* In writing of this medical examination (Ihr Kampf, pp. 128–9, and pp. 134–5), Holler, who is a medical doctor as well as a biographer, points out that one of the contemporary treatments for psoriasis was the administration of arsenic in the form of drops or pills. In high doses this treatment could in itself produce a variety of psychiatric symptoms – ‘apathy’ and ‘somnolence’ among them.

† Quoted in Holler, Ihr Kampf, p. 129. Leopold did eventually offer to send him the sum of 100,000 guilders – which Philipp dismissed as ‘alms I felt obliged to decline’.