My special, personal, and professional thanks go to Patricia Albers, Phillip Alexis, Benedict Anderson, Jo Allyn Archambault, James Ax-tell, John Baker, Donald Bahr, the late Robert and Mary Catherine Bell, Charles Bishop, John Boatman, Edward M. Bruner, James Canaan, Edison Chiloquin, Charles Cleland, the late Judge James Doyle, Jeanne Kay, Igor Kopytoff, Adam Kuper, James Janetta, Gail H. Landsman, Nancy O. Lurie, Buck Martin, James McClurken, J. Anthony Parades, Curtis Pequano, Paul Prucha, Tomatsu Shibutani, Bernard Sheehan, Donald Smith, William Sturtevant, Stanley J. Tambiah, Catherine Tierney, Flora Tobabadung, William Wabnosah, and Hiroto Zakoji. With a few exceptions, all of these have provided much positive grist for the mill of my thinking, directly and indirectly serving as sources of insight and enlightenment, as critics and intellectual buttresses, but they are in no manner responsible for the results. And I am also grateful to those few whose useful contributions to my practical education deserve anonymity for having acted—in the awful language of contemporary pop-sociology—as “negative role models”; but I have learned from them, too. A great many years ago, Lt. Col. Hideyose Gomi of Imperial Japan’s Kempei Tai, gave me an unforgettable lesson in the fine distinction between education and propaganda, for which I will always remain appreciative.
To Theodore S. Stern I owe much too large a debt, for thirty-five years of higher education. For an advanced course in the intricacies of the Indian business, my thanks to the fourteen fine, independent minded, creative thinkers who contributed their essays to this book. However, on none of them should be loaded any culpability for the interpretations and conclusions I express in chapters One and Two.
To the Klamath, Southern Ute, Ute Mountain Ute, Potawatomi, Fox, Sauk, Menomini, Shawnee, Kickapoo, Chippewa, Ottawa, Brotherton, Wyandot, Huron, Miami, Oneida, Winnebago, Stockbridge-Munsee, and Delaware—of Oregon, Colorado, Kansas, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Indiana, Ontario, and Quebec, individually and en masse, for the opportunities to learn about and from them since 1957, my lasting appreciation.
And to the Great Lakes Intertribal Council, the Federal District Court of Wisconsin and Michigan, and the now defunct Indian Claims Commission, my gratitude for providing me the opportunity to do what my friend and colleague John Messenger calls “observant participation” in their chambers.
Over the years my studies of North American Indians have been supported by the Social Science Research Council, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Science Foundation, the Canadian Ethnology Service, the State of Michigan, the Cleveland Foundation, the Wenner-Gren Foundation, and, most recently, the National Endowment for the Humanities. I thank all of them.
And, above all others, to Faye, for wise counsel and everything else.