1. Harold Pringle to Mary Ellen Pringle, July 5, 1945.
2. Union Jack, 8, 3, 1944, Today’s Centre Column. Reader’s Contribution, cited in Sonia Dougal, Front-line Story: The Language of Suggestion and Desuggestion on the Front-line in Italy, 1943–1945 (Fribourg, Switzerland: Editions Universitaires Fribourg Suisse, 1996), 111–112.
3. Interview with Don Kernaghan, March 2000.
4. Interview with Marion Jamieson, July 2000.
5. Interview with Tom Jamieson, February 1992.
6. Interview with Marion Jamieson, May 2000.
7. Interview with Matthew Clark, February 1999.
8. Samuel A. Stouffer, Arthur A. Lumsdaine, Marion Harper Lumsdaine, Robin M. Williams, Jr., M. Brewster Smith, Irving L. Janis, Shirley A. Starr and Leonard S. Cottrell, Jr., The American Soldier: Combat and Its Aftermath, vol. 3 of Social Psychology in World War II (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1949–50), 290.
9. Harold Pringle to his family, May 22, 1945.
10. Tom Lenane to Mary Ellen Pringle, August 8, 1945.
1. Interview with Veronica, May 2000.
2. Interview with Teresa, May, 2000.
3. Pat Sullivan, “Still on the Books,” Legion Magazine, vol. 59 number 12 (May 1985), 14.
4. Interview with Betti Michael, June, 2000.
5. Interview with Betti Michael, June, 2000.
6. Interview with Veronica, July 2000.
7. First World War record of William Pringle, Regimental Number 835142, National Archives of Canada.
8. R. N. Siddle, “Closing the Eyes of the Hun,” in Canada at War, edited by Michael Benedict (Toronto: Penguin, 1997; article originally published in Maclean’s, December 1917), 12–25.
9. S. G. Bennett, The 4th Canadian Mounted Rifles, 1914–1919 (Toronto: Murray Printing, 1926), 69–70.
10. First World War record of William Pringle.
11. Interview with Armand La Barge, October 2000.
12. Interview with Betti Michael, June 2000.
13. Interview with Veronica, July 2000.
14. Interview with Betti Michael, June 2000.
1. Brian Nolan, King’s War: Mackenzie King and the Politics of War, 1939–1945 (Toronto: Random House, 1988), 15.
2. Desmond Morton and J. L. Granatstein, Marching to Armageddon: Canadians and the Great War 1914–1919 (Toronto: Lester & Orpen Dennys, 1989), 261.
3. Interview with Marion Jamieson, May 2000.
4. Interview with Betti Michael, June 2000.
5. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle, C-5292, National Archives of Canada. Harold Pringle’s service record is the primary source of evidence for his story. It contains all his trial transcripts and all correspondence regarding him and his time in the army.
6. Farley Mowat, The Regiment (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1955), 6.
7. “Journals of Major Robert Rogers, 1769.” Dublin. Found at users.crols.com/candidus/kings.htm.
8. Michael Calvert, with Peter Young, A Dictionary of Battles (New York: Mayflower Books, 1979).
9. Interview with Bill McAndrew, July 2000.
10. No. 1 Canadian Detention Barracks, Headley Downs (renamed No. 3 Canadian Detention Barracks in May 1945), RG 24, National Defence, Series C-3, Volume 16518, Serial: 540, March 1941-December 1943, National Archives of Canada.
11. Mowat, The Regiment, p. 39.
12. A. E. Moll, “Neuropsychiatry: Summary of 280 Patients Examined at No. 4 and 5CCs, 12 June-30 Nov. 1942.” NA RG24 Vol. 2089.
13. 5th Canadian Infantry Division Reinforcement Unit (formerly 5th Canadian Armoured Division Holding Unit, Armoured Divisions Infantry Reinforcement Unit), RG24, National Defence, Series C-3, Volume 16760, Serial: 599, October 1941-September 1943, National Archives of Canada.
14. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
15. C. P. Stacey and Barbara M. Wilson, The Half-Million: The Canadians in Britain, 1939–1946 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987), 135.
16. Stacey and Wilson, The Half-Million, 148.
17. Terry Copp and Bill McAndrew, Battle Exhaustion: Soldiers and Psychiatrists in the Canadian Army, 1939–1945 (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1990).
18. In Daniel G. Dancocks, The D-Day Dodgers. The Canadians in Italy, 1943–1945 (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1991), 140.
19. The Maple Leaf, “Rhyme and Reason,” Feb. 1945. RG24, National Defence, Series C-2, Volume 16644, National Archives of Canada.
20. Harold Pringle to Mary Ellen Pringle, May 8, 1945.
21. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
22. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
23. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
24. Robert Boyes, In Glasshouses: A History of the Military Provost Staff Corps (Colchester, UK: Military Provost Staff Corps Association, 1988), 107–108.
25. Colin McDougall, Execution (New York: St. Martin’s, 1958).
26. War Diary, No. 1 Canadian Detention Barracks, Headley Downs.
27. War Diary, No. 1 Canadian Detention Barracks, Headley Downs.
28. Military Service Record of William Pringle, Regimental Number 835142, National Archives of Canada.
29. A. E. Moll. “Neuropsychiatry: Summary of 280 Patients Examined at No. 4 and 5CCs, 12 June-30 Nov. 1942.” RG 24 Vol. 2089.
30. War Diary, No. 1 Canadian Detention Barracks, Headley Downs.
31. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
32. War Office, Great Britain, Manual of Military Law, 1929 (London: War Office, 1929), 17–77.
Militia Act, RSC 1927 c.132 courtesy Department of National Defence.
The Trail of Discipline: The Historical Roots of Canadian Military Law. 1985 R. A. McDonald LCol. Director of Law/Human Rights and Information. Department of National Defence. P 1–7.
A perspective on Canada’s Code of Service Discipline, “The Development of Canada’s Military Justice System to 1950. Judge Advocate General, Department of National Defence Newsletter Vol. IV—1999.
33. “Executed World War I soldiers may get pardons,” Scott Edmonds. The Canadian Press. “We Shall Remember Them.” Ann McIlroy. The Guardian. December 17, 2001.
34. Lt. Col. T. M. Hunter. Some Aspects of Disciplinary Policy in the Canadian Services, 1914–1946: Historical Section Report 91 (DND, 1960), p. 91.
35. Ibid., p. 91.
36. Interviews with Tony Basciano, Ivan Gunter, October 2000, and Harry Fox, December 2000; Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
37. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, April 2000.
38. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, April 2000.
39. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, July 2000.
40. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, March 2001.
41. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, April 2000.
42. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, June 2001.
43. Interview with Bill Stewart, July 2000.
44. In Dancocks, The D-Day Dodgers, 62.
45. The D-Day Dodgers, 67.
46. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, June 2001.
1. Interview with Maj. Robert Bradford, August 2000; interviews with Tony Basciano, September 2000.
2. Interview with Tony Basciano, September 2000.
3. Interview with Patricia Basciano, September 2000.
4. Interview with Tony Basciano and Patrician Basciano, September 2000.
5. Interview with Tony Basciano, October 2000.
6. Interview with Michael Cloney, April 2000.
7. Interview with Bill McAndrew, July 2000.
8. Interview with Tony Basciano, September 2000.
9. Dancocks, The D-Day Dodgers, 175.
10. C. Vokes to GOC V Corps, 3 January 1944, DHIST, CMHQ Report 165, appendix, National Archives of Canada.
11. Interview with Harry Fox, December 2000.
12. Battle Experience Questionnaires, RG 24, vol. 10,450, National Archives of Canada.
13. Copp and McAndrew, Battle Exhaustion, 64; Chapter Six, “The D-Day Dodgers: Italy 1944” (pp. 63–89), gives a vivid description and explanation of the psychological cost of the prolonged raids made over the Arielli.
