1. R.J. Manion. Life is an Adventure. Toronto: The Ryerson Press, 1936. 289.
2. Address of R.B. Bennett, cited in The Family of Nations. New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Division of Intercourse and Education, 1935. 12. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1400.
3. Bruce Hutchison. Mr. Prime Minister, 1867–1964. Toronto: Longmans, 1964. 240.
4. Bennett speech to convention accepting nomination. Minutes of the Winnipeg Convention, October 11, 1927. 198–199. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 909.
5. Robert Borden. Letters to Limbo. Toronto: Macmillan Press, 1971. 258.
6. P.B. Waite. The Loner: Three Sketches in the Personal Life and Ideas of R.B. Bennett, 1870–1947. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992. 104.
7. Blair Neatby. The Politics of Chaos: Canada in the Thirties. Toronto: Macmillan, 1972.
8. Michael Bliss. Right Honourable Men: The Descent of Canadian Politics from Macdonald to Chrétien. Toronto: HarperCollins, 2004. 108.
9. Ibid., 110, 113.
10. Gordon Donaldson. The Prime Ministers of Canada. Toronto: Doubleday. 1994. 132.
11. James Struthers. “Canadian Unemployment Policy in the 1930s,” in Readings in Canadian History: Volume Two. R. Douglas Francis and Donald B. Smith, eds. Toronto: Nelson, 2002. 334.
12. Bennett, Jaenen, and Skeoch Brune. Canada: A North American Nation. Toronto: McGraw Hill Ryerson, 1987. 558.
13. Jim Christopher. The North Americans. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1988. 439.
14. Thomas Walkom. “Stephen Harper, meet R.B. Bennett.” Toronto Star. October 18, 2008.
CHAPTER ONE: THE EARLY YEARS, 1870 –1910
1. P.B. Waite. “Bennett, Richard Bedford.” Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. (John English, General Editor) Toronto: University of Toronto, 2000.
2. James Gray. R.B. Bennett: The Calgary Years. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991. 8.
3. It should be noted that Sir John A. Macdonald had formed and named the Liberal-Conservative Party. To a modern ear it sounds like something of an oxymoron. From its inception, most people called it the Tory or Conservative Party. For the sake of simplicity, this book will employ the common vernacular and refer to it as the Conservative Party.
4. Interview with Mrs. Robinson. Bennett Papers. nac. Reel 443.
5. Beaverbrook, Lord. Friends: Sixty Years of Intimate Personal Relations with Richard Bedford Bennett. London: Heinemann, 1959. 9.
6. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, A Biography, 27.
7. Beaverbrook, Friends, 9.
8. Bob Plamondon. Blue Thunder: The Truth About Conservatives From Macdonald to Harper. Toronto: Key Porter Books, 2009, 149.
9. Waite, “Bennett, Richard Bedford.”
10. Beaverbrook, Friends, 25.
11. Ibid., 6.
12. Ibid., 13.
13. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, A Biography, 31.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., 32.
16. Gray, R.B. Bennett: The Calgary Years, 31.
17. Calgary Herald. January 12, 1939. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3144.
18. Beaverbrook, Friends, 5.
19. Andrew MacLean. R.B. Bennett: Prime Minister of Canada, Toronto: Excelsior Publishing Company Limited, 1935. 76.
20. MacLean, R.B. Bennett: Prime Minister of Canada, 36.
21. Gordon, R.B. Bennett, M.L.A., 1897–1905, 8.
22. Calgary Herald. April 6, 1899. Cited in Gray. R.B. Bennett: The Calgary Years, 52.
23. Regina Leader. April 6, 1899. Cited in Gordon. R.B. Bennett, M.L.A., 26.
24. Calgary Herald. April 7, 1899. Cited in Gordon. R.B. Bennett, M.L.A., 26.
25. Gray, R.B. Bennett: The Calgary Years, 53.
26. Calgary Herald. July 7, 1902. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 545.
27. Robert Borden. Robert Laird Borden: His Memoirs. Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada Ltd., 1938. 9.
28. Bennett to Ives. February 11, 1903. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3141.
29. Bennett to Maclean. March 2, 1903. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3141.
30. Bennett to Macdonnell. March 10, 1903. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3141.
31. Borden. Robert Laird Borden, 90.
32. Bennett to Sanford Evans. May 1, 1903. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3141.
33. Bennett to Borden. May 4 and June 22, 1903. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3141.
34. Bennett to McCarthy. February 24, 1905. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3141.
35. Bennett to Borden. August 27, 1904. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3141.
36. Bennett to Roblin. October 7, 1905. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3141.
37. Bennett to Borden. November 15, 1905. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3141.
38. Bruce Hutchison. Mr. Prime Minister, 1867–1964. Toronto: Longmans, 1964. 245.
39. Bennett to Bohmer. June 5, 1903. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3141.
40. Bennett to Rev. W.E. Dunham. June 22, 1903. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3141.
41. Bennett to Rev. Thomas Powell. December 18, 1903. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3141.
42. Beaverbrook, Friends, 24.
43. Watkins. R.B. Bennett, 78.
44. A.J.P. Taylor. Beaverbrook. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1972. 36.
45. David Adams Richards. Lord Beaverbrook. Toronto: Penguin Books, 2008. 88.
46. Richards, Lord Beaverbrook, 27.
47. Ibid., 77.
48. Ibid., 78.
49. Ibid., 46.
50. Ibid., 65.
51. Edmonton Journal. March 3, 1910. Cited in Gray. R.B. Bennett: The Calgary Years, 102.
52. Quoted in Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 65.
53. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 71.
