Ableson, Robert, 124
Abraham, Nicolas, 230, 241n1, 244
absent character, 213
Absorption and Theatricality (Fried), 80, 87n27, 87n32, 111
African-Americans, 199n13, 245, 254. See also Beloved (Morrison)
agents and agency, 1, 4, 7, 8, 61, 46, 86n9, 88, 108, 131n10, 172, 190, 273-74, 284-85. See also Wood, Allen G.
À la recherche du temps perdu (Proust), 13-14
Alchemies of the Mind (Elster), 295
Alice in Wonderland (Carroll), 8, 188, 193-96, 198n5, 198n7-9, 198n11, 207-8, 216n9, 216n11
“Alternative Theory of Mind for Artificial Brains” (Marron), 8, 187-99
The Ambassadors (James), 36
analogy, 19, 48, 49, 55, 57-58, 61, 210, 260, 284. See also Turner
anchors and anchoring, 9, 178-79, 182, 249-56
anthropology, 2, 16-20, 28, 69, 286n1, 297. See also Bateson, Gregory; Dunbar, Robin; Geertz, Clifford; Sperber, Dan
anti-System (theories), 248
Aristotle, 66, 100, 166, 277, 290, 297
art (definition of), 19-20
The Arthurian Handbook (Lacy, Ashe, and Mancoff), 142, 145n1
Arthurian literature, 7, 133-48
Asien gründlich verändert (Kisch), 9, 247-56. See also Changing Asia
Asperger, Hans, 135
Asperger’s syndrome, 135, 140, 201
As You Like It (Shakespeare), 20
attention: anthropomorphism and, 43; dreaming and, 224; as lexical item, 36, 119; literary representations of, and as a literary device, 38, 106-14, 117-18, 119n5; theories of, 109-14, 119n6, 120n11, 167-68, 170-71, 236. See also Shared Attention Mechanism; memory
At the Crafter’s Wheel (Midwood), 78-79
attribution theory, 29-39, 43, 46, 65, 69, 118, 134-35, 138, 175-84, 190, 214n1, 220, 223, 231, 250. See also Theory of Mind; mind reading
audiences: of children, 193; emotions of, 93-97, 166, 169, 173; imagination of, 99-100; individuals as, 123, 238, 262, 283-86; mass audience, 247-56; models of, 112-13, 249; radio and, 59; reading, 72, 116; television and, 81; theatre and, 2, 6, 8, 18, 20, 93-102, 166
“Aunt Charlotte and the NGA Portraits” (Turner), 47-54. See also children’s literature
Austen, Jane, 6-7, 70-72, 75, 105-20, 127-29, 187, 295
Author Recognition Tests (Stanovich and West), 19
authority (definition of), 292-93
autism, 3, 7-8, 65, 86n6, 133-48, 178, 183n5, 196, 198n12, 201, 216n9
autofiction, 214n2
Baillie, Johanna, 87n17
Bakhtin, Mikhail, 30, 130n7, 237, 243n17
Ball, Lorraine V., 222
Banfield, Ann, 153-55, 158, 160, 160n2, 161n8
Baron-Cohen, Simon, 3, 9, 65, 86n9, 135, 139, 147n12, 175, 178, 253
Barroso Castro, José, 10, 289-302
Barston, Julie L., 249
Bateson, Gregory, 28
Batson, C. Daniel, 19
“The Beast in the Jungle” (James), 183n9
Beck, Aaron T., 102n7
Befindlichkeit (Heidegger), 292
behavior: autism and, 133-47; brain-imaging and, 260, 263, 268; evolution and, 280; of a group, 278; interpretations of, 3, 7, 10, 16, 44, 63-70, 80, 84-85, 86n10, 96, 107, 112, 130n4, 187-99, 201-16, 232-33
belief-desire psychology, 1, 64, 67, 107-8, 166-67, 190
Beloved (Morrison), 8-9, 229-44
Benjamin, Jessica, 235, 237, 243n14
Beowulf, 130n6
Bering, Jesse M., 66
billiard table (mesa de trucos), 10, 289-95, 297-300
blending (conceptual), 4-5, 41-61, 43-44, 53, 56-60, 93, 131n10
blindness: 72, 98; to change, 221; of mind, 135
Blossom Time (Horsley), 79-80
Blotner, Joseph, 183n6
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 297
the body: absence of, 201, 204, 211, 213, 216n10; double position of, with regard to the mind, 6, 13, 64, 85, 201-16, 290; metamorphosis of, 219-26; as object, 170, 172; practice of, as equivalent to Theory of Mind, 201-16; prosthetic, 190-91, 204; relation of, to the mind, 6, 63-88, 275; relative transparency of, 63-88; as text, 67-68, 72; simulation (mirror neurons) and, 273, 275-76; as “theatre of the emotions,” 6, 96-97, 100; torture and, 86n15. See also facial expressions; the look; sign language body language, 8, 63-88, 99, 201-16, 233-34, 236, 282
Bond, Christopher, 94-95
The Bonds of Love (Benjamin), 235
Botton, Alain de, 22
the brain: artificial brains, 8, 187-99; changes in, with regard to ToM, 3, 259-70; chemistry of, 96; dreaming brain, 225-26; executive functions of, 114; experiments on, 260-70, 275; implied equivalency of, with the mind, 65, 208-10; of infants, 45, 65, 102n4, 196; injury and, 243; insufficiency of, to account for “mind,” 232; language of, 269; mind-brain, 19-20; nervous system and, 208; the Problem of Other Minds and, 9, 45, 191, 259-72; representations of, in literature, 208-10; size of, 16; social brain hypothesis, 17; unchanged nature of, 129. See also evolution; mirroring; mirror neurons
brain imaging, 4, 9, 183, 259-70, 265-67
brainwashing, 247
Brantley, Ben, 95
Brase, Gary L., 252
Breithaupt, Fritz, 10, 146n7, 273-86
Bridget Jones (Fielding), 71-72, 75
