INDEX

 

Abortion, 488–89, 494–97, 501

Acton, 142

Agnosticism, 211

Ajuna, 18

Alexander the Great, 51–52

Altruism, 376–77

Analytical philosophy, 214, 215, 350

Analytical positivism, 222–23, 359

Anthropology, 26, 452–53

Antigone, 19–25

Anti-semitism, 301–02, 305

Aquinas, St Thomas see St Thomas of Aquinas

Archimedes, 56–57

Arendt, Hannah, 313

Arndt, Ernst Moritz, 303

Aristotle, 19, 26

Bacon, Sir Francis, 82

choice, 46

Cicero, 55

city states, 42, 47

conventions, 45

empiricism, 41, 45, 48–49

essence, 41

ethics, 41–43

good, 42

happiness, 44–45

Hegel, 170–71

hierarchy of purpose, 42–43

jurisprudence, 41–49

justice, 46–48

Kelsen, 383

liberalism, 45

MacIntyre, 411, 412

morality, 43, 49

natural justice, 68

natural law, 48–49

nature, 171

Nicomachean Ethics, 42, 47, 68

Plato, 36, 41, 47

pleasure, 44

Politics, 48

rationality, 43, 49

reason, 46

rulers, 47

self-government, 48

slavery, 170–71

society, 41, 47

souls, 42–43

St Thomas Aquinas, 65, 66, 71

teleology, 41

truth, 26, 53

virtue, 45

Asceticism, 59–61

Auden, WH, 1, 3

Augustine, 59–66

Austin, John, 218–45

analytical philosophy, 218–30

analytical positivism, 222–23

aristocracy, 214, 215

authority, 232–33

Bauman, 234

Bentham, 214, 218, 234, 238, 241, 244

bill of rights, 238

Chisick, 234

civil law, 238–39

class, 214, 215

common good, 223, 232

Comte, 227

codification, 242

constitutions, 214

context, 220, 224

Cotterrell, 226

criminal law, 225

Critical Legal Studies

Movement, 455

decision-making, 242

depotism, 235

desires, 244

Dworkin, R, 416

education, 215, 216

empiricism, 231

English Civil War, 236

enlightenment, 234

epistemology, 224–27

ethics, 233, 245

European Union, 237

French Revolution, 215

general will, 240

God, 237

government, 214–16, 219, 226, 231–32, 235, 238–41

Hart, 220, 224, 228, 354–60, 368, 373, 379

Hobbes, 214, 227, 240, 244–45

Holocaust, 316

human rights, 223, 235

Hume, 223, 244

impartiality, 233

induction, 227, 228

institutions, 234

international law, 239–43

interpretation, 218–45

judiciary, 241–43

jurisprudence, 218–45

justice, 217

Kant, 240

Kelsen, 329, 331, 333, 347

knowledge, 214–15, 216, 217, 227, 233, 245

language, 240

law, definition of, 231–32

law-making, 241–43

legal positivism, 5, 6, 213–30

legality, 224, 241

liberalism, 235, 245

Locke, 244

Maine, 220, 225

Malthus, 233–35

Marx, 254, 256

methodology, 218–20, 228

Mill, 211, 245

modernity, 213–17, 218, 228

morality, 232, 237–39

nation state, 232

natural law, 231, 235

objectivity, 229, 230

Popper, 228–30

population, 233–35

positivism, 227–33

power, 232, 239

principles, 221

psychology, 244

public opinion, 239

punishment, 214, 235

reason, 216

reform, 214, 225

research, 228

Roman law, 215

Rousseau, 240

rulers, 232, 237–39, 241–42

rules, 221

Rumble, 220

sanctions, 238, 240, 244

scepticism, 240

science, 219, 228, 229–30, 245

separation of powers, 241

social administration, 215

social justice, 232–35

social science, 229

sociology, 224–27, 236

sovereignty, 223, 226, 235–39

superiority, 216, 232

synthesis, 223, 227

truth, 233, 245

Unger, 471

utilitarianism, 9, 231, 237–39, 244–45

Weber, 225, 226

Authority, 72–73, 208, 308, 327, 336, 338

Autonomy, 131–32, 154, 165

 