14. Copp and McAndrew, Battle Exhaustion, 64–65.
15. War Diary, Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment, RG24, National Defence, Series C-3, Volume 15073, National Archives of Canada.
16. Copp and McAndrew, Battle Exhaustion, 66.
17. Copp and McAndrew, Battle Exhaustion, 66.
18. War Diary, No. 2 Canadian Detention and Field Punishment Camp, RG24, National Defence, Series C-3, Volume 16516, National Archives of Canada.
19. Mowat, The Regiment, 161.
20. Mowat, The Regiment, 23.
21. Battle Experience Questionnaires, RG24, vol. 10450, National Archives of Canada.
22. Interview with Tony Basciano, September 2000.
23. War Diary, Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment.
24. Interview with veteran, D-Day Dodgers Reunion, May 2000.
25. Harold Pringle to Mary Ellen Pringle, April 11, 1945.
26. War Diary, Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment.
27. Harold Pringle to Mary Ellen Pringle, April 13, 1944.
28. War Diary, Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment.
1. Pages 69–71 are based on the War Diary of the Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment.
2. Raleigh Trevelyan, Rome ’44: The Battle for the Eternal City (London: Secker & Warburg, 1981), 129. Trevelyan’s thoroughly researched book is among the best written about the Battle for Rome.
3. Trevelyan, Rome ’44, 129–130.
4. David Hapgood and David Richardson, Monte Cassino (North Ryde, UK; London: Angus & Robertson, 1984).
5. The Inferno of Dante, trans. Robert Pinsky, (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1994), 145.
6. Colin McDougall, Journal, McGill University Rare Books Library.
7. McDougall, Journal, McGill University Rare Books Library.
8. Saul Bellow to Colin McDougall, 1960, McGill University Rare Books Library.
9. McDougall, Notebook, 1955, McGill University Rare Books Library.
10. McDougall, Notebook, McGill University Rare Books Library.
11. McDougall, Journal, 1954, McGill University Rare Books Library.
12. McDougall, Journal, 1953, McGill University Rare Books Library.
13. McDougall, Notebook, 1956, McGill Rare Books Library.
14. McDougall, Execution, 54.
15. McDougall, Execution, 117.
16. War Diary, Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment.
17. War Diary, Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment.
18. Dancocks, The D-Day Dodgers, 243.
19. War Diary, Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment.
20. Dancocks, The D-Day Dodgers, 247.
21. Douglas LePan, Weathering It: Complete Poems 1948–1987 (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1987), 34 from the poem “Campaigning Weather.”
22. Pages 97 to 104 are based on information found in Dancocks, The D-Day Dodgers; McDougall, Execution; and personal interviews with veterans of the battle at the Hitler Line, May 2000, D-Day Dodgers Reunion in Orillia, Ontario.
23. Copp and McAndrew, Battle Exhaustion, 79.
24. Interview with veteran May 2000.
25. “Slit-Trench Christianity,” Union Jack, 3, 3, 1944.
26. Interview with Ramsay Park, July 2001.
27. Peter Stursberg. During the course of my research I spent time listening to CBC Radio broadcasts recorded during the Italian Campaign. I used these reports to help give accuracy to my descriptions of the conflict. All are available at the National Archives of Canada.
Canadian Infantry, Canadian and British Tanks Storm the Hitler Line, reference number 140554.
Capture of Pontecorvo, reference number 143698.
Hitler Line Broken—Tour of Battlefield, reference number 143669 Cassino and Monastery Hill Captured, reference number 143692 5th and 8th Armies Building Up to Assault the Hitler Line, reference number 143696.
28. Dancock, The D-Day Dodgers, 258.
29. War Diary, Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment.
30. War Diary, Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment.
31. McDougall, Execution, 115–119.
1. Trevelyan, Rome ’44, 193.
2. Trevelyan, Rome ’44, 299.
3. Manfred Messerschmidt, Nazi Political Aims and German Military Law in World War II (Kingston, ON: Royal Military College of Canada, 1981), cited in Copp and McAndrew, Battle Exhaustion, 127.
