Index

The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader.

• Affatato, Carmine, 24–29, 37, 44, 45, 95, 103
• Affatato, Charles, 323, 324, 325
• Affatato, Domenick, 323, 324, 325
• Affatato, Domenico, 24, 25, 27, 40–41, 95, 163
• Affatato, Edward, 323, 324, 325
• Affatato, Epifanio, xi, xvii–xviii, 44–48, 78, 125
  • in Flanders, 229
  • in France, 163, 224, 225–26, 228, 229, 241, 255–62, 264–65, 268, 269, 270, 327
  • heroism of, 265, 268, 270, 322, 323
  • induction and training of, 162–63, 164
  • journey of, 24–29, 36–38, 40–41, 362n
  • medals won by, 322
  • postwar life of, 322–25, 327
  • start of war and, 95–97
  • superstitions shed by, 226
  • U.S. citizenship papers of, 103–4
  • wounding of, 264–65, 268
• Affatato, Filomena Mancuso, 323, 324
• African Americans, 110, 150–51, 247, 248, 333
• Aguinaldo, Emilio, 76
• Aire River, 290, 291, 298, 300, 308
• Aisne-Marne operation, 205–20
• Aisne River, 219, 273, 287
• Alabama National Guard, 149–50
• Alcatraz, Calif., 184, 186–87, 321–22
• Alexander II, Czar of Russia, 94, 179
• All Quiet on the Western Front (Remarque), 213
• Alpine Landing, N.Y., 188, 189
• America, Americans
  • becoming, 63–64, 67–68, 77–78, 93, 101–2, 120, 313–14
  • character of, 66
  • forced integration as, 154–55
  • hyphenated, 101, 113, 154
  • Teddy Roosevelt Sr.’s views on, 67–68, 101, 102
• American Cemetery 88, 306
• American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), xvi, xxii, 132–33, 203, 239, 240, 317, 328
  • Pershing made commander of, 130, 365n
  • size of, 147
• American Scene, The (James), 65–66
• American Truth Society, 102
• Amish, 178, 180
• Anabaptists, 178
• Anaconda Copper Mining Company, 86, 104–5
• Ancient Order of Hibernians, 105, 126
• anti-Austrian sentiments, 202
• anti-German sentiments, 173–84, 202
• anti-immigrant sentiments, xvii–xviii, xx, 34, 66–68
  • draft and, 130–31
• anti-Semitism, 94, 150, 236, 333. See also pogroms
• Argonne, xv, xix, 247–53, 255, 257, 273, 289–93, 296–308, 328
• Argyle Coal Company, 59, 60, 116
• Arlington National Cemetery, Unknown Soldier at, 335–36
• Army, U.S., 122–56
  • carelessness with equipment in, 225
  • chaplains in (see chaplains)
  • draft for (see draft, U.S.)
  • forced integration in, 154–55
  • Foreign-speaking Soldier Subsection of (FSS), 141–42
  • lack of preparedness of, 123–24
  • morale problems in, 140–41, 203, 259
  • National, 142, 159, 162, 164
  • in Philippine-American War, 75–76
  • Regular, 123, 142, 148, 161
  • training and equipping ineptitude of, 145, 164–65
• ASARCO, 108
• Assembly of God church, 344
• Atlanta, Ga., 117–18, 165–66
• Atlantic Fleet, 73
• Australian Corps, 247, 256, 269
• Austria-Hungary, 17, 70, 91, 104, 146, 202, 272, 328
  • at Caporetto, 146, 147
  • Jews in, 94
  • Slovak views of, 107, 138, 139
  • start of war and, 79–80, 83, 84–85
  • surrender of, 306
  • in Triple Alliance, 97
  • U.S. declaration of war against, 128–29, 138, 147
• Austrian Americans, 140
• Authe, 308

• Baker, Newton, 180
• Bar-sur-Aube, 282, 283
• Barzini, Luigi, 96
• Base Hospital 34, 305–6
• Basilicata (formerly Lucania), xvi, 7–12, 52, 315–16
• bayonets, 151, 244, 259–60
  • Kocak’s use of, 201, 368n
• Belarus, 30, 92
• Belfast, 19–20, 42, 114, 317
• Belgic (ship), 190, 193
• Belgium, 43, 91, 98, 288
  • Germans in, 80, 82, 85, 87, 94, 146, 175, 306
  • in Grand Offensive, 247, 300–302
• Belleau Wood, Battle of (1918), 168–71, 197, 199, 204, 275, 276
• Bellizzi, Charles, 195
• Benedict XV, Pope, 103
• Berlin, 81, 306
• Bessemer, Mich., 87–91, 143, 144, 216, 218
• Bessemer Brewing Company, 89, 90
• Bethincourt, 250, 251
• Bible, 174, 178, 346
• Binghamton, N.Y., 106–7, 137–39, 272, 273, 342, 343
• blacks
  • in French armed forces, 203–4, 205
  • See also African Americans
• Black Tom Island explosion, 114–15
• Blanc Mont, 248, 271–95, 306, 309, 334
• Bliss, Fort, 171–72
• Blue Riband, 31
• Bois de Breteuil, 210, 216
• Bois de Fays, 289
• Bois des Loges, xv, 298–300, 302–6, 308, 341
• Bolsheviks, xviii, xx, 142, 146, 157, 314, 333
• bombing, 203, 224, 232, 308, 327
• Bony, 258, 270, 370n
• boot camps
  • fighting at, 149–51
  • See also names of specific camps
• Bosnia, 79, 80
• Bouresches, 169, 207, 208
• Brandenburg, Broughton, 26, 29, 33–34
• Brattestø, John, 16, 55
• Brattestø, Magnus Andreas. See Christofferson, Andrew
• Brattestø, Tollef, 55, 84
• Brest, 161, 282
• Brevda, Mr., 4–6, 30
• British Expeditionary Force, 114, 157–58, 317
• British Military Medal, 23, 322
• Brooklyn, 36, 131, 324, 331
  • Italians in, 41, 44–47, 95, 97, 103–4, 162, 163
• Brown, Winks, 318
• Browning guns, 46, 139
• Bryan, Eugene C., 142
• Buell, Ralph Polk, 255–56, 258, 263–64, 268
• Buffalino, Mrs., 53
• Buffalino family, 52, 53
• Buffalo, N.Y., 62, 128
• Buffs (regiment), 229
• Burges, Richard F., 153–54, 283–86, 334
• Butte, Mont., 20, 42, 81, 86–87, 104–6, 133
  • antidraft sentiments in, 126–27
  • postwar, 317–18