The Broadcast Tapes of Dr. Peter (film), 83, 88n33
Bruner, Jerome, 19
Brustein, Robert, 95
Bunyan, John, 109
Busby, Keith, 133
Butler, Judith, 68
Butler, Philip, 165
Butte, George, 66, 107-9, 118n2, 126-29, 130n6, 131n9, 131n10
Byrne, Richard, 124
Canaletto (Canal, Giovanni Antonio), 52-54
capitalism, 84-85, 88n38, 248, 250-52, 255
Carroll, Lewis, 8, 188, 192-98, 207, 215-16n9, 216n11. See also Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge
Carruthers, P., 147n17
El casamiento engañoso (Cervantes), 10, 289-302
Cassidy, Kimberly Wright, 222
Castro, Américo, 298
catharsis, 96, 100, 166. See also Aristotle
causal generalization, 262, 266-67
La Celestina (Rojas), 129, 130n7
Center for Cognitive Literary Studies (at Purdue), 10
Certeau, Michel de, 67
Cervantes, Miguel de, 7, 10, 123-31, 289-302
Cerveris, Michael, 95
The Chair (film), 82
Chalmers, David J., 28
change blindness, 221
Changing Asia (Kisch), 9, 247-56. See also Asien gründlich verändert
“Changing Minds” (Knox), 9, 247-56
characters and characterization (in literature): attribution theory and, 29-40, 72-73, 123-31; cognitive-theoretical approaches to, 6, 105-20; distraction as positive indicator in, 105-20; Free Indirect Discourse and, 7, 116, 175-84; mediating role of, with respect to the reader, 188-99, 201-16; mental states of, 105-20, 223; paranormal natures of, 201-16; readers’ interpretations of, 106, 175-84; reception of, from historical perspective, 133-34; relative depth of, 108-9, 112-13; representations of minds of, 133-47, 187-99, 289-302; Theory of Mind of, 125-32, 133-47, 220, 225-27, 229-44, 280; understandings of, 1
Chekhov, Anton, 22-23
chiasmus, 171
children: 9, 56, 59, 60, 143, 165, 178-9, 198, 221, 251, 255; autism and, 136, 144, 147n4; blending and, 42-47, 53-54; death and, 136, 214-15n4, 241n2, 242n5, 242n8, 242n9, 243n16, 233, 282; education and, 192-94; as fictional characters, 31, 33, 136, 142, 167, 194, 205, 229-44; intersubjectivity of, 235; language development and, 177-78; memory and, 236; social deixis and, 177; storytelling and, 99; Theory of Mind of, 3, 13, 17-18, 31, 102n4, 135, 144, 196-97, 230, 234, 237, 243n12, 253, 282
children’s literature, 43, 188, 216n11, 222. See also “Aunt Charlotte and the NGA Portraits” and Harold and the Purple Crayon
Chimpanzee Politics (de Waal), 21
chimpanzees, 2-4, 16-18, 21, 135, 146n11, 279. See also the brain; cognitive evolutionary psychology; evolution
Chodorow, Nancy, 235
Christianity (Christ), 109, 179, 184, 293, 296-300, 301n13
Chu, June Y., 222
Clark, Andy, 28
cluster analysis (brain imaging technique), 264-68, 270n5
coding, 222-23
cognitive evolutionary psychology, 2, 5-6, 16-18, 45-46, 63-70, 84, 96, 110, 126-27, 129, 130n5, 130n6, 131n9, 131n10, 195-97, 214, 247, 260, 273-74, 278-80, 283-86
cognitive linguistics, 3, 165-73, 175-84
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention (Posner), 114
cognitive poetics, 8, 165, 172
cognitive science and scientists: attention and, 114; creativity and, 120n11; dream studies and, 220-24; empathy and, 45, 273; hyperfocus and, 110-11; imagination and, 60, 118n4; laughter and, 100-101; limits of, as far as research questions, 3, 295; literary, cultural studies and, 3-4, 6-7, 10, 66, 69, 84-85, 127; music as subject of, 95, 120n12; neuroscience and, 64-65, 260-62, 270n6; propaganda and, 247-56. See also brain; evolution; memory; mind
Cohen, Morton N., 198n5
Cohn, Dorrit, 87n18, 182, 183n10, 216n10
Cold War, 156
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 19
Collier, John, 76
Colloquy of the Dogs (Cervantes), 289-302
colonialism, 250
Commonweal, 95
communism, 247-56
Communist Party, 248
compassion, 70, 166, 175, 276, 277, 281, 285, 286n4. See also empathy
compression (of outer-space analogies in blending), 50, 54-60, 57-60
compulsion, 98-99
A Confession (Collier), 76, 77
consciousness, 27-28, 31, 65, 97, 102n6, 107, 110, 120n14, 127, 130n6, 144, 155, 157, 161n9, 181, 198n10, 209, 216n10, 232, 237, 241n1, 242n6, 278, 292-300
Conte del Graal (Chrétien de Troyes), 7, 133-47
contextual thought reports, 30-31
Continuations (of Chrétien de Troyes’s unfinished Conte del Graal), 133, 145n3
conversation (as form of language), 16-18, 20. See also language
Il Convivio (Dante), 22
Count Basil (Baillie), 87n17
Craik, Kenneth, 19
Crime and Punishment (Dostoyevski), 256
cultural intelligence hypothesis, 17
Damasio, Antonio, 6, 28, 96-97, 99-100, 102n6, 295
A Dance in the Country (Renoir), 79-80
Dante, Alighieri, 22
Darrieussecq, Marie, 8, 201-16, 216n9
daughters, 9, 28, 37, 156, 177, 179, 221, 229-44, 250
Davis, Lucy, 63-64
Davis, Lydia, 13
The Deceitful Marriage (Cervantes), 10, 289-302