54. Gray, R.B. Bennett: The Calgary Years, 115.
55. Joseph Schull. Laurier: The First Canadian. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1965. 530.
56. Ibid.
57. Beaverbrook, Friends, 23.
58. Ibid., 24.
59. Bennett to Aitken. November 13, 1910. Quoted in Beaverbrook, Friends, 30–31.
60. Aitken to Bennett. February 16, 1911. Bennett Papers, NAC. Reel 3142.
61. Eye Opener. August 12, 1911. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3141.
CHAPTER TWO: PUBLIC FIGURE, PRIVATE MAN, 1911–1925
1. Bennett to Aiken. November 18, 1911. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3142.
2. Hansard. Ottawa: Debates in the House of Commons. November 20, 1911.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Beaverbrook, Friends. 33.
6. Hansard, June 2, 1913.
7. Ibid.
8. Roger Graham. Arthur Meighen: A Biography. Volume I. Toronto: Clarke Irwin, 1960. 80.
9. Ibid., 97.
10. Hansard, May 15, 1914.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Mackenzie King diary. May 14, 1914. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
16. Hansard, February 16, 1914.
17. Hansard, February 11, 1914.
18. Beaverbrook, Friends, 35.
19. Tim Cook. Shock Troops: Canadians Fighting the Great War, 1917-1918. Volume Two. Toronto: Penguin Books, 2008. 3-4.
20. Waite, “Bennett, Richard Bedford.”
21. Richard Gwyn. The Northern Magus: Pierre Trudeau and Canadians. Markham: Paper Jacks. 1981. 30.
22. Bennett to Aitken. June 8, 1917. Beaverbrook Papers. NAC. Reel 1759.
23. Gray, R.B. Bennett: The Calgary Years, 96.
24. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1273.
25. Borden, Robert Laird Borden, 611.
26. Robert Craig Brown. Robert Laird Borden: A Biography, Volume I, 1854 -1914. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1975. 62.
27. Bennett Papers. NAC. mg 26 k Vol. 1.
28. Ibid.
29. Borden, Robert Laird Borden, 627.
30. Ibid., 697–98.
31. Ibid., 713.
32. Bennett to Borden. April 17, 1918. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3174.
33. Beaverbrook, Friends, 38–39.
34. Ibid. 39.
35. Bennett to Borden. April 17, 1918. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3174.
36. Graham, Arthur Meighen, Volume I. 80.
37. Borden to Bennett. January 1, 1917. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3174.
38. Beaverbrook, Friends, 38.
39. Bennett to Borden. April 17, 1918. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3174.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid.
42. Beaverbrook, Friends, 40.
43. Waite, “Bennett, Richard Bedford.”
44. Mackenzie King diary. August 28, 1907. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca./EN/PageView.asp)
45. Mackenzie King diary. July 8, 1920. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca./EN/PageView.asp)
46. Bennett to Meighen. May 23, 1921. Meighen Papers. NAC. Reel 3220.
47. Beaverbrook, Friends, 43.
48. Bennett to Aitken. March 13, 1922. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3174.
49. Halifax Morning Chronicle. October 10, 1921. Cited in R. MacGregor Dawson, William Lyon Mackenzie King: A Political Biography 1874–1923. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1958. 351.
50. Beaverbrook, Friends, 43.
51. Ibid.
52. www.albertasource.ca/lawcases/civil/bennettlougheed/bennettlougheed.htm June 22, 2007.
53. Ibid.
54. Ibid.
55. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 102.
56. Meighen to Bennett. June 8, 1925. Meighen Papers. NAC. Reel 3463.
57. Bennett to Meighen. June 10, 1925. Meighen Papers. NAC. Reel 3463.
CHAPTER THREE: ON TO LEADERSHIP, 1925 –1927
1. Bennett to Alexander. December 23, 1922. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3174.
2. For a discussion of this tendency see J. Brodie and J. Jenson, “Piercing the Smokescreen: Brokerage Parties and Class Politics,” Alain-G. Gagnon and A. Brian Tanguay, eds. Canadian Parties in Transition: Discourse, Organization and Representation. Scarborough: Nelson, 1989. 24–44.
3. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 78.
4. Hansard, February 15, 1926.
5. Ibid., March 11, 1926.
6. Hansard, March 26, 1926.
7. Ibid.
8. Montreal Evening Standard. October 7, 1926. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3174.
9. Graham, Arthur Meighen: A Biography, 432.
10. Gray, R.B. Bennett: The Calgary Years, 264.
11. Ibid., 261.
12. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 124.
13. Bruce Hutchison. The Incredible Canadian: A Candid Portrait of Mackenzie King: His Works, His Times, and His Nation. Toronto: Longmans, Green, 1953. 116–17.
14. Hansard, February 18, 1927.
15. Borden’s remarks. Minutes of the Winnipeg Convention. October 10, 1927. 23. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 909.
16. Ibid., 26.
17. Graham, Arthur Meighen, 498.
18. Stevens Papers. NAC. Vol. 162 a.
19. Bennett to Aitken. November 10, 1927. Cited in Lord Beaverbrook. Friends, 49.
20. Stevens Papers. NAC. Vol. 162 a.
21. Tilley remarks. Minutes of the Winnipeg Convention. October 11, 1927. 192. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 909.
22. Bennett speech. Minutes of the Winnipeg Convention. October 11, 1927. 197. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 909.