• Cahan, Abraham, 50, 93–94, 126
• Cain, James M., 257
• Calabria, 9, 24–25, 97, 103, 104, 225, 226
• California, 76, 118, 227, 336
• Campania (ship), 32, 34–35
• Camp Bowie, 153–54, 283
• Camp Custer, 143–44
• Camp Devens, 165
• Camp Dix, 164, 329
• Camp Forrest, 161
• Camp Funston, 180
• Camp Gordon, xviii, 133, 136–37, 139–42, 147, 152, 159, 231, 272
  • FSS at, 141
  • “Camp Gordon plan,” 141–42
• Camp Lewis, 133, 149, 173, 175, 181, 186, 188
• Camp Meade, 134, 135
• Camp Merritt, 188–89
• Camp Pike, 144, 206, 340
• Camp Sevier, 171
• Camp Upton, xviii, 134–35, 156, 159, 162–63, 165, 196, 322
• Camp Wadsworth, 150–52, 160, 161–62
• Canto Degli Emigranti, Il (“The Song of the Emigrants”), 12–13
• Caporetto, 146, 147
• Carnegie Steel Company, 11
• Carranza, Venustiano, 108
• Carras, Nicholas, 237–38
• Carrizal, Battle of (1916), 110
• Catholics, 101, 333
  • chaplains for, 196–97, 208, 239, 258
  • Italian, 9, 103, 140
  • Kaszub, 88, 145, 208, 216–17
  • Polish, 17–18, 59, 60, 61, 81, 127–28, 140
  • Slovakian, 70, 106–7, 140
• cavalry, U.S., 108, 110, 166–67, 346–47
• Champagne, 236, 248, 273–87, 309
• Champigneulle, xv, 298, 299
• chaplains, 196–97, 208, 216–17, 219, 239, 258
  • Jewish, 196–97, 234, 268, 270
  • marine, 287–88
• Chase, William Merritt, 42
• Château-Thierry, 168, 198, 209, 232
• Chauchat machine gun, 236
• Chicago, Ill., 128, 185–86
• Chinook, Mont., 56, 84, 86, 171, 344
• chlorine gas, 98, 152, 269
• Chmielewski, Chester, 61
• Chmielewski, Frank, 17–19, 58–62, 116, 122–23
  • postwar life of, 329, 330
  • start of war and, 81–83, 95
• Chmielewski, Joseph (nephew), 330
• Chmielewski, Joseph (uncle), xi, xvii, 17–19, 60–63, 116–17, 122–23, 191
  • enlistment of, 129–30
  • in Great War, 78, 307–9
  • postwar life of, 329–30
  • start of war and, 81–83
  • training of, 161–62
  • in transport to Europe, 190
• Chmielewski, Mary Yablonsky, 61–62, 116, 329
• Chopin, Frédéric, 17
• Christian Science Monitor, xxi
• Christofferson, Andrew, xii, xvii, 13–16, 54–56, 99, 362n
  • enlistment and training of, 170–71
  • in Great War, 78, 293–94, 307, 309–11
  • journey of, 35, 41
  • postwar life of, 344–46
  • religious conversion of, 55–56, 85, 344
  • start of war and, 84–86
• Christofferson, Juline Ostrem, 16, 35, 344
• Christofferson, Nellie, 345
• Christofferson, Norman, 344–45
• Christofferson, Ruth, 345
• Christ Stopped at Eboli (Levi), 7
• Cieminski, Boleslaw, 338, 339
• Cieminski, Mary. See Kondziela, Mary Cieminski
• Cieminski, Maximilian, xii, 87–91, 143
  • death of, 213–18, 337–40, 369n
  • drafting and training of, 143–45
  • in France, xviii–xix, 159, 160, 205–11, 213–18, 234
  • missing trigger finger of, 89, 207
  • stake in war of, 87–88, 95
• Cieminski, Mrs. Paul, 90
• Cieminski, Paul, 88, 89, 90
• Ciorlano, 57, 243
• citizenship, U.S., 74, 322–23, 372n
  • amended law and, 167, 188, 237–38
  • draft and, 128–31, 133, 165
• Civilian Public Service (CPS), 321
• Civil War, U.S., 100, 124
• Clapp, Eugene H., 54, 104, 125
• Clark, George B., 278–79
• Clark, Sergeant, 264
• coal mines, 45, 58, 59, 60, 116, 329
• Coburn, Harold D., 183
• Columbus, N. Mex., 108–9
• Committee of the Foreign Born, 185–86
• Committee on Public Information (CPI), 177, 184–86
• con artists, 25–26
• Congress, U.S., xx, xxii, 83, 333–34, 338
  • draft and, 120, 123, 124
  • entry into war and, 119–21
  • naturalization laws and, 167
• Congressional Medal of Honor, 326, 327, 342, 343
• Congress Poland (Russian Partition), 18–21, 92
• Connecticut Fights (Strickland), 218, 369n
• Conrad, Joseph, 17
• conscientious objectors (COs), 100–101, 131–32, 175, 178, 180–81, 319–22
  • court-martials of, 181–84, 187, 188
  • noncombative service and, 180
• copper mining, 42, 43, 86–87, 104–5, 116, 126
• Cosgrove, Bertram M., 236–37
• Costantino, Leonardo, 191, 194, 226–27, 238–39, 251, 292–93, 301
• courts-martial, 72, 181–84, 187, 188
• Creel, George, 177, 184–86
• Croix de Guerre, 318, 323, 343
• Crump, Irving, 134–35, 155
• Cubberley, Ellwood P., 66
• Cuisy, 250, 251
• Cukela, Louis, 148, 201–5, 207
• Cunard Line, 31, 32, 42, 98–100
• Cunel, 302, 306
• Czechoslovakia, 342, 343
• Czechoslovak Legion, 138

• Danforth, William, 174
• D’Angelo, Pascal, 25
• Daniels, Josephus, 343
• Davenport, Charles, 66
• Day of Sorrow (1919), 333
• Debs, Eugene V., 177
• Declaration of Neutrality (1914), 83–84
• Decorah Posten, 84–85, 86, 99
• democracy, 119, 124, 312, 317
• Democrats, 112–13, 118, 326
• development battalions, 141, 162
• Dewey, Thomas, 343
• Dickebusch Lake, 229
• Doane, Francis H., 265, 270
• Dominican Republic, 111–12
• Domnitz, Aaron, 49
• Dos Passos, John, 191–93, 207–8, 336
• draft, U.S., 120, 123–33, 162
  • exemptions from, 128–29, 131, 163
  • Hutterites and, 131, 173–75, 180
  • opposition to, 126–27, 130–31
  • physical exams and, 132, 143
• Dreben, Helen Spence, 153, 282, 334–35
• Dreben, Samuel, xii, xx, 69, 73–78, 364n, 367n
  • at Blanc Mont, 282–86, 288, 334
  • daughter’s death and, 282, 334, 371n
  • Hollywood qualities of, 284, 371n
  • in Lorraine, 309, 372n
  • marriages of, 153, 336
  • in Philippine-American War, 75–76
  • postwar life of, 334–37
  • in Punitive Expedition, 109–10, 334
  • as soldier of fortune, 74, 77, 108, 153
  • synagogue of, 234
  • in Texas National Guard, 153–54
• Drum, Hugh A., 252–53
• DuBois, W. E. B., 45
• Duffy, Francis, 219, 223, 230
• Duvid (Sam Goldberg’s maternal uncle), 92