deep intersubjectivity, 106-9, 118n2, 126-29. See also Butte, George
deictic projection, 8, 176-80, 182, 183n11
Dennett, Daniel, 28, 30, 86n9, 130n5
Derrida, Jacques, 204, 206, 215n6
Descartes, René, 260, 297, 299
desires, 1, 64, 67, 88n38, 99, 107-8, 117, 129, 165-67, 179, 188, 192, 280-81, 283, 286n1, 295. See also emotion; mental states; the mind
detective fiction, 15-16, 189-91, 254, 282
The Dialogic Imagination (Bakhtin), 130n7
Diálogo de la lengua (Valdés), 299
Diaries (Kafka), 220
Diccionario de Autoridades, 296
Diderot, Denis, 110, 114, 119n8
difference (as constitutive of subjectivity), 9, 259-70
disinterest, 2
La Disparition (Perec), 214n3
“Distraction as Liveliness of Mind” (Phillips), 6, 105-20
distraction (character trait), 105-20
Djikic, Maja, 23
Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge, 188-99, 198n5. See also Carroll, Lewis
Doležel, Lubomir, 290
Domhoff, G. William, 220-22
Donald, Merlin, 130n6
Donley, Corrine R., 144
Donne, John, 21
Donnellan, Declan, 94
Donnelly, Liza, 85
Don Quixote (Cervantes), 7, 123-31, 289-90, 297
Dostoyevski, Fedor, 256
double-scope integration, 6, 41-61, 131n10
Doyle, John, 93-103
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (Stevenson), 9, 219-27
drama (genre), 93-103. See also specific texts, productions, and playwrights dreams, 19-20, 202, 219-26
Drew, Robert, 82
Drew Associates, 81
Duckworth, Robinson, 198n5
Dunbar, Robin, 2, 16-19, 130n5, 130n8, 279
dynamic standpoint mapping. See standpoint mapping
education, 135-37, 142, 147n13, 192
electronic voice phenomena (EVP), 211
Elfenbein, Andrew, 120n13
Elster, Jon, 295
embedded narratives, 297-300. See also Palmer, Alan
embodied transparency, 6, 63-85, 87n18, 216n10, 236. See also body; brain; mind
Emma (Austen), 295
Emmott, Catherine, 162n14
emotion: attributions of, 137; biological basis of, 6, 96-97, 99; changes to, as a result of literary encounter, 23; chimpanzees, of, 16; contagiousness of, 273, 275; conveyed by FID, 7, 153; deictics and, 176; dreams and, 225; emotional resonance, 111; empathy and, 243n16, 273-84; images’ impacts on, 225; imputed through ToM, 8, 160, 243n12, 243n16; literary characters, of, 113-16, 123, 137-38, 153, 159, 166, 188, 190, 206, 210, 229, 237, 243n16, 244n18; memory and, 230, 244n21; narrative simulation and, 21; non-human characters, of, 188, 194; physical indicators of, 6, 65-66, 69, 71-82, 112, 186n13, 187n17, 275; propaganda and, 247; readers’ attribution of, 29; relationship of, to mind, 295-96; response in spectator or reader, 8, 93-102, 165-66, 238-39, 242n10; transparency of, as sadistic, 73-74; understanding and predicting behavior, 10, 15. See also brain; Damasio, Antonio
empathy: and ToM, 1, 9; as a cognitive process, 243n16; as social ability, 10, 18-19, 22-23, 66; by literary characters, 9, 138, 230-31, 236, 240-41, 243n16; by spectators 99, 101; cognitive foundations of, 96; definitions of, 1, 96; mirroring and, 6, 93, 96, 102n4; models of, 9, 273-87; readers’ for characters, 6, 18, 23, 175
Encyclopédie (Diderot), 110, 119n8
Enders, Jody, 146n8
Engaging Audiences (McConachie), 97
the Enlightenment, 127, 275-76
Erasmus, Desiderius, 20
erlebte Rede. See Free Indirect Discourse (FID)
Essay on Human Understanding (Locke), 111
Evans, J. St. B. T., 249
evolution: aesthetics and, 2; brain development and, 17, 45-46; cognitive processes and, 6, 41, 63-70, 84, 96, 130n6, 131n9, 131n10, 273; empathy and, 273-74, 278-81, 283, 285; lag in, 129; mental representation and, 64; narrative theory and, 5. See also the brain, chimpanzees, Theory of Mind evolutionary psychology: 64-66, 127, 130n5, 131n9
EVP (electronic voice phenomena), 211
“Explaining the Emergence of Autobiographical Memory in Early Childhood” (Nelson), 236
externalist perspective (on the mind), 5, 27-38
Eyes of Love (Kern), 77
facial expressions, 5, 14, 33-34, 65-66, 102n4, 234, 283
Fallen Idol (Collier), 77
Family Secrets (Rushkin), 241n1
fantasy, 8, 188, 195, 197, 205, 291
Fauconnier, Gilles, 4, 41-42, 131n10
Feeny, Nohr, 222
feminism and feminist criticism, 235, 243n13
Feminism and Psychoanalytic Theory (Chodorow), 235
fiction: as make-believe, 214; as model of social world, 19-23; as simulation, 5, 19; attribution theory and, 29; diary, 212; empathy’s necessity to, 274, 276-77, 280; epistolary, 212; in the Renaissance, 130n7; internalist perspective on, 5, 28; paranormal nature of, 201-16; representations of minds and, 27, 107, 229-44, 283-86; sentimental, 127; social role of and responses to, 5, 16-19, 27-40, 71. See also detective fiction; embodied transparency; empathy; literature; narrative; specific works, authors, and theorists
fiction, science. See science fiction