23. John R. MacNicol. The National Liberal-Conservative Convention. Toronto: Southam, 1930. 55.
24. Bennett speech. Minutes of the Winnipeg Convention, October 11, 1927. 267. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 909.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Beaverbrook, Friends, 49.
28. Globe. October 12, 1927. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 909.
29. Saturday Night. October 22, 1927. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 909.
30. Cited in Watkins, 126.
31. Leo Zakuta. A Protest Movement Becalmed: A Study of Change in the CCF. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1964. 237.
32. See Janine Brodie and Jan Jenson, “Piercing the Smokescreen: Brokerage Parties and Class Politics,” in Canadian Parties in Transition: Discourse, Organization and Representation, Alain-G. Gagnon and A. Brian Tanguay, eds. Scarborough: Nelson, 1989. 24–44.
33. Conrad Winn and John McMenemy. Political Parties in Canada. Toronto: McGraw Hill Ryerson, 1976. 2.
34. See J.L. Granatstein, The Politics of Survival: The Conservative Party of Canada, 1939–1945. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1967, and John English, The Decline of Politics: the Conservatives and the Party System. 1901–1920, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993.
35. See Gad Horowitz, Canadian Labour in Politics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1968. Chapter 1.
36. R.B. Bennett. Canadian Problems as Seen by Twenty Outstanding Canadian Men. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1933. 30.
37. Larry Glassford. Reaction and Reform: The Politics of the Conservative Party Under R.B. Bennett 1927–1938. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992. 25.
38. Ibid.
39. Minutes of the Winnipeg Convention. October 9, 1927. 131. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 909.
40. See John Boyko, Last Steps to Freedom: The Evolution of Canadian Racism. Winnipeg: Gordon Shillingford, 1998. Chapter 2.
41. Minutes of the Winnipeg Convention. 142. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 909.
42. Borden’s speech. Winnipeg Conservative Convention Minutes. October 10, 1927. 23. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 909.
43. Ottawa Journal. January 25, 1928. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 909.
CHAPTER FOUR: OPPOSITION TO PRIME MINISTER, 1927–1930
1. Belanger to Bennett. October 15, 1927. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 921.
2. Bennett to Willis. April 10, 1928. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 18.
3. McRae to Bennett. December 20, 1929. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 18.
4. Guthrie speech to Conservative Business Men’s Club. January 6, 1927. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 18.
5. Cahan to Beaubien. December 7, 1926. Bennett Papers, NAC. Reel 18.
6. Bennett to Dion. May 28, 1927. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 242.
7. Bennett to Favreau. February 4, 1928. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 18.
8. Bennett to Blondin. June 16, 1928. Bennett Papers, NAC. Reel 18.
9. Hogarth to Bennett. April 7, 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3176.
10. Bennett to Tolmie. August 29, 1929. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 16.
11. Ibid.
12. McRae to Bennett. February 12, 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 242.
13. McRae to Ryckman. May 30, 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 242.
14. Ibid.
15. Election in Sight. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 242.
16. Lavine, Allan. Scrum Wars: The Prime Ministers and the Media. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1996. 158.
17. Ibid., 159.
18. Waite, “Bennett, Richard Bedford.”
19. Report from the director of publicity of the Conservative Federal Headquarters — Organization: The Press, 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 18.
20. Ibid., 151.
21. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 11607.
22. See John Boyko, Last Steps to Freedom: The Evolution of Canadian Racism. Winnipeg: Gordon Shillingford Publishing. 1998. Chapter 3.
23. Bennett to MacMillan. May 14, 1928. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 14.
24. Waite, “Bennett, Richard Bedford.”
25. Alan Greenspan. The Age of Turbulence: Adventures in a New World. New York: Penguin, 2007. 466.
26. L M. Grayson, and Michael Bliss. The Wretched of Canada: Letters to R.B. Bennett, 1930–1935. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1971. vii.
27. www.canadianeconomy.gc.ca, July 14, 2008.
28. “Must Recession Follow.” Journal of Canadian Bankers Association 37. (January 1930): 125–26. Cited in Horn, The Dirty Thirties, 32–33.
29. Edward Beatty, “Transportation Earnings Must Suffer Temporarily But Extensions Continue.” Toronto Globe. January 3, 1930. Cited in Horn, The Dirty Thirties, 34–36.
30. Mackenzie King diary. October 29–31, 1929. (http//king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
31. Plamondon. Blue Thunder, 461.
32. Hansard, February 24, 1930.
33. Blair Neatby. William Lyon Mackenzie King, 1924-1932: The Lonely Heights. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1963. 310-11.
34. Hutchison. Incredible Canadian, 161.
35. Mackenzie King diary. March 29, 1930. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
36. Ibid., April 5, 1930. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
37. Hansard, April 6, 1930.
38. Mackenzie King diary. April 6, 1930. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
39. Hansard, April 3, 1930.
40. Hansard, May 6, 1930.
41. Ibid.
42. Neatby, The Lonely Heights, 327.
43. McRae to Ryckman. May 30, 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 242.
44. Borden to Beaverbrook. July 2, 1930. Cited in Beaverbrook, Friends, 56.
45. Norman Ward (ed). A Party Politician: The Memoirs of Chubby Power. Toronto: Macmillan, 1966. 265.
46. Waite, “Bennett, Richard Bedford.”
47. Bennett stump speech (untitled and undated). 8. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 946.
48. Ibid., 11.
49. Ibid., 15.
50. Bennett to Drummond (undated). Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 946.
51. Taylor, Beaverbrook, 59.
52. Ibid., 295.
53. Lipset to candidates and senators. July 9, 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 921.
54. Bennett stump speech (untitled and undated). 22–23. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 946.
55. Ibid.
56. Blair Neatby. The Politics of Chaos: Canada in the Thirties. Toronto: Macmillan, 1972. 55.
57. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 134.
