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absolutism, 65, 66, 128
Afghanistan, 185
agriculture, 42, 85, 119–120, 173, 177, 184–185
Alexander I, Tsar, 135, 138, 139, 140, 141–144
Alexander II, Tsar, 138, 139, 154, 176
Alexander III, Tsar, 159–160, 206
Ambassadorial Office, 77
America, attitude toward, 15. see also West, the
Ancient Russia (map), 27
Andropov, Yuri, 186
An Imperial Stride, 117
Anna (daughter of Ivan V), 121–122
anticorruption, 202. see also corruption and extortion
appanage, 49, 58
Arakcheyev, Alexei, 142
army, Peter the Great and the, 112–113
Arrival of Ryurik to Ladoga, 22
Askold (Viking adventurer), 26
Assembly of the Land, 78
Astrakhan Khanate, 80
authoritarian rule, 65–66, 111, 133
autocracy, 68–91, 126, 145–146
Banditry Office, 77
Basil II (emperor), 32
baskaks, 55
Batu Khan, 53, 54
Belskies, the, 74, 87
Benckendorff, Alexander, 147
Biron, Ernst, 122
Black Death, the, 58
black markets, 185, 191
Blue Sky Tengri, 52
Bohemians, the, 25
Bolesław (count), 33, 34
Bolsheviks, 168, 171–174, 178
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 119, 138, 139, 140–143
Boretskaya, Marfa, 72
Boris (brother of Yaroslav), 35
Boyar Council, 83
Brezhnev, Leonid, 184–185
Briacheslav of Polotsk, 33
Bulgars, the, 24, 29
Byzantine Orthodox Christianity, 31–32, 71, 99–100
Byzantium, 15, 23–25, 29, 30, 32, 34, 39, 72, 99
Cap of Monomakh, 75–76, 103
Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, 138, 138–139
Catherine I, 120–121
Catherine the Great, 115, 117, 121–133, 135, 176
mocking of, 117–118
presentation of Russia to the world, 118–119
Catholicism, Roman, 30
censorship, 147, 156
Charles XII, 114
Charter to the Gentry, 130
Chechnya, 197, 199–200
Cheka, the, 174
Chernenko, Konstantin, 186
Chernobyl, 187
China, 40, 209, 211
Christianity
arise of in Russia, 14–15, 30–31
in Novgorod, 50
Orthodox, 31, 37, 56, 58, 64, 71, 72, 76, 78, 89, 98, 145–146, 152, 205
Russian state and, 30, 47, 77–78, 108
Chud, the, 22
church, reformation of, 77–78, 99–102, 108
cities and fortifications, early growth of, 23–30
civil service, 77, 157
Civil War (1918–22), 174, 190
civil wars, eleventh century, 35
Code of Laws (Sudebnik), 72–73
collectivization, 42, 177
Communist Party, 165, 174, 177, 188, 189, 191, 197
Congress of Soviets, 173
conservatism, 72, 133, 160, 167, 205
Constantine IX Monomachus, 75–76
Constantinople, 24–26, 28, 30, 34, 39, 40, 71, 117–118
Constituent Assembly, 173
Constitutional Democrat Party (Kadets), 166, 170–171
Contarini, Ambrogio, 85
corruption and extortion, 78, 83, 130, 184–186, 188, 191, 196, 198–199, 200, 202, 204, 213
Cossacks, 97–98, 127, 128, 141
Council of a Hundred Chapters, 77–78
coups and wars, see wars and coups
Crimea, annexation of, 16, 44, 132, 195, 202
Crimean Khanate, 84, 104
Crimean Tatars, threat of, 89
Crimean War, 150, 152–154, 153
Cuban Missile Crisis, 182
Cumans, the, 38, 51–53
Decembrist Revolt of 1825, 145
Defenders of the Russian Soil, The, 193
democracy, as pretense, 200–201
democratization, 188
Derevliane, the, 28
despotism, 54–55, 66, 95–96, 126, 146
Dir (Viking adventurer), 26
disease and illness, 82, 97, 123, 127, 141, 174
diversity of population, 80
Dmitry I, Prince of Moscow, 46, 46–47, 58–63, 71
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 147
double tsars, 103
Dual Power, 171
dvoyetsarstvenniki, 103
economy, see also serfs
during 1700s, 119–120
during 1890s, 160–161
during 1970s, 184–185
during 1990s and 2000s, 197, 200, 204, 209
artisanal, 65
collectivization and, 177
early cities and, 34–35
Gorbachev and, 186–188
Ivan IV and, 84–87
Khrushchev and, 182
Lenin’s New Economic Policy, 174
Stalin and, 180–181
trade routes, 25–26, 28, 32–33, 37, 39, 41, 51, 65, 81, 151
during World War I, 169–170, 173
education, 102, 127, 143, 150, 156, 157, 158
egalitarianism, 76, 129, 165, 186
Elizabeth (daughter of Peter the Great), 122–123
Elizabeth, Empress, 123
Elizabeth, Queen of England, 69–70
Emancipation Decree, 156
embezzlement, see corruption and extortion
Emergency Committee, 189
Emir Mamai of the Jochids, 60–62
emperors, as rulers, 76
English Muscovy Company, 82–83
enlightened despotism, 118, 126
Enlightenment Russia, 119
Eternal Peace Treaty, 104
ethnicity, 80, 195–196
Expansion of Russia, The (map) 131
extortion and corruption, 78, 83, 130, 184–186, 188, 191, 196, 198–199, 200, 202, 204, 213
fake news, 88. see also propaganda
False Dmitries, 88, 132
farming, 85, 119–120, 173, 177, 184
fascism, 179
Federal Security Service (FSB), 198
feudalism, birth of, 37
Filaret, Patriarch, 91, 97
First Northern War, 100
First World War, 168–172, 190
foreign rule, myth of the end of, 63–67
France, influence of, 143–144
Frederick II of Prussia, 124
French Revolution, 134, 136, 142–143
Fundamental Laws, 166
Fyodor (son of Ivan IV), 70, 85, 87
Fyodor II (son of Godunov), 88
Fyodor III, 102–103
Gardariki, 25
Gathering of the Russian Lands, 63, 70–73
gender roles, women’s, 72, 120–121, 124, 127, 158, 175, 178
Genghis Khan, 52
geography
Ancient Russia (map), 27
Crimean War, The (map), 153
early geographical divisions, 12–13
Expansion of Russia, The (map), 131
Golden Horde Russia (map), 59
Peter’s Great Embassy (map), 109
Putin’s Wars (map), 203
Soviet Union, The (map), 183
Time of Troubles, The (map), 86
trade routes, 25–26, 28, 32–33, 37, 39, 41, 51, 65, 81, 151
geopolitics, 39, 41, 88–89
Germany
Germans as threat, 40
glasnost, 187–188
Glinskaya, Yelena, 74
Glinskies, the, 74
Global War on Terror, 201
Godunov, Boris, 87–88
Golden Horde, 46, 47, 54, 55–58, 59, 60–62, 64, 66–67
Golitsyn, Dmitry, 122
Golitsyn, Vasily (prince), 104
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 186–190, 194, 207
Gordon, Patrick, 98–99, 109
Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 60
Great Embassy, 110
Great Moscow Synod of 1666, 101
Great Northern War, 112, 113
Great Patriotic War, 179–182, 190
Great Silk Road, the, 58
Great Stand on the Ugra River, 63
Gulag, the, 177, 180, 181, 182
History of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (Stalin), 206–207
Hitler, Adolf, 13, 179–180, 205
Horsey, Jerome, 82–83
hybrid wars, 202
Igor (son of Ryurik), 26, 28
illness and disease, 82, 97, 123, 127, 141, 174
Imperial Academy of Arts, 158
industrialization, 42, 154, 177, 180, 181, 185, 194
inheritance by primogeniture, 57–58
intelligentsia radicalism, 158–159
Interior Ministry, 77
internet, Russian usage of, 209–210
invasions, early, 13–14
Islam, 14–15, 30–31, 40, 55
isolation of Russia, 64–65
Ivan (son of Alexei Romanov), 102–105
Ivan I, Prince, 57–58, 71
Ivan II, 58
Ivan III, Grand Prince, 63, 70, 71, 78
Ivan III the Great, 67
Ivan IV the Terrible, 69, 69, 70–87, 90, 112–113
Ivan V, 121, 122–123
Ivan VI, 122
Japan, 161–162
Jochi Khan, 53
Judaism, 13, 30, 36, 159
Kadets (Constitutional Democrat Party), 166, 170–171
KGB, 186, 194, 198
Khanate of Kazan, 74, 80
Khazars, the, 24
Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 199
Khrushchev, Nikita, 182–184
Kiev
fall to the Mongols, 53–54
family lineage and, 49
Grand Princes and, 30, 36–37, 41
growth of, 28, 32, 37
as heart of Rus’, 48–49
political fragmentation of, 34–37
princes of, 32–34
siege of, 34
Kipchaks, the, 38
Konstantin, Grand Duke, 144–145
Kriviches, the, 22
Kulikovo, 46, 63
Kurbsky, Andrei (prince), 83
Ladoga, 22–25
land grants, 78, 79
landholdings, patrimonial, 34–35
language, 13–14, 19, 31, 65
Lefort, Franz, 109–110
legal systems, 72–73
Lenin, Valdimir, 168, 171, 172–176, 190
Lenin-Stalin Mausoleum, 165
Leopold, Karl, 121
Life and Death of Grand Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, The, 47
linguistic autonomy, 19
literacy, 118, 136, 185
Livonian War of 1558-83, 81, 83, 85
Louis the Pious, King of the Franks, 23
Luzhkov, Yuri, 93–94
Lysenko, Trofim, 194
Lyubech, 1097 summit, 37
Magyars, the, 25
Majoritarians, see Bolsheviks
Manifesto of the Freedom of the Nobility, 129
maps
Ancient Russia, 27
Crimean War, The, 153
Expansion of Russia, The, 131
Golden Horde Russia, 59
Peter’s Great Embassy, 109
Putin’s Wars, 203
Soviet Union, The, 183
Time of Troubles, The, 86
Marx, Karl, 15, 64, 152, 168, 172, 212
Marxism, 136
Marxist-Leninist egalitarianism, 165
mass media, 200–201, 204–205, 208–211
Matveyev, Artamon, 106
Medvedev, Dmitry, 201
Mensheviks, 168, 170
Menshikov, Alexander, 121
merchant class, rise of, 157–158
Merias, the, 22
mestnichestvo, 73, 102, 107, 108
Mikhail I, 90–91, 97
military, see also soldiers; wars and coups
feudal vs. monarchical, 79
growth of under Ivan IV, 79–80
inadequacies of, 106–107
Nicholas I and, 148–151
Paul I and, 134
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 77
missionaries, 31, 64, 97
modernization attempts, 102, 114–115, 135–136, 139–140, 155, 160–162, 165, 182, 187
Monastery of the Caves, 38
Mongols, 13, 15, 38, 48, 51–57, 66–67
Mongol style of rule, 64, 65
Mongol Yoke, 46, 48, 55–58, 64
Monomakh, Vladimir, 36, 38, 75
Mons, Anna, 110
Moscow
Golden Horde and, 60
rise of, 48, 51, 72, 76–79
as spiritual capital, 58
Muslims, 14, 25, 56, 80, 150, 209
Mstislav of Chernigov, 33
Muscovite state, rise of, 56, 58, 65, 70
myths, national and political, 14, 15, 43–44, 47–48, 62–63, 75, 117–119, 139–140, 178–179, 190, 194, 207, 210
Nagoi, the, 87
Nakaz, the, 127, 132–133, 135
namestniks, 77
Narodnaya Volya, 159
Naryshkin, Ivan, 106
navy, Russian, 94, 110–111, 112, 113
Nevsky, Alexander, 56–57
New Economic Policy, 174
New Maidens’ Monastery, 105
Nicholas I (son of Alexander I), 138, 139, 144–151
Nicholas II (son of Alexander III), 160, 166–168, 170
Nikon, Patriarch, 99–101, 108, 208
Normanist conquest, 38–44
Novgorod
about, 11, 24, 26, 49–51
demise of, 71
as geopolitical power, 64
rise of Christianity in, 50
veches and, 36
Official Nationality, 145–146, 206
Ogedei (uncle of Batu Khan), 54
Old Believers, 101
Oleg (son of Sviatoslav), 29
Oleg (successor to Ryurik), 26
Operation Barbarossa, 179–180
Oprichnina, Oprichniks, 83, 84
Orthodox Christianity, 31–32, 37, 56, 58, 64, 71, 72, 76, 78, 89, 98–100, 145–146, 152, 205
Ottoman Empire
alliance with France, 134
conflicts with, 80–81, 89, 113, 152
Nicholas I and, 150–151
overthrow of Constantinople, 71
pagan culture, 26, 30–31, 41, 50, 89
Paleologue, Sophia, 71
palimpsest, Russia as, 11–15, 17, 43, 196, 207, 208–214
patrimonial landholdings, 34–35
patrimonial rulers, succession of, 35
Patriotic War, 140
Paul I (son of Catherine the Great), 133–135
Pauline Laws, 134
Pechenegs, the, 28, 29, 34, 39, 51, 52
perestroika, 187
Peresvet, 46–47
Pereyaslavl Accords, 98
Persia, as threat, 98
Persian Campaign, 1722-3, 112
Perun the Thunderer, 26
Peter II, 121
Peter III (Peter of Holstein-Gottorp), 123, 124–125, 129
Peter the Great, 15, 93, 94–95, 103–105, 105–115, 109, 120–121, 135, 176
Petrograd Soviet, the, 170–171
Pobedonostsev, Konstantin, 159
pogroms, 36
Poland
Poles as threat, 40, 89, 98
Polovtsians, the, 38, 51–53
Polyane, the, 24
pomeshchiks, 73, 78
pomestiye, 78
Populists, 158
posadniks, 35, 36, 49
Potemkin, Grigory, 119
Preobrazhensky Regiment, 123
primogeniture, inheritance by, 57–58
princes, role of, 35, 55
propaganda, 42, 88, 178, 187, 191, 204–205
Provisional Government, 170–171
Pugachev, Yemelyan, 132
Pushkin, Alexander, 147
Putin, Vladimir, 16, 40–42, 195, 198–201, 201–205, 203, 205–208
radicalism, European, 143
radicalism, intelligentsia, 158–159
Radimiches, the, 22
Raskol, the, 101
Rasputin, Grigory, 170
Redemption Dues, 156–157
religion, Russian state and, 30, 47, 77–78, 108
Renaissance culture, 51, 64, 65
revisionism, 193–195. see also myths,
national and political
contemporary, 40
history of, 15–17
of history of power and authority, 76
over the centuries, 43
Putin and, 210–211
Russia—My History, 204
revolutions, 148–151, 161
1848, 149
1905, 162, 166–168
1917, 170, 171
French, 134, 136, 142–143
revolutions, concerns about, 143
Roman Catholicism, 30
Romanov, Alexei, 98–101
Romanov, Mikhail, 90–91, 97
Romanovna, Anastasia, 82
Romanov dynasty, 70, 95, 96
Romodanovsky, Fyodor, 111
Rorik of Dorestad, 23, 24
Rus’, about, 26
Russia
expansion of, 79–82, 97
future of, 212–213
Russia, Romanov, 70, 95, 96
Russian Empire, origins of, 96
Russian Federation, 195–196
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), map of, 183
Russian state, roots of, 77
Russification, 146
Russo-Persian War, 1722-3, 114
Russo-Turkish War, 128
Ryazan, 47, 57, 60
Ryurik, about, 22–23, 26
Ryurikid dynasty, about, 22–26, 56–58, 87
Ryurikids, arrival of, 23–29
Sacred Council, 77
Sarai, 47–48, 55–57, 60–63, 65–66
Scandinavian raider-traders, 23, 24
Second Rome, 15, 150
Second World War, 179–182, 190, 194
serfs
Catherine the Great and, 130
egalitarianism and, 129
emancipation of, 148, 154, 155–158
as percentage of population, 119
Peter the Great and, 107, 108, 112
as soldiers, 156
St. Petersburg and, 96
Serkland, 25
Seven Years War, 123
Severiane, the, 28
Shuiskies, the, 74, 75, 87
Shuisky, Andrei (prince), 75
Simeon the Proud, 58
slavery, 25, 64, 80, 148, 177, 179
Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, 102
Slavic peoples, founders of, 48–51
Sloboda, Aleksandrova, 83
Snake Ramparts, 29
Sobornoye ulozheniye, 100
Social Democrats, 167–168
Socialism in One Country, 176, 190
Socialist Revolutionaries, 173
soldiers
as landholders, 73, 79
serfs as, 156
streltsy, the, 79, 97, 104, 105–106, 111
World War I and, 169
Sophia Alexeyevna, 103
Soviet Union, see Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Special Corp of Gendarmes, 147
Speransky, Mikhail, 135
Stalin, Joseph, 42, 175–182, 190, 194, 206
state and religion, 30, 47, 77–78, 108
St. Petersburg, 94, 96, 112
streltsy, the, 79, 97, 104, 105–106, 111
Stroganovs, the, 81–82
Supreme Privy Council, 121–122
Sviatopolk (brother of Yaroslav), 33
Sviatoslav, Prince, 28–29
Sweden, as threat, 89, 98
Swedish Empire, loss to Russia, 113–114
Syrian Civil War (2015–), 202
Table of Ranks, 107–108
Tale of Igor’s Campaign, The, 41–42
Tatars, see Mongols
taxation, 35, 56, 82, 85, 107, 130, 157
technology, 13, 96–97, 106, 136, 149, 176–177
terem, the, 72
Teutonic Knights, 56
Third Rome, 14–15, 71, 210
Third Section, 147, 159
Thor, 26
timelines
862–1113, 21
1223–1480, 45
1462–1613, 68
1613–1725, 92
1725–1796, 116
1812–1905, 137
1905–1991, 164
1991–2024, 192
Time of Troubles, 70, 82, 86, 88–89, 90, 97, 99, 207
Tokhtamysh, 61, 62–63
trade routes, 25–26, 28, 32–33, 37, 39, 41, 51, 65, 81, 151
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 173
Treaty of Nerchinsk, 104
Treaty of Tyavzino, 87
Tsargrad, see Byzantium
tsars, role of, 72, 90
Tsereteli, Zurab, 94
Tver, 57, 60, 62
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(USSR)
dissolution of, 190–191, 195, 207
formation of, 174
Union Treaty, 189
unipolar world order, 201, 204
universities, 102, 119, 127, 150, 156, 157, 159. see also education
uprisings, see wars and coups
urbanization, 65
Uvarov, Sergei, 145
Uzbeg, Khan of the Golden Horde, 57
Varangian Guard, the, 23
Varangians, the, 22, 39
Vasily III (son of Ivan III), 73–74
Vasnetsov, Viktor, 22, 23
veche, the, 35–36, 49
Vikings, 13–14, 16, 22–23, 26, 29, 89
Viskovaty, Ivan, 77
Vladimir (son of Sviatoslav), 29
Vladimir the Great, 29–33
Vsevolod, Prince, 49, 50
Vyacheslav (brother of Yaroslav), 35
Vyshnegradsky, Ivan, 160
War Communism, 173–174
wars and coups, see also military; soldiers
of 1991, 189
Civil War (1918–22), 174, 190
Cuban Missile Crisis, 182
First Northern War, 100
Great Northern War, 112, 113
Great Patriotic War (see World War II)
hybrid wars, 202
Patriotic War, 140
Persian Campaign, 1722-3, 112
Peter the Great and, 112–115
Putin and, 202, 203
Russo-Persian War, 1722-3, 114
Russo-Turkish War, 128
Seven Years War, 123
with Sweden, 87
Syrian Civil War (2015–), 202
War of Spanish Succession, 110
World War I, 168–172, 190
World War II, 179–182, 190, 194
West, the
Alexei Romanov and, 98–99
arms race with, 185
Catherine the Great and, 126
farming methods, 119–120
mass media and, 200–201, 204–205, 208–209
modernization and, 139–140
Nicholas I and, 149–150
influences of, 15–16
1990s and, 195
paranoia of, 194
Peter the Great and, 95, 110–112, 114
Putin and, 40–41
technological, 96–97, 176–177
2000s, during, 209–212
unipolar world order and, 201, 204
Western rationalism, 146
Witte, Sergei, 160
women, roles of, 72, 120–121, 127, 158, 175, 178
World War I, 168–172, 190
World War II, 179–182, 190, 194
Yalta Conference (1945), 181
Yaropolk (son of Sviatoslav), 29
Yaroslav the Wise, 33, 34, 35, 36, 50
Yeltsin, Boris, 188–190, 196–198, 199
Yuri (brother of Ivan IV), 74
Yuri Dolgoruky (Long-Armed Yuri), 51
Zaliznyak, Andrei, 11
Zemshchina (the Land), 83, 84
Zemsky Sobor (Assembly of the Land), 78, 87, 90–91