His Father, trans. Arnold J. Pomerans (New York: W. W. Norton, 1979), p. 112.
75. Masson, Complete Letters, p. 287.
76. Allen Esterson, Seductive Mirage: An Exploration of the Work of Sigmund Freud (Chicago: Open Court, 1993), p. 245.
77. Sigmund Freud, “L’Hérédité et l’étiologie des névroses,” Revue neurologique, March 30, 1896, trans. Jeffrey Masson, in The Assault on Truth: Freud’s Suppression of the Seduction Theory (New York: HarperPerennial, 1992), p. 91.
78. Gay, Freud, p. 95.
79. Krüll, Freud and His Father, p. 155.
80. Eric Miller, Passion for Murder: The Homicidal Deeds of Dr. Sigmund Freud (San Diego: Future Directions, 1984). See p. 306 for copy of birth registry.
81. Ibid., pp. 30 and 27.
82. Esterson, Seductive Mirage, p. 121.
83. Miller, Passion for Murder: The Homicidal Deeds of Dr. Sigmund Freud, and Dr. Paul Scagnelli, Deadly Dr. Freud (Durham, N.C.: Pinewood Publishing, 1994).
84. Sigmund Freud, “The Aetiology of Hysteria,” in Masson, Assault on Truth, p. 275.
85. Breuer and Freud, Studies on Hysteria, pp. 100–101 n.
86. Masson, Assault on Truth, pp. 76–78.
87. Masson, Complete Letters, pp. 309–10.
88. Wilhelm Fliess, New Contributions to the Theory and Therapy of the Nasal Reflex Neurosis, trans. and excerpted in Masson, Assault on Truth, pp. 75–76.
89. Ibid., pp. 87–9.
90. All true. See Masson, Complete Letters, pp. 116–18.
91. Masson, Assault on Truth, pp. 68.
92. “… her episodes … hysterical … the woman …” Emma refused to supply the dates of either her bleeding episodes or her menstrual periods to see whether they conformed to Fliess’s periodicity theory. This and following quotations on Emma Eckstein’s case are from ibid., pp. 68–70, 99–101. For more discussion of the case, see ibid., chaps. 3 and 4, appendix A, index references.
93. Ibid., pp. 70, 249, 257.
94. Masson, Complete Letters, p. 227.
95. “… Emma … her … her …” Masson, Assault on Truth, p. 99.
96. Gay, Freud, p. 276.
97. Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, vol. I, pp. 291 and 302.
98. Gay, Freud, p. 86.
99. Krüll, Freud and His Father, p. 192.
100. Masson, Assault on Truth, p. 216.
101. Ibid., pp. 139–42.
102. “… his …” Gay, Freud, p. 89.
103. “… hysteria … hysteria … six men and twelve women …” Freud, “The Aetiology of Hysteria,” in Masson, Assault on Truth, pp. 276, 271, 268, 272–273.
104. Ibid., pp. 284 and 283.
105. Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess, Complete Letters, pp. 183–184.
106. Masson, Complete Letters, p. 231.
107. Masson, Assault on Truth, pp. 230, 135, 27.
108. Masson, Complete Letters, p. 184.
109. Ibid., p. 185.
110. “… old man’s … him … unmarried sister … him …” Quoted in Krüll, Freud and His Father, p. 41.
111. Ibid., p. 40.
112. “… old man’s … He …” and … barber shop …, Masson, Complete Letters, p. 202.
113. Ibid., p. 238.
114. Ibid., p. 220.
115. Ibid., pp. 230–31.
116. Jones’s quotes from Scagnelli, Deadly Dr. Freud, pp. 511, 514, 515, 525. See Kerr, A Most Dangerous Method, p. 379, on blackmail. Also see Sulloway, Freud, p. 460.
117. Masson, Complete Letters, p. 254.
118. Jung, “Sigmund Freud,” p. 161.
119. Krüll, Freud and His Father, pp. 57–58.
120. “… the father … hysteria …” Masson, Complete Letters, p. 264.
121. Ibid., p. 265.
122. Ibid., pp. 268–69.
123. For full text, see ibid., pp. 269–70.
124. “… his … him.” Masson, Assault on Truth, p. 11.
125. Krüll, Freud and His Father, p. 222.
126. Anna Freud’s own words except: “… the Electra and the less important …” Letter from Anna Freud to Jeffrey Masson, September 10, 1981, in Masson, Assault on Truth, p. 113.
127. Gay, Freud, pp. 112–13.
128. Peter J. Swales, “Freud, Katharina, and the First Wild Analysis,’” in Freud: Appraisals and Reappraisals, vol. III, pp. 81–164.
129. Masson, Assault on Truth, p. 133.
130. Sándor Ferenczi, “Confusion of Tongues Between Adults and the Child,” trans. Jeffrey Masson and Marianne Loring, ibid., pp. 291–303.
131. “… Sigmund … His …” Steven Marcus, Freud and the Culture of Psychoanalysis (Winchester, Mass.: Allen & Unwin, 1984). He also coedited a one-volume version of Ernest Jones’s biography of Freud with Lionel Trilling—who considered Freud the prime mover of modernism.
132. Daniel Goleman, “As a Therapist, Freud Fell Short, Scholars Find,” New York Times, March 6, 1990.
133. Gay, Freud, pp. 255–56, 260–61.
134. Puner, Sigmund Freud, p. 214.
135. Sigmund Freud, “ ‘A Child Is Being Beaten’: A Contribution to the Study of the Origin of Sexual Perversions,” in Freud on Women, p. 235.
136. Jeffrey Masson, Final Analysis: The Making and Unmaking of a Psychoanalyst (New York: HarperCollins, 1990), p. 55.
137. “… penis …” Robert J. Campbell, ed., fifth ed., Psychiatric Dictionary (New York: Oxford University Press, 1981), p. 32.
138. “… she … herself … She ... herself … she … she …” Ibid., pp. 82–83.
139. Linda Meyer Williams, “Recall of Childhood Trauma: A Prospective Study of Women’s Memories of Child Sexual Abuse,” paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, October 27, 1993, to be published by Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. (Contact Linda Meyer Williams, Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H. 03824.)
140. Goleman, “As a Therapist, Freud Fell Short, Scholars Find.”
141. Gay, Freud, p. 563.
142. Goleman, “As a Therapist, Freud Fell Short, Scholars Find.”
143. Gay, Freud, p. 565.
144. “… him … his … his … he … his …” Peter Neubauer, in Goleman, “As a Therapist, Freud Fell Short, Scholars Find.”
145. “… his creation.” Gay, Freud, pp. xviii–xix.
146. “… mother’s womb …” Maurice Lever, Sade: A Biography (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1993). For a woman’s defense of Sade, see the review of this book by Francine du Plessix Gray, The New Yorker, September 6, 1993. For a feminist view, see Andrea Dworkin, Woman Hating (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1974).
147. “In the phallic phase, phantasies of piercing, penetration, or dissolution of …” Campbell, Psychiatric Dictionary, p. 327.
148. Harold Bloom, “Freud, The Greatest Modern Writer,” New York Times Book Review, March 23, 1986, p. 27.
149. Quotes in this paragraph and the next from Sigmund Freud, as excerpted by Ann Salyard in “Freud as Pegasus Yoked to the Plough,” Psychoanalytic Psychology 5:4 (1988), pp. 403–29.
150. Sándor Ferenczi, in Journal (Unique (January–October 1932), translated from the German by Le Groupe de Traduction du Coq-Heron (Paris: Payot, 1985); translated from the French by Jeffrey Masson, in Against Therapy (Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1994), p. 19.
151. Jung, “Sigmund Freud,” p. 152.