58. MacLean, R.B. Bennett, 108.
59. Hansard, September 9, 1930.
60. Brian Mulroney. Memoirs 1939–1993. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 2007. 317.
61. Plamondon, Blue Thunder, 349.
62. Mackenzie King diary. June 16, 1933. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
63. Stevens Papers. Vol. 163. 1955 interview.
64. Manion Papers. Vol. 105. Diaries, 1914–1942. July 1, 1932.
65. Hansard, July 29, 1931.
66. R.J. Manion. Life is an Adventure. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1936. 308.
67. Martin, Paul. Hell or High Water: My Life In and Out of Politics. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 2008. 236.
68. “Backstage at Ottawa.” Maclean’s 45. April 15, 1933. Cited in Glassford. Reaction and Reform, 100.
69. Roger Graham. Arthur Meighen: No Surrender. Volume III. Toronto: Clarke Irwin, 1965. 25.
70. Gratton O’Leary. “Conservatism’s New Prophet,” Maclean’s XL, November 15, 1927. 46.
71. Cited in Glassford, Reaction and Reform, 109.
72. Toronto Star. May 14, 2008.
73. Plamondon, Blue Thunder, 349.
74. Barrette to Bennett. May 19, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1115.
75. Pearson, Lester. Mike: The Memoires of the Rt. Hon. Lester B. Pearson, Vol I. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1972. 71–72.
76. Ibid. 73.
CHAPTER FIVE: BLASTING HIS WAY, 1930 –1935
1. Fidel Castro. My Life. New York: Allen Lane, 2007. 248.
2. All the statistics in this analysis are from the Rowell-Sirois Report, the Price Spreads Commission Report, Statistics Canada Web site www.statcan.ca, and James Gray, Men Against the Desert. Saskatoon: Modern Press, 1967.
3. Barry Broadfoot. Ten Lost Years: Memories of Canadians Who Survived the Depression. Don Mills: Paper Jacks, 1973. 40.
4. Kingston to Bennett. July 31, 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3143.
5. Niccolò Machiavelli. The Prince, and Other Writings. New York: Barnes and Noble, 2004. 25.
6. Hansard, September 12, 1930.
7. Gregory A. Johnson, and David A. Lenarcic, “The Decade of Transition: The North Atlantic Triangle During the 1920s,” in The North Atlantic Triangle in a Changing World: Anglo-American-Canadian Relations, 1902–1956, McKercher and Aronsen (eds). Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996. 83.
8. Maclean’s. August 1, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3153.
9. MacLean, R.B. Bennett, 86.
10. Ottawa Citizen. September 10, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3153.
11. Bennett to Borden. October 7, 1931, Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3174.
12. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 149.
13. Waite, “Bennett, Richard Bedford.”
14. Broadcast message. October 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1401.
15. Cahan to Gauthier. April 9, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1341.
16. Risser to Bennett. March 11, 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3143.
17. Phelps to Bennett. March 17, 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3143.
18. Bennett to A.E. Smith. June 11, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3143.
19. Johnston to Bennett. June 10, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1323.
20. Bronson to Bennett. June 21, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1320.
21. McWilliams to Bennett. June 21, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1320.
22. Arch Dale. Five Years of R.B. Bennett. Winnipeg: Winnipeg Free Press, 1935. 3.
23. Ibid., 5.
24. Hansard, January 30, 1931.
25. Ottawa Citizen. May 14, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3153.
26. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3174.
27. Glassford, Reaction and Reform, 118.
28. Michael Bordo, Angela Redish, and Ronald Shearer. Canada’s Monetary System in Historical Perspective: Two Faces of the Exchange Rate Regime. Vancouver: University of Vancouver Press, 1999. 2.
29. Press Clippings Scrapbook 81. Manion Papers. NAC. Vol. 96.
30. http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/maclabour/article.php?id=550
31. Ibid.
32. Dale, Five Years of R.B. Bennett, 21.
33. http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/maclabour/article.php?id=550
34. Ibid.
35. Mackenzie King diary. September 22, 1932. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
36. Mackenzie King diary. March 14, 1933. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
37. Mackenzie King diary. April, 5, 1930. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
38. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 149.
39. Bennett to Aitken. November 13, 1910. Beaverbrook Papers. NAC. Reel 1759.
40. Beaverbrook, Friends, 29.
41. Bennett press conference. December 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1040.
42. Ibid., 54.
43. Sir Grahame Keith Fieling. The Life of Neville Chamberlain. London: MacMillan, 1946. 205.
44. American Branch Factories in Canada 5. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1172.
45. Ibid., 19.
46. Stevens Papers. 1955 interview. NAC. Vol. 167.
47. Ibid.
48. Pearson, Mike, 74.
49. Fieling. The Life of Neville Chamberlain, 179.
50. Bennett to Price. August 24, 1932, Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3173.
51. St. Thomas Times-Journal editorial. August 24, 1932, Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3173.
52. Anderson to Bennett. August 23, 1932, Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3173.
53. Mackenzie King diary. July 19, 1932. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
54. Fieling. The Life of Neville Chamberlain, 181.
55. Ian Drummond. Imperial Economic Policy, 1917-1939: Studies in Expansion and Protection. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974. 30-31.