Bacon, Sir Francis, 81–82, 87, 99

Balfour, James, 183

Bartlett, Katharine, 485

Bartoszewski, 379

Baumann, 234, 300–01, 303, 311

Beccaria, 147, 148

Bentham, Jeremy Austin, 214, 218, 234, 238, 241, 244

Blackstone, 188

church, 195

control, 197–98

democracy, 195

ethics, 193

God, 189

happiness, 193–95, 197

human rights, 196

Hume, 188

interest, 187

judicial law-making, 241

jurisprudence, 186–98

justice, 197

Kant, 144, 147

Kelsen, 347

knowledge, 196

law, 189–95

legal positivism, 189

legislature, 190, 191–92

legitimate expectations, 189

Marx, 254

Mill, John Stuart, 198, 199–201, 203

morality, 186–88

nature, 187

panopticon, 195–96

pleasure-pain calculus, 191–92

property, 194–95

punishment, 191, 193–94, 195

radicalism, 194–95

Rawls, John, 197

reason, 187

reform, 194–95

religion, 187

rulers, 190–91, 195

sanctions, 191

self-interest, 188, 195

Smith, 198

social contract, 189

social life, 195

sympathy, 197

subjectivity, 186

totalitarianism, 196

utilitarianism, 147, 186–98

visibility, 197–98

Bill of rights, 238

Birth control, 494–97

Blackstone, Sir William, 188, 465

Bladerunner, 10–11

Buchheim, Hans, 303–04

Bureaucracy, 270, 272, 278, 324, 329

 

Camus, Albert, 12

Capital, 180

Capitalism

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 451

legality, 278–79

Marx, 250, 261, 263–64, 268–73

national states, 278–79

Nozick, 401, 404

post-capitalism, 273–74

Smith, 179–85

tradition, 514

Weber, 276, 278–79, 281

Cavafy, 60

Centralism, 37

Charisma, 288–89, 302–03

Chisick, 234

Choice

Aristotle, 46

Dworkin, R, 425

Hume, 106

Kafka, 515

Mill, 205

Rawls, 413

Shakespeare, 75–76

Christianity see also God

Church, 71, 195, 296

God, 51–74

justice, 384–85

Kelsen, 384–85

Machiavelli, 76

nation states, 83

nature, 51–74

power, 51–74

Roman Empire, 64

Church, 71, 195, 296

Cicero of Arpinum, 54–56

Civil disobedience, 23

Civil law, 96, 195, 238–39

Classes

aristocracy, 214, 215

Austin, 214, 215

economics, 253–54

French Revolution, 167

Marx, 249, 253–54, 261–63, 273

Plato, 36

Weber, 282

working, 264, 265, 268, 270–71, 284

Codification, 242

Coercion

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 462

Dworkin, R, 421

Hart, 352, 382

Kelsen, 325, 333–34

Kennedy, 466

Nozick, 403

Weber, 279

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 210

Command theory, 23

Common good, 34, 159, 223, 232, 313

Communication, 391

Communism, 248, 251, 262, 264, 271–73

Communitarianism

Dworkin, R, 446

good, 413

MacIntyre, 410–12

Mill, 211

right, 413

Sandel, 408–09

Taylor, 409–10

Unger, 472

Comte, Auguste, 210, 227

Conformity, 207

Conscience, 182

Constitutions

Austin, 214

Dworkin, R, 427

Hegel, 170

Kelsen, 338

Marx, 268–70

state, 166–67

United States, 14

Context, 3, 220, 224

Contracte, 93–95, 107

see also Social contract

Control, 197–98

Conventions, 45, 378, 379, 435

Cornell, Drucilla, 508

Cotterrell, 4, 8, 226, 437

Creativity, 290

Creon, 20–23

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 12

anthropology, 452–53

Austin, 455

capitalism, 451

coercion, 462

decision-making, 465

definition, 453

Dworkin, R, 416

education, 454–56

equality, 461

experience, 464

feminism, 505

foundationalism, 474

fundamental contradiction, 465–68

Gabel, 467

God, 473, 477

Gordon, 454–55, 462, 463

Hart, 456, 460

hermeneutics, 457

Hobbes, 464, 468, 473, 476

human rights, 456, 463

interpretation, 463

justice, 459

Kennedy, 456, 459, 464, 465–66

Keynes, 449–51

knowledge, 452–53

language, 468

law and economics, 529

legal positivism, 14

legality, 475

legislation, 460

Levi-Strauss, 452–53

liberalism, 456, 460–65, 467, 474–75

Luxemburg, 451

Marxism, 460, 461, 462

modernity, 451, 457, 463, 475–76

nihilism, 474, 476

ontology, 474

origins, 453–54

politics, 461–65

positivism, 457, 459, 465, 474

rationality, 450, 459–60, 467–68, 474

reason, 460, 475–76

reification, 463–65

Rousseau, 161

scepticism, 449–77

social life, 460, 462, 467, 519

social order, 456

social progress, 457–59

suspicion, 449–77

transformation, 468–73

Unger, 459, 461, 468–73

United States, 453–56

Weber, 475–76

Williams, P, 458–60, 466–67

Culture

feminism, 497–507

Nozick, 406

religion, 9

tribalism, 520–21

Custom, 447, 471

 