fictional minds, 31, 38, 70, 108-9, 117, 123, 125, 127-28, 134, 154, 158-59, 198n10, 290-93, 295, 298-300
Fictional Minds (Palmer), 3, 70, 86n2, 154, 160n2, 296
The Fictions of Language and the Language of Fictions (Fludernik), 154
FID. See Free Indirect Discourse Fidler, Dorothy, 18
Fielding, Henry, 72
Fielding, Sarah, 73
Fight Club (Palahniuk), 73-74
Fillmore, Charles, 175
Fish, Stanley, 242n6
Fisher King, 142-46
Flaubert, Gustave, 153-54
Flavell, J. H., 247
Flerx, Vicki C., 18
Fletcher, Pamela M., 76-78
Fludernik, Monika, 9, 154, 158, 216n15
folk pyschology, 1
Forster, E. M., 108-9
Foucault, Michel, 249
Fowler, Roger, 162n15
Frankel, Richard, 99
Frappier, Jean, 144
Free Indirect Discourse (FID; erlebte Rede), 7, 153-62
Freud, Sigmund, 202, 215n4, 215n7, 281
Freund, Charles Paul, 85
Frith, Christopher D., 3
Frith, Uta, 135
“Functional Brain Imaging and the Problem of Other Minds” (Lloyd, Calhoun, Pearlson, and Astur), 9, 259-71
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 4, 9, 260, 268, 270n6. See also brain imaging
Gallagher, Helen L., 3
The Game of Logic (Dodgson), 197n2
games (as analogy to representational strategy of literature), 188
Garcia, S. M., 255
Gardner, Elysa, 95
Garfield, Jay L., 196
Gattaca (film), 68
the gaze, 38, 77-78, 119n5, 155, 159, 236. See also facial expressions; look
Geertz, Clifford, 28
gender(ing), 71, 79, 127, 204, 243n18
general crystallized intelligence (gC), 120n12
general fluid intelligence (gF), 120n12
Germany, 248-49
Gerould, Daniel, 94
ghosts, 8-9, 203-7, 213-16, 229-31, 234-35, 240, 241n1
Gillespie, Nick, 85
Gimme Shelter (film), 83
Girard, René, 286n1
Gödel, Escher, Bach (Hofstadter), 175
The Golden Ass (Apuleius), 224
Goldman, Alvin I., 86n3, 86n5, 146n10
Gombrich, Ernst, 78
Goodall, Jane, 21
Goodwin, Karen, 220
gossip, 279
Grand Guignol, 94-95
Haining, Peter, 94
Hakemulder, Frank, 18
Hall, Calvin S., 222
Hamburg Dramaturgy (Lessing), 276
Hamilton, Craig, 172
Harold and the Purple Crayon (Johnson), 42-43, 43, 50. See also children’s literature
Harris, Jocelyn, 119n9
Hartman, Ernest, 225
hauntology, 215n6
Hawke, Ethan, 68
Headrick, Charlotte, 98
hearing and overhearing, 179
Hearts and Minds (film), 83
Heidegger, Martin, 292
Hirsh, Jacob, 19
Hitchcock, Alfred, 100
holy or “Blessed” fools, 135
Horsley, John, 80
Horvath, Rita, 242n6
“How is it Possible to have Empathy? Four Models” (Breithaupt), 10, 273-88
How Our Lives Become Stories (Eakin), 236, 243n13
How Proust Can Change Your Life (de Botton), 22
Humphrey, Hubert, 82
Husserl, Edmund, 275
Hutchins, Edwin, 28
hyperfocus, 110-11
hypothesis (linguistic function), 19
I Know That You Know That I Know (Butte), 66, 107, 126
Ickes, William, 15-16
ideational fluency, 118n4, 120n13
identity: group, 250; personal, 88n38, 234-36, 243n13
imagination: and the mind’s eye, 153; and ToM, 13; blending and, 41-42, 45; conscience and, 298; creative, 1; empathy and, 275; memory and, 225; of an audience, 99, 166; power of the, 60; role of, with respect to the soul, 294
imitatio, 290. See also mimesis
“The Importance of Deixis and Attributive Style for the study of Theory of Mind” (Bockting), 8, 175-85
initial base-rate bias, 252
intentionality (intentional states, Intentional Stance), 1, 3, 17-19, 21, 44, 46-47, 64-70, 76, 86n9-10, 108, 129, 130n5, 131n8, 131n10, 134, 139-41, 143, 167, 187, 190-91, 196, 203, 214n1, 255-56, 292. See also Dennett, Daniel
intermental thought, 4-5, 28-31, 36, 231. See also intersubjectivity
internalist perspective, 5, 27-28, 30, 36, 38-39
the Internet, 6, 64, 85, 157n19
interpretive communities, 242n6
intersubjectivity, 28, 106-07, 118n2, 126-29, 231, 234-39, 243n14, 261, 273. See also deep intersubjectivity; intermental thought
In the Lake of the Woods (O’Brien), 214n3
intramental thought (private thought), 30
intuition, 192
Irwin, John, 183n6
Isen, Alice M., 120n11
Isherwood, Charles, 94
Islam, 250
Is There a Text in This Class? (Fish), 242n6
Jack the Ripper, 94
Jakobson, Roman, 15
Johnson, Crockett, 42
Johnson, Robert A., 146n8
Jowett, Garth, 248
Kafka, Franz, 9, 219-20, 224-26
Kandel, Eric, 196
Kanner, Leo, 135
Kant, Immanuel, 282
Kauffmann, Walter, 66
Kawin, Bruce, 183n6
Kecskemeti, Paul, 256
Keen, Suzanne, 243n16
Keller, Jennie W., 144
Kennedy, John F., 82
Kenny, Anthony, 297
Kern, Stephen, 77-80
Kierkegaard, Søren, 296
knighthood, (knight errant), 123, 126, 130, 133, 136-43, 147n18
Kurosawa, Akira, 215n5
“The Lady with the Little Dog” (Chekov), 22-23
Lahr, John, 101
Lakoff, George, 4