56. Beaverbrook, Friends, 76.
57. Drummond, Imperial Economic Policy, 234.
58. See as examples Michael Bliss, Right Honourable Men. Toronto: Doubleday Collins, 1994. 114, and J.L. Granatstein and Norman Hillmer. Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada’s Leaders. Toronto: HarperCollins, 1999. 109.
59. Drummond, Imperial Economic Policy, 286.
60. Harold Innis. The Fur Trade in Canada: An Introduction to Canadian Economic History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1930. 445.
61. Trade and Commerce Report. December 1934. 24. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1401.
62. Drummond, Imperial Economic Policy, 287.
63. William L. Marr and Donald G. Paterson. Canada: An Economic History. Toronto: Macmillan, 1980. 388.
64. Stevens Papers. Tenth interview. NAC. Reel 1195.
65. Ibid.
66. Report of the Royal Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations, Book 1, Canada: 1867–1939. Ottawa: King’s Printer, 1940. 144.
67. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1401.
68. Bennett to J. C. Moore. December 27, 1933. Bennett Papers. NAC. 1401.
69. Mackenzie King diary. August 26, 1932. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
70. Bennett to Colville. May 21, 1932. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1401.
71. Manion. Life is an Adventure, 213.
72. Bennett speech. October 9, 1934. 1. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1401.
73. Bennett speech to Toronto St. George’s Society. April 13, 1934. 1–3. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1401.
74. Ibid.
75. Bennett speech. October 14, 1934. 10–11. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1401.
76. Drummond, Imperial Economic Policy, 234.
77. King to Bennett. August 13, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3143.
78. Cited in Glassford, Reaction and Reform, 117.
79. Evening Independent. St. Petersburg, Florida, April 27, 1932. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3143.
80. Herridge to Bennett. April 7, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1025.
81. Bennett to Hull. November 14, 1933. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1025.
82. Pearson, Mike, 68–69.
83. Bennett speech to Canadian Society of New York. February 16, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1400.
84. Mackenzie King diary. June 4, 1935. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
85. Herridge to Bennett (undated). Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1024.
86. Bennett to Herridge (undated). Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1024.
CHAPTER SIX: CREATING CANADIAN ICONS, 1931–1935
1. Hansard, February 24, 1930.
2. Memorandum Concerning the Canadian Radio Industry. December 17, 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1289.
3. Montgomery Wright, “Radio Becomes a Primary Link Between Government and the People.” RCA News. New York: Corporation of America, 1931. 1. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1289.
4. Robertson to Bennett. January 7, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1289.
5. Tummon to Bennett. January 17, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1289.
6. Weese to Bennett. January 17, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1289.
7. Ewart Greig (ed.). Radio Broadcasting Under Private Ownership. Toronto: Canadian Association of Broadcasters, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1289.
8. Bennett to Spry. February 11, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1289.
9. Bennett to Duranleau. February 11, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1289.
10. Hansard, July 7, 1931.
11. Hansard, February 14, 1932.
12. Meighen to Bennett. August 5, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 350.
13. Ashcroft to Bennett. December 21, 1931. Bennett Papers NAC. Reel 1289.
14. Second and Final Report of the Parliamentary Committee on Radio Broadcasting. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1289.
15. Hansard, May 9, 1932.
16. Ibid.
17. National Radio in Canada, Report from Gladstone Murray. June 3, 1933. 7. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1293.
18. Bennett speech. December 1, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1293.
19. Innis, The Fur Trade, 262.
20. Mackenzie King diary. January 23, 1923. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
21. Mackenzie King diary. January 23, 1930. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
22. Ibid.
23. Mackenzie King diary. April 18, 1930.
24. Hansard. Ottawa: House of Commons Debates. July 30, 1931.
25. Bennett stump speech (untitled and undated). 6. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 946.
26. Fleming to Bennett. January 20, 1928. Bennett Papers, NAC. Reel 946.
27. Bennett to Logan. April 20, 1928. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 946.
28. Herridge to Bennett. April 8, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1467.
29. Hansard, May 12, 1932.
30. Herridge to Bennett. July 8, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1467.
31. Bennett to Taschereau. July 11, 1932. Bennett Papers. NAC. 1467.
32. Mackenzie King diary. July 16, 1932. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
33. John T. Wooley and Gerhard Peters, The American Presidency Project (online). Santa Barbara: University of California, 1999.
34. Herridge to Bennett. March 17, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1023.
35. Bennett speech to the annual meeting of the Board of Trade of the city of Toronto. January 23, 1933. 8. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1400.
36. Duncan McDowall. Quick to the Frontier: Canada’s Royal Bank. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1993. 245.
37. Michael Bordo et al., Canada’s Monetary System, 21.
38. Greenspan, The Age of Turbulence, 111.
39. Nobel to Bennett. March 17, 1932. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1104.
40. Montreal Gazette. October 31, 1932. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 962.
41. Jean Edwards Smith. FDR. New York: Random House, 2008. 340.
42. Charles Poor Kindleberger. The World In Depression 1929–1939. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986. 216.