De Beauvoir, Simone, 494–95

Death, 16, 52

Decision-making

Austin, 242

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 465

Dworkin, R, 14, 425, 428, 430, 437

feminism, 484, 500–01

Fuller, 388

judiciary, 425–37,

Rawls, 394–95

Weber, 281

Deconstruction

gamesmanship, 523–24

God, 524

humanism, 522

Hume, 110–12

misunderstanding, 521–22

self, 111–12

Democracy, 34, 195, 308–10, 317, 334, 348

Dependency, 161

Derrida, Jacques, 522–23

Descartes, Rene, 82–83

Despotism, 235

Determinism, 119, 124

Deterrence, 145

Deutsche, Isaac, 300

Devlin, 204

Dialectics, 164, 175–76, 248–50

Dignity, 133, 144, 146

Dike, 19, 24

Dipper, Christof, 307

Discipline, 203, 207, 286–87, 311–12

Dispute resolution, 423–27, 484

Diversity, 8

Divine law, 70

Division of labour, 184

Douzinas, 24

Drucker, Peter, 273

Dualism, 163–64

Durkheim, Emile, 346

Dryden, John, 75

Dworkin, Andrea, 492, 507

Dworkin, Ronald

Austin, 416

choice, 425

coercion, 421

communitarianism, 446

consistency, 425–26

constitutionalism, 427

conventions, 435

Cotterrell, 437

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 416, 465

criticisms, 436–37

custom, 447

decision-making, 14, 425, 428, 430, 437

discretion, 425

disenchantment, 418–19

dispute resolution 425–27

Enlightenment, 416

epistemology, 417, 430

ethics, 415

expressionism, 421

feminism, 496–97

foundationalism, 434

Fuller, 415, 419, 435, 447

Gadamer, 417

globalisation, 514

grammar, 423–25

Guest, 420

hard cases, 426–27, 429

Hart, 415, 416–17, 421–23, 442–43

Hegel, 420

hermeneutics, 418, 439, 442

human rights, 427–29

identity, 14

interpretation, 438–48

intuition, 438

judicial, 425–37

creativity, 422–25

justice, 417

Kant, 420

Kelsen, 416

knowledge, 417

law–making, 431, 437

Law’s Empire, 415–48

legal positivism, 14, 416–18, 422–23, 427, 436, 438

legality, 421, 438

legislation, 426

liberalism, 419

metaphysics, 446–48

methodology, 416, 418–22, 430

Mill, 211

modernity, 417, 434, 447

morality, 437, 440, 447

Nazis, 440, 441

Nietzsche, 420, 438, 439

nihilism, 418

objectivity, 418–19

politics, 418

positivism, 418, 419–20, 439–40

post-modernity, 9–12, 418–22, 430

pragmatism, 435, 439

precedent, 422, 426

rationality, 438

reasoning, 422

relativism, 440

religion, 447

rule of law, 418, 421

rules, 426–27

scepticism, 445

social science, 417

tradition, 416

transparency, 416

United States, 416, 427, 432

 

Economics see Law and economics

Education see also Training

Austin, 215, 216

Critical Legal Studies

Movement, 454–56

Plato, 35–37

truth, 35–37

Eirene, 19

Elitism, 37, 39

Emancipation, 270

Empiricism

Aristode, 41, 45, 48–49

Austin, 231

Bacon, 81

Hobbes, 89

Hume, 104, 128

Kant, 132, 135–36

Kelsen, 337–41

natural law, 48–49

Engels, Friedrich, 248, 260, 262–64

English Civil War, 236

Enlightenment, 32, 234, 247, 284, 287–88, 416

Epistemology

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 461

feminism, 490, 491

Hart, 376

Rawls, 395–96

Unger, 468–69

Epictetus, 52–53

Equality

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 461

feminism, 490, 491

Hart, 376

Rawls, 395–96

Unger, 468–69

Eschatology, 61, 98–99

Essence, 41

Eternal law, 69

Ethics, 24

see also Morality

Austin, 233, 245

Bentham, 193

Dworkin, R, 415

Hegel, 163–78

Hobbes, 99, 100

Hume, 128

Kant, 151

legality, 100

Machiavelli, 76

Mill, 207

Austin, 224–27

Dworkin, R, 417, 430

feminism, 483

Hobbes, 86, 99, 101

Hume, 112, 116, 121, 122, 130

Kelsen, 329–30, 340

Marx, 270

Mill, 210

scepticism, 116

social order, 86

Wittgenstein, 363

Eugenics, 304

Eunomia, 19

European Union, 233

Existentialism, 15–27, 16–17, 73–74, 184

Exploitation, 270–71, 274

Expressionism, 264, 421

 