4. Interview with Tony Basciano, September 2000.
5. War Diary, Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment.
6. L. Col. A. M. Doyle, RG24 Vol. 12631 Psychiatric Report. “Morale.” National Archives of Canada.
7. Ibid., 16.
8. Farley Mowat, My Father’s Son: Memories of War and Peace (Toronto: Key Porter, 1992), 108.
9. Nolan, King’s War, 88.
10. Mowat, My Father’s Son, 98.
11. Nolan, King’s War, 127.
12. Interview with veteran, D-Day Dodgers Reunion, May 2000.
13. Nolan, King’s War, 129.
14. Copp and McAndrew, Battle Exhaustion, 66.
15. Cited in Dougal, Front-line Story, 8.
16. Interview with Anna Preziuso, November 2000.
17. Copp and McAndrew, Battle Exhaustion, 57.
18. Copp and McAndrew, Battle Exhaustion, 70.
19. Ibid., 70.
20. Major A. E. Moll, Report from No. 2 Canadian Exhaustion Unit in Italy, RG 24, vol. 12631, National Archives of Canada, 630.
21. Moll, Report from No. 2 Canadian Exhaustion Unit in Italy.
22. Interview with Tony Basciano, September 2000.
23. Interview with Ivan Gunter, October 2000.
24. Doyle, Report of Survey of Canadian Soldiers Under Sentence in the C.M.F. RG 24, Vol. 12631, National Archives.
25. “Operations of British, Indian, and Dominion Forces in Italy.” “The Problem of Desertion.” Private collection, Bill McAndrew.
26. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
27. McDougall, Execution, 179.
1. “The Battle against Venereal Disease,” Operations of British, Indian and Dominion Forces in Italy, 3 September 1943 to 2 May 1945, Bill McAndrew’s private collection.
2. George Powell, “But the Women!,” The Maple Leaf, July 1944.
3. Interview with Oreste Schiano di Zenise, November 2000.
4. Trevelyan, Rome ’44, 62.
5. Trevelyan, Rome ’44, 218.
6. Trevelyan, Rome ’44, 217–218.
7. The following documents were found at the Public Records Office, Kew Gardens, UK.
WO 204/2488 “Italy: Allied Military personnel engaged in black market activities.” British Merchant seamen ashore: discipline. 1944 April-Nov.
WO 204/2920 “Italy: reports of black market activities involving Allied soldiers or vehicles.” 1945 September-October.
WO 204/3279 “Italy: black market operations: reports.” 1943 October-1946 January.
WO 204/9765 “Relations between Allied Forces and Italian civilians: assistance to civil power, emergency relief and assistance, incidents involving Allied troops, black market operations, finance etc.” 1944 February-July.
WO 204/9766 “Relations between Allied Forces and Italian civilians: assistance to civil power, emergency relief and assistance, incidents involving Allied troops, black market operations, finance etc.” 1944 July-September.
WO 204/9766 “Relations between Allied Forces and Italian civilians: assistance to civil power, emergency relief and assistance, incidents involving Allied troops, black market operations, finance, etc.” 1944 September-December.
WO 204/9768 “Relations between Allied Forces and Italian civilians: assistance to civil power, emergency relief and assistance, incidents involving Allied troops, black market operations, finance etc.” 1944 December-1945 July.
8. Interview with Father Bill Curran, June 2001, Information about Father Lenane is from his nephew Fr. Bill Curran and from reports from the Rosminian Chapel in Rome.
9. “The Problem of Desertion,” Operations of British, Indian and Dominion Forces in Italy, 3 September 1943 to 2 May 1945. This report gives a detailed analysis on the incidence and causes of AWOL and desertion.
10. “Report of Survey of Canadian Soldiers under Sentence,” RG 24 Vol. 12631.
11. “The Problem of Desertion.”