43. Bennett to Turnbull. August 2, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 962.
44. Bennett to Howard. August 2, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 962.
45. Bennett to Marsh. August 6, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 962.
46. White to Bennett. November 3, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 962.
47. Bennett to W.M. Smith and Southam. May 9, 1934. Bennett Papers, NAC. Reel 1040.
48. Regina Manifesto. The First CCF National Convention: July 19–23, 1933. Regina, Saskatchewan. 3. http://www.saskndp.com/assets/File/history/manifest.pdf
49. Mackenzie King diary. September 27, 1933. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
50. Bennett to Logan. November 23, 1933. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 962.
51. Bennett speech at South Oxford. April 12, 1934. 3. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1401.
52. Leman to Bennett. June 7, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 963.
53. Hansard, June 27, 1934.
54. Meagher to Bennett. June 28, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 962.
55. The Premier Speaks to the People. The Fourth Address. January 9, 1935. Cited in The Bennett New Deal: Fraud or Portent?, J.R.H. Wilbur (ed.). Toronto: Copp Clark, 1968. 88.
56. Gordon to Rhodes. March 11, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 963.
57. Gordon to Towers. March 8, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 963.
58. Dawson to Rhodes. March 11, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 963.
59. Waite, “Bennett, Richard Bedford.”
60. Logan to Bennett. July 10, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 963.
61. Bennett to Logan. July 15, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 963.
62. George Watts. The Bank of Canada: Origins and Early History. Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1993. 8.
63. Charles Calomiris, “Financial Factors in the Great Depression.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 17:2 (Spring 1993): 62.
CHAPTER SEVEN: STRENGTH TO STUBBORNNESS: ON TO OTTAWA TREK AND HARRY STEVENS, 1934 –1935
1. Robertson to Bennett. June 19, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1433.
2. Liversedge, On To Ottawa Trek, viii.
3. McNaughton to Finlayson. June 22, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1457.
4. Hansard, March 15, 1934.
5. Bill Waiser. All Hell Can’t Stop Us: The On-to-Ottawa Trek and Regina Riot. Toronto: Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited, 2003. 36.
6. Bennett to Pattullo. March 2, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 395.
7. Lorne Brown. When Freedom Was Lost: The Unemployed, the Agitator and the State. Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1987. 50.
8. Bennett speech at South Oxford. April 12, 1934. 2–3. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1401.
9. Bennett to Cotnam. May 14, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1497.
10. Liversedge, On To Ottawa Trek, 56.
11. Ibid., 57.
12. Hansard, June 24, 1935.
13. Bennett to Gardiner. June 27, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1090.
14. Ibid., February 1, 1931.
15. Hansard. Ottawa: House of Commons Debates. July 29, 1931.
16. Ibid., November 11, 1932.
17. Norman Penner. Canadian Communism: The Stalin Years. Toronto: Methuen, 1988. 188–89.
18. Ivan Avakumovic. Socialism in Canada. A Study of the CCF-NDP in Federal and Provincial Politics. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1978. 286.
19. John Manley, “‘Audacity, audacity, still more audacity’: Tim Buck, the Party, and the People, 1932–1939,” Labour/Le Travail 49. (Spring 2002). 11.
20. Cited in Morris Wolf. Tim Buck Too. Canadian Forum. December 1991.
21. Christmas card from Angus Murray to Bennett. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 991.
22. Christ, Jesus [pseudonym] to Bennett. Undated. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 991.
23. Resolution of the National Unemployed Workers Association. October 4, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1090.
24. Protest Resolution from the Workers Protective Association of Princeton B.C. to Bennett. April 19, 1935. Bennett Papers, NAC. Reel 1090.
25. Anderson to Bennett. April 20, 1935 Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1090.
26. Resolution from E.E. Van Horne to Bennett. November 17, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1090.
27. Bennett to Drury. August 21, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1090.
28. Perley to Pattullo. March 26, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1497.
29. Bennett to McGeer. May 20, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1497.
30. McGeer to Bennett. May 21, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1497.
31. Ronald Liversedge. Recollections of the On To Ottawa Trek. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1973. 83.
32. Mackenzie to Gordon. June 11, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1090.
33. Commanding General Military District 13 to Adjutant General in Ottawa. June 9, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1090.
34. Hansard, June 7, 1935.
35. Gardiner to Bennett. June 12, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1090.
36. Hansard, June 13, 1935.
37. Manion to Bennett. June 17, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1090.
38. Report of the Regina Riot Inquiry Commission, Vol II. Ottawa: King’s Printer, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1497.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid.
43. Hansard, June 24, 1935.
44. Hansard, July 2, 1935.
45. Mackenzie King diary. July 1, 1935. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
46. Macdonald Commission Report. 11. May 23, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1497.
47. Ibid. 16.
48. Ernest Lapointe to Bennett. November 22, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1497.
49. Proceedings of the Regina Riot Vol. VIII. Ottawa: King’s Printer, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1497.
50. George Radwanski, Trudeau. Toronto: MacMillan, 1978. 326.
51. Watkins. R.B. Bennett, 226.
52. Arch Dale. Five Years of R.B. Bennett, Winnipeg: Winnipeg Free Press, 1935. 73.
53. Regina Daily Star. July 10, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1497.
54. Hansard, July 2, 1935.
55. Stevens Papers. NAC. Vol. 58.
56. Bennett to Stevens. October 26, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Vol 101.
57. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 201.
58. Ibid. 202.
59. Ibid. 202–3.
60. Hansard, January 21 1935.
61. R.B. Bennett et. al. Canadian Problems as Seen By Twenty Outstanding Men of Canada. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1933. 11–31.
62. Bennett to Haig. August 13, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 100.
63. Bennett to Stevens. October 26, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1097.
64. Glassford. Reaction and Reform, 380.
65. Ibid.
66. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 213.