Faith

Aristotle, 58

Augustine, 60–61

God, 66

Hobbes, 86, 88, 98, 101

Kant, 139

knowledge, 139

Marx, 270

morality, 139

scepticism, 58

Smith, 184

St Thomas Aquinas, 66

Family, 23, 481, 482, 488

Fear, 8–9, 79

Felden, Klemens, 301–02

Feminism

abortion, 488–89, 494–97, 500–01

Bartlett, 485

birth control, 494–97

black women, 509–11

Cornell, 508

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 505

cultural, 485, 497–507

De Beauvoir, 494–95

decision-making, 484, 500–01

Declaration of Sentiments, 486

definition, 479–80

difference theory, 497–506

dispute resolution, 484

domination, 480–83

Dworkin, A, 492, 507

Dworkin, R, 496–97

epistemology, 483

equality, 491

family, 481–82, 488

fears, 507–08

Firestone, 494

freedom, 504

Freud, 482

Gilligan, 497–503

humanism, 508

impartiality, 490

Irigaray, 507–08

jurisprudence, 479–512

justice, 480–83, 488, 500

Kohlberg, 498

Lacey, Nicola, 487–88

legalism, 496–97

liberalism, 12, 486–88, 491, 496–97, 504–06

Lorde, Audre, 510

MacKinnon, 488–90, 493, 497, 503

marriage, 485

Marx, 489

methodology, 485

Mill, 486–87, 491

modernity, 490, 494, 512

morality, 498–502

mythology, 482

patriarchy, 480–83

pornography, 489, 492

post-modernity, 511–12

power, 483, 488

punishment, 498–99

radical, 485, 488–94, 505–07

rationality, 484

Rawls, 488

reason, 500

Rousseau, 482

schools, 485–506

self, 501

sexual harassment, 492

slavery, 509

Smart, Carol, 492–93, 502

state, 490

subjection, 24

subjectivity, 486, 508–11

technology, 494–97

tradition, 483

United States, 503, 505

violence, 483, 492, 497

West, 504

Feuerbach, 256, 270

Fienberg, Joel, 208

Finnis,John, 12

Firestone, 494

Fish, Stanley, 514

Forbes, Duncan, 123

Formalism, 289–90, 324, 329–31

Foundationalism

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 474

Dworkin, R, 434

Hume, 113

Kelsen, 336, 346

Marx, 255

Wittgenstein, 366

Free market, 398–407

Freedom

feminism, 504

happiness, 164

Hegel, 164–65, 172, 173, 177

Kant, 150

Kelsen, 325–26, 347

knowledge, 177, 284–85

Marx, 256–57, 259, 268

Mill, 203, 205, 207, 211

modernity, 164–65

morality, 150

Nozick, 403

opinion, 205

Rousseau, 154–55, 160

subjectivity, 172

thought, 205

Weber, 284–86

French Revolution, 123, 167, 215

Freud, Sigmeund, 295, 482

Fuller, Lon

aspirations, 387, 388, 447

communication, 391

decision-making, 388

Dworkin, R, 415, 419, 435, 447

Hart, 382, 386, 390

Holocaust, 318–20

law-making, 389

legality, 386–91

modernity, 391

morality, 387, 388–90

natural law, 386, 388, 391

positivism, 391

Raz, 390

rules, 387, 389–90

social life, 387

social progress, 387

sociology, 386

Functionalism, 114, 360–66

 

Gabel, 467

General will, 156–60, 166–67, 240

Gewith, 412

Gilligan, Carol, 497–502

God, 6, 9

Augustine, 61–66

Austin, 237

Bentham, 189

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 473, 477

deconstruction, 524

divine law, 70

Dworkin, R, 417

eschatology, 61

grace, 61, 70

happiness, 65, 70

Hegel, 177, 178

Hobbes, 80, 85, 86–88, 95–96, 99

Holocaust, 315

holy, 17–19

Hume, 115

Kant, 132, 150

Kelsen, 328–29, 331, 346, 384–85

love, 61, 65

Marx, 247, 255

modernity, 9

mortal, 95–96

nature, 51–74

Nietzsche, 178, 292–93

nihilism, 115

power, 51–74, 94–95

proof, 80

reason, 62, 88

Rousseau, 161

rulers, 73

Smith, 184

St Thomas Aquinas, 65–66

state, 71

stoicism, 52

will, 62, 63, 65

Goethe, Johann, 303

Goldhagen, Daniel, 301, 305–06

Good see also Virtue

Aristode, 42

communitarianism, 413

Hegel, 176

Kant, 143–49

Maclntyre, 410–11

punishment, 146–49

Rawls, 414

right, 144–49, 413, 414

Sandel, 408

sentencing, 146–49

Gordon, Robert, 454–55, 462, 463

Government

Austin, 214–16, 219, 226, 231–32, 236, 238–41

despotism, 235

knowledge, 518

legitimacy, 157, 165

Nozick, 398, 406

Rousseau, 157

social contracts, 157

social control, 127

Gramsci, Antonio, 262

Greece

Alexander the Great, 51–52

Antigone, 19–22

Aristode, 19, 26

city-states, 28–29

classical, 15–25

Dike, 19

Eirene, 19

Eunomia, 19

existentialism, 19–22, 26–27

Hegel, 22, 168

individualism, 168

justice, 19

literature, 19–22

Metis, 18

morality, 19

mythology, 18, 26

natural law, 15–33

Nietzsche, 296

philosophy, 26–32, 52

Plato, 19, 26, 29–31

rationality, 51

rulers, 28

Themis, 18, 19

Zeus, 18, 19

Guest, 420

Guilt, 141

 