12. In Copp and McAndrew, Battle Exhaustion, 94.
13. Interview with Betti Michael, June 2000.
14. The Maple Leaf, “Rhyme and Reason,” February 1945, RG 24 Vol. 16644—HQ No. 3 Cdn Public Relations.
15. Robert W. Black, Rangers in World War II (New York: Ballantine, 1992). Information on the Rangers in Italy can also found in Trevelyan, Rome ’44.
16. Trevelyan, Rome ’44, 76.
1. David, ed. Diaries of Evelyn Waugh, 616, 597 in Fussell, Wartime: Understanding Behaviour in the Second World War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989).
2. “The Problem of Desertion.”
3. George Powell, “Soldiers Revel in Civvy-Street Atmosphere. Females Fascinating Feature,” The Maple Leaf, August 1944.
4. Union Jack, 6, 10, 1944 and 5, 12, 1943 in Dougal, Front-line Story, 95 and 74.
5. “Rhyme and Reason,” The Maple Leaf, Feb. 1945.
6. Interview with veteran, May 2000.
7. In Paul Fussell, Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War, 125–126.
8. In Fred Cederberg, The Long Road Home: The Autobiography of a Canadian Soldier in Italy in World War II (Toronto: Stoddart, 1984), 70.
9. There are a number of reports dealing with acts against civilians by Allied soldiers:
From the Public Records office, Kew Gardens, UK.
FO 371/49853 “Events in Italy 1944–1945”
FO 371/49957 “Claims against members of the British Armed Forces.” 1945
FO 371/43947 to FO 371/43947 (inclusive) “Reports on conditions in liberated Italy and in enemy-occupied Italy.” 1944–1945
FO 371/49869 “Reports on conditions in liberated Italy.” 1945.
10. Interview with Ivan Gunter, October 2000.
11. Union Jack, 12, 11, 1943, in Dougal, Front-line Story, 99.
12. “Italy: black market operations: Reports.” 1943 Oct.-1946 Jan. WO 204/3279, Public Records Office, London, UK.
13. “Italy: Allied military personnel engaged in black market activities. British merchant seamen ashore: discipline.” WO 204/2488 1944 April-November. Public Records Office, London, UK.
14. “Italy: Allied military personnel engaged in black market activities. British merchant seamen ashore: discipline.” WO 204/2488 1944 April-November.
15. Anthony Gardener and Anthony Babington, “For Once in his miserable life,” Daily Mail (30 April 1994), 28 and 29. This is the only account of Bill Croft’s execution.
16. Police statement by Maria Fedele, held in the Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
1. Norman Lewis, Naples ’44 (London: Collins, 1978), 147. Naples ’44 is a thoughtful, engaging source for information on life in the city during the Allied occupation.
2. Cpl. Joe Greaves, “This Italy,” The Maple Leaf, October 1944.
3. All information based on Bill Croft’s trial was found at the Public Records Office in his court martial transcript: “Court Martial of Fireman W Croft for murder: sentenced to death: sentence not carried out until confirmed by the Admiralty, report by Sir Bernard Spilsbury on victim,” ADM 156/232, 1945, Public Records Office, London, UK. The activities of the Sailor Gang have been reconstructed by using information from the courts martial of all three men; these include testimony from such witnesses as Maria Fedele and Bill Holton.
4. “Court Martial of Fireman W Croft.” Lucky spelled his own surname “McGillivary”; court documents and military records spell it “McGillivray”; and the Commonwealth War Graves Commission and the Canadian Virtual War Memorial spell it “MacGillivray.”
5. Military Service Record of John Norman McGillivray, Regimental Number F-550044, National Archives of Canada.
6. Military Service Record of John Norman McGillivray.
7. Ibid.
8. Cederberg, The Long Road Home, 119.
9. Honess’s Statement to SIB, found in Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
10. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
11. Interview with Betti Michael, June 2000.
12. WO 204/3279, “Black Market Operation Reports 1943 Oct.-1946 Jan.
13. Copp and McAndrew, Battle Exhaustion.
1. War Diary, Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment.
2. War Diary, GHQ 2nd Echelon, Allied Armies in Italy, Canadian Section, National Defence, Series C-3, Volume 13602, National Archives of Canada.