• education, 19, 94, 117, 152
• Edward, Prince of Wales, 322
• 8th Irish Fusiliers, 114
• 18th Field Artillery, 171–72
• 81st “Wildcat” Division, 171, 293–94, 307, 309–11
• 82nd “All-American” Division, 142, 152, 159–61, 299, 316
  • 320th Field Artillery of, xv–xvi, 142, 159–60, 231–33, 238, 290, 291–92
  • 325th Infantry of, 159–60
• 85th Division, 144
• 87th Division, 144, 145
• Eisenhower, Dwight David, 327
• election of 1916, U.S., 112–13, 118
• Ellis Island, 34–41, 46, 48, 115, 189
• Ellis Island Marine Hospital, 38
• El Paso, Tex., 74, 77, 108, 153, 233–34, 282, 334–35
• Emergency Quota Act (1921), 333–34
• Empress of Russia (ship), 189–91, 193
• enemy aliens, 147, 152, 172, 202
  • draft exemption of, 128–29, 131
  • Germans as, 177–78
  • P. Kocak as, 147, 272–73
• England, 68, 74–75, 159–60
• English language, 137, 160, 164
  • Cieminski’s scant knowledge of, 143, 144
  • Cukela’s use of, 202–3
  • school for, 152
• Epieds, 207, 209–11
• Epstein, Alexander (Zender), 3, 5, 30, 50, 91, 92, 93
• Epstein, Harold, 331, 332
• Epstein, Ida Rubinstein, 331, 332–33
• Epstein, Jacob, 50
• Epstein, Julius, 331, 332
• Epstein, Leonard, 331, 332–33
• Epstein, Meyer, xii, xvii–xix, 189
  • background of, 2–6, 333
  • dietary laws and, 289
  • in Great War, 78, 234–39, 289, 332
  • induction and training of, 165
  • journey of, 30, 32, 35, 42
  • in New York, 42, 48–51, 67, 91–93, 125, 331, 332–33
  • postwar life of, 330–33
  • sinking of Lusitania and, 98–99
  • start of war and, 91–95
• Epstein, Sarah, 2–3, 50
• Epstein, Yehuda, 2–3, 5, 6, 30, 35, 49–50, 331
• Espionage Act (1917), 176–77
• ethnic slurs, xix–xx, 137, 149, 196, 223
• eugenics, 66–67, 363
• Everett, William, 347–48
• Ewert, J. Georg, 186–87

• Falkenhayn, Erich von, 107
• Feland, Logan, 278, 280
• Fifficktown, Pa., 58–62, 116–17, 122–23, 129, 191, 329
• 5th Marine Regiment, 147–48, 168–70, 198–205, 207
  • Blanc Mont and, 272, 274–81
• 15th New York Infantry (Harlem Hellfighters), 150–51
• 58th Infantry Regiment, 234–37, 249, 289, 330–31
• Finnish miners, 86, 126–27
• Fiore, Rosa, 24, 40, 163
• First Amendment, 177
• First Army, Russian, 80, 82
• First Army, U.S., 302
• 1st Division, 147, 148, 198, 204
• 1st Infantry Regiment, 111, 130, 150
• Fitts, Lieutenant, 227
• Flanders, 96, 130, 152, 158, 229–31, 247, 301, 318
  • musical entertainment in, 223–24
• Flying Circus, 203
• Foch, Ferdinand, 168, 198, 200, 228, 246–48
• food, 45, 62, 74–75, 85, 141
  • on ships, 31, 32, 33, 191
  • in war, 226, 229, 249, 289, 294, 303
• Ford, Henry, 46
• Foreign-speaking Soldier Subsection, 141–42
• Forenza, 7–12, 52, 53, 231, 315–16, 317
• 42nd “Rainbow” Division, 219, 222, 230, 235
• Forverts (Daily Forward), 50, 91, 93–94, 98–99, 119, 126
• 4th “Ivy” Division, 234–37, 249, 251, 253, 330–31
• 4th Marine Brigade, 168–69
• Fourth of July, 147, 184–88
• France, 43, 72, 82, 98, 114, 129, 130, 142, 145–49, 157–61, 163, 164, 167–72, 194–220, 222–28, 231–44, 247–311, 315, 317, 341
  • divisions of, 142
  • Germans in (see Germany, Germans: in France)
  • Germany’s declaration of war on, 80
  • Grand Offensive in (see Grand Offensive)
  • London Pact and, 97
  • number of Americans in, 158–59
  • peasants in, 224–25
  • readiness for war of, 68
  • training incompetence in, 145
  • in Triple Entente, 94
  • U.S. arrival in, 147, 161, 282
  • U.S.-British forces combined in, 228–31
  • U.S. troops lent to, 247, 274
  • See also names of specific places and battles
• Franco-Prussian War, 309
• Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria-Hungary, 79–80, 82, 85
• French army, Blanc Mont and, 274, 275, 277
• French Foreign Legion, 198
• French Moroccan Division, 198, 203
• Frohman, Charles, 99