language: anti-patriarchal versions of, 159; blending and, 4, 54-55, 56-60; brain imagining’s hopes for, 268-69; conversation’s requirements and, 16-18; empathy and, 174, 284; in FID, 153, 158-59, 160n2-3; mistrust of, by the traumatized, 234; necessity of, for ToM activities, 146n10, 234; origins of, 16-20; schizophrenic, 179-80; social function of, 16-17, 196, 234, 237, 279; un-naturalness of, 213. See also analogy; body language; deictic position; deixis; metaphor; Saussure; sign language
The Language of Psychosis (Rosenbaum and Sonne), 178
Larocque, Laurette, 15
Latta, Robert, 100
laughter, 100-101
Lazarillo de Tormes (anonymous), 128, 130n7
Leek, Frederike van der, 181
Lessing, Gottfried, 275-78
Leverage, Paula, 7, 10, 133-47
Levin, Daniel T., 221
Levinas, Emanuel, 282
Levitin, Daniel, 129
“Liar!” (Asimov), 191-92
Light in August (Faulkner), 181
linguistics, 3, 216n13. See also cognitive linguistics; specific linguists
Linguistics and the Novel (Fowler), 162n15
literalness, 140. See also autism; Chrétien de Troyes
The Literary Mind (Turner), 4
literary studies: “cognitive turn” in, 3;
ToM’s functionality in, 4
literature: aesthetics and, 281-83; attribution theory and, 29, 69, 175-85; children’s, 42-43, 47-61, 222; as cultural representation, 70-85; effect of, on ToM, 108; fictional minds in, 289-302; ghost literature, 201-16; mimetic focus on, 66; place of, as human enterprise, 4; positive (mental) effects of, 22-23; as rule-based system, 188-99; social (conversational) aspects of, 17-19; ToM’s necessity to the functioning of, 1-3. See also characters and characterization; fiction; language; narrative; specific authors, works, and theorists
Literature and Cognitive Science Conference, 4
Little Dorrit (Dickens), 5, 29-40
Litz, A. Walton, 120n14
Locke, John, 109, 111, 119n6, 139n9
Lodge, David, 134
logic, 8, 52, 109, 142, 159, 187-99, 204, 206, 215, 249, 262, 284, 299. See also symbolic logic
love, 295-97
Lutz, Donna J., 222
Lyons, John, 176
Machiavellian intelligence, 124-26
Madame Bovary (Flaubert), 153-54
Mademoiselle Scudery (Hoffmann), 282
magnetic resonance, 268. See also functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Mahler, Anna, 156
Mahler, Gustav, 156
Mahler-Werfel, Alma, 156
Marlowe, Christopher, 205
Martin, Jay, 183n6
Master Flea (Hoffmann), 87n18
Mauron, Charles, 165
McConachie, Bruce, 6, 97-98, 100, 102n5
McCracken, Peggy, 147n21
McEwan, Ian, 134
McLane, Betsy A., 82
Medina, John, 96
memory: 97, 102n6, 146n8, 198n9, 198-99n12, 225, 232, 243n16, 244n21, 277, 295, 298; autobiographical memory, 236; collective memory, 239-40; as externalized, 20; working memory, 120n13. See also trauma
mental model, 15-18, 21, 167, 281
mental states: as impetus for bodily action, 68-70, 75; intentional state, 17-18, 21, 292; models’ or representations’ relation to, 16-17, 31-32, 41-61, 97, 146n10; novels and, 4; physicality of, 6; relative visibility of, 63-85. See also brain; Dennett, Daniel; embodied transparency; intermental thought; mentalizing; mind
Merchant, Stephen, 63-64, 80-81
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 66, 275
metacognition, 247
The Metamorphosis (Kafka), 9, 219-26
metaphor, 4, 19-20, 204, 208-11, 216n13, 289-90
metarepresentations, 187-99, 207, 254, 254, 255-56
Mical, Thomas, 215n6
Middlemarch (Eliot), 36-38
A Midsummer Night’s Dream (Shakespeare), 20, 187
Midwood, William, 78
Miller, D. T., 255
mimesis, 66, 290. See also representation Mimesis (Auerbach), 66
the mind: alien and artificial minds, 187-99; analogous models of, 45-46; animals and, 3, 54, 135, 209; autism’s effect on the opacity of, 133-47; judgment, intuition, and, 192, 195, 197, 224, 282, 294; mental spaces and, 41-60; “mind’s eye” and, 153-63, 208; as ontology, 297-99; projection and, 8, 43-46, 51, 275-78, 283-84; relationship of, to the body, 6, 115; relative visibility of, through the body, 63-85, 201-16, 234, 236; representations of, in characterizations, 107-20, 281-83, 290-92, 295, 297, 299, 300. See also brain; cognitive evolutionary psychology; language; Theory of Mind (ToM)
mindblindness, 135, 138-39, 144. See also autism
mind reading. See Theory of Mind Mindreading (O’Connell), 1
mirroring (cognitive), 6, 93-102, 204, 273, 275-80, 299
mirror neurons, 65-66, 86n5, 86n6, 215n9, 273, 275, 277, 280
Mithen, Steven, 19-20
Monty Python and the Holy Grail (Gilliam and Jones), 133, 145n1
morality (mind’s relation to), 146n10, 291-303
Moreira-Slepoy, Garciela, 232
Moreno Báez, Enrique, 302n17
Morón Arroyo, Ciriaco, 297, 299, 301n3, 301n12, 302n19
Morte d’Arthur (Mallory), 134
“Mother-Child Reminiscing and Children’s Understanding of the Mind” (Reese and Sutcliffe), 230
“Mother / Daughter Mind Reading and Ghostly Intervention in Toni Morrison’s Beloved” (Priborkin), 9, 229-44
Muñoz Iglesias, Salvador, 298
Nachwelt (Streeruwitz), 7, 153-62