3. The rest of this chapter is taken from Honess, C.H.F. Offence: Murder.
4. Court Martial of Fireman W Croft.
1. “Special Investigations Branches: 76 Section,” April to December 1944, WO 170/3598, Public Records Office, London, UK. This was the primary Eighth Army military police unit used in Rome to investigate serious crime. The range and frequency of offences is staggering.
2. “Special Investigations Branches: 76 Section.”
3. Mowat, My Father’s Son, 171.
4. The description of the attack on the Lamone was constructed using information from H+PE War Diary, Dancocks, The D-Day Dodgers, 388–97; Mowat, The Regiment; and interviews with veterans of the Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment, May 2000.
5. D-Day Dodger’s Reunion, May 2000.
6. Interview with Bill Boss, February 2001.
7. War Diary, Canadian Section, GHQ, 1st Echelon, Allied Armies in Italy, National Defence, RG 24 Series C-3, Volume 13579, December 1944-January 1945, National Archives of Canada.
8. Military Service Record of Gunner Clement Ceccacci, B-18135, National Archives of Canada. This document contains a detailed description of the Lane Gang’s activities as they related to Allied deserters.
9. Military Service Record of Gunner Clement Ceccacci.
10. Military Service Record of Gunner Clement Ceccacci.
11. War Diary, Canadian Section, GHQ, 1st Echelon, Allied Armies in Italy.
12. “Special Investigations Branches: 76 Section.”
13. From the Public Records office, Kew Gardens, UK. FO 371/49853, “Events in Italy 1944–1945”; FO 371/49957 “Claims against members of the British Armed Forces, 1945”; FO 371/43947 to FO 371/43947 (inclusive) “Reports on conditions in liberated Italy and in enemy-occupied Italy.” 1944–1945; FO 371/49869 “Reports on conditions in liberated Italy, 1945.”
14. Service record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
15. War Diary, Canadian Section, GHQ, 1st Echelon, Allied Armies in Italy.
16. Interview with Michael Cloney, April 2000.
17. “Some Aspects of Disciplinary Policy in the Canadian Services,” Lt.-Col. T. M. Hunter, 1960, 98.
1. “Court Martial transcript of murder court martial for Private Harold Pringle, C-5292,” National Archives of Canada. This provided all the information used to reconstruct Pringle’s trial.
2. Lucky spelled his own surname “McGillivary”; see note 4, Chapter 9.
3. “Special Investigations Branches: 76 Section.”
4. Clippings file on Doctor Edgar Fielden, Archives of the Ontario College of Physicians and Surgeons, Toronto, Ontario.
1. All information used in recounting Honess’s court martial comes from his court martial record: “Honess, C.H.F. Offence: Murder 1945,” WO 71/954, Public Records Office, London, UK. Information on the weather etc. taken from “1 Echelon AAI War Diary, RG24 Vol. 13581 NA.
1. Babington and Gardner, “For Once in His Miserable Life.” April 30, 1994, Daily Mail, 28–29.
2. Ibid.
3. John Horne Burns. The Gallery (New York: Harper, 1947), 281.
4. Curzio Malaparte, The Skin, translated by David Moore (London, UK: Redman Ltd., 1952), 48.
5. Lewis, Naples ’44, 171.
6. Malaparte, The Skin, 41.
7. Lewis, Naples ’44, 25–26.
8. Malaparte, The Skin, 58.
9. Lewis, Naples ’44, 115.
10. Malaparte, The Skin, 142.
11. “The Battle against Venereal Disease.” Operations of British, Indian and Dominion Forces in Italy.
