Timeline of the American Revolution

Key Events Involving Each Major National Player

1775

UNITED STATES Battle of Lexington and Concord (April)
Battle of Bunker Hill (June)
GREAT BRITAIN King George III declares to Parliament that Americans are trying to “establish an independent empire”
FRANCE France sends agents to offer aid to America
SPAIN Spanish merchants begin sending arms to Americans
DUTCH REPUBLIC
INDIA (MYSORE)

1776

UNITED STATES Declaration of Independence signed (July)
Battle of Long Island (August)
British occupy New York City
GREAT BRITAIN
FRANCE French merchants form companies to supply arms to Americans
First French volunteers arrive in United States
SPAIN Spain sends gunpowder up Mississippi to Fort Pitt, Pennsylvania
DUTCH REPUBLIC Dutch merchants send muskets and gunpowder to Americans
INDIA (MYSORE)

1777

UNITED STATES British occupy Philadelphia
Defeat of General John Burgoyne at Saratoga (October)
Encampment at Valley Forge
GREAT BRITAIN British occupy Philadelphia
Defeat of General John Burgoyne at Saratoga (October)
FRANCE French volunteers fight at Battle of Brandywine (September)
SPAIN Major shipments of Spanish supplies for American use arrive in New Orleans
Spanish observers scout Mobile for attack
DUTCH REPUBLIC
INDIA (MYSORE)

1778

UNITED STATES French-American alliance formed
Battle of Monmouth (June)
French-American forces fail to remove British from Newport, Rhode Island
GREAT BRITAIN British forces leave Philadelphia
FRANCE French-American alliance formed
France goes to war with Britain
French-American forces fail to remove British from Newport, Rhode Island
SPAIN Americans defeat British along Mississippi with Spanish munitions and aid
Spanish observers scout Pensacola for attack
DUTCH REPUBLIC
INDIA (MYSORE) British East India Company captures Pondicherry

1779

UNITED STATES Battle of Stony Point, New York (July)
French-American forces fail to remove British from Savannah
U.S. privateer John Paul Jones captures HMS Serapis off Britain
GREAT BRITAIN
FRANCE French navy captures Grenada
French-American forces fail to remove British from Savannah
Joint French-Spanish expedition fails to invade Britain
SPAIN Spain joins France in war against Britain
Spanish capture Mobile and Baton Rouge
Joint French-Spanish expedition fails to invade Britain
DUTCH REPUBLIC
INDIA (MYSORE) British East India Company captures Mahé

1780

UNITED STATES Continental Army surrenders Charleston to British
Patriot and Loyalist Americans in South begin fighting each other, resorting to guerrilla warfare tactics
GREAT BRITAIN Caribbean hurricanes destroy British fleet
Britain gains control of much of Georgia and South Carolina
FRANCE Caribbean hurricanes leave French and Spanish fleets largely intact
France sends army to United States under General Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau
SPAIN Spanish navy captures major British convoy in Atlantic
DUTCH REPUBLIC Britain declares war on Dutch Republic (December)
INDIA (MYSORE)

1781

UNITED STATES Articles of Confederation ratified (March)
Battle of Yorktown (September–October)
GREAT BRITAIN British leave West Florida
Battle of Yorktown
FRANCE Battle of the Chesapeake (September)
Battle of Yorktown
SPAIN Spanish capture Pensacola
DUTCH REPUBLIC Britain captures Sint Eustatius in Caribbean
Dutch and British navies battle to a draw at Dogger Bank in North Sea (August)
INDIA (MYSORE) French support of Mysore collapses
British victory at Porto Novo (modern Parangapetti)

1782

UNITED STATES United States begins separate peace negotiations with Britain
GREAT BRITAIN Britain agrees to give United States favorable peace terms
FRANCE British defeat French naval forces at Battle of the Saintes in Caribbean (April)
British capture Admiral François-Joseph-Paul de Grasse in Caribbean
SPAIN Spanish and French capture Minorca from British
Spanish and French forces fail to defeat Britain at Gibraltar
DUTCH REPUBLIC Dutch Republic recognizes United States
INDIA (MYSORE) French Admiral Pierre André de Suffren arrives in India to support alliance with Mysore
Joint French-Mysore campaign captures Cuddalore
Tipu Sultan succeeds his father, Hyder Ali

1783

UNITED STATES United States signs separate peace treaty with Britain
GREAT BRITAIN Britain signs separate peace treaty with United States
FRANCE France signs separate peace treaty with Britain
SPAIN Spain signs separate peace treaty with Britain
DUTCH REPUBLIC Dutch Republic signs separate truce with Britain
INDIA (MYSORE) British victory at Cuddalore marks last battle of American Revolution