Naissance des fantômes (Darrieussecq), 8, 201-16
naïveté, 133-47
Nameless and Friendless (Osborn), 80
Narrating Modernity (Fletcher), 76-78
narrative and narrators: assimilation of, as schemas, 19, 21; attribution theory and, 29-40; consistency of, as necessity, 189; covert, 153-62; embedded narratives, 13, 192, 195, 198n10, 293, 295, 297-300; empathy and, 9, 10, 236, 243n16, 273-86; evolutionary theory and, 5; first-person, 8, 71, 75, 128, 155, 156, 160, 169, 262; Fludernik and Richardson on, 9, 213, 216n15; internalist and externalist perspectives on, 5; internalist bias of, 5, 27; master narratives and, 232; narrative theory, 5, 27, 28, 32, 38, 162n14, 269, 289; performativity and, 167-72; relative reliability of, 74-75, 87n16, 187, 203-4, 207, 209, 215n5; self-narration, 236-38; strategies of, 108, 238, 293; third-person, 7, narrative and narrators (continued) 153-60, 161n6, 162n14, 233, 238-39; threatened subsuming of, from without, 205; travel narratives, 253-55. See also fiction; Free Indirect Discourse (FID); literature
“Narrative Empathy” (Keen), 86n13, 243n16
Nelson, Katherine, 236
Neue Sachlichkeit (movement), 253
“Neurology of Narrative” (Young and Saver), 243n15
neuroscience, 114, 260-69; relation of, to reading, 3. See also cognitive science and scientists
“New Objectivity” (movement), 253
Nichols, Nichelle, 199n13
No Lies (film), 83
Novelas ejemplares (Cervantes), 10, 289-302
novels. See specific authors and works
Nussbaum, Martha, 18, 66, 286n4
Oates, Joyce Carol, 219
Oatley, Keith, 5, 6, 13-26, 282
objectivity, 167, 169, 252, 253, 260, 262, 268-69
O’Brien, Tim, 214n3
obsession, 6, 73, 93, 98-99, 101
O’Connor, Flannery, 183n11
O’Donnel, Victoria, 248
Oedipus: 98, 171; Oedipal complex, 281 The Office (Gervais and Merchant), 63-64, 64, 80-81, 83-84
“Of Heartache and Head Injury” (Richardson), 120n14
“Of Tragedy” (Hume), 66
Olim Kahn, 250
Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, 263
optics, 259-61
Orkney Islands, 46-60
Osborn, Emily Mary, 80
Othello (Shakespeare), 18, 20, 187
other minds, problem of, 9, 13-15, 29-31, 55-56, 66, 70-85, 126, 259-70
Pace-Schott, Edward, 220
paintings, 76-80
Palahniuk, Chuck, 73-75
Palmer, Alan: 5, 6, 86n8, 86n13, 146n9; embedded narratives and, 295; on fiction, 15, 70, 220; Fictional Minds, 3, 70, 86n2, 154, 160n2, 296; intentional states and, 292; intermental thought and, 4, 27-40, 198n10, 231-32, 240; “Intermental Thought in the Novel,” 231; mind-ruts and, 117; narrative theory and, 5, 195; “Social Minds in Little Dorrit,” 5, 27-39; subjectivity and, 160n3; “theory theory” and, 214n1; on thought’s active features, 194; on thought’s relative verbal nature, 161n8
Pamela (Richardson), 76
“Pantaloon in Black” (Faulkner), 181-82
Paradies Amerika (Kisch), 249, 252, 255
paranormal, 8, 201-16. See also ghosts
Parasuraman, Raja, 114
Park, D. C., 252
“Parker’s Back” (O’Connor), 183n11
Parzival (play), 134
patients (as opposed to agents), 172
Paz, Jennifer dela, 19
penance, 298-300
perceptions. See senses and the sensory
Perceval, 133-47. See also Parzival
Perec, Georges, 214n3
performative rhetoric, 167
performativity, 66-68, 80-84, 92-102, 167-72, 201-14, 290. See also body; body language; language
Perkins, Alexis, 222
Perner, Josef, 3
Perry, Tricia, 196
perspective, 259, 261, 283, 292
Persuasion (Austen), 71, 118n2, 120n14, 127
persuasion (definition), 248
Petterson, Candida C., 196
Pfau, Thomas, 282
Phelan, James, 87n16, 88, 183n9
Phelan, Peggy, 68
phenomenology, 66, 127, 260, 263, 270n2
philosophy. See other minds, specific philosophers
physicalism, 260
The Pilgrim’s Progress (Bunyan), 109
Plato, 291
plays (genre), 17, 18, 20, 21, 82, 93-102, 165-73
Pollard, Paul, 249
Posner, Michael, 114
possible worlds, 290-91, 297, 299-300
post-structuralism, 3
Powers, Christopher, 232, 242n7
practical reasoning, 294-99
practice of body theory, 8, 67, 201-16
Praise of Folly (Erasmus), 20
Pratchett, Terry, 189
Priborkin, Klarina, 8-9, 229-44
Pride and Prejudice (Austen), 6, 70-72, 75, 105-20
Primary (Drew), 82
Prince, Hal, 94
problematization (term), 249
propaganda, 9, 247-56. See also metarepresentations
prototypes, 290-91
Provine, Robert R., 101
Psychiatric Times, 96
psychoanalytic theory, 135-36, 177, 235
psychology: 2, 13, 14, 28, 29, 38, 110, 120n11, 126, 127, 128, 129, 139, 165, 176, 177, 216n14, 234, 243n12, 244n21, 247, 252, 260, 273, 278, 292, 298; of characters’ minds, 75, 106, 108, 109, 111, 117-18, 134, 295. See also cognitive evolutionary psychology; specific psychologists
public mind. See social minds
PubMed (database), 260
punctuation (role of, with respect to deixis), 178-79. See also signs (graphic)