67. Ibid.
68. Cook to Stevens. March 15, 1935. Stevens Papers. NAC. Vol. 125.
69. Hansard, June 19, 1935.
70. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 224.
71. Jean Chrétien. My Years as Prime Minister. Toronto: Knopf, 2007. 259.
72. Pierre Trudeau. Memoirs. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1993. 194.
73. Andrew MacLean. R.B. Bennett. Toronto: Excelsior, 1935. 109.
74. Wallace Clement. The Canadian Corporate Elite. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1975. Intro.
CHAPTER EIGHT: A NEW DEAL AND A NEW GOVERNMENT, 1934 –1935
1. Herridge to Bennett. April 12, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1025.
2. Ibid.
3. Herridge to Bennett. July 18, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1025.
4. Bennett to Finlayson. May 2, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1025.
5. Bennett speech. October 14, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. 1401.
6. Cited in John R. Wilbur. H.H. Stevens, 1878–1973. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977. 149.
7. The Premier Speaks to the People. The First Address. January 2, 1935. Cited in J.R.H. Wilbur (ed.), The Bennett New Deal: Fraud or Portent? Toronto: Copp Clark, 1968. 80.
8. Ibid. 81.
9. Bennett to Leacock. January 6, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1401.
10. Montreal Gazette. January 4, 1935.
11. Bennett to Huestis. January 4, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1401.
12. Bennett to B.B. Graham. January 8, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1401.
13. Mackenzie King diary. January 2, 1935. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
14. Ibid. January 3, 1935.
15. Ibid. The Second Address. January 4, 1935. Cited in J.R.H. Wilbur. 84.
16. Ibid.
17. The Premier Speaks to the People. The Third Address. January 7, 1935. Cited in J.R.H. Wilbur. (ed.). 86–87.
18. Ibid. The Fourth Address. January 11, 1935. Cited in J.R.H. Wilbur. 88.
19. Ibid., 89.
20. The Premier Speaks to the People. The Fifth Address. January 11, 1935. cited in J.R.H. Wilbur (ed.). 90.
21. Ibid. Bennett Papers 2. NAC. Reel 1402.
22. Ibid.
23. Denis Smith. Rogue Tory. Toronto: Macfarlane, Walter and Ross, 1995. 79.
24. John R. Wilbur. H.H. Stevens, 1878–1973. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977. 151.
25. Ernest Watkins. R.B. Bennett: A Biography. Toronto: Kingswood House, 1963. 220.
26. Hansard. January 21, 1935.
27. Winnipeg Free Press. January 30, 1935. Cited in J.R.H. Wilbur. 102.
28. Montréal Gazette. January 30, 1935. Cited in J.R.H. Wilbur. 104.
29. Donald W. Buchan. Saturday Night. January 12, 1935. Cited in J.R.H. Wilbur. 105.
30. Seymour Lipset. Agrarian Socialism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1950. 138.
31. Ballantyne to Bennett. January 8, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1402.
32. Herridge to Bennett. January 18, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1995.
33. Mackenzie King diary. January 15, 1935. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
34. Hansard. January 29, 1935.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. R.J. Manion to James Manion. March 22, 1935. Manion Papers. Vol. 18.
39. Finlayson to Perley. March 22, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1096.
40. Mackenzie King diary. January 30, 1935. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
41. Watkins. R.B. Bennett, 221.
42. Hutchison. Calgary Herald. September 19, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3144.
43. Ibid. 137.
44. Pearson. Mike. 73.
45. Watkins. R.B. Bennett, 222.
46. Ibid., 223.
47. Ibid.
48. Bennett to Richmond. July 16, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1041.
49. Manion to Price. June 6, 1935. Manion Papers. NAC. Vol. 98.
50. Bennett to party chief and chief whip. January 6, 1931. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3177.
51. Bennett to McAuley. June 7, 1930. March 11, 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3143.
52. Code to Bennett. August 23, 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1113.
53. Bennett to Reid. August 23, 1938. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1478.
54. Pitfield to Bennett. October 9, 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3177.
55. Morrow to Bennett. March 1, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3143.
56. Hutchison, Incredible Canadian, 193.
57. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1401.
58. Liberal-Conservative campaign poster—1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3144.
59. Hutchison, Incredible Canadian, 198.
60. Calgary Herald. September 16, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3144.
61. Ibid.
62. Ibid.
63. Calgary Herald, September 16, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3144.
64. Ibid.
65. Ibid.
66. Ibid.
67. Calgary Herald. September 20, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3144.
68. Cited in Glassford, Reaction and Reform, 181.
69. Mackenzie King diary. June 16, 1935. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
70. Toronto Globe. April 11, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3175.
71. Border Cities Star. April 12, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3175.
72. Ottawa Citizen. September 18, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3175.
73. Cited in Sandy Stewart. From Coast to Coast: A Personal History of Radio in Canada. Toronto: CBC Enterprises, 1985. 26.
74. Ibid.
75. Price to Bennett. October 15, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3173.
76. Memo to Miss Millar. Undated. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 416.
77. K.Z. Paltiel. Political Party Financing in Canada. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1970. 30.
78. Waite, “Bennett, Richard Bedford.”
79. Bennett to Skelton. October 14, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1402.
80. Bennett to Skelton. October 20, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1402.
81. Hansard. February 11, 1936.
82. Bruce Hutchison. Incredible Canadian: A Candid Portrait of Mackenzie King: His Works, His Times, and His Nation. Toronto: Longmans, Green and Company, 1953. 200.
83. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 227.
84. Ibid., 228.
85. Glassford, Reaction and Reform, 199.
86. Bennett to Ross. April 1, 1938. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1401.
87. Bennett to Clarke. November 12, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1401.
88. Bennett to McLure. May 7, 1938. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3143.
89. Bennett to Borden. October 31, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3174.
CHAPTER NINE: THE FINAL YEARS, 1935 –1947
1. Bennett to Challies. June 13, 1936. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 145.
2. Ibid.
3. Lawson to Bennett. December 23, 1937. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 416.
4. Bennett to Irish. September 27, 1937. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 416.
5. Heighington to Bennett. February 24, 1938. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3143.
6. Bennett to Heighington. April 4, 1938. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3143.
7. Waite, “Bennett, Richard Bedford.”
8. Hansard, January 29, 1935.
9. Finlayson to Bennett. January 25, 1936. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3144.
10. Bennett to Robinson. February 13, 1937. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1498.
11. McGill Law Review, 47:566.
12. Ibid., 47:571.
13. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 217.
14. Canada Act, Section 91 (http://www.gov.ns.ca/legislative.legc/canada82.htm)
15. See Bora Laskin. “Peace, Order and Good Government Re-Examined,” in The Courts and the Canadian Constitution. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1964. 66–104.
16. Bennett to Moore. December 17, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3177.
17. Frank Underhill. In Search of Canadian Liberalism. Toronto: Toronto University Press, 1960. 126. See also Eric Adams. “Canada’s Newer Constitutional Law and the Idea of Constitutional Rights,” in McGill Law Journal 51. 2006.
18. Calgary Herald. April 16, 1937. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3144.
19. Bennett to Ross. March 29, 1937. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3182.
20. Bennett to McCort. April 26, 1937. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3182.
21. Bennett to Davies. August 12, 1937. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3182.
22. Bennett to Streight. February 8, 1938. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1477.
23. Bennett to Keyes. March 12, 1938. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3182.
24. M. Gratton O’Leary. “Who Will Succeed Bennett?” Maclean’s. May 1, 1938. 10.
25. Convention proceedings 154. Bennett Papers, NAC. Reel 1401.
26. John Diefenbaker. One Canada: Memoirs of the Right Honourable John G. Diefenbaker, Years of Achievement 1956–1962. Scarborough: Signet Books, 1976. 23.
27. Meighen to Bennett. July 12, 1938. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1496.
28. Bennett to MacPherson. August 29, 1938. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3143.
29. Bennett to Turner. March 9, 1936. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3144.
30. Bennett to Cox. March 9, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3144.
31. Bruce Hutchison. Calgary Herald, September 19, 1935. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3144.
32. Innis to Bennett. April 16, 1938. Reel 3145.
33. Hansard, July 1, 1938.
34. Blair Neatby. William Lyon Mackenzie King, 1932-1939: The Prism of Unity. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1976. 282.
35. Hutchison, Incredible Canadian, 226.
36. Bennett speech. Cited in The Family of Nations. New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Division of Intercourse and Education, 1935. 13. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1400.
37. Bennett speech at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. June 16, 1934. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel. 1401.
38. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 236.
39. Ibid., 231.
40. Beaverbrook, Friends, 89–90.
41. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 237.
42. Calgary Herald. January 12, 1939. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3144.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid.
45. Calgary Herald. January 14, 1939. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3144.
46. Meighen speech at Bennett dinner. Toronto, January 16 1939. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3176.
47. Hansard, January 16, 1935.
48. Nash to Bennett. January 9, 1939. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3153.
49. Dennie to Bennett. November 25, 1938. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3153.
50. Mackenzie King diary. January 12, 1939. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
51. Mackenzie King diary. January 16, 1939. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
52. Halifax Herald. January 31, 1939. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3144.
53. Ibid.
54. Millar to Bennett. March 17, 1939. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3153.
55. Bennett to Millar. May 18, 1939. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3153.
56. Millar to Bennett. June 19, 1947 Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3153.
57. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3162.
58. Bennett to Millar. June 12, 1939. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3153.
59. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3163.
60. Labrie to Bennett. October 25, 1940. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1498.
61. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1498.
62. Hill to Beaverbrook. March 6, 1941, Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3174.
63. Stratford Express. August 2, 1940. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1498.
64. Bennett to Meighen. April 9, 1941, Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3176.
65. Cited in Glassford, Reaction and Reform, 244.
66. Mackenzie King diary. February 19, 20, 1941. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
67. Mackenzie King diary. April 22, 1941. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
68. This practice would come to light again in 2001 when, later disgraced and jailed media mogul, Conrad Black worked to finagle himself a peerage, but Prime Minister Chrétien refused to allow him to accept it as it violated the law and practice as Mackenzie King had re-established it. Black opted to surrender his Canadian citizenship to become Lord Black of Crossharbour.
69. Beaverbrook, Friends, 92.
70. Bennett speech to the House of Lords. February 16, 1942. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3173.
71. Bennett speech to the House of Lords. March 1, 1942. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1498.
72. Farey-Jones to Bennett. April 16, 1943. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 1498.
73. Bennett to Atkinson. May 28, 1930. Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3143.
74. Mackenzie King diary. May 10, 1944. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
75. Mackenzie King diary. December 31, 1942. (http://king.collectionscanada.ca/EN/PageView.asp)
76. Watkins, R.B. Bennett, 254.
77. Bennett to Borden. April 17, 1918, Bennett Papers. NAC. Reel 3174.