12. Interview with Oreste Schiano, November 2000.
13. Lewis, Naples ’44, 135.
14. Union Jack, 26, 11, 43 in Dougal, Front-line Story, 113.
15. Lewis, Naples ’44, 53.
16. Lewis, Naples ’44, 53.
17. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
18. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
19. Stacey and Wilson, The Half-Million, 117.
20. Babington and Gardner, “For Once in His Miserable Life.” My account of Bill Croft’s trial is based on his court martial record (ADM 156/232, Public Records Office, London, UK), along with Babington and Gardner, “For Once in His Miserable Life.”
1. Military Service Record of Private Harold Joseph Pringle.
2. McDougall, Execution, 189.
3. Interviews with veterans, Tony Basciano, September 2000.
4. B. S. Farrell to A. L. Louden, March 29, 1945, Military Service Record of Private Harold Pringle.
5. Harold Pringle to Mary Ellen Pringle, April 6, 1945.
6. “Honess, C.H.F. Offence: Murder 1945.”
7. Court Martial of Fireman W Croft.
8. “Honess, C.H.F. Offence: Murder 1945.”
9. “Honess, C.H.F. Offence: Murder 1945.”
10. Percy Bysshe Shelley, preface to Adonais, 1821.
11. “Court Martial of Fireman W Croft.”
12. “Court Martial of Fireman W Croft.”
13. “Court Martial of Fireman W Croft.”
14. Douglas G. Browne and E. V. Tullett, Bernard Spilsbury, His Life and Cases (London: Harrap, 1952).
15. “Court Martial of Fireman W Croft.”
16. “Court Martial of Fireman W Croft.”
17. “Court Martial of Fireman W Croft.”
18. Browne and Tullett, Bernard Spilsbury, 394–399.
19. Harold Pringle to Mary Ellen Pringle, May 7, 1945.
20. Harold Pringle to Mary Ellen Pringle, May 8, 1945.
21. War Diary, Canadian Section 1 Echelon AFHQ, RG24 Vol. 13581. NAC.
22. Report by Colonel W. A. I. Anglin. This detailed report can be found in Harold Pringle’s service record, as can all other JAG reports on the case.
23. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
24. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
25. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
26. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
27. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
28. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
29. Interview with Michael Cloney Nov. 2001.
1. War Diary, Canadian Section, GHQ, 1st Echelon, Allied Armies in Italy (May 1945). RG 24 Vol. 13581. NAC.
2. Interview with Benito Scopa, Nov. 2000.
3. Interview with Teresa Prezzuto, November 2000.
4. Vincenzo Cannaviello, Avellino e L’Irpinia nella Tragedia del 1943–1944 (Rome: Pergola, 1954), 180–189.
5. Cannaviello, Avellino, 180–189.
6. Cannaviello, Avellino, 180–189.
7. Interview with Teresa Preziuso, November 2000.
8. Cannaviello, Avellino, 180–189.
9. Interview with Andrea Massaro, November 2000.
10. Interview with a resident of Avellino, November 2000.
11. Echelon Etchings, in War Diary, Canadian Section, GHQ, 1st Echelon, Allied Armies in Italy (Dec. 1944). RG24 Vol. 13603 NAC.
12. Lewis, Naples ’44, 173.
13. Interview with Anna Preziuso, November 2000.
14. War Diary, Canadian Section GHQ 1st Echelon Armies in Italy. May 1945.
15. Stanley Scislowski rewrote the article from memory and sent it to me in 2001.
16. McDougall, Execution, 179.
17. McDougall, Execution, 179–180.
18. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, July 2001.
19. Interview with Michael Cloney, March 2000.
20. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, July 2001.
21. Babington and Gardner, “For Once in His Miserable Life.”
22. Court Martial of Fireman W. Croft.
23. Babington and Gardner, “For Once in His Miserable Life.”
24. Interview with Oreste Schiano di Zenise, November 2000.
25. Babington and Gardner, “For Once in His Miserable Life.”
26. Babington and Gardner, “For Once in His Miserable Life.”
27. Babington and Gardner, “For Once in His Miserable Life.”
28. Harold Pringle to Mary Ellen Pringle, May 23, 1945.
29. These dispatches can be found in Pringle’s service record.
30. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
31. Interview with Michael Cloney, March 2000.
32. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
1. This chapter is based on information taken from Harold Pringle’s service record; his letters home; Father Farrell to HJP, June 1945; Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Louis Mary De Montfort, translated from the original French by Françoise De Castro, adapted by Eddie Doherty (Bay Shore, New York: T.O.P. Montfort Publications, 1955); and interviews with Ramsay Park, April, July 2000 and July, October 2001; Tom Jamieson, March 1993, and Michael Cloney, 2000 and 2001.