• Galicia, 91–92, 96, 333
• Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 6
• gas alarms, 148
• “gas house,” 152
• gas masks, 148, 151, 152
• General Order 151, 237
• George V, King of England, 87, 159–60
• Georgia, training camp in. See Camp Gordon
• Georgia, USS, 72, 280
• German Americans, 324, 334
  • at Camp Gordon, 140, 142
  • conscientious objectors and, 100–101, 131–32, 178, 180, 181
  • election of 1916 and, 112, 113, 118
  • as enemy aliens, 177–78
  • fear of, 294–95
  • reactions to war of, 100–103
  • return home of, 100, 365n
  • stereotypes about, 245
• German language, 143, 144, 175–76, 178, 179, 321
• Germany, Germans, 18, 42, 85–88, 96–103, 112–15, 118–21, 145–49, 173–87, 315, 322, 326
  • back of the head shootings by, 369n
  • in Battle of the Somme, 113–14
  • in Belgium, 80, 82, 85, 87, 94, 146, 175, 306
  • bombing by, 203, 224, 232, 308
  • at brink of revolution, 306–7
  • at Caporetto, 146
  • chlorine gas used by, 98
  • emigration from, 21
  • in Flanders, 229
  • Forverts backing of, 94, 99
  • in France, xv, 107–8, 145, 146, 148, 149, 157–58, 168–70, 198–211, 214–16, 219, 225, 228, 232–33, 235, 237–41, 244–54, 256–70, 273–80, 283–300, 303–11, 324, 327, 369n
  • as Huns, 85–86, 173, 202
  • Jews in, 94
  • Lusitania sunk by, 98–100
  • Mexican alliance of, 108, 118–19, 167, 346
  • passenger ships of, 26–29, 31, 33
  • in Poland, 91–92
  • postwar, 330–31, 333
  • as prisoners of war, 225, 239–40, 246, 267, 291
  • readiness for war of, 68
  • retreat of, 306
  • Russia’s fighting with, 82, 88
  • Russia’s peace with, 146
  • statistics on, 100, 365n
  • surrender of, 246
  • in Triple Alliance, 97
  • U-boats of (see U-boats, German)
  • U.S. declaration of war on, xxii, 124, 126, 128, 138, 146, 180
  • vulnerability in line of, 198
  • war declared by, 80
• Giosi, Antonio, 243, 296, 305, 306
• Goldberg, Asriel, 21, 40, 63, 165, 346
• Goldberg, Leib, 63
• Goldberg, Samuel, xii, 20–21
  • enlistment and training of, 165–67
  • furlough of, 233–34
  • in Great War, xviii–xix, 346–47
  • journey of, 32, 34–35, 38, 40
  • postwar life of, 346–47
• Goldberg, Sarah, 34–35, 38, 40, 63, 346
• Gornitz, Dora, 35, 48, 49, 50
• Gow, Kenneth, 152
• Grand Offensive, 247–310
  • attack on Hindenburg Line in, 247, 255–70, 274
  • Blanc Mont in, 248, 271–95, 306, 309, 334
  • Meuse-Argonne offensive in, 247–53, 255, 296–308
• Grandpré, 300, 302, 308
• Grant, Madison, 67, 68–69
• graves, 335–40
  • in Flanders, 229, 230
  • in France, 196, 216–17, 267, 270, 287–88, 306, 337–38, 342, 343, 370n
  • of Jews, 196
  • in United States, 318, 325, 327, 335–36, 339–40, 372n
• Graves Registration Service, 217, 288
• Great Britain, 30–31, 129, 241, 254, 315, 334
  • in Battle of the Somme, 113–14, 115, 124
  • divisions of, 142
  • entry into war of, 80
  • in Flanders, 96, 130, 247
  • in Grand Offensive, 247, 257, 262
  • guns used by, 139, 190
  • Irish views of, 87, 102, 105, 126, 149, 229–30
  • London Pact and, 97
  • Military Medals awarded by, 268
  • sinking of Lusitania and, 99–100
  • in Triple Entente, 94
  • U.S. divisions lent to, 228–31, 247, 256, 274
• Greece, Greeks, 129, 141
• Greene, H. A., 183–84
• Gregory, Thomas W., 176, 177
• grenades, 145, 151–52, 227, 244, 260, 263
  • E. Affatato’s throwing of, 265, 270
  • Valente’s use of, 266, 267
• Gross, Chaim, 50
• Guggenheim family, 108
• Guillemont Farm, 256, 262, 269
• guns, 46, 152, 345
  • rifles, 139, 151, 201, 291, 308
  • ship, 190–91
  • See also machine guns
• Gutentag, Morris, xx–xxi
• Gutowski, Boleslaw, 155–56
• Gutowski, Stanislaw A., 141

• Haggerty, James A., 206–7, 208
• Haig, Douglas, 113–14, 228, 246–47
• Haller, Jozef, 129
• Hamilton, George W., 275–78, 280
• Harbord, James, 204
• Harries, Meirion, 102
• Harries, Susie, 102
• Haugesund, 13–16
• Havre, Mont., 344–46
• Hawie, Ashad G., 149–50
• Hayward, William, 150–51
• Hedges, Chris, xix, 260
• Hendrix, James V., 338
• Herschkowitz, Jack, 135, 156
• high explosives, 211–13, 218, 232, 233, 303
• Hill, James J., 56
• Hillman, Rolfe L., Jr., 124
• Hills, Orlando G., Jr., 209, 211, 214, 215
• Hilt, Reynolds B., 181
• Hindenburg, Paul von, 82
• Hindenburg Line, 157, 240–41, 273
  • attack on, 247, 255–70, 274, 288, 323, 324, 325, 327
  • mustard gas and, 269
• Hirsch, Baron Maurice de, 50
• Hitler, Adolf, 67
• Hoey, Peter, 258
• Hofer, David, 173–75, 179–87, 188, 319–22
• Hofer, Jacob, 321
• Hofer, Joseph, 173–75, 179–84, 186–87, 188, 319–22
• Hofer, Maria (Joseph’s wife), 320, 321
• Hofer, Maria (Michael’s wife), 320
• Hofer, Michael, 173–75, 179–84, 186–87, 188, 319–22
• Homestead Act, 84
• homesteading, 16, 41, 55, 56, 84
• Hoover, Herbert, 326
• horses, 166, 231–32, 291–92
• House of Representatives, U.S., 121
• Huerta, Victoriano, 77
• Hughes, Charles Evans, 112, 113, 118
• “Hugh Selwyn Mauberley” (Pound), 195
• Hunt, LeRoy P., 280
• Hutter, Jakob, 178
• Hutterites, 173–75, 178–84
  • as conscientious objectors, 101, 131, 175, 178, 180–84, 188, 319–22
  • courts-martial of, 181–84, 188
  • imprisonment of, 184, 186–87, 319–22
  • origins of, 178–79

• Immigrant Act (1924), 333–34
• immigrants
  • cessation of flow of, 80
  • Fourth of July dedicated to, 184–86
  • grapevine of rumor, misinformation, and wishful thinking of, 129–30, 140
  • quotas on, 333–34
  • as refugees, 21
  • strange ideas about, 65–68
• immigrant soldiers
  • amended naturalization law and, 167, 188
  • author’s selection of, 360n
  • poor physical condition of, 154
• Ingalls, Albert G., 230, 269
• insurance policies, 144, 296, 339, 341
• International Workers of the World (IWW; Wobblies), 45, 81, 86, 105, 126, 177
• Inverclyde, Lord, 31
• Iraq War, 292
• Ireland, Irish, 19–20, 21, 42–43, 63, 317
  • British as viewed by, 87, 102, 105, 126, 149, 229–30
  • draft opposed by, 126–27
  • election of 1916 and, 112, 113, 118
  • in 69th Infantry, 219, 222, 230
  • stereotypes about, 149, 245
• iron mining, 90
• Italian Americans, 206, 290, 313, 326
  • as blacks, 65
  • in Brooklyn, 41, 44–47, 95, 97, 103–4, 162, 163
  • at Camp Gordon, 140, 141
  • draft and, 25, 129, 132–33
  • ethnic slurs and, 137, 149
  • start of war and, 95–97
  • stereotypes about, 149, 245
  • in 310th Infantry, 302–3
• Italy, Italians, 6–13, 16, 21, 40, 51–54, 56–59, 334, 361n
  • at Caporetto, 146, 147
  • departures from, 24–29
  • immigrant remittances to, 9–10, 103
  • neutrality of, 96–97
  • on ships, 28–29, 33, 34
  • unification of, 6, 7
  • wartime returnees to, 103
  • in World War II, 326–27

• Jackson, David T., 277
• Jacobson, Gerald R., 257, 263, 266
• James, Henry, 65–66
• James, Luther R., 284, 286
• Jastzemsky, Father, 59
• Jewish Welfare Board, 234
• Jews, 1–6, 20, 21, 81, 142, 314, 361n
  • at Camp Gordon, 141
  • in cavalry, 166–67
  • as chaplains, 196–97, 234, 268, 270
  • dietary laws of observant, 289
  • draft and, 129, 131
  • education of, 94
  • fall of the czar and, 119
  • in Newark, 63
  • in New York, 21, 49–51, 66, 91–93, 131, 222, 290, 331
  • Rosh Hashanah and, 233–37
  • start of war and, 91–92
  • stereotypes about, 149, 245
  • as veterans, 322–23, 332, 333
  • See also anti-Semitism
• Johnson, Douglas V., II, 124
• Jonsson, Patrik, xxi
• Justice Department, U.S., 176, 177