Purdue University, 4, 10, 146n7
Rabelais, François, 130n7
race: in explaining Perceval’s behavior, 135-37; race relations and propagandized representation, 252; racial discrimination (in Beloved), 231; representation of interracial relationships, 199n13
Radio Moscow, 248
rationality theory, 139
reading and readers: attentions of, 118; attribution theory and, 29-39, 68, 118; Baron-Cohen’s models and, 9, 253; cognition’s visibility and, 5-6, 105-20; as driving literary changes, 85; moral danger to, 289-302; neuroscience and, 3; reception and reception theories and, 6-8, 105-20, 133-48, 158-60, 165-73, 187-99; representations of, in reading and readers (continued) fiction, 107, 111-16; ToM’s necessity in, 1-2, 154-55, 159, 187-99; transparency’s illusion and, 79
“Reading Phantom Minds” (Keskinen), 8, 201-16
reciprocity (of empathy), 274, 278-81, 283
“Récit de Théramène” (part of Phèdre), 7-8, 165-73
Red Guard, Austrian, 253
remorse, 233, 240, 294-95, 300
Renaissance, 7, 129, 130n7, 215n8, 290, 295
Renoir, Pierre-Auguste, 79
representation: 6, 27, 42, 64-66, 97, 106-8, 120n14, 127, 133, 134, 140, 146n10, 155, 160, 180, 189, 191, 204, 207, 210, 213, 250, 252-56, 265, 266, 268, 269, 281, 283; and blending, 48-54; cultural, 66-85. See also literature; mimesis; mind; Theory of Mind (ToM)
Reproduction of Mothering (Chodorow), 235
Republic of Literature, 289-90
the requirement hypothesis, 14-16, 18
resonance (manipulation technique), 247, 249, 250, 252-53, 256
responsibility: 286n2, 301; of the reader, 292-93
Richardson, Alan, 87n17, 120n14, 146n9
Richardson, Brian, 9, 213, 215n5
Richardson, Samuel, 76, 82, 87n21
Ring World (Niven), 189, 197n3
Rizzolatti, Giacomo, 65, 275, 280
Roach, Joseph, 67
Robinson, John A., 238, 243n18
robot, 8, 46, 187-99, 251, 252
Rockwell, John, 134
Roddenberry, Gene, 188, 197, 199n13
Rogers, Ronald W., 18
Rohmer, Eric, 142, 145n1, 146n7
Rojas, Fernando de, 129, 130n7
Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare), 2
Rosenbaum, Bent, 178-80, 183n7
Rouch, Jean, 82
Rourke, Mary T., 222
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 275
Royle, Nicholas, 216n14
rule, 87n18, 112, 136, 188-197, 261, 292, 298
“Runaround” (Asimov), 189-90
Rushes (film), 83
Rushkin, Esther, 241n1
“Sancho Panza’s Theory of Mind” (Mancing), 7, 123-31
Santa Cruz Lectures on Deixis (Fill-more), 175
sarcasm, 135
Sargent-Baur, Barbara Nelson, 146n8
Saussure, Ferdinand de, 213, 216n13
Saver, Jeffrey L., 243n15
Schacter, Daniel, 244n21
schema, 19, 170, 189, 191, 195, 209, 252, 253
schizophrenia, 8, 65, 179-80, 183n6
Schneider, Adam, 220-2
Schwarz, Joel, 243n12
Schweickert, Richard, 9, 10, 219-26
science, 41, 45, 160n1, 260-62, 268-69, 270n1, 270n2
science, cognitive. See cognitive science and scientists
science fiction, 4, 68, 187-99
Scott, Sir Walter, 117, 289, 296
script (cognitive science term), 78, 124-25
Searching for Memory (Schacter), 244n21
Searle, John, 292
secret discourse, 230
the self-improvement hypothesis, 22-23
selkie (mythical being), 46-60, 60n1
senses and the sensory, 43, 44, 66, 86n15, 93, 96, 111, 140, 157, 161n4, 194, 299. See also body; facial expressions; Merleau-Ponty, Maurice
Serres, Michel, 171
Shakespeare, William, 2, 18-20, 102n1, 129, 131n8, 176, 187, 205
Shank, Roger, 124
Shared Attention Mechanism, 9, 253
Short, Michael H., 159, 162n15
Skurnik, I., 252
signs (graphic), 178, 179, 213
Simenon, Georges, 14-15
simile, 19
Simons, Daniel J., 221
Simons, Penny, 142
simulation, 13, 19-23, 87, 116, 263, 277
simulation theory, 86n3, 139, 147n17, 214n1, 216n9. See also Theory of Mind
small-clause, 180-4
small kindness perception, 278, 281
Smarties task, 282
Smith, P., 147n17
social brain hypothesis, 17
social constructionism, 3
the social improvement hypothesis, 18-19, 22
social minds, 5, 27-39. See also intermental thought; intersubjectivity
solipsism, 32, 198n10, 268. See also other minds
The Sound and the Fury (Faulkner), 8, 175, 177-80
source-monitoring, 203. See also source-tracking
source-tracking, 9, 247, 253-56. See also source-monitoring
Soviet Union, 248, 249, 250, 252, 255
Spain, 127
Spanish Golden Age, 10, 289-301
spectator(s): 8, 67-68, 72, 79, 93-102, 165-67, 244n18, 274, 280, 282, 285. See also reading and readers
Specters of Marx (Derrida), 206
Spitzer, Leo, 165
Spolsky, Ellen, 69, 86n11, 86n12, 87n19
Squire, Larry, 196
standpoint mapping, 261-63, 268-69, 270n2
Stanovich, Keith, 19
Star Trek (Roddenberry), 188, 197, 199n13
Steiner, Peter, 85
Stevenson, Helen, 215n9, 216n10
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 9, 19, 219-26
Stewart, Avril, 133
Stinson, Linda, 15-16
Stockholm syndrome, 278-81
Streeruwitz, Marlene, 7, 153-62
style indirect libre. See Free Indirect Discourse (FID)
subjectivity, 9, 66, 78, 80, 82, 107, 118n1, 127, 129, 153, 157, 158, 159, 160, 160n3, 180, 182, 206, 232, 238, 249, 253, 259-70, 284, 295. See also deep subjectivity; intersubjectivity
Sweeney Todd (Sondheim), 6, 93-102
symbolic logic, 191-93
Symbolic Logic (Dodgson), 192, 197n4
synecdoche, 213
Tajik, Tajikistan, 248, 250, 254-55
Tanner, Tony, 106
Taylor, B.A., 144
Taylor, Marjorie, 243n12
Taylor, Philip M., 247
telepathy, 140, 210, 211, 213, 216n14. See also Grandin, Temple
The Tempest (Shakespeare), 20
theater, 6, 20, 93-102, 127, 156, 178, 274. See also specific works, productions, and playwrights
“Theory of a Murderous Mind” (Calderazzo), 6, 93-102
Theory of Artificial Mind (ToAM), 8, 187-99
Theory of Mind (ToM), 1-3: and brain size, 17; child development and, 3, 13, 96, 230, 243n12; comparative, 107; connections with free indirect discourse, 154; conscience and, 289-301; deficiencies of, in literary characters, 133-48, 178-80, 230; definitions of, 1, 13-15, 18, 29, 64-65, 134-35, 175, 220; dispositions and, 29, 32, 44, 45; dreams and, 9, 219-26; empathy and, 1, 6, 9, 10, 19, 138, 243n16, 273-86; evolution and, 5, 6, 16-19, 21, 63-65, 129, 130n5, 131n10, 279; experiments on, 3, 17, 135, 282; as “hungry” adaptation, 64-67, 84; intermental, 28-39; levels of, in Dunbar, 2; literary theory and, 4, 153-54, 158, 160; literature’s role in stimulating, 108, 160; mental models or representations and, 16-17, 41-60, 133-48, 167; as misnomer, 201; models of approximation and, 281-83; narrator’s, 153, 181-82, 206-07, 209; as necessary to understand intentionality of others, 17-18, 63-85, 131n10; in non-humans, 2-3, 135; as Practice of Body, 201-16; propaganda and, 9, 247-56; rationality theory, 139; of readers, 29, 72, 74, 75, 116, 117, 154-55, 159, 187, 201, 220; reasoning and, 189, 193, 294, 295-99; requirement hypothesis and, 14-16, 18; simulation theory, 86n3, 139, 147n17, 214; social improvement hypothesis and, 18-19; Spanish Golden Age and, 293-95; temporal organization, 182; “theory theory,” 139, 214n1, 276; visual processing capabilities and, 140-42. See also body; brain; language; literature; mind; narrative; reading; specific theorists and researchers
“Theory of Mind and Literature” (conference), 4-5, 10
“Theory of Mind and Metamorphoses in Dreams, Jekyll & Hyde, and The Metamorphosis” (Schweickert and Xi), 9, 219-26
“Theory of Mind and the Conscience in El casamiento engañoso” (Barroso Castro), 10, 289-302
Theory of Minds (plural), 19-23
thought (as preceding language), 155, 158
Through the Looking Glass (Carroll), 193-99
Tom Jones (Fielding), 72
Tomasello, Michael, 17, 19, 131n10, 146n11
Tomlin, Russell, 167
Torrance, Ellis Paul, 120n11
Totem and Taboo (Freud), 215n7
tragedy, 98, 113, 136, 166, 230, 231, 277, 292. See also specific tragedies
Tragedy and Philosophy (Kauffmann), 66
trauma, 136, 207, 229, 230-35, 238, 241n1, 243n18, 244n21, 282-83
travel literature, 253
truth-judgment, 181-82
Turner, Mark, 4-6, 19, 41-60, 131n10, 160n1, 216n13
Turner, Michelle A., 119n4
University of Kharkov, 248
UpDater, 166
USA Today, 95
Uzbek, Uzbekistan, 248, 250, 254-55
Les Vacances de Maigret (Simenon), 14-15
Valdés, Juan de, 299
Van de Castle, Robert L., 220, 222
Venegas, Alejo de, 296
Vile Bodies (Waugh), 195, 198n10
visual processes, 140-42, 161n4, 167, 168, 187, 196, 199, 229, 237, 238, 259-63
The Way by Swann’s (Proust), 13-14
The Way We Think (Turner and Fauconnier), 4, 41, 42, 45, 60n2, 131n10
Weaver, K., 255
Weimar Republic, 248
Werner, Rebecca Stetson, 222
Wertsch, James, 28
West, Richard, 19
Whiten, Andrew, 124
“Whose Mind’s Eye” (William), 7, 153-62
“Why Jane Austen Was Different, and Why We May Need Cognitive Science to See It” (Zunshine), 107, 112, 127
Why We Read Fiction (Zunshine), 2, 15, 86n2, 108, 127, 161n5, 214, 214n1, 216n14
Wild Boy of Aveyron, 135
Wilde, Oscar, 29
William, Jennifer Marston, 7, 10, 153-62
Williams, Gladys, 144
Williams, Harry F., 147n22
Williamson, Edwin, 300
Wilson, Robert, 134, 142, 146n7
Wimmer, Heinz, 3
Woolf, Virginia, 187
Yoon, C., 252
Young, Kay, 243n15
Zaren, Popen, Bolschewiken (Kisch), 248-50
Zoeterman, Sara, 23
Zunshine, Lisa: 1, 29, 112, 127, 130n6, 131n10, 146n9, 162n17, 175, 213, 214, 214n1, 216n10, 220, 222; background of, 131n9; on detective fiction, 189, 191; embodied transparency, 236; enjoyment of mind reading, 15; representation’s role in literature, 107-8, 117, 256; “Theory of Mind and Fictions of Embodied Transparency,” 5-6, 63-88; ToM’s definition, 175. See also “Why Jane Austen Was Different, and Why We May Need Cognitive Science to See It,”; Why We Read Fiction