2. De Montfort, True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, 32.
3. De Montfort, True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, 35.
4. Canadian Section, GHQ 1st Echelon, 21st Army Group, Appendix 64, RG24, National Defence, Series C-3, Volume 13581, Serial: 1874, March 1945, National Archives of Canada.
5. Office JAG CAO RG24 Vol. 9953 appendix 64 NAC.
6. Harold Pringle to Mary Ellen Pringle, June 1945.
7. War Diary, 1 Echelon Allied Field Headquarters, Canadian Section, National Archives of Canada.
8. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, July 2000.
9. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, July 2001.
10. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, July 2000.
11. Fr. B. S. Farrell to Harold Pringle, June 8, 1945.
12. Harold Pringle to Mary Ellen Pringle, June 11, 1945.
13. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
14. McDougall, Journal, McGill University Rare Books Library.
15. Harold Pringle to Mary Ellen Pringle, June 15, 1945.
16. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
17. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
18. Harold Pringle to Mary Ellen Pringle, June 21, 1945.
1. This chapter is based on information taken from Pringle’s service record; his letters home; McDougall, Execution; and interviews with Ramsay Park, 2000 and 2001, and Michael Cloney, 2000 and 2001.
2. Nolan, King’s War.
3. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
4. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
5. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
6. De Montfort, True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, 40.
7. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
8. McDougall, Execution, 190.
9. De Montfort, True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, 38.
10. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, October 2001.
11. Harold Pringle to Mary Ellen Pringle, July 5, 1945.
12. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, July 2001.
13. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, July 2001.
14. Interview with Tony Basciano, September 2000.
15. Interview with Michael Cloney, March 2000.
16. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, July 2001.
17. Fr. B. S. Farrell to Fr. Kinlin, July 5, 1945.
1. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle. This chapter is based on information taken from Pringle’s service record and interviews with Hugh Ramsay Park, 2000 and 2001, and Michael Cloney, 2000 and 2001.
2. Interview with Teresa, June 2000.
3. Interview with Tony Basciano, September 2000.
4. Copp and McAndrew, Battle Exhaustion, 214.
5. William Smith, What Time the Tempest, in Copp and McAndrew, Battle Exhaustion, 102.
6. Fr. Tom Lenane to Mary Ellen Pringle, August 8, 1945.
7. Fr. B. S. Farrell to Fr. Kinlin, July 5, 1945.
8. “Rhyme and Reason,” in The Maple Leaf, RG24 Vol. 16644 NAC, February 1945.
9. Interview with Ruth Jamieson, April 2001.
10. Interview with David Bergman, March 2000.
11. Interview with Fr. Bill Curran, April 2001.
12. Military Service Record of Harold Joseph Pringle.
13. Military Service Record of John Norman McGillivray.
14. Military Service Record of John Norman McGillivray.
15. Research trip, November 2000.
16. Sister Mary Anselm to Mary Ellen Pringle, August 8, 1945.
17. Sister Mary Anselm to Mary Ellen Pringle, March 26, 1946.
18. Sister Mary Anselm to Mary Ellen Pringle, April 12, 1947.
19. Interview with Tony Basciano, September 2000.
20. Interview with Tony Basciano, September 2000.
21. Military Service Record of Gunner Clement Ceccacci B-18135.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Interview with Hugh Ramsay Park, April 2000.
25. “Rhyme and Reason,” The Maple Leaf, RG24 Vol. 16644, February 1945.