• Kalisz, 91–92
• Kansas, 319–21
• Kasovich, Israel, 33
• Kaszubia, Kaszubs, 88–89, 90, 143
• Kaszubian language, 88, 143
• Keegan, John, 158
• Kelly, Francis J., Jr., 278–79
• Kennedy, David, 177
• Kerensky, Alexander, 146
• Kilmer, Joyce, 219
• Kim, Alexander, 269
• Kinloch, Lieutenant, 161
• Knoll (Picardy), 256, 262–68, 270
• Koblenz, 330–31
• Kobrin, Leon, 49
• Kocak, John, 137, 342
• Kocak, Julia, 106, 137, 147, 342, 343
• Kocak, Matej, xiii, xx, 69–74, 77–78, 137–40, 145, 364n
  • as American, 77–78
  • bayonet use of, 201, 368n
  • in Binghamton, 106–7
  • death of, 279–80, 287–88, 342–43
  • in Dominican Republic, 111–12
  • in France, 147–48, 168–70, 197–205, 207, 271–76, 279–80, 283, 287–88, 342
  • furlough of, 137–39
  • going AWOL of, 72, 280
  • as warrior, 69–70
• Kocak, Mr. (cousin Paul’s father), 138, 140, 272
• Kocak, Mr. (Matej’s father), 70, 71, 72
• Kocak, Paul (Matej’s brother), 106, 137, 342
• Kocak, Paul (Matej’s cousin), 106, 138, 139–40, 147, 272–73
• Kocak, Roza, 72, 343
• Kondziela, August, 89, 143
• Kondziela, Marguerite. See Riggs, Marguerite Kondziela
• Kondziela, Mary Cieminski, 89, 90, 143, 144–45, 339, 340
• König Albert (ship), 26–29, 36–37
• Ko´sciuszko, Tadeusz, 17
• Ku Klux Klan, xx, 333, 335

• labor unions, 86, 93, 329. See also International Workers of the World
• Larimore, N. Dak., 54–56, 84
• Laskin, Emily, 348
• Laskin, Samuel, 361n
• La Società, 104
• Leavenworth, Fort, 319–21
• Lejeune, John A., 274, 277–78
• Lemberg (Lviv; Lvov), 91, 96
• Lengel, Edward G., 248
• Lenin (Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov), 146
• Leskovar, Christy, 301–2
• Levi, Carlo, 7, 11
• Levin, Samuel, 20, 171–72
• Levinger, Lee J., 196–97, 268, 270
• Lewis, Isaac Newton, 46
• Lewis, John L., 329
• Lewis machine gun, 46, 139
• Liège, 85, 247
• Lithuania, Lithuanians, 3, 18, 82, 123
• Little Italies, 51–52
• Liverpool, 30, 75, 159, 193
• Lodz, 20–21
• London, 74–75, 97, 159–60
• London Pact (1915), 97
• Lone Tree Trench, 265, 270
• Long Beach, N.Y., 325–26, 327
• Long Island National Cemetery, 325, 327
• Lorraine, 236, 309, 372n
• Lost Battalion, 290–91
• Louvain, 85
• Ludendorff, Erich, 157, 168, 198
• Lugg, T. B., 287–88
• Lukens, Carl J., 162
• Lusitania (ship), 30–32, 41–42
  • sinking of, 98–100, 102
• Luther, Martin, 178
• Lutheranism, 15–16, 55
• Lymansville, R.I., 57–59
• lynchings, 176

• machine guns, 175, 203, 206, 232, 238, 257
  • German use of, 145, 169, 200–201, 204, 208–11, 215, 219, 225, 235, 237, 250, 253, 262, 263, 264, 266–67, 276, 278, 284, 286–87, 291, 299, 300, 303–4
  • Lewis, 46, 139
  • in Mexican Revolution, 77
  • U.S. training for use of, 161–62, 236
• Mackin, Elton E., 277, 278, 281, 282
• Madalena, Ralph, 327
• Magdalena (girlfriend of Antonio Pierro), 316, 317, 348
• Magyarization, policy of, 70
• Mancuso, Filomena. See Affatato, Filomena Mancuso
• Marcone, Pasquale, 303
• Marcus, Jacob Rader, 150
• Marine Corps, U.S., 71–74, 106, 107, 108, 137
  • breaking ranks and retreat of, 276–78, 280
  • in Dominican Republic, 111–12
  • in France, 107–205, 271–83
  • qualifications for, 168
  • self-confidence of, 168, 202
  • Solo Club of, 201–2, 205, 207
• Marne salient, 198–99, 204, 205, 207, 219, 235, 240
• Mastine, Joseph, 151, 152, 266–67
• Mauretania (ship), 31
• Mažár, Imrich, 139
• McCormack, John, 185, 186
• McKinley, William, 75
• McPherson, Leslie Allen, 304
• McRae, James H., 305
• medical inspection, 27–28
• Mennonites, 101, 131, 178
• Metz, 240, 308
• Meurthe et Moselle district, 232
• Meuse-Argonne Cemetery, 342, 343
• Meuse-Argonne sector, 247–53, 255, 296–308
• Meuse River, 306, 309
• Mexican Revolution, 73, 74, 77, 81
• Mexico
  • German alliance with, 108, 118–19, 167, 346
  • U.S. relations with, 73, 74, 77, 108–12, 130, 167, 334
• Mezzogiorno, Il, 7–13, 21, 24–25, 28, 29, 41, 52
• Mickiewicz, Adam, 17
• Military Intelligence Division, U.S., 141–42
• Miller, Archie, 52
• Minder, Charles, 245–46, 294–95
• mining
  • accidents in, 105, 116, 127, 318
  • See also coal mines; copper mining; iron mining
• Minskoff, Sam, 51, 93
• Moellering, Edward, 347
• Montana, 20, 56, 84–87, 178
  • enlistment in, 133
  • Hutterites in, 179, 321
  • See also Butte; Chinook
• Monte Cassino, 110, 327
• Montfaucon, 248–53, 273, 342
• Montgomery, W. S., 287
• morale problems, 140–41, 158, 203, 259, 276
• Moranville, 310
• Morro Castle, SS, 73, 74
• Moselle River, 232, 240, 330
• Mount Vernon, 185
• Mourners’ Parade, 333
• Munson, Edwin S., 163
• music, 12–13, 34, 176, 222–24, 309
  • patriotic, 185, 186, 345
• mustard gas, 269, 302, 328
• Mustico, Angelo, 224

• Nancy, 232, 235, 236
• Nantes, 305–6
• Naples, 25–26, 53, 362n
• Naród Polski (Polish Nation), 81–83
• National Guard, 109, 110, 123, 126, 142, 219
• National Registration Day (June 5, 1917), 13–27
• naturalization laws, 167, 188, 237–38
• Navy, U.S., 73, 176, 322
• Nebraska, 16, 41, 55
• Needham, Gordon A., 215
• Nelms, James A., 277
• Neumann, Nellie C., 310–11
• New England National Guard. See 26th “Yankee” Division
• New Jersey, 37, 63, 188, 325, 338
• New Mexico, 108–9, 119, 167, 233, 346
• New York City, 24, 35–42, 44–52, 113, 119, 150
  • arrival in, 36–42, 53
  • Black Tom Island explosion and, 114–15
  • draft in, 125, 126, 131, 165
  • Lower East Side in, 35, 48–51, 66, 91–93, 131, 222, 290, 331
  • marine recruiting office in, 72, 107
  • parades in, 322, 324, 325, 333
  • peace demonstration in, 102
  • See also Brooklyn; Staten Island
• New York City Department of Sanitation, 323, 324, 325
• New York Harbor, 114–15, 188, 331
• New York National Guard, 111, 125, 130
  • 1st Regiment of, 111, 130, 150
  • 7th “Silk Stocking” Regiment of, 150–51
• New York Times, 80, 81, 85–86, 125, 127, 158, 186, 270, 336
• Nicholas II, Czar of Russia, 82, 94, 119
• Nichols, G. H. F., 259
• 1919 (Dos Passos), 336
• 90th Division, 304
• 91st “Wild West” Division, 149, 188, 189, 191, 226–28, 239, 253, 292–93, 317
  • in Belgium, 300–302
  • as Powder River Gang, 227–28
  • 2nd Battalion of, 251, 252
• 92nd Marine Company, 139
• 93rd Division, 247, 248
• noncombative service, 180
• nonresistance, doctrine of, 178
• Norris, George W., 120
• North German Lloyd, 26–29, 31
• North Providence, R.I., 125, 163–64, 243, 340, 341
• Norway, Norwegians, 13–16, 21, 54–56
  • start of war and, 84–86
  • See also Christofferson, Andrew

• O’Connor, Sergeant, 264
• Ogdensburg, N.Y., 111, 267
• Oglethorpe, Fort, 166–67
• Oise-Aisne Cemetery, 338
• O’Leary, Jeremiah, 102, 113, 118
• Olson, Zenas A., 189–90
• 101st Infantry, 215–16
• 102nd Infantry, 160, 205–11, 213–18, 339, 369n
• 105th Infantry, 256, 257
• 106th Infantry, 256–59
• 107th Infantry, 150–52, 161, 162–63, 222, 224–26, 322
  • in attack on Hindenburg Line, 255–62, 266–68, 327
  • in Flanders, 229–31
• 139th Infantry, 309
• 141st Infantry, 153–54, 281–87, 309
• One Night in a Bad Inn (Leskovar), 301–2
• O’Ryan, John, 223–24, 245, 256–59, 261
• Ostrem, Juline. See Christofferson, Juline Ostrem
• Ottaviano, Antonia, 56–59, 125, 163–64, 340, 341
  • Tommaso’s correspondence with, 242–44, 246, 296–97, 300, 303, 341
• Ottaviano, Ascanio, Jr., 163–64, 341
• Ottaviano, Ascanio, Sr., 57
• Ottaviano, Carlo, 163
• Ottaviano, Domenico, 163, 164
• Ottaviano, Giacomo, 163
• Ottaviano, Otto, 341
• Ottaviano, Tommaso, xiii, 56–58
  • death of, 305–6, 340–42
  • draft registration of, 125
  • in Great War, xviii–xix, 238–39, 242–44, 246, 296–300, 302–6, 308, 341
  • induction and training of, 163–64, 165

• Padgett, Edward R., 135
• Pale of Settlement, 1–6, 21, 30, 32, 49, 74, 91–94, 119, 236, 334, 361n
  • Hutterites in, 179
  • roundups of Jews in, 92, 93–94
  • start of war in, 91–92
  • tzedakah in, 3, 5–6, 333
  • See also names of specific places
• Palo, Matt E., 224
• Paris, 80, 81, 334
  • German advance on, 168, 169, 198
  • U.S. troops in, 147
• Parsons, Lloyd C., 307
• Passing of the Great Race, The (Grant), 67, 68–69
• peasants, French, 224–25
• Peck, DeWitt, 277
• Pellegrini, Angelo M., 33
• Pellicoro, Peter I., 288
• Pershing, John J., 203, 332, 335, 343
  • citizenship and, 237–38
  • in France, 130, 147, 168, 219–20, 228, 237–40, 246, 247, 252, 253, 274, 334
  • open warfare and, 151, 219–20
  • in Punitive Expedition, 109–10, 111, 167, 334, 365n
  • U.S. divisions lent by, 228, 247, 274
• Pétain, Philippe, 252
• Philippine-American War, 75–76
• phosgene gas, xv, 269, 299
• photographs, 57–58, 165, 169, 317, 345
• Piasecki, Peter F., 128
• Picardy, 255–57, 327
• Pierro, Antonio, xiii, xv–xviii, 145
  • background of, xvi, xxii, 6–13, 362n
  • at Camp Gordon, xviii, 133, 136–37, 140, 152, 159, 231
  • drafting of, 132–33
  • draft registration of, 125
  • in England, 159–60
  • ethnic slurs and, 137, 149
  • in Great War, xv–xviii, xxii, 78, 142, 159–60, 231–33, 238, 290, 291–92, 299, 347
  • journey of, 41
  • postwar life of, 315–17, 347–48
  • in Swampscott, xvi, 53–54, 67, 104, 125, 132
• Pierro, Daniele, 10–12, 104, 317
• Pierro, Guarino, 10–12, 104
• Pierro, Maria, 316–17
• Pierro, Michele, 10–12, 104, 125
• Pierro, Nicola, 10–12, 104, 315–16, 317
• Pierro, Nunzia dell’Aquila, 8, 10, 11, 52–53, 316, 317
• Pierro, Rocco, 8, 10, 52–54, 65, 67, 104
• Pierro, Rosa, 10–12
• Pierro, Vito, 10–12, 104, 317
• Piltz, Father Francis, 61, 62
• pogroms, xx, 2, 20–21, 94, 333, 334
• poison gas, xv, 98, 152, 233, 238, 269, 299, 302, 328, 365n
• Poland, Poles, 17–19, 58–63, 143, 166, 334, 361n
  • at Camp Gordon, 140, 141
  • draft registration and, 127–30
  • election of 1916 and, 118
  • in Fifficktown, 58–62, 116–17, 122–23
  • morale problems of, 140–41
  • postwar, 328–30, 333
  • start of war and, 81–83, 91, 92, 93
  • stereotypes about, 245
  • See also Chmielewski, Joseph; Cieminski, Maximilian
• Polish Army (Haller’s Army), 129
• Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 17
• Polonia, Wis., 88–89, 128, 338
• Pound, Ezra, 195
• Prager, Robert Paul, 176
• Pratt, Arnold, 301
• prisoners of war, 240
  • German, 225, 239–40, 246, 267, 291
• Progresso Italo-Americano, 95–97, 103, 104
• Protestant Reformation, 178, 179
• Protestants, 154, 196–97
• Prussia, 17, 82, 328
• Punitive Expedition, 109–10, 111, 130, 167, 334
• Purple Heart, 372n

• railroads, 25, 39–40, 46, 48, 56, 173–75, 319
  • to boot camp, 135–36
  • Des Moines, 95
  • in France, 147–48
  • troop transit, 188–89, 309
  • Villa’s attack on, 108
• Raskin, Alexander, 135–36, 327–28
• Rau, George R., 218, 219
• Red Scare era, 142, 314, 333–34
• Reed, James, 124
• Reggio di Calabria, 24, 362n
• religious conversion, 55–56, 85, 196, 344
• Remarque, Erich Maria, 213
• Republicans, 112, 113
• Retz Forest, 199–203
• Rheims, 95–96, 158, 169, 198, 207, 272, 273, 287
• Rhine River, 330, 331
• Rhodes, Pamela Ottaviano, 341, 342
• Ricci, Basil, 341
• Ricci, John (nephew), 341–42
• Ricci, John (uncle), 341
• Richardson, Tracy, 77, 285
• Richthofen, Baron von, 203
• Riggs, John, 339–40, 369n
• Riggs, Marguerite Kondziela, 90–91, 144, 218, 339, 340
• Riker, Matt, 149–50
• Rizzi, Giuseppe Nicola (Joe; Woppy), xix, xx
• Rockefeller, John D., 81
• Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 142, 168, 279, 343
• Roosevelt, Theodore, Sr., 67–68, 101, 102, 113, 134
• Rosh Hashanah, 233–37
• Rubinstein, Ida. See Epstein, Ida Rubinstein
• Runyon, Damon, 337
• Russia, Russians, 17, 83, 91–94, 315, 328, 334
  • at Camp Gordon, 141
  • German fighting with, 82, 88
  • Germany’s peace with, 146
  • London Pact and, 97
  • Serbia supported by, 79–80
  • Slavicization of Germans in, 179
• Russian Army, 119, 146, 334
  • Hutterites and, 179
  • Jews in, 1, 74, 91, 171, 361n
  • See also First Army, Russian; Second Army, Russian
• Russian Partition. See Congress Poland
• Russian Revolution (1917), xviii, 119, 146, 157

• saber drill, 166–67
• St. Anthony’s Church, 59, 60, 61, 116
• St. Etienne, 275, 278, 280, 283, 286
• St. Juvin, 298–300, 308
• St. Mihiel, 242, 247, 290
• St. Mihiel salient, 148, 158, 238–41
• St. Quentin Canal, 248, 256, 262–63, 266, 268, 269
• Samsonov, Alexander, 82, 92
• Sanger, Margaret, 67
• Sant’Apollinare, 110, 327
• Sarajevo, 79, 80, 85
• Savage, Arthur, 139
• Savage, Murray, 291
• Savage Arms Company, 139
• Scala Coeli, 24, 29, 163, 323, 362n
• Schucker, Louis E., 310, 311
• Schwegler, Sergeant, 264
• seasickness, 33, 35
• Second Army, Russian, 82
• 2nd Battalion, 251, 252
• 2nd Division, 148–49, 168–69, 198, 204, 274. See also 5th Marine Regiment; 6th Marines
• Sedan, 248, 302
• Sedition Act (1918), 177
• Seicheprey, 158, 160, 206
• Selective Service Act (1917), 123, 125, 128–29
• Senegalese soldiers, 203–4, 205
• Serbia, 79–80
• 76th Depot Division, 165, 189
• 77th Division, U.S., xx, 134, 222–23, 271, 294–95
  • Lost Battalion of, 290–91
  • in Mourners’ Parade, 333
• 78th Division, 164, 242–44, 296–300, 302–6, 308, 328
• 79th “Baltimore’s Own” Division, 253, 257
• Shertzer, Robert S., 181
• ships, 26–37, 53, 362n
  • first-class passage in, 29, 31, 34, 42
  • troop transport, 147, 161, 163, 189–91, 231–32, 322, 331
  • See also steerage; and names of specific ships
• shrapnel, 211–12, 213, 233, 264
• Shrapnel, Henry, 212
• Shuler, G. K., 169
• Signal Corps, 166, 167
• 6th Division, 161–62, 190, 307–9
• 6th Marines, 148, 204, 274, 287–88
• 16th Machine Gun Battalion, 161–62, 190, 307–9, 329
• 66th (C) Company, 5th Marine Regiment, 147–48, 169–70, 200, 207, 271–76, 278–79
• 69th Infantry (Fighting Irish), 219, 222, 230
• Slovak Republic, 70
• Slovaks, 106–7, 123, 128, 138, 147, 343
• at Camp Gordon, 140
• Smith, Albert C., 163
• socialism, socialists, 105, 125, 126, 177
• of Forverts, 93, 99
• Soissons, 198–205, 207, 209, 240, 275, 276, 279, 342
  • heroism at, 200–201, 203–5, 280
• Solo Club, 201–2, 205, 207
• Somme, Battle of the (1916), 113–14, 115, 124
• Sophie, Duchess of Hohenburg, 79–80, 82, 85
• South Dakota, 176, 178
  • Hutterites in, 173–74, 178, 179–80, 319, 320, 321
• South Fork, Pa., 58, 59, 60, 81, 82, 116, 122, 123, 329, 330
• Spence, Helen. See Dreben, Helen Spence
• Spire, James, 270, 370n
• Staten Island, 36, 50
• Statue of Liberty, 36, 115, 189
• steerage, 26, 32–35, 42, 75
  • description of, 28, 32–34
  • profits from, 29
  • in troop transport ships, 190–93
• Sterba, Christopher M., 365n–66n
• stereotypes, 149, 245
• Stratton, Harry, 162–63
• Strickland, Daniel W., 209, 210, 211, 218, 369n
• strikes, 124, 127
• Stryckmans, Felix J., 185–86
• Suddenly We Didn’t Want to Die (Mackin), 277, 278, 281
• superstitions, 226
• Sutphen, Joseph W., 188
• Swampscott, Mass., xvi, 10, 41, 52–54, 104, 317, 348
  • draft in, 125, 132
• synagogues, 234, 331
• Syrian Christian, 149–50

• Taft, William Howard, 46
• Talese, Gay, 25
• Talmud, 3, 6
• Tannenburg, Battle of (1914), 82, 92
• taverns, 61, 106
• tear gas, 152
• Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, 260
• 10th Cavalry Regiment, 110
• Texas, 109, 119. See also El Paso
• Texas National Guard, 153–54
• Texas Rangers, 110
• Thiaucourt, 297–98
• 3rd Division, 168, 171–72
• 13th U.S. Cavalry, 108
• 30th Division, 228, 247–48
• 35th Division, xix
• 36th Division, 274
  • 141st Infantry of, 153–54, 281–87, 309
• Thompson, Denis, 114, 317
• Thompson, John (nephew), 114
• Thompson, John (uncle), 318
• Thompson, Mary, 19–20
• Thompson, Nellie, 19
• Thompson, Peter, xiii, xvii–xviii, 114, 187–89, 191
  • background of, 19–20, 362n
  • in Belgium, 300–302
  • in Butte, 42, 86–87, 104–6, 317–18
  • draft registration of, 127
  • enlisting of, 133
  • in France, 226, 227–28, 238–39, 251–52, 292, 317, 318
  • journey of, 42–43
  • postwar life of, 317–18
  • wages of, 105, 365n
• Thompson, Rose, 19–20, 317
• Thompson, Sam, 105, 106
• 310th Infantry, 164, 242–44, 297–300, 302–6, 308
• 320th Field Artillery, xv–xvi, 142, 159–60, 231–33, 238, 290, 291–92
• 321st Infantry, 293–94, 310
• 325th Infantry, 159–60
• 328th Infantry, 142, 291
• 345th Infantry, 144, 206, 338, 339, 340
• 362nd Infantry, 188, 251–52, 301–2
• 364th Infantry, 191, 194, 251, 301
• Three Soldiers (Dos Passos), 191–93, 207–8
• Trader, E. J., 71
• trench warfare, 148, 151–52, 157–58, 240, 244, 246, 264
  • high explosives and, 212–13
• trigger fingers, removal of, 89, 144, 207, 361n
• Triple Alliance, 97
• Triple Entente, 94
• Trugny, 209–11, 213–18, 337–38
• Turkey, 146, 306
• Turrill, Julius S., 199
• 12th Cavalry Regiment, 166–67, 233
• 26th “Yankee” Division, 158, 205–11, 213–19
  • 102nd Infantry of, 160, 205–11, 213–18, 339, 369n
• 27th Division, 160–61, 195, 245, 322, 325
  • chaplains with, 196–97
  • in Grand Offensive, 247, 259
  • lent to British, 228–31, 247
  • musical entertainment in, 223–24
  • as O’Ryan’s Traveling Circus, 224
  • See also 107th Infantry
• tzedakah, 3, 5–6, 333

• U-boats, German, 98, 100, 105, 118, 365
  • transport ships attacked by, 147, 191, 232
• Ukraine, 3, 20, 74, 91, 179, 333
• United Mine Workers of America, 329
• United States
  • entry into war by, xviii, xxii, xxiii, 69, 101, 118–21, 124, 126, 128, 138, 146–47, 180
  • Mexico’s relations with, 73, 74, 77, 108–12, 130, 167, 334
  • neutrality of, 83–84, 94, 107
  • percentage of immigrants in, 124
  • in Philippine-American War, 75–76
  • postwar life in, 312–48
  • prewar life in, 45–46
  • reactions to start of war in, 80–88, 91–97
  • as world power, 68
  • See also America, Americans

• Valente, Margarita, 325
• Valente, Michael, xiii, xx, 159–63
  • background of, 110–11, 365n
  • enlistment of, 110–11, 130
  • in Flanders, 224, 229
  • in France, 159, 161, 224, 228, 241, 262, 266–68, 325
  • Medal of Honor won by, 326
  • postwar life of, 325–27
  • training of, 150, 151, 162, 163
  • transport to Europe of, 160–61
  • wounding of, 267, 268
• Valente, Patricia A., 313
• Valente, Paul, 111
• Valiani, Maria, 48
• Valiani, Mrs., 48
• Van Deman, Ralph, 142
• Vanderbilt, Alfred Gwynne, 99
• Vanzetti, Bartolomeo, 40
• Vaux-devant-Damloup, 309–10
• Veracruz, 73, 74, 77, 108
• Verdun, 232, 236, 238, 247, 248, 298, 309
  • Battle of (1916), 107–8, 110, 148, 149, 248, 249, 310
• Verdun Boche, 148, 149
• Vesle River, 219, 235
• veteran’s compensation, 329–30
• Villa, Pancho, 74, 77, 108–11, 130, 167
• Vittorio Emanuele III, King of Italy, 103
• Vosges Mountains, 293–94, 307

• wage increases, 87, 104–5
• Wagner, Richard, 240
• War Department, U.S., xix, 142, 159, 337
  • chaplains appointed by, 196
  • draft and, 126, 130–32, 162
  • National Guard policy of, 150
• War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning (Hedges), xix
• War Risk Insurance program, 144
• Washington, George, 185, 372n
• Weisz, Eugene C., 141
• Wells, H. G., 46
• wheat, 179, 203, 208–9
• Whittle, John R., 270
• Whittlesey, Charles, 335
• Wilhelm II, Kaiser of Germany, 87, 102, 306
• Wilhelm of Germany, Prince, 249
• Williams, Lloyd, 169
• Wilson, Edith, 185
• Wilson, Leonard J., 201
• Wilson, Margaret, 185
• Wilson, Woodrow, 16, 46, 66, 115, 118–20, 312, 314, 328, 345
  • draft and, 123, 131
  • election of 1916 and, 112–13, 118
  • entry into war and, 119–20, 146
  • Espionage and Sedition acts and, 176–77
  • Fourth of July and, 185, 186
  • Mexico policy of, 73, 108, 109
  • on noncombative service, 180
  • “Peace Without Victory” speech of, 128
  • training and equipping ineptitude of, 145
  • U.S. neutrality and, 83–84, 94
• Wipf, Jacob, 173–75, 179–84, 186–87, 188, 319–22
• Wise, Frederick May, 169, 170
• Woevre Valley, 309–10
• Wood, Leonard, 145
• World War I
  • Allied victory in, 246–48
  • bonding in, xix–xx, 221–22, 243–46
  • civilian casualties in, 85, 98–99, 364n
  • Eastern Front in, 80, 82, 83, 88, 91–93, 96, 146, 157
  • end of, 310–11, 313, 319
  • gas used in, xv, 98, 152, 233, 238, 269, 299, 365n
  • heroism in, 69, 197, 200–201, 203–5
  • military casualties in, 79, 91–92, 96, 108, 114, 124, 146, 157, 158, 169–70, 204, 213–18, 219–20, 230, 239, 268–69, 275, 279–80, 291, 298, 299, 305–6, 311, 312, 315, 364n, 372n
  • number of immigrants fighting in, xvi
  • shrapnel vs. high explosives in, 211–13
  • start of, 42–43, 79–88, 91–97
  • treaty in, 312, 313
• World War II, 85, 311, 312, 314, 321, 324–27, 330, 332, 345

• Yablonsky, John, 61
• Yablonsky, Josephine, 61
• Yablonsky, Mary. See Chmielewski, Mary Yablonsky
• Yablonsky, Walter, 60, 61
• Yockleson, Mitchell, 365n
• York, Alvin Cullum, 136–37, 142, 145, 151, 291, 335
• Ypres, 98, 130, 158, 229–31, 247, 301
• first battle of, 96

• Zimmermann, Arthur, 118–19
• Zimmermann telegram, 118–19