Happiness

Aristode, 44–45

Bentham, 193–95, 197

freedom, 164

God, 65, 70

Hegel, 164

justice, 383–84

Kelsen, 383–84

Marx, 259

Mill 200

pleasure, 44

St Thomas Aquinas, 65

Harm, 202, 204, 208

Hart, HLA

altruism, 376–77

analytical positivism, 359

Austin, 220, 224, 228, 354–60, 368, 373, 379

authority, 355

coercion, 352, 382

Concept of Law, 351–61, 371, 376, 379

conventions, 378, 379

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 450, 460

Devlin, 204

Dworkin, R, 415, 416–17, 421–23, 442–43

equality, 376

existentialism, 16

external law, 372–73

formalism, 379–82

Fuller, 382, 386, 390

functionality, 360–66

Holocaust, 318–20, 321, 379

identification, 375

Imperative Theory, 356–60

internal law, 372–73

Kelsen, 371, 374

language, 355–56, 360–67, 381

legal positivism, 5, 7, 351–82, 522

legal system, 368–70, 375, 377

legality, 352, 355

methodology, 358, 374

Mill, 204

modernity, 352, 359

morality, 379

natural law, 376–79

Nietzsche, 297

norms, 374

obedience, 370, 371

obligations, 352, 369

punishment, 357

rationality, 359

reasoning, 379–82

recognition, 366–68, 370, 372–75

regulation, 367

resources, 376

risk, 376

rule of law, 353

rulers, 356–58

rules, 357–60, 367–74, 523

sanctions, 352, 359, 378

scepticism, 379–82

science, 380

sociology, 353–54, 360–66

sovereignty, 375

understanding, 377

validity, 373–75

Weber, 358

Wittgenstein, 360–68

Hedonism, 520

Hegel, Georg

Aristotle, 170–71

autonomy, 165

constitutionality, 170

dialectics, 164, 175–76

Dworkin, R, 420

dualism, 163–64

ethics, 163–78

freedom, 164–65, 172, 173, 177

French Revolution, 167

general will, 166–67

God, 177, 178

good, 176

Greece, 22, 168

happiness, 164

history, 164, 168, 170, 172–73, 176, 178

Hobbes, 165, 170, 174

identity, 170–72

individualism, 167, 178

Kant, 164

Kelsen, 326

knowledge, 167, 174–75, 177

law, 172–74

legal development, 173

legal positivism, 177

legality, 170

legitimacy, 165, 166, 171

liberalism, 178

Locke, 165

Marx, 253, 255–59

modernity, 164–65, 168, 175–78

morality, 165–66

natural law, 177–78

Neitzsche, 178

Phenomenology of Spirit, 168

Philosophy of Right, 165

public opinion, 176

rationality, 172–73, 176, 177

reason, 170, 176

religion, 175, 176

Romanticism, 168–69

Rousseau, 164–66

rulers, 169–74

science, 175

slavery, 170–72

sins, 174

social contract, 165–66, 174

social justice, 164

social life, 166–67, 168

social order, 165–66

social role, 174–75

social theory, 168

sociality, 167

society, 165, 166

sovereignty, 165, 169, 174

state, 165–67, 176

subjectivity, 168, 171–72

synthesis, 164

total reconciliation, 163–78

totality, 163–64, 168, 175

tradition, 175–76

truth, 174

utilitarianism, 165, 169

warning, 168–69

Weber, 284–86

wisdom, 514

Heidegger, Martin, 6

Herrschaft, 279

Hiero, 56–57

Hinduism, 17

History

Augustine, 64–65

Hegel, 164, 168, 170, 172–73, 176, 178

Hume, 104, 123

liberalism, 211–12

Marx, 248, 250, 265

Mill, 211–12

Nozick, 405–07

philosophy, 64–65

rationality, 172–73

Hider, Adolf, 300, 302–03, 305

Hobbes, Thomas

Austin, 214, 27, 240, 244

Bacon, Francis Sir, 87, 99

Christianity, 80

civil laws, 97

contracts, 93–94

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 464, 468, 473, 476

empiricism, 89

epistemology, 86, 99, 101

eschatology, 98

ethics, 99, 100

existentialism, 16

faith, 86, 88, 98, 101

fear, 79

God, 80, 85–88, 95–96, 99, 101

Hegel, 165, 170, 174

Holocaust, 301

Hume, 105–06, 107

imperative theory of law, 75–102

justice, 92

Kafka, 515

Kelsen, 328

knowledge, 88, 99

language, 87, 90

legal positivism, 6, 92

legal realism, 96

legality, 100

Leviathan, 81, 85, 86, 88–91, 100

liberalism, 79

methodology, 99

modernity, 100

morality, 96, 98

natural law, 90, 91–94, 96–100

nature, 80, 91, 94

nominalism, 87

philosophy, 100

power, 86–88, 91, 93, 96–99

property, 94

Protestantism, 99

psychology, 80

punishment, 98

reason, 88, 98

recognition of laws, 97

religion, 80–81, 89, 98

Rousseau, 156

rules, 97

rulers, 95–98, 100

sin, 92

Smith, 185

social contract, 95, 174

social life, 520

social order, 86, 99

sovereignty, 86–88, 92, 95–98, 100

truth, 90

Holderlin, Johann, 16

Holism, 106–08

Holmes, OW, 7

Holocaust, 299–321

anti-Semitism, 301–02, 305

Arendt, 313

Arndt, 303

Austin, 316

authority, 308

Bartoszewski, 379

Baumann, 300–01, 303, 311

Buchheim, 303–04

camp guards, 311–12

certainty, 313

charisma, 302–03

citizenship, 321

common good, 313

co-operation, 321

democracy, 308–10, 317

Deutsche, 300

Dipper, 307

discipline, 311–12

eugenics, 304

expediency, 13

Felden, 301–02

Fuller, 318–20

German ideologies, 301–02

God, 315

Goethe, 303

Goldhagen, 301, 305–06

Hart, 318–20, 321, 379

Hider, 300, 302–03, 305

Hobbes, 301

homogeneity, 308–09

Hume, 311

Husserl, 299

individualism, 309, 313

informants, 318–21

institutionalism, 307–10

international law, 316

Jackson, 317

jurisprudence, 312–21

justice, 313

Kelsen, 313

law, 305–07

legal positivism, 313, 316, 318–21

legality, 316–18

legitimacy, 309, 313–16

liberalism, 307–08

Marcus, 306

modernity, 300, 303, 308–11

morality, 319–20

nationalism, 303

natural law, 314, 316

Nietzsche, 302

Nuremberg Laws, 306–07

Nuremberg trials, 314–16

politics, 317

population, 304

propaganda, 306

Radbruch, 313

rationality, 300, 303–05, 310–11

retrospectively, 315, 319

rule of law, 314, 317

Schmitt, 307–10

Shklar, 317, 318

social engineering, 303–05

SS men, 311–12

subjectivity, 516

sympathy, 311

technology, 310

Wagner, 310

Wallershoff, 312, 315

Weber, 301

Holy, 17–19

Human rights

Movement, 456, 463

Austin, 223, 225

Bentham, 196

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 456, 463

Dworkin, R, 427–29

existentialism, 15

Locke, 405

Marx, 267

Mill, 199–201

Nozick, 401, 405–06

Humanism, 251, 324, 508, 522–23

Hume, David

Austin, 223, 244

Bentham, 188

choice, 106

deconstruction, 110, 111–12

determinism, 119, 124

empiricism, 104, 128

epistemology, 112, 116, 121, 122, 130

ethics, 128

experience, 103–30

fear, 120

Forbes, Duncan, 123

foundationism, 113

French Revolution, 123

functionalism, 114

God, 115

history, 104, 123

Hobbes, 105–06, 107

holism, 106–08

Holocaust, 311

individualism, 106–08

institutionalism, 123–27

jurisprudence, 105–06

justice, 106, 121, 122–24, 126

Kant, 114, 132–33, 135–36, 139–42

knowledge, 106, 108–09, 127

legal positivism, 105, 126

Levellers, 121, 122

liberalism, 112

Livingston, Donald, 120

memory, 116–18

methodology, 106–08

modernity, 103–30

morality, 118–19, 128–30

motives, 120

natural justice, 126

natural law, 118

nature, 114, 126

Nietzsche, 115

nihilism, 115

Norton, 116

opinion, 127

philosophy, 110–11, 115, 128–30

Plato, 113

post-modernity, 115

rationalism, 111, 124, 128

reason, 108, 110–11

reflexivity, 111

religion, 119, 127

reputation, 117

rhetoric, 110

Rousseau, 108, 154

scepticism, 104, 110, 113, 116

security, 112

self, 116–17, 129

Smith, 127, 180–81, 182, 183

Smith, Kemp, 104

social change, 127

social contract, 107, 125

social control, 127

sociallife, 116–18, 122, 125

social order, 105, 107

social sciences, 115

social theory, 129

sociality, 106–08

society, 110–11, 122–23

Stroud, Barry, 104

subjectivism, 111, 113

sympathy, 311, 524

Taylor, Charles, 108

tradition, 103–30

truth, 105–06

Wittgenstein, 115, 363, 366

Hunter, 254

Husserl, Edmund, 299

 

Identity, 14, 170–72, 375

Imperative Theory, 356–60

Individual rights see Human rights Individualism

Greece, 168

Hegel, 167, 178

holism, 106–08

Holocaust, 309, 313

Hume, 106–08

Maclntyre, 410

Marx, 249, 270

methodology, 107–08

Mill, 207, 208, 209, 211

Nietzsche, 298

Nozick, 398, 407

Rousseau, 160–61

Taylor, 409

Weber, 288

Institutionalism

Austin, 234

Holocaust, 307–10

Hume, 123–27

Kelsen, 335

legitimacy, 519

Nietzsche, 296–97

Rousseau, 153–56

International law, 239–43, 316

Intolerance, 207–08

Intuition, 134, 144–45

Irigaray, Luce, 507–08

Israel, 84

 

Jackson, 317

Jamerson, Freick, 520–21

Jesus Christ, 61, 295–96

Judiciary

Austin, 241–43

Bentham, 241

consistency, 425–27

creativity, 422–25

decision-making, 425–37

discretion, 242, 424

dispute resolution, 425–37

Dworkin, R, 425–37

Kelsen, 328

law-making, 241, 431

legal positivism, 328

Jurisprudence

definition, 1–2

Hume 105–06

modernity, 4–9

scope, 1–2

Justice see also Natural justice

Aristotle, 46–48

Augustine, 61–63

Austin, 217

authenticity, 383–85

Bentham, 197

Christianity, 384–85

corrective, 47

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 459

distributive, 47

Dworkin,R, 417

dynamic, 383–85

exploitation, 270–71

family, 488

feminism, 480–83, 500

general, 47

Greece, 19

happiness, 383–84

Hobbes, 92

Holocaust, 313

Hume, 106, 121–24, 126

Kelsen, 383–85

Marx, 270–71

Mill, 209

natural law, 61–63

Nozick, 399, 403

particular, 47

Plato, 34–40

rationality, 124

Rawls, 393–97, 413–14, 488

right, 413

Rousseau, 156–57

rules, 124

Sandel, 408–09

social contract, 156–57

society, 122–23

St Thomas Aquinas, 67–68

static, 383–85

virtue, 126

 

Kafka, Franz, 515–18

Kali, 17–18

Kant, Immanuel

Acton, 142

Austin, 240

autonomy, 131–32

Bentham, 144, 144, 147

categorical imperative, 140

causality, 139–40

commonwealth, 151–52

Critique of Practical Reason, 135

Critique of Pure Reason, 144

dignity, 133, 144, 146

Dworkin, R, 420

empiricism, 132, 136, 142

epistemology, 132, 133, 135

ethics, 151

faith, 139

freedom, 150

God, 132, 150

good, 143–49

guilt, 141

Hegel, 164

Hume, 114, 132–33, 137, 141

intuition, 134, 144–45

Kelsen, 324, 349

knowledge, 132–33, 135–36, 139–42

language, 137

liberalism, 131, 152

metaphysics, 135, 143–44

Metaphysics of Morals, 143

modernity, 131–52

morality, 132, 135, 137–42, 149–50

motives, 150

nature, 150

offences, 140–41

ontology, 143

presuppositions, 135–36

progress, 149–52

punishment, 144, 145–49

purity, 131–32

rationality, 134, 137–43, 150

reason, 132–36, 138–41, 143–44, 149, 152

religion, 152

right, 144–49

scepticism, 133

science, 136

self, 132

sentencing, 146–49

social life, 149

transcendence, 138, 142

understanding, 135–36

universality, 143

utilitarianism, 144–46

What is Orientation in Thinking?, 150

Williams, B, 146

Wittgenstein, 363

wrongs, 141

Kelsen, Hans, 8, 323–50

analytical jurisprudence, 350

Aristotle, 383

Austin, 329, 331, 333, 347

authenticity, 383–84

authority, 327, 336

Bentham, 347

bureaucracy, 324, 329

Christianity, 384–85

coercion, 325, 333–34

constitutions, 338

democracy, 334, 348

Dworkin, R, 416

Durkheim, 346

effectivity, 341–42

empiricism, 337–41

epistemology, 329–30, 340

formalism, 324, 329–31

foundationalism, 336, 346

freedom, 325—26, 347

God, 328–29, 331, 346, 384

grundnorm, 337–41, 343

happiness, 383–84

Hart, 371, 374

Hegel, 326

Hobbes, 328

Holocaust, 313

humanism, 324

institutions, 335

interpretation, 335–37

Kant, 324, 349

judiciary, 328

justice, 327, 383–85

knowledge, 347

Lee, 343

legal order, 325, 328, 334, 337–42

legal positivism, 323, 326, 328, 331, 346–48

legitimacy, 327, 329, 348

metaphysics, 345

methodology, 345

modernity, 333, 347, 348, 384

natural law, 328

nature, 326, 327

Nietzsche, 324, 346, 347–48, 384

norms, 332–35, 336–44

offenders, 344

psychology, 346

pure theory, 323–50

Radbruch, 328

reductionism, 324

religion, 326, 330

Rousseau, 326

rules, 332, 334

sanctions, 333, 336, 341

Schmitt, 328

science, 335–36, 340, 384–85

social life, 336

society, 326

sociology, 324

souls, 330

state, 325, 328–31, 345–46

Stewart, 344

Stoics, 328

subjectivity, 327, 328

transparency, 347

truth, 330, 349, 350

Unger, 469

validity, 341–42

Weber, 324, 331, 385

Kennedy, Duncan

Blackstone, 465

coercion, 466

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 456, 459, 464, 465–66

human rights, 466

liberalism, 465, 466

rules, 465

Keynes, John Maynard, 449, 451

Kings see Rulers

Knowledge

a posteriori, 135

a priori, 135

Augustine, 58

Austin, 214–17, 227, 233, 245

Bacon, 81–82, 99

Bentham, 196

Cicero, 54

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 452–53

Dworkin, R, 417

facts, 108–09

faith, 139

freedom, 177, 284–85

government, 518

Hegel, 167, 174–75, 177

Hobbes, 88

Hume, 106, 108, 127

ideas, 108–09

Kant, 132–33, 135–36, 139–42

Kelsen, 347

modernity, 287–88

methodology, 99

Nietzsche, 295

Plato, 29, 30, 32–33

power, 99, 295

reason, 108

Rousseau, 159

sceptics, 53

social change, 127

social role, 174–75

tradition, 106

Weber, 284–85, 287–88

Kohlberg, Lawrence, 498

Krishna, 17–18

Kronman, 289

 

Lacey, Nicola, 487–88

Laissez-faire, 179, 271

Language

Austin, 240

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 468

games, 362–64, 518, 523

grammar, 423–25

Hart, 355–56, 361–67, 381

Hobbes, 87

international law, 240

Kant, 137

Lyotard, 518

private, 362

Wittgenstein, 1, 361–67

Last Judgment, 185

Law see also Civil law, Law and economics, Law-making, Natural law

ambition, 174

criminal, 195–96

definition, 3–5, 7, 189–90, 231–32

direction, 173–74

external, 372—73

internal, 372–73

positive, 184–85

purpose, 192–93

recognising, 3

society, 247–74

state, 207–08

unwritten, 207–08

Law and economics, 13–14

classes, 253–54

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 519

determinism, 253—54

Marx, 252–54, 262

Posner, Richard, 9

Law-making

Austin, 241–43

Bentham, 241

Dworkin, R, 431, 437

Fuller, 389

judiciary, 241–43, 431

natural law, 72

St Thomas Aquinas, 72

Lee, 343

Legal order, 265–70, 325, 328, 334, 337–42

Legal positivism, 2, 3–9

Austin, 5, 6, 213–30

Bentham, 189

Cotterrell, 4, 8

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 14

Dworkin, R, 14, 416–18, 422–23, 427, 436, 438

God, 6

Hart, 5, 7, 351–82, 522

Hegel, 177

Heidegger, 6

Hobbes, 6, 92

Holocaust, 313, 316, 318–21

Hume, 105, 126

judiciary, 328

Kelsen, 323, 326, 328, 331, 346–48

legal realism, 7

legal system, 5

methodologies, 5, 6

Mill, 211

morality, 5–6

natural law, 22, 177

non-cognitivism, 5

post-modernity, 6–9

separation thesis, 5

socio-legal studies, 4

sociology, 7—8

sovereignty, 6

state, 6

truth, 8

Weber, Max, 8

Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 7

Legal realism, 2, 7, 96

Legal system, 5, 368–70, 375–76

Legality

Austin, 224, 241

capitalism, 278–79

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 475

Dworkin, R, 421, 438

ethics, 100

Fuller, 386–91

Hart, 353, 355

Hegel, 170

Hobbes, 100

Holocaust, 316–18

Marx, 270

nation states, 278–79

linger, 473

Weber, 278–79, 286

Legislature, 190, 191–92, 264

Legislation, 426, 460

Legitimacy

authority, 327

government, 157, 165

Hegel, 165, 166, 171

Holocaust, 309, 313–16

institutions, 519

Kelsen, 327, 329, 348

modernity, 156, 281–83

Nozick, 398, 405

Rawls, 392–93

Rousseau, 153–57

slavery, 171

social contract, 156, 157

St Thomas Aquinas, 71

state, 71

Unger, 473

Weber, 279, 280, 281–83

Lenin, VI, 248, 272

Levellers, 121, 122

Levi-Strauss, Claude, 452—53

Liberalism

Aristode, 45

Austin, 235, 245

conventions, 45

Critical Legal Studies Movement, 456, 460–65, 467, 474–75

deontologicial, 131, 408

Dworkin, R, 419

feminism, 12, 491, 504–06

Hegel, 178

history, 211–12

Hobbes, 79

Holocaust, 307–08

Hume, 112

Kant, 131, 152

Kennedy, 465

Marx, 261, 268

Mill, 199–11

post-modernity, 13

Rawls, 414

Roscoe, 15

Sandel, 408–09

scepticism, 210

sociology, 211–12

Unger, 472

Liberty, 201–06, 398–99

Libertarianism, 398–407

Livingston, Donald, 120

Locke, John, 165, 244, 398–400, 405

Lorde, Audre, 509–10

Luxemburg, Rosa, 451

Lyotard, 518, 519, 520