1. Kunz, Keneva, trans. The Vinland Sagas. The Icelandic Sagas About the First Documented Voyages Across the North Atlantic. New York: Penguin Books, 2008. (This version differs from other translations because it is based upon the Skalholtsbok manuscript, rather than the Hauksbok text.)
2. Ibid, p. 87.
3. Halldorsson, Olafur. Graenland I midaldaritum. Reykjavik, 1978, p. 56.
4. Freedman, David Noel, ed. The Anchor Bible Dictionary: Volume 2. New York: Doubleday, 1992, p. 283.
5. J. J. Tierney, ed. Dicuili. Liber de Mensura Orbis Terrae. Dublin: The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1967, p.115.
6. Strömbäck, Dag. The Conversion of Iceland. London: University College, 1997, p. 62.
7. Lewis-Simpson, Shannon. Vinland Revisited. The Norse World at the Turn of the First Millennium. St. Johns, NL, Canada: Historic Sites Association of Newfoundland and Labrador, Inc., p. 33.
8. Fitzhugh, William, and Ward, Elizabeth, eds. Vikings. The North Atlantic Saga. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2000, p. 18.
9. Seaver, Kirsten A. The Frozen Echo: Greenland and the Exploration of North America, ca. A.D. 1000–1500. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996, p. 27.
10. Reeves, A. M., Beamish, N. L., and Anderson, R. B. The Norse Discovery of America (http://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=de&to=en&a=http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/nda/nda25.htm), 1906.
11. Bumsted, J. M. The Peoples of Canada. A Pre-confederation history. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1992, p. 1.
12. Palsson, Hermann, and Edwards, Paul. Eyrbyggja saga. New York: Penguin Books, 1989, pp. 161–164.
13. Baitsholts, Kenneth. “The First European Accounts of Native North Americans.” In Lewis-Simpson, p. 368.
14. Sutherland, Patricia D. “The Norse and Native Americans.” In Fitzhugh, p. 244.
15. Kunz, p. 58.
16. Efaw, Eric Michael. “The Establishment of Norse Greenland and Vinland: An Examination of the Early Period of Greenlandic Society and Culture and Interactions with the Native Americans and Continental Europeans, A.D. 958–1300” (http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/bitstream/handle/handle/190207/E33_2003EfawEricM_Part1.pdf?sequence=1). Master’s thesis, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 2003, p. 9.
17. Baitsholts, Kenneth, p. 371.
18. Holen, Steven R. and Holen, Kathleen A. “Evidence for a Human Occupation of the North American Great Plains During the Last Glacial Maximum.” In IV Simposio Internacional El Hombre Temprano en America. Instituto Nacional de Antropologie & Historia, 2013, p. 100.
19. Raghavan, Maanasa and Willerslev, Eske. Science, Aug. 29, 2014.
20. Kunz, p. xxviii.
21. McGovern, Thomas H. “The Demise of Norse Greenland.” In Fitzhugh, p. 336.
22. Ibid, p. 327.
23. Ogilvie, A. E., and McGovern, T. H. “Sagas and Science.” In Fitzhugh, p. 390.
24. McGovern, p. 327.
25. Baitsholt, p. 369.
26. McGovern